DE102016007784A1 - Optically variable security element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an optically variable security element (20) for securing valuables, having - a one- or two-dimensional relief frame (30) of a plurality of raster elements (34) having a first screen pitch p below 500 μm in at least one spatial direction, and in which the raster elements (34) are each formed from at least two relief elements (36) which are directed in different directions, and - with at least one dot and / or line grid (50) arranged vertically above or below the relief raster (30) is arranged, and in said spatial direction has a second screen ration q, wherein the second screen q differs only slightly from the first screen pitch p, in particular by less than one fifth, and / or the first screen pitch p and / or the second screen q are modulated location-dependent, so that by the interaction of the Reliefrasters (30) and the dot and / or line grid (5 0) when tilting the security element (20), a movement effect is produced, - and wherein the vertical distance (h) of relief raster (30) and dot and / or line grid (50) is less than half the screen pitch p.

Description

The invention relates to an optically variable security element for securing valuables. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a security element as well as a correspondingly equipped data carrier.

Data carriers, such as valuables or identity documents, or other valuables, such as branded articles, are often provided with security elements for the purpose of security, which permit verification of the authenticity of the data carriers and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.

Security elements with viewing-angle-dependent effects play a special role in the authentication of authenticity since they can not be reproduced even with the most modern copiers. The security elements are thereby equipped with optically variable elements that give the viewer a different image impression under different viewing angles and, for example, show a different color or brightness impression and / or another graphic motif depending on the viewing angle.

Both in securities printing and in packaging printing, it is of particular interest to verify color and dynamic human characteristics. Currently, such features are mainly realized by holograms and hologram-like designs, however, which place significant technological demands on the manufacturing process and therefore can not be used economically for all applications.

On this basis, the invention has for its object to provide an optically variable security element of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a simple and inexpensive to produce security element is to be provided, which shows visually appealing motion effects when tilting and ideally also has a small thickness and is therefore well suited for application to banknotes and other value documents.

This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

• – einem ein- oder zweidimensionalen Reliefraster aus einer Mehrzahl von Rasterelementen, welches in zumindest einer Raumrichtung eine erste Rasterweite p unterhalb von 500 μm aufweist, und bei dem die Rasterelemente jeweils aus zumindest zwei, in unterschiedliche Richtungen gerichtet reflektierenden Reliefelementen gebildet sind, und
• – mit zumindest einem Punkt- und/oder Linienraster, das vertikal über oder unter dem Reliefraster angeordnet ist, und in der genannten Raumrichtung eine zweite Rasterweite q aufweist, wobei sich die zweite Rasterweite q von der ersten Rasterweite p nur geringfügig, insbesondere um weniger als ein Fünftel unterscheidet, und/oder die erste Rasterweite p und/oder die zweite Rasterweite q ortsabhängig moduliert sind, so dass durch das Zusammenwirken von Reliefraster und Linienraster beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements ein Bewegungseffekt entsteht,
• – und wobei der vertikale Abstand von Reliefraster und Punkt- und/oder Linienraster weniger als die halbe Rasterweite p beträgt.

The invention contains an optically variable security element for securing valuables, with

• A one-dimensional or two-dimensional relief frame comprising a plurality of raster elements which has a first screen pitch p below 500 μm in at least one spatial direction, and in which the screen elements are each formed from at least two relief elements which are directed in different directions, and
• - With at least one dot and / or line grid, which is arranged vertically above or below the Reliefraster, and in said spatial direction has a second grid q, wherein the second grid q of the first grid width p only slightly, in particular by less than one fifth differentiates, and / or the first screen pitch p and / or the second grid q are modulated location-dependent, so that by the interaction of the relief grid and line grid when tilting the security element creates a movement effect,
• - And wherein the vertical distance of Relieffraster and point and / or line grid is less than half the screen width p.

The motion effect arises according to current understanding by a moiré effect between two grids of similar screen ruling, in this case the relief grid and the dot and / or line grid. The raster widths of the relief raster and the dot and / or line raster differ only slightly, in particular by less than one fifth. Alternatively or additionally, the raster width of one of the two rasters or even both rasters is suitably modulated in a location-dependent manner. In the latter case, the grid width of the dot and / or line grid can in principle also be the same as the grid width of the relief grid, since the moiré effect is already produced by the location-dependent modulation.

Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity, often only "the dot and / or line grid" is addressed instead of "the at least one dot and / or line grid", but it is understood that the presence of more than one dot and / or line grid is not should be excluded. The statements made then apply to at least one, preferably even all, dot and / or line grids of the security element.

In particular, in the case of a plurality of dot and / or line grids, the grid widths of the dot and / or line grids are all preferably selected such that they differ only slightly from the first screen pitch p, in particular by less than one fifth, and / or the first screen pitch p and / or the second screen width q are modulated in a location-dependent manner so that a movement effect is produced by the interaction of the relief frame and the respective dot and / or line grid when the security element is tilted. Is this the case Relief frames around a two-dimensional relief frame, which has a further screen pitch p 'in a second spatial direction next to the first screen pitch p. In the case of line screens, a second or further line screen may also have a screen width which differs from the further screen pitch p Grid width p 'only slightly, in particular differs by less than a fifth and / or is modulated so dependent on location, that caused by the interaction of relief grid and the respective line grid when tilting the security element, a movement effect. In the case of a two-dimensional dot raster, which has a further raster width q 'in a second spatial direction in addition to the first raster width q, the further raster width q' can differ only slightly from the further raster width p 'and / or one or both of the raster widths p'. , q 'can / may be modulated in a location-dependent manner so that a movement effect is created by the interaction of the relief frame and the dot matrix when tilting the security element.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the dot and / or line grid is formed as a line grid. Preferably, in this case, even all dot and / or line grids are formed as line grids.

The screen pitch p is advantageously even smaller than 400 microns, and is in an advantageous embodiment between 200 microns and 400 microns, in another advantageous embodiment between 60 microns and 200 microns. The second raster width q differs only slightly from the first raster width p, in particular by less than one fifth or even by less than one tenth, in particular by less than 15 μm. However, for other designs, for example for use in branded articles or in packaging printing, the screen pitch p can also be greater than 400 μm.

In the case of a line grid, the line grid advantageously has a multiplicity of lines whose width is preferably between 5 μm and 200 μm, but in any case is less than half the screen ruling q. Particularly preferably, the line width is between 45 .mu.m and 150 .mu.m and in particular between 50 .mu.m and 120 .mu.m.

