DE102016009952A1 - Device and method as a CO2 drive motor by using the thermal energy of a heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

This technology, which is based on the enthalpy differences of a heat pump, should be used to reduce the overall fuel consumption and emissions of pollutants by conventional internal combustion engines. To drive this device, a smaller amount of energy is needed compared to conventional motors. By means of a heat pump pressure and temperature differences are generated, which allow the pressure of CO2 to increase so that it can be economically driven by a connected crankshaft or a hydraulic turbine. The device is used as a drive motor of machines and in cars, trucks, ships and other vehicles.

Description

INTRODUCTION

Process as a thermo-hydraulic motor for driving machines and vehicles by means of the enthalpy differences of a heat pump, with which a high-pressure gas (such as R744, R744A etc.) warms at a constant density and is liquefied after expansion. It can u. U. also 2-stage heat pumps can be used.

NAME OF THE INVENTION

Device and method as a CO2 drive motor by using the thermal energy of a heat pump.

TECHNICAL AREA

• Motors, drive technology

STATE OF THE ART

It is not known if heat pumps are used to create pressure differences in the drive cylinders of an engine, which in turn drives a crankshaft or a hydraulic turbine.

THE ROUNDING PROBLEM

Pollutant emissions from internal combustion engines are expected to be reduced because of climate change and pollution, given the current requirements and targets of national and international authorities. This can only be achieved by using other techniques that can either reduce or replace common combustion engines.

GENERAL

This method uses the property of a liquid high-pressure gas (such as CO2) with low temperature increase and constant density to achieve high pressure differences.

According to the physical laws of energy conservation, these are predominantly artificially produced temperature and pressure differences. It is used both the energy dissipation by the evaporation of a refrigerant, as well as the energy supply by the liquefaction of a refrigerant in a physically closed system of a Carnot cycle process (refrigeration process) as an energy source.

All valves described below can be performed directly or pilot-controlled, or possibly opened and closed via a camshaft. All pressure control valves can be controlled mechanically, thermo-mechanically, or via pressure or temperature transmitters and electronics. The drives of all automated valves can be either mechanical, electro-mechanical, electrical, electro-magnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic, or equivalent. The listed heat exchangers can be designed as tube bundle, as well as plate, or micro-channel heat exchangers or other heat exchange technologies.

The device described below and the method described, which can be used as a drive motor of machines or as a drive in cars, trucks, ships or in other vehicles, generated by means of a heat pump high pressures of z. B.> 800 bar, which act on the drive piston of a machine. The pistons may drive a crankshaft or, as described below, a turbine (C1) of a hydraulic motor.

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

Fig. 1:

Representation of the cycle processes in the log p-h diagram to illustrate the mode of operation. It should be noted that the drawing is intended only for the understanding of the system function.

The single-stage heat pump cycle with compressor (C1) can alternatively be carried out in two stages. Different refrigerants can be used. The evaporator cools the expanded high pressure gas [such as. B. R744, R744A, R503, etc.) hereinafter referred to only as CO2] and liquefies it in its subcritical range. The liquefied CO2 is collected in a cooled collector (eg at -30 ° C) and then transferred via the heat exchanger (C20 or C21) to z. B. heated to 80 ° C, resulting in a pressure increase of about 21 bar to about 900 bar.

All values are estimated and serve only to understand the process and the plant concept.

The liquid CO2 in the transcritical range is directed via an injection valve (A12, A16, B12 or B16) to the top of a piston in the cylinder (A1 or B1). The pressure is hereby z. B. 900 bar on z. B. 21 bar and the piston pressed down accordingly. On the underside of the piston in the cylinder (A1 or B1), the pressure of z. B. 21 bar. The CO2 is then at z. B. 21 liquefied in bar (-18 ° C) and in z. B. -30 ° C cooled collector accumulated.

The compression temperatures at the outlet of the compressor (C1) and / or the liquefaction energy of the heat pump cycle are used for the heating of the liquid CO2 in the heat exchanger (C20 or C21).

Fig. 2:

Extract from a CO2 log ph diagram (pressure enthalpy) with the isochore of about 1,000 kg / m ³ . When liquid CO2 is heated from approx. -18 ° C to approx. 80 ° C, the pressure in the closed container increases from approx. 21 bar to approx. 900 bar. The liquefaction requires an enthalpy difference of about [-165 - (-335)] = 170 kJ / kg K.

3:

Schematic representation of the clockwise CO2 cycle (clockwise). The collector (A6) is heated by the heat pump to z. B. -30 ° C cooled. The solenoid valve (A11) is open, so that the liquefied CO2 from the condenser (C2) can be accumulated. The collector (B6) is heated by the heat pump to z. B. heated 80 ° C. The solenoid valve (B7) is open, so z. B. 900 bar to the injection valves (A12, A16, B12 and B16) pending.

When the valves (A12 & A14) are opened, the piston in the cylinder (A1) is pushed upwards. The same applies to the valves (B16 & B14) on the cylinder (B1). When the valves (A16 & A18) are opened, the piston in the cylinder (A1) is pushed downwards. The same applies to the valves (B12 & B18) on the cylinder (B1). The expanded CO2 is then in the heat exchanger (C3) at z. B. -18 ° C liquefied and accumulated in the collector (A6).

