DE102016002734A1 - Heat exchangers for cisterns and pits - Google Patents

Abstract

Problem Increasingly, domestic hot water systems are installed in households, water tanks have always been used, heat pumps are state of the art. Energy potentials that can be raised effectively and with relatively little effort with the combination of these two components, however, remain unused. Solution In order to be able to lift heat in cisterns / pits with heat pumps, the associated heat exchanger must be easy to install in them and be robust. A heat exchanger that can do that is shown in the sketch: Part (1) is the heat exchanger, shown here in a cistern (5). The heat exchanger is equipped with heat exchanger lines (1.1), which are connected by means of connecting lines (2) with the heat pump (not shown). At the tie rods (1.6), the lines (1.1) can be attached, then everything with a filling (1.10), z. As concrete, shed. At the upper end of the heat exchanger (1) a lifting device (1.7) is mounted. For safe standing, the heat exchanger can be equipped with a foot (1.20), which can be made to be foldable so that it fits through a shaft (5.3). Application: The pit heat exchanger is suitable for all cisterns and other water or manure pits. This heat exchanger can be retrofitted into existing cisterns.

Description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger for heat pumps having the features in the preamble of the claim.

Common practice with heat pumps for building heating are air heat pumps, groundwater heat pumps, heat pumps with geothermal probes or ground collectors. A recent development is heat pumps with ice storage. With increasing environmental awareness and the rainwater use z. B. for toilet flushing and washing machine. For garden irrigation rainwater cisterns have always been used wherever possible.

In particular, rainwater tanks in combination with heat pumps are ideal sources of energy for heating buildings. In the colder seasons, the cisterns are often full and the water is hardly used. Physical advantages: Water has a high specific heat storage capacity: 4.18 kJ / kgK, air 1.009 sandstone 0.71. Compared to air, the heat storage capacity of water is better by volume by a factor of 3203. The average temperature of rainwater in the cistern is approximately 10 ° C of that of the surrounding soil, but just with the better heat storage capacity and nearly ideal heat transport properties. 10 ° C is also the temperature that is normally supplied by geothermal heat exchangers (geothermal probes, geothermal heat exchangers); if the heat exchanger or the soil is overloaded, this temperature will drop. An additional increase, by a factor of 80, results from the use of (rain) water in the phase transition from water to ice at 0 ° C: 333 kJ / kg. When using geothermal the icing of the soil is undesirable, or not allowed. For heat pumps with ice storage, this latent heat energy (333 kJ / kg) is used. These systems are mostly in-house systems with small ice storage about 400 liters in a thermally insulated container. There are other installations known from publications that bring heat exchanger coils as open tube bundles in water tanks / tanks. These systems are quite expensive during assembly. The heat exchanger tubes must be fixed in a scaffold / frame. Care must be taken to lay the pipes and the direction of flow, as icing threatens frost damage. Depending on the size and circumference of the structure (strut / tube framework) before completion in the container must be built or introduced. Next, the structure within the tank must then be protected against buoyancy, subsidence, shifting and scrubbing and damage of any kind. All materials used must be resistant to rust (including contact corrosion), frost, air and water, together with some of the ingredients individually and in combination. The open structure of the heat exchanger tubes initially has the advantage that the heat transfer is very good at completely submerged tube bundles until ice formation. However, pollution and possibly algae formation can reverse this advantage to the opposite. Several patents are concerned in similar situations (in wastewater heat exchangers) to free the heat exchanger tubes from heat transfer-reducing contaminants, z. B. DE 10 2008 001 518 A1

It is an object of this invention to describe an effective and simple heat exchanger for cisterns and pits, which are usefully installed both in new facilities, as well as can be retrofitted into old existing cisterns and pits. The heat exchanger should be low maintenance to maintenance free. Isolation of the cisterns and pits is not necessary: When operating the heat exchanger with a heat pump creates a heat sink, which can also extract heat from the environment. Covering open pits can be helpful in winter. This heat exchanger should use the advantages of conventional heat pumps and circumvent the physical, technical, environmental and geological as well as design and commercial disadvantages of other air, ground and groundwater heat exchangers. Design disadvantages are z. B. high space requirement, use restrictions of areas, noise emission, minimum margins. In addition, this heat exchanger can create synergies through functional integration of water cisterns and water / manure pits. The disadvantages of more complex solutions are to be avoided and the advantages made available over a wide area, even as a retrofit solution.