The lines may be unmodulated, ie have a constant line width along their longitudinal extent. However, the line width can also change along the longitudinal extent of the lines, in particular increase, decrease, or can be modulated on one or two sides. The lines of the line grid can be present materially as positive, for example as printed or metallized lines, but they can also be material-free as a negative, ie as a recess in a surrounding material region, for example as linear recesses in a printed image or a metallization. The specified line widths refer to the widths of the material regions in the case of positive lines and to the widths of the recessed material-free regions in the case of negative lines. By changing the line width along the longitudinal extent of the lines, additional information may be coded in the security element. The movement effect can be enhanced by this additional information or even remain static, such as in the case of a recess in the ground.

The lines of a line grid can also contain recessed areas, which are formed in particular in the form of patterns, characters or an encoding. The recessed areas are preferably arranged in the form of a grid which has a grid width in a spatial direction which does not differ from a grid width of the relief grid, or only slightly, in particular by less than one fifth.

In the case of a dot matrix, the raster elements (dots) of the dot raster can have any shape and be designed in particular in the form of patterns, characters or a coding. In particular, the raster elements themselves can consist of several points, for example of different color, or be resolved into such points.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one line grid is a printing line grid, which is preferably formed at least in a partial area from a plurality of substantially parallel printing lines with a spacing q. The subarea may be in the form of a pattern, a character or an encoding. However, the printing line grid can also be formed entirely from parallel printing lines. The printing lines may in particular be printed with a translucent color in order to ensure a partial transparency of the line screen.

The printing line grid or lines are advantageously separated by a spacer layer from the relief frame, wherein the spacer layer preferably contains an embossing lacquer layer into which the relief elements of the relief grid are embossed. The embossing lacquer layer is expediently transparent, clear or transparent in color. The spacer layer can in particular be formed only by the embossing lacquer layer, or can also be formed by a foil with an embossing lacquer layer present thereon.

The relief elements of the relief grid are advantageously provided with a reflection-enhancing coating, in particular a metallization. The color impression of the metallization is preferably in Substantially metallic silvery, such as in a metallization of aluminum or silver, but it is also the use of colored metals, such as copper or gold into consideration. The coating can be opaque, but also semitransparent or even largely translucent, and then for example consist of a high refractive index layer of HRI (High Refractive Index) materials, for example of TiO ₂ or ZnS. For the use of HRI materials a dark background is an advantage.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that at least one dot or line grid is formed by a reflection-increasing coating of the relief elements of the relief grid present in point or line raster form. In the case of a line grid, the line grid then contains alternating coated and uncoated lines, in the case of metallization therefore metallized and demetallized lines. The uncoated line areas reveal the layers or information below the reliefraster and therefore allow an intelligent combination of the relief grid with a background design. Such a substrate design can be formed, for example, by an offset printing layer or a non-print layer present on the substrate.

Advantageously, the relief grid is combined with a background layer underlying the reflection-enhancing coating, in particular a full-surface color layer. The background layer appears in the uncoated dot and / or line areas and thus provides a point and / or line grid perfectly matched to the relief grid with a coloration defined by the background layer. The background layer may also be multi-colored, representing a pattern or other motif, and may be printed or applied by any other method. In addition, as an alternative or in addition to the background layer, the relief frame may be combined with a colored transparent or translucent layer lying above the reflection-enhancing coating, which layer appears in particular in the uncoated dot and / or line areas. The coloring of the dot and / or line grid produced in this way to form the relief grid is defined by the coloration of the transparent or translucent layer. In a preferred embodiment, the colored transparent layer is formed by the embossing lacquer layer. A colored embossing lacquer can determine the color of the security element or change it in the area of the embossing lacquer. Spot varnishing with two differently colored or colorless embossing lacquers is also possible. For example, the embossing lacquer may be dyed yellow in a first partial area and colorless in a second partial area. If such an embossing lacquer layer is combined with a blue background, a first greenish subarea (combination blue + yellow) and a second blue subarea (combination blue + colorless) result in the security element in perfect register.

The small vertical distance of the relief frame and dot and / or line grid represents a significant advantage of security elements according to the invention. Since the movement effect is caused by a moiré effect between two similar screens, in the present case the relief grid and the dot and / or line grid, then For example, with focusing lens or mirror assemblies, no minimum distance between the two grids are maintained. The vertical distance of the relief frame and dot or line grid is therefore advantageously less than one-fifth, in particular even less than one-tenth of the screen pitch p, and is usually below 20 .mu.m, sometimes even below 10 .mu.m or even below 5 .mu.m. In extreme cases, the vertical distance may even be equal to zero, namely, if the dot and / or line grid is formed in the reflection-enhancing coating of the relief grid and is therefore arranged thereon directly and without a gap.

In an advantageous variant of the invention, the relief grid is a one-dimensional grid of a plurality of elongate grid elements, which has the said screen pitch p. The raster elements are advantageously formed in each case from at least two line-like, directed in different directions reflective relief elements. In particular, the raster elements are each formed from a multiplicity of line-type micromirrors, from a cylindrical Fresnel mirror structure or from other, preferably achromatically reflective, diffractive structures.

In another variant of the invention, which is likewise advantageous, the relief frame is a two-dimensional grid composed of a plurality of raster elements which has said raster width p in a first spatial direction. As a two-dimensional raster, the relief raster has, in addition to the first raster width p, a further raster width p 'in a second spatial direction, which is not necessarily, but advantageously also below 500 μm, in particular below 400 μm. In an advantageous embodiment, the first screen pitch p and the further screen pitch p 'are the same, so that the screen elements can be square or spherical. However, the first screen pitch p and the further screen pitch p 'can also differ, preferably by a factor between 1.5 and 5, and form a screen with rectangular or elliptical screen elements.

The raster elements of a two-dimensional raster are advantageously formed from at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, each directed in different directions reflecting relief elements and in particular each of an array of a plurality of circular or elliptical micromirrors, a spherical or elliptical Fresnel Mirror structure or other, preferably achromatisch reflective diffractive structures formed. In particular, the relief elements themselves can be arranged in grid form within a raster element, for example n × m relief elements (n, m whole numbers ≥ 2) in the form of an n × m raster.