The float switch (B9) or other level control device monitors the CO2 level at the collector (B6). If this value is undershot, the system switches to the adjacent collector filled with liquid CO2 (A6). For this purpose, the solenoid valves (B7 & A11) are closed and the solenoid valves (A7 & B11) are opened. The heat pump now cools the collector (B6) to z. B. -30 ° C down and heats the collector (A6) on z. + 80 ° C.

This change process is repeated according to the fill levels in the collectors (A6 & B6). The check valves (A8, B8, A10, B10, A15, B15 etc.) support the flow direction of the process.

4:

Schematic representation of the left-hand heat pump cycle (counterclockwise).

The compressor (C1) may be driven by an electric motor, an internal combustion engine, or equivalent. This sucks the refrigerant at z. B. -30 ° C from the optional liquid separator (C2) and compresses it in the heat exchanger (C8). If the set nominal condensing pressure has been exceeded, the pressure regulator (C6) opens the inlet to the heat exchanger (C7), which can be operated air- or water-cooled, or can be connected to another heat recovery system.

The liquefied refrigerant is stored in the optional collector (C9) and then fed to the evaporator (C3), where it is vaporized by the expansion valve (C16). If one of the CO2 collectors (A6 or B6) is to be heated, the corresponding solenoid valve (C17 or C22) opens the inlet of hot refrigerant into the heat exchanger (C20 or C21). Accordingly, the solenoid valve (C5) is closed.

If one of the CO2 collectors (A6 or B6) is to be cooled down, the corresponding solenoid valve (C14 or C15) opens the liquid refrigerant feed into the heat exchanger (C18 or C19), where it is removed from the expansion valve (C12 or C13 ) is evaporated. The check valves (including C10 & C11) support the flow direction of the process. The oil separator (C4) is optional.

Fig. 5:

Schematic representation of the common interconnection of both 3 and 4 , This device can be attached to the conventional technique of various reciprocating engines, or drive a hydraulic turbine as follows.

Fig. 6:

Schematic representation of a hydraulic motor with 2 cylinders. It can also be used several cylinders.

The diameters of the pistons (A2 & A4 or B2 & B4) may vary, so that the diameter of the piston (A2) may be greater or smaller than the diameter of the piston (A4) and the pistons (B2 and B4), which ultimately u , a. depends on the applied pressures in the system.

The hydraulic motor consists of the container (A3) with internal piston (A4) and the container (B3) with internal piston (B4), as well as the container (D2) and a hydraulic turbine (D1). All 3 tanks are connected by a piping or equivalent and check valves are connected to each other with a liquid such. B. filled a hydraulic oil. The expansion tank (D3) compensates for volume and pressure fluctuations within the hydraulic motor.

The piston (A2) in the gas cylinder (A1) is connected via a rod (A7) fixed to the piston (A4) in the hydraulic oil tank (A3) and z. B. a stuffing box or equivalent sealed with each other. The same applies to the adjacent cylinder (B1) with piston (B2) and container (B3) with piston (B4). The gas pressure above the piston (A2 or B2) pushes the piston (A4 or B4) down, the pressure on the turbine (D1) acts and this drives. The power of the turbine (D1) is z. B. transmitted to a crankshaft (D4). When the piston (A4 or B4) moves upwards, the piston (A2 or B2) moves from the pressure of the CO2, as shown in 3 is pushed up, the hydraulic oil is sucked through the corresponding check valves or flaps from the container (D2) in the container (A3 or B3).

Fig. 7:

Schematic overview of the interconnection of the 5 and 6 , This device can also be used for driving a generator for power generation o. Ä.

Claims (10)

Method as a thermal drive motor for the drive of machines and vehicles, characterized in that a heat pump is used, which heats a liquefied high-pressure refrigerant, thereby mechanically driving a machine whose power is transmitted to a drive shaft. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat pump drives directly or indirectly a crankshaft, or a liquid-filled turbine. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the heat of condensation of a heat pump is used to heat the high pressure gas of another closed system to its transkritischem range and the evaporation energy of a heat pump is used to the high-pressure gas of another closed system in subcritical Liquefy area. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressure differences of a high-pressure gas are used to move the piston of a drive motor or other mechanical device which is located outside the refrigeration cycle. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a heat pump is used to drive a machine or a vehicle. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a heat pump two parallel cased container, which are each filled with a liquefied gas or filled, heat and / or can cool down. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a machine is operated with a high pressure gas by on the one side of the piston of the machine, the pressures in the transcritical region of the high pressure gas and on the other side of the piston of the machine, the pressures in the subcritical Area of the high pressure gas act. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a gas is used to drive a vehicle, which is not consumed, but is circulated continuously in a closed system. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electric motor of a vehicle drives the compressor of a heat pump and the resulting force of the device, which is operated by the heat pump, is transmitted to the drive of the vehicle. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an already liquefied refrigerant is brought with the same further pressure and temperature increase in the trans-critical region of the same, then to relax it and thereby to drive a machine.

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