Illustrated in the drawing by way of example and schematically is a cistern / pit heat exchanger that can afford that.

Main component of the heat exchanger ( 1 ) of this invention are the integrated heat exchanger tubes ( 1.1 ). These can be introduced as shown here, for example, as a tube coil in the heat exchanger. The tubes can be used, for example, on the reinforcement / reinforcement (not shown in detail) as well as on the tension rods ( 1.6 ) are fixed. The heat exchanger tubes, the reinforcement and the tension rods are then filled with a thermally conductive and stabilizing filling compound ( 1.10 ), for example concrete. Concrete protects the internal components against corrosion and damage and stores heat.

The connections ( 1.2 ) of the heat exchanger ( 1 ) are conveniently above the waterline ( 6 ). So that the connections in transport and Installation, as well as the operation of the cistern can be protected a protective plate ( 1.3 ) mounted above it. To the connections ( 1.2 ) can be connected via connecting cables ( 2 ) of the heat exchanger to the heat pump (not shown) are connected. The environment here is for example a rainwater cistern ( 5.1 ) with concrete cone ( 5.2 ), Manhole ring ( 5.3 ) and feed ( 5.4 ). For such / similar environment, it is convenient to make the heat exchanger elongated so that it can be inserted through the well, and to place it upright in the pit, etc., so that the connections remain above the waterline.

That the heat exchanger is then well and safe he can with a wide foot ( 1.20 ). Next, the foot, so that everything fits through the cistern / pit opening, here z. B. a manhole ring ( 5.3 ), be foldable and fold down conveniently when settling.

For other environments, such as B. shallower or open pits or larger openings, a different shape for the heat exchanger may be useful. If necessary, the foot can then be omitted.

By means of the lifting device / crane eye ( 1.7 ), the heat exchanger can be transported, assembled and disassembled.

An advantage of this arrangement and design is that frost blasting of the heat exchanger by the filling material ( 1.10 ), z. As concrete, is prevented and the preferred ice formation away from the heat exchanger is given per se.

For example, the heat exchanger ( 1 ) Centrally arranged here. To ensure other parallel uses of the pit, the heat exchanger can be placed accordingly. To increase performance, a plurality of heat exchangers can be introduced and suitably arranged. For use in various media (water, contaminated water, manure, etc.), it may be useful to provide the heat exchanger with a protective coating.

The operation of many heat exchangers is reversible so that they can be cooled through these buildings and facilities. This is also possible with this heat exchanger.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Heat exchangers for pits and cisterns

1.1

Heat exchanger pipes for the heat exchanger medium

1.2

Connections of the heat exchanger lines

1.3

protection plate

1.6

Tension rods

1.7

lifting device

1.10

Filling material, z. Concrete

1.20

Foot with support strut and shoe

2

Connecting pipes to the heat pump with flexible and fixed connecting pipes to the heat pump

5

Surroundings

5.1

Rainwater cistern

5.2

concrete cone

5.3

Chess ring with manhole cover

5.4

Rainwater inlet

6

waterline

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102008001518 A1 [0003]

Claims (1)

Heat exchangers for cisterns and pits characterized in that the heat exchanger 1 has a compact design 1.1 heat exchanger tubes and heat storage mass (eg concrete) combined 1.2 can be placed in existing cisterns and pits 1.3 in cisterns and pits can stay 1.4 and by means of connecting lines and heat transfer medium In addition, the heat exchanger can be equipped with a foot for safe standing in an elongated design and upright installation 3 3.1 foot can be designed to be foldable to be able to be spent, for example, through narrow shafts

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