Advantageously, the grid elements are each formed of a plurality of relief elements directed in different directions, in particular in a one-dimensional grid of at least 10 line-like, directed in different directions reflecting relief elements, and in a two-dimensional grid of at least 10 × 10, directed in different directions reflective relief elements.

The reflective relief elements have, in particular, one or more reflection surfaces, which may be planar or curved, the relief elements in the former case typically being referred to as micromirrors, while in the latter case they typically form a zone of a Fresnel mirror structure. The reflective relief elements of each raster element are advantageously arranged and designed such that the raster element generates the reflection behavior of a concave or convex curvature. For this purpose, the individual relief elements, for example, with increasing or decreasing slope of their reflection surface (s) are arranged side by side, so that they each locally simulate the slope of a concave or convex curvature. In two-dimensional relief grids, the slopes of the reflection surfaces in two spatial directions can simulate a concave or convex curvature. Alternatively, the slopes of the reflection surfaces simulate a concave or convex curvature only in one spatial direction, while they are oriented randomly or randomly in the other spatial direction.

The raster elements of the relief raster can all be of the same design, that is, they can all be formed with the same arrangement of relief elements. Alternatively, the relief frame can also contain two or more different raster elements, which preferably produce different movement effects when the security element is tilted. For example, the relief frame may include first raster elements that produce the reflection behavior of a concave curvature and second raster elements that generate the reflection behavior of a convex curvature. The lines generated by the first and second raster elements then move in opposite directions due to the different curvature when tilting the security element. As a result, the lines of a moiré line pattern generated in interaction with a dot and / or line grid also travel in opposite directions.

The relief frame can occupy the entire surface of the security element, but can also be present only in subregions of the security element, in particular in the form of patterns, characters or a coding.

The dot and / or line grid advantageously comprises a multiplicity of parallel lines that run essentially perpendicular to the first spatial direction. The lines of further line grids can likewise run essentially vertically, but also essentially parallel to the first spatial direction.

As already mentioned above, two or more point and / or line grids arranged vertically above or below the relieving frame may also be provided in the security element. The directions above or below refer to the direction to the viewer. An element closer to the observer lies "above" an element further away, this correspondingly "below" the former element. If a plurality of dot and / or line grids are provided, at least one dot and / or line grid is advantageously arranged above the relief grid. The plurality of dot and / or line grids can all also be arranged above the relief frame and are in particular matched to one another. Several dot and / or line grids are advantageously in different, especially contrasting colors. They can be present in almost congruent areas, in partially overlapping areas or even in separate areas.

In another advantageous embodiment, at least one dot and / or line grid is arranged above and at least one dot and / or line grid under the relief grid. Thus, two-sided security elements can be realized, which can be viewed from two opposite sides and each show a movement effect. Such two-sided security elements can for example be introduced in the form of a pendulum security thread in a data carrier or arranged over a window area or a hole of a data carrier.

In advantageous embodiments, either the first screen pitch p is fixed and the second screen pitch q modulated location-dependent, or it is the second grid q fixed and the first raster p modulated location-dependent.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the first and / or second raster width is modulated in a location-dependent manner by virtue of the positions of the raster elements of the relief raster or of the dot and / or line raster being given by a phase function φ (x, y) which differs from the position (x, y) of the raster element in the security element and whose function value indicates the deviation of the position of the raster element in a spatial direction from the position of a raster point in a regular raster normalized to the unit interval [0, 1], and wherein the phase function φ (x, y) varies depending on location so that when tilting the security element, a movement effect, in particular a pumping or rotation effect arises.

In an advantageous embodiment, the phase function φ (x, y) depends directly, in particular linearly on the angle between the position (x, y) of the raster element and a fixed reference point (x ₀ , y ₀ ) of the security element, so that when tilting the security element a rotation effect arises around the reference point (x ₀ , y ₀ ). The phase function is preferred in this case φ (x, y) = mod ((α + k · arg ((x-x ₀ ) + i (y -y ₀ )) / (2π), 1) given with an integer k ≠ 0 and an offset angle α, where mod (x, y) represents the modulo function and arg (z) the argument of a complex number. In the case of a line grid, when viewed, the visual impression of a windmill structure rotating with tilting around the reference point with | k | Wings generated, wherein the sign of k describes the sense of rotation of the wings when tilting.

Further concrete examples of advantageously usable phase functions as well as further details on phase functions can be found in the document WO 2016/020066 A2 are removed, the disclosure content of which is included in the present application in this respect.

In particular, different motion effects or 3D effects can be achieved with different phase functions. In this case, both the first raster width, that is to say a raster width of the relief raster, and the second raster width, that is to say a raster width of the dot and / or line raster, can be modulated in a location-dependent manner in accordance with the phase function. Assuming, for example, as a security element of a film strip containing a relief frame and glued on a banknote and overprinted to generate a movement effect with a dot and / or line grid in offset printing, there are in particular the following possibilities: M1) The Relieffraster on the Film strip is regular and the printed grid is modulated according to a phase function depending on location, or M2) the relief grid on the film strip is modulated according to the phase function depending on location and the printed grid is regular.

In practice, both variants can be advantageous. In a first embodiment, for example, a movement effect should result above the film strip, in which a bar pattern ( 1 ) in the forward and backward tilt on the left or right half of the strip opposite runs up or down. If, for example, there are tolerances of ± 2 mm between the position of the foil strip and the printed image and if the printing pattern is adjusted according to the phase function, the boundary between the bars moving in the opposite direction on the foil will travel up to 2 mm from the center of the sheet due to these tolerances Film strip (to the left or right) f, which can already be noticeable. If, on the other hand, the reliefraster on the film is modulated locally in accordance with the phase function, the motion effect remains in the middle of the stripe even if the printed image emigrates to the left or right relative to the stripe. For this design, therefore, a regular pressure grid and a correspondingly the phase function modulated reliefraster is advantageous.

In a second embodiment, for example, it may be desired for a bar pattern to run counterclockwise on the upper or lower half of the strip to the left or right when tilting back and forth. If you were to modulate the Reliefraster according to the phase function and regularly arrange the print grid, so would the tolerances of the positioning of print and film, the boundary between the in different directions (left and right) running beam (in the vertical direction) within the overprinted area run up or down. In this embodiment, it is therefore advantageous to work with a regular relief frame and to modulate the print grid locally according to the phase function. The transition between the differently moving beams in the vertical direction is then always independent of the tolerances of the positioning of both rasters exactly in the middle of the overprinted area.

In some applications, it may also be advantageous to provide a location-dependent modulation by a phase function for both rasters. The desired overall modulation φ (x, y) is hereby decomposed into two phase functions φ _R (x, y) for the reliefr frame and φ _D (x, y) for the print grid, so that φ (x, y) = φ _R (x , y) + φ _D (x, y) holds. In this case, the tolerances of the positioning particularly critical, but also lead to particularly forgery-proof security elements. Assume, for example, that the security elements described herein are for banknotes of various denominations, such as 10 (10's) and 100 (100's), and assume that a counterfeiter is familiar with the technology disclosed herein and has the associated printing technology, Thus, in the case where both grids are completely regular, the counterfeiter could in principle remove the printed screen from the security element of a 10-inch and produce a security element of a 100-mer by executing the invention from the security element of the 10-er. In contrast, if the two rasters are modulated with different phase functions, the counterfeiter would also need to know the phase function of the relief raster in order to generate a suitable print raster. A simple acquisition is not possible even with knowledge of the invention.

The security element is advantageously a security thread, in particular a window security thread or a pendulum security thread, a tear thread, a security tape, a security strip, a patch or a label for application to a security paper, document of value or the like.

The invention also includes a data carrier with a security element of the type described, wherein in a preferred embodiment, at least one line grid of the security element in subregions covers the reliefraster and extends in subregions outside the reliefraster on the data carrier provided with the security element. The security element is thus secured on the data medium and integrated into its design. A possible manipulation or even removal and transfer of the security element to another medium is not readily possible because of the required registration of said subregions. The part of the line grid extending outside the reliefraster on the data carrier acts with advantage like a halftone surface.

In an advantageous embodiment, the security element is arranged over a window area or a continuous opening of the data carrier. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous in the two-sided designs described in which a direct-view movement effect and another motion effect are visible as viewed through the window area or through-hole.

The data carrier may in particular be a value document, such as a banknote, in particular a paper banknote, a polymer banknote or a film composite banknote, a share, a bond, a certificate, a coupon, a check, a high-quality admission ticket, but also an identity card such as a credit card, a bank card, a cash card, an entitlement card, an identity card, or a pass personalization page. The data carrier can also be a decorative article, such as a packaging, a fan article or a clothing label, or even a leaflet for medicines. If the data carrier is a film element, this can also be a packaging film which encloses a further packaging.

• – ein ein- oder zweidimensionales Reliefraster aus einer Mehrzahl von Rasterelementen und zumindest ein Punkt- und/oder Linienraster vertikal übereinander angeordnet werden, wobei
• – das Reliefraster mit einer ersten Rasterweite p unterhalb von 500 μm in zumindest einer Raumrichtung ausgebildet wird,
• – die Rasterelemente des Reliefrasters jeweils aus zumindest zwei, in unterschiedliche Richtungen gerichtet reflektierenden Reliefelementen gebildet werden,
• – das zumindest eine Punkt- und/oder Linienraster in der genannten Raumrichtung mit einer zweiten Rasterweite q ausgebildet wird, wobei sich die zweite Rasterweite q von der ersten Rasterweite p nur geringfügig, insbesondere um weniger als ein Fünftel unterscheidet, und/oder die erste Rasterweite p und/oder die zweite Rasterweite q ortsabhängig moduliert sind, so dass durch das Zusammenwirken von Reliefraster und Linienraster beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements ein Bewegungseffekt entsteht,
• – und wobei der vertikale Abstand von Reliefraster und Punkt- und/oder Linienraster weniger als die halbe Rasterweite p beträgt.

The invention further includes a method for producing an optically variable security element of the type described above, in which

• - A one or two-dimensional Reliefraster of a plurality of grid elements and at least one point and / or line grid are arranged vertically one above the other, wherein
• The relief frame is formed with a first screen pitch p below 500 μm in at least one spatial direction,
• The raster elements of the relief raster are each formed from at least two relief elements which are directed in different directions,
• - The at least one dot and / or line grid in said spatial direction is formed with a second grid q, wherein the second grid q differs only slightly from the first grid p, in particular by less than one fifth, and / or the first grid p and / or the second screen ruling q are modulated in a location-dependent manner so that a movement effect is produced by the interaction of the relief raster and the line screen when the security element is tilted,
• - And wherein the vertical distance of Relieffraster and point and / or line grid is less than half the screen width p.

To produce the relief raster, an embossing lacquer layer is advantageously applied to a carrier foil, embossed with a desired relief structure and provided with a reflection-enhancing coating, in particular a metallization. In advantageous embodiments, the reflection-increasing coating is applied in the form of a dot and / or line grid, particularly preferably in the form of a line grid, or it is applied over the entire area and then removed again in partial areas to form a reflection-enhancing coating in the form of a dot and / or line grid. particularly preferably in the form of a line grid.

The Reliefraster is in an advantageous process management with an adhesive layer on a desired medium, such as a Banknote applied. The adhesive layer can be transparent, in particular transparent or transparent, especially in the case of two-sided security elements. The carrier film may remain in the layer structure, but is removed in advantageous designs after application in order to keep the thickness of the security element low.

If the relief grid is combined with one or more printing screens (dot and / or line screens), the printing screens are advantageously applied in offset printing, in indirect offset printing, in flexographic printing or in steel engraving. A printing screen can be applied in particular to the front and / or rear side of the security element in super-giant printing. In an advantageous variant, the print patterns are printed after the transfer of the relief raster on a data carrier and optionally the removal of the carrier film. In other advantageous embodiments, the security element is completed as a film element with relief grid and print grid and applied as a finished security element on a disk or, as in the case of a window or pendulum security thread, embedded in a disk.

The said movement effect can in particular show moving lines or bars, even with several, in opposite directions moving line or bar patterns. The movements may, but need not be rectilinear, but may, for example, be curved and interlaced with multiple line or bar patterns. As further movement effects, for example, pumping and rotation effects come into consideration. All movement effects are preferably colored, in particular multicolored.

Because of their small thickness, security elements according to the invention are particularly suitable for application to banknotes and other value documents. To produce the Reliefrasters can advantageously be used a film element containing embossed micromirror. This makes it possible to achieve a significantly higher brilliance than conventional micromirrors produced in steel engraving. The use of small relief elements also allows a high resolution of the relief grid. Furthermore, the orientation of the relief elements can have a great influence on the appearance and the viewing angles, and good registration between the moiré-effect area and any further authenticity features of the security element is possible.

Further exemplary embodiments and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the representation of which a representation true to scale and proportion has been dispensed with in order to increase the clarity.

Show it:

1 a schematic representation of a banknote with an optically variable security element according to the invention,

2 a security element according to the invention in cross-section,

3 to explain the emergence of the fine line grid in (a) only the reliefraster of the security element of 2 , and in (b) the visual appearance of the relief grid of (a),

4 a security element according to another embodiment of the invention in cross-section,

5 a security element according to a further embodiment of the invention in cross-section,

6 in (a) a plan view of the relief frame of a security element according to the invention, and in (b) a plan view of the complete security element, in which the relief frame of (a) is combined with two printing line screens,

7 in (a) and (b) supervision as in 6 for a security element with a two-dimensional relief grid,

8th in (a) and (b) supervision as in 6 and 7 for a security element with a two-dimensional relief frame with two different screen rulings,

9 . 10 Supervision like in 6 (b) . 7 (b) and 8 (b) for security elements according to further embodiments of the invention, and

11 a security element according to a further embodiment in cross section.

The invention will now be explained using the example of security elements for banknotes. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10 that with an optically variable security element according to the invention 11 is provided. The security element 11 includes a film strip applied to the banknote substrate 12 in a subarea 13 is provided with a Reliefraster with a plurality of directionally reflecting relief elements.

The subarea 13 is also with a pressure line grid 14 overprinted, which is on both sides of the film strip 12 over the subarea 13 continues onto the banknote paper. The designs and the grid widths of the relief grid and of the printing line grid 14 are coordinated in the manner described in more detail below so that in the overlap area 13 due to a moiré effect when tilting the banknote 10 a (for example colored) movement effect arises. For example, in the overlap area 13 several colored bars 15 . 16 be visible when tilting forwards and backwards the banknote 10 to run down or up.

The construction of a security element according to the invention and the occurrence of the striking colored movement effect will now be described with reference to FIGS 2 and 3 explained in more detail.

2 shows a security element according to the invention 20 in cross section. The security element 20 is by means of an adhesive layer 22 on a banknote substrate 10 arranged and contains an embossing lacquer layer 24 into which a relief frame 30 is embossed, which before the application of the adhesive layer 22 with a metallization 32 , For example, was made of aluminum or silver.

The relief frame 30 itself consists of a plurality of adjoining elongate raster elements 34 whose longitudinal axis is in the representation of 2 extends into the plane of the drawing. Each grid element 34 consists of several parallel, line-like micromirrors 36 whose mirror slope is in the figure from the left edge of the grid elements 34 to the right edge changes almost continuously from a first, negative slope to a second, positive slope. For example, the pitch of a micromirror 36 each proportional to the signed distance x of the micromirror 36 from the center line 34-M a raster element 34 be so the micromirror 36 a raster element 34 simulate the reflection behavior of a parabolic concave mirror.

The dimension of the grid elements 34 in the transverse direction, which at the same time the grid width p of the relief grid 30 represents, in the embodiment p = 200 microns, the width of the individual micromirrors 36 is about 22 microns. The dimension of the grid elements 34 and the micromirror 36 in the longitudinal direction, ie in the plane of the paper 2 in, is several millimeters or even centimeters, so it is much larger than the screen width p. The width of the grid elements 34 and in particular the micromirror 36 on the other hand lies below the resolution limit of the human eye, so that the raster elements 34 and especially the micromirrors 36 can not be resolved (or only slightly) with the naked eye itself.

Nevertheless arises when looking at the metallized reliefraster 30 for a viewer a fine line grid, as with respect to 3 explained in more detail, wherein 3 (a) only the relief grid of the security element 20 and 3 (b) shows the visual appearance of the relief grid of (a). For example, if light falls 40 vertically from above onto the relief frame 30 a, like in 3 (a) shown is so for a viewer 42 the reflection condition "angle of incidence equals angle of reflection" for a micromirror only 36-B a raster element 34 Fulfills.

In the in 3 (b) shown supervision 44 this line-shaped micromirror appears 36-B therefore as a bright, fine line 46 while the areas occupied by the other micromirrors 48 the incoming light 40 reflect in other spatial directions and therefore for the viewer 42 appear dark. Since the grid elements 34 and with it the micromirrors 36-B repeat the same orientation at a distance of the screen pitch p, indicates the resulting fine line grid 46 also a screen pitch p.

Will the Relieffraster 30 of the 3 from left to right (ie, one parallel to the longitudinal direction of the micromirror and thus into the plane of the paper 3 (a) tilted into it), the position of that micromirror moves 36 , for which the reflection condition is met, to the right, so that also the lines 46 the fine line grid in the supervision 44 for the viewer 42 hike to the right. When tilting to the left, the reverse effect of movement results accordingly.

Coming back to the presentation of the 2 contains the security element 20 in addition to the aforementioned relief frame 30 a printed layer in the form of a grid 50 parallel spaced pressure lines 52 with a grid q, which is on the the relief grid 30 opposite surface of the embossing lacquer layer 24 are printed with a translucent printing ink. The printing lines 52 are essentially parallel to the linear micromirrors 36 aligned and the two grids are coordinated so that the second screen r only slightly different from the first screen size p. In the exemplary embodiment, the second raster width q is smaller by 10% than the first raster width p, that is to say is q = 180 ° μm.

Due to the slightly different grid widths of the parallel grid of the printing lines 52 and the micromirror 36 results in the interaction of a moiré effect, in which for the viewer a much coarser moire line pattern 15 . 16 ( 1 ) becomes visible. With the difference of the two screen rulings chosen here of 10%, the result is a moiré magnification factor of about 10, that is, the moiré line pattern 15 . 16 has about 10 times the grid width, in this case about 1.8 mm.

Because the bright lines of the fine line grid 46 when tilting the banknote 10 running down or up, the moiré line pattern also moves 15 . 16 corresponding. Move the fine lines 46 by a whole period length, here by p = 200 μm, so move the bars 15 the moiré line pattern also by one period length, ie by 1.8 mm. The microscopic and with the naked eye barely visible movement effect of the line grid 46 is thus enhanced by the moiré effect to a movement easily perceptible to the viewer.

To a small thickness of the security element 20 to reach is the grid 50 the printing lines 52 with a small vertical distance h above the relief grid 30 arranged. In the exemplary embodiment, the vertical distance h is, for example, only about 10 .mu.m, so only one twentieth of the screen pitch p.

By using a translucent, for example red color for the printing line grid 52 is also achieved that the moire line pattern 15 . 16 alternately consists of red and white (light) lines.

Overall, in the manner described, an optically variable security element with a one-dimensional relief frame consisting of a plurality of raster elements, each of which is formed from a plurality of linear mirrors directed in different directions, is formed. The relief frame is combined with a printed grid arranged above the relief frame, and when tilted, it shows a particular colored movement effect based on a moiré effect. Because of its small thickness, the security element described is particularly well suited for application to banknotes and other value documents.

The described relief frame 30 from micromirrors 36 can be provided particularly advantageous in the form of a film element, wherein the micromirror 36 in an embossing lacquer applied to a carrier foil 24 , For example, a radiation-curing or thermoplastic paint molded and with a reflection-enhancing coating, such as an aluminum metallization 32 are provided. By using a foil with embossed micromirrors, a particularly high brilliance of the reflecting surfaces and thus the optically variable, colored movement effect is achieved.

The film element can be applied to a bank note substrate and the carrier film can be removed again after the application to reduce the thickness, so that on the banknote 10 then essentially the embossing lacquer layer 24 , the metallization 32 and the adhesive layer 22 present, as in 2 shown. In practice, further layers which are not essential to the invention may be provided here, such as a protective lacquer layer, ink-accepting layer or primer layer.

About this layer sequence is then in the manner described above, the grid 50 the printing lines 52 printed to the complete security element 20 to obtain.

The grid of printing lines 50 . 14 can be over the edge of the relief grid 30 or the foil strip 12 continue as in 1 shown. As a result, on the one hand, the movement effect is visually particularly well integrated into the banknote design, on the other hand, the security against counterfeiting is increased since a foil strip detached from a banknote 12 accurate registration on a fake note would have to be the registration of foil strips 12 and printing line grid 14 to preserve. Visually arises in such a design in the overlap area 13 a colored motion effect while the print line grid 14 outside the overlap area 13 because of the small line spacing of the printing lines (q = 180 microns) essentially acts as a homogeneous halftone surface.

In the embodiment of the 2 are all grid elements 34 similarly formed, wherein each grid element 34 the slopes of the micromirrors 36 are chosen so that the grid element 34 simulates the reflection behavior of a parabolic concave mirror. It is also possible in a relief frame 30 to have two or more different raster elements. For example, the embodiment of the 4 a security element 60 , which is basically the case 2 described structure follows, but in which not only first raster elements 34 are provided, which simulate the reflection behavior of a parabolic concave mirror, but also second raster elements 62 , which simulate the reflection behavior of a parabolic camber mirror, as on the left edge of the image 4 shown.

Opposite the raster elements 34 is the slope of the micromirrors 36 at the second raster elements 62 inverted, that is from the left edge to the right edge of a first, positive slope to a second, negative slope. In the places where instead of the first raster elements 34 second raster elements 62 are provided, changes in the bright line grid on the one hand, the position of the fine lines generated 46 , on the other hand, those of the vault mirror-like raster elements 62 generated lines from those of the hollow mirror-like raster elements 34 lines generated an inverted motion behavior, since the sequence of mirror slopes is just inverted. For example, the of mirror-like raster elements 62 generated lines when tilting the security element in a direction upwards, while those of the hollow mirror-like raster elements 34 generated lines run down at the same time. The movements may also be curved and intertwined, such as within bands in the form of a cord or a double helix.

It is also possible to provide more than one line grid arranged above the relief raster. 5 shows a security element 54 , which is basically the case 2 described construction follows, but in which two pressure line grid with parallel printing lines 52 . 56 are provided. Here are the printing lines 56 For example, with green glazing color register accurate between the red glazed printing lines 52 printed. In the colored motion effect of the security element 54 then shows a pattern of migratory alternating red and green bars. Such register-accurate printing is just possible with small screen widths q of about 100 microns in banknote printing easily, but for a potential counterfeiter very difficult to readjust.

In addition to extending a single motion effect to another color, another line grid can also create a second, different motion effect. Thus, for example, a first, for example, red printing line screen having a screen width q ₁ , which is slightly larger than the first screen pitch p, while a second, for example, green printing line grid has a screen width q ₂ , which is slightly smaller than the first screen pitch p. When the security element is tilted, the red and green bars resulting from the moiré effect then move in opposite directions. In the case of a two-sided security element, a further movement effect can also be generated on the opposite side of the relief raster and be visible from this side.

In the embodiments described so far, the raster elements each consisted of line-like micromirrors. However, it is also possible that the raster elements are formed by corresponding Fresnel mirror structures, ie by Fresnel lenses or Fresnellinsenabschnitte, which are provided with a reflection-enhancing coating. The Fresnel mirror structures can correspond to both a concave and a convex curvature, or represent a mixed form of concave and convex portions.

For illustration shows 6 (a) a view of the reliefraster 70 a security element according to the invention, which consists of a plurality of adjoining elongate raster elements 72 exists in the presentation of the 6 (a) extend from left to right and connect from top to bottom. Each grid element 72 forms a cylindrical Fresnel mirror structure, which corresponds to a concave curvature of a cylindrical Fresnel diverging lens and is provided for example with a reflective aluminum metallization. The individual relief elements 74 are not in this embodiment by linear micromirror 36 as in 2 , but formed by the coated line-shaped zones of the Fresnel diverging lens and therefore generally have curved reflecting surfaces.

6 (b) shows a view of the full security element 80 in which the relief frame 70 of the 6 (a) with two printing line screens with printing lines 82 . 84 different color is combined. Again, there is a moiré effect through the interaction of Reliefrasters 70 and the grid of the printing lines 82 . 84 through which the viewer sees a colored movement effect with two differently colored bars, which arise when tilting the security element 80 Move up and down against a light background.

In the modification of 7 the relief grid is not one-dimensional, but two-dimensional. 7 (a) shows a view only on the reliefraster 90 of the security element 100 and 7 (b) a view of the complete security element 100 , The two-dimensional relief frame 90 consists of a plurality of adjacent in both spatial directions grid elements 92 , wherein the screen widths p ₁ , p ₂ are the same in the two spatial directions in the embodiment shown and both are for example 200 microns. Each grid element 92 Forms a spherical Fresnel mirror structure, which corresponds to a concave curvature of a spherical Fresnel diverging lens and is provided, for example with a reflective aluminum metallization. The individual relief elements 94 are formed in this embodiment by the coated annular zones of the Fresnel diverging lens and have curved reflecting surfaces.

For the complete security element 100 is the relief grid 90 of the 7 (a) with two printing line screens with printing lines 82 . 84 different color combined. Even in the case of a two-dimensional relief raster, a moiré effect results from the interaction of the relief raster 90 and the grid of the printing lines 82 . 84 through which the viewer sees a colored movement effect with two differently colored bars, which arise when tilting the security element 100 Move up and down against a light background.

In the embodiment of 7 comes from the two grid sizes p ₁ , p ₂ due to the orientation of the printing lines 82 . 84 in the x direction in the moiré effect only the screen width p ₂ to bear. In other configurations, however, the printing lines can also be oriented in the y direction, or a first printing line grid contains printing lines in the x direction and a second printing line grid contains printing lines in the y direction, so that both grid widths of the relief grid come to fruition.

In the embodiment of the 8th is the Reliefraster two-dimensional with two different grid sizes p ₁ and p ₂ in the x and y directions. 8 (a) shows a view only on the reliefraster 110 of the security element 120 and 8 (b) shows a view of the full security element 120 , The two-dimensional relief frame 110 consists of a plurality of adjacent in both spatial directions grid elements 112 , wherein the grid sizes p ₁ , p ₂ are different in the two spatial directions and, for example, p ₁ = 300 microns and p ₂ = 150 microns. Each grid element 112 forms an elliptical Fresnel mirror structure which corresponds to a convex curvature of an elliptical Fresnel condenser lens and is provided, for example, with a reflective aluminum metallization. The individual relief elements 114 are formed in this embodiment by the coated annular zones of the Fresnel diverging lens and have curved reflecting surfaces.

For the complete security element 120 is the relief grid 110 of the 8 (a) with two printing line screens with printing lines 122 . 124 different color and orientation combined. The printing lines 122 of the first printing line screen are parallel to the y-direction and have a screen ruling q ₁ , which differs only slightly from the screen pitch p ₁ . The printing lines 124 of the second printing line screen are parallel to the x direction and have a screen ruling q ₂ , which differs only slightly from the screen pitch p ₂ . Depending on the specific choice of screen widths q ₁ , q ₂ in relation to screen widths p ₁ , p ₂ , various motion effects can be generated, for example, the moiré line screen when tilting the security element from right to left and tilting from top to bottom moved down at different speeds.

9 shows another embodiment of the invention, in which the reliefraster 110 of the security element 140 as related to 8th is formed described. The relief frame 110 is with a print dot matrix 142 combined, its halftone dots 144 in the embodiment, each in the form of the euro symbol (€) are formed. The dot matrix 142 is like the relief frame 110 two-dimensional and has two different screen widths q ₁ and q ₂ in the x and y directions. The raster width q ₁ differs only slightly from the raster width p ₁ and the raster width q ₂ differs only slightly from the raster width p ₂ . Depending on the specific choice of the grid widths q ₁ , q ₂ in relation to the grid widths p ₁ , p ₂ , different motion effects can be generated, for example, the moire magnified € symbols when tilting the security element from right to left and tilting moving from top to bottom at different speeds.

The embodiment of 10 is a modification of the embodiments of 7 and 8th , First, the relief grid 110 of the security element 150 again as related to 8th already described trained. The relief frame 110 is similar to the embodiment of the 7 with two printing line screens with printing lines 152 . 154 different color combined. The grid of the printing lines 152 . 152 have in the y-direction in each case a grid size q ₂ , which differs only slightly from the grid size p _{2 of} the relief grid.

In contrast to the design of the 7 show the pressure lines 152 . 154 however, additional recessed areas 156 respectively. 158 on, which are designed in the form of a € symbol. The recessed areas 156 respectively. 158 are arranged in the x-direction with a grid size q ₁ , which differs at most slightly from the grid size _{pi of} the relief raster. Due to the interaction of the two-dimensional relief grid 110 , the grid of the printing lines 152 . 154 and the grid of recesses 156 . 158 In the printing lines, the observer has a colored movement effect with two differently colored bars, which show moire-enlarged cutouts in the form of the € symbol. The beams move together with the notches when tilting the security element 150 up and down against a light background. By suitably adjusting the grid widths p ₁ and q _1, it is also possible to achieve that the moiré-enlarged recesses seem to shift from right to left within the bars when the security element is tilted.

11 shows a security element 130 according to another embodiment of the invention in cross section. The security element 130 includes one on the banknote substrate 10 arranged full-surface print layer 138 For example, a red color layer, a transparent hot-melt adhesive layer 22 and an embossing lacquer layer 24 into which a relief frame 30 is imprinted, which with a in the form of a line grid 132 applied metallization is provided.

The relief frame 30 consists of a plurality of adjoining elongate grid elements 34 , for example, of several linear micromirrors as in the embodiment of the 2 , or from a cylindrical Fresnel mirror structure as in the embodiment of 6 can exist. The relief frame 30 has a first screen pitch p below 500 μm.

That's right on the reliefraster 30 present line grid 132 consists of alternating metallic lines 134 and demetallized lines 136 , and has a second screen width q, which differs only slightly from the first screen pitch p, for example by 5%. In this embodiment, the line grid is located 132 the metallic lines 134 and demetallized lines 136 directly on the reliefraster 30 before, so that the vertical distance from Relieffraster 30 and line grid 132 is equal to zero.

The line grid 132 For example, by full-surface metallization of the embossed embossing lacquer layer 24 and subsequent areawise demetallization can be generated by a suitable demetallization process, for example by the document WO 99/13157 A1 known washing method. As with the printed line grids, the relief grid 30 can also be combined with several metallic line grids, which can also have different screen rulings and / or different line orientation.

When considering the security element 130 is in the demetallized line areas 136 the view of the red print layer 138 released, so that they appear as red lines. In interaction with that of the metallized line areas 134 The grid of red lines generates a moiré effect and an enlarged moiré line pattern, as already described in principle above.

Because the print layer 138 especially in the demetallized line areas 136 appears in a perfect register between the visible there red lines and the metallic lines 134 ,

The print layer 138 can also be multicolored and so in different parts of the security element 130 create different colored motion effects.

Alternatively or in addition to the print layer 138 can also the embossing lacquer layer 24 itself be transparently colored or it may be one on the embossing lacquer layer 24 arranged full-surface printing layer, for example, a transparent or translucent (translucent) color layer may be provided to produce a colored line grid. This is how the colored embossing lacquer layer appears 24 or on the embossing lacquer layer 24 arranged colored print layer especially in the demetallisierten line areas 136 as colored lines in appearance.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

bill

11

security element

12

film strips

13

subregion

14

Pressure line screen

15, 16

colored bars

20

security element

22

adhesive layer

24

Embossing lacquer layer

30

relief grid

32

metallization

34

raster elements

34-M

Centerline of a raster element

36, 36-B

micromirror

40

light

42

observer

44

At sight

46

fine lines

48

other areas

50

grid

52

pressure lines

54

security element

56

pressure lines

60

security element

62

second raster elements

70

relief grid

72

raster elements

74

relief elements

80

security element

82, 84

pressure lines

90

relief grid

92

raster elements

94

relief elements

100

security element

110

relief grid

112

raster elements

114

relief elements

120

security element

122, 124

pressure lines

130

security element

132

line screen

134

metallic lines

136

demetallized lines

138

print layer

140

security element

142

Pressure point grid

144

dots

150

security element

152, 154

pressure lines

156, 158

recessed areas

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2016/020066 A2 [0036]
• WO 99/13157 A1 [0100]

Claims (23)

Optically variable security element for safeguarding valuables, with A one-dimensional or two-dimensional relief frame comprising a plurality of raster elements which has a first screen pitch p below 500 μm in at least one spatial direction, and in which the screen elements are each formed from at least two relief elements which are directed in different directions, and - With at least one dot and / or line grid, which is arranged vertically above or below the Reliefraster, and in said spatial direction has a second grid q, wherein the second grid q of the first grid width p only slightly, in particular by less than one fifth differentiates, and / or the first screen pitch p and / or the second grid q are modulated location-dependent, so that by the interaction of the relief grid and the dot and / or line grid when tilting the security element creates a movement effect, - And wherein the vertical distance of Relieffraster and point and / or line grid is less than half the screen width p. Security element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one, preferably all of the dot and / or line grids are formed as a line grid. A security element according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one line grid is a printing line grid, which is preferably formed at least in a partial area of a plurality of substantially parallel printing lines with a distance q. A security element according to claim 3, characterized in that the printing line grid is separated by a spacer layer of the relief grid, wherein the spacer layer advantageously includes an embossing lacquer layer, in which the relief elements of the reliefraster are embossed. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the relief elements of the relief grid are provided with a reflection-enhancing coating, in particular a metallization. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one dot and / or line grid is formed by a present in point and / or line grid form reflection-enhancing coating of the relief elements of the relief grid. A security element according to claim 6, characterized in that the reliefraster is combined with a background layer under the reflection-enhancing coating, in particular a full-surface color layer. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the vertical distance of the relief frame and line grid is less than one fifth, preferably less than one tenth of the screen pitch p, in particular less than 15 microns. A security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reliefraster is a one-dimensional grid of a plurality of elongate grid elements having the said screen pitch p, and wherein the grid elements each of at least two line-like, directed in different directions reflecting relief elements are formed. Security element according to claim 9, characterized in that the raster elements are each formed from a plurality of line-like micromirrors or from a cylindrical Fresnel mirror structure. A security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reliefraster is a two-dimensional grid of a plurality of grid elements, which in a first spatial direction has said screen pitch p, and in which preferably the grid elements each of at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, directed in different directions reflective relief elements are formed. A security element according to claim 11, characterized in that the raster elements are each formed from an array of a plurality of circular or elliptical micromirrors or a spherical or elliptical Fresnel mirror structure. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the raster elements are each formed of a plurality of directed in different directions reflecting relief elements, in particular in a one-dimensional grid of at least 10 line-like, directed in different directions reflective relief elements are formed, and are formed in a two-dimensional grid of at least 10 × 10 directed in different directions reflective relief elements. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the reflective relief elements of each raster element are arranged and designed so that the raster element generates the reflection behavior of a concave or convex curvature. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the raster elements are all of the same design. A security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the relief frame contains two or more different raster elements, which preferably produce different movement effects each time the security element is tilted. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the dot and / or line grid comprises a plurality of parallel lines which extend substantially perpendicular to the first spatial direction. A security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that two or more point and / or line grids arranged vertically above or below the relieving frame are provided, in particular that at least one dot and / or line grating overlay and at least one dot grating. and / or line grid is arranged under the Reliefraster. A security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the first screen pitch p is fixed and the second screen q is modulated location-dependent, or that the second screen q is fixed and the first screen pitch p is modulated location-dependent. A security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the first and / or second raster width is modulated in a location-dependent manner in that the positions of the raster elements of the relief raster or point and / or line raster are determined by a phase function φ (x, y ) which depends on the position (x, y) of the raster element in the security element and whose function value indicates the deviation of the position of the raster element from the position of a raster point in a regular raster normalized to the unit interval [0, 1], and wherein the phase function φ (x, y) varies in a location-dependent manner so that a movement effect, in particular a pumping or rotation effect, arises when tilting the security element. Security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the security element is a security thread, in particular a window security thread or a pendulum security thread, a security band, or a security strip. Data carrier with a security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 21, wherein preferably at least one line grid of the security element covers the relief frame in partial areas and extends in subregions outside the relic frame onto the data carrier provided with the security element. A method for producing an optically variable security element according to one of claims 1 to 21, in which - A one or two-dimensional relief grid of a plurality of grid elements and at least one point and / or line grid are arranged vertically one above the other, wherein The relief frame is formed with a first screen pitch p below 500 μm in at least one spatial direction, The raster elements of the relief raster are each formed from at least two relief elements which are directed in different directions, - The at least one dot and / or line grid in said spatial direction is formed with a second grid q, wherein the second grid q differs only slightly from the first grid p, in particular by less than one fifth, and / or the first grid p and / or the second screen ruling q are modulated in a location-dependent manner so that a movement effect is produced by the interaction of the relief raster and the line screen when the security element is tilted, - And wherein the vertical distance of Relieffraster and point and / or line grid is less than half the screen width p.

Images