DE102015224485A1 - Method and system for monitoring a plurality of cells of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The technology disclosed herein relates to a method and a system for monitoring a plurality of cells 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _{dx of} a motor vehicle. It comprises at least two bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _{d of} a data bus 42 of the motor vehicle and at least one control device 30. The at least one control device 30 is formed, via the data bus 42 with the at least two bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d to communicate. The bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d are each connected to a cell group 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d . The bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d are formed, at least one measured variable of different cells 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx , 10 _{dx of} the respective cell group 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d capture. The at least two bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d each have at least one electrical addressing contact S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx . By means of the at least one electrical addressing contact S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx is the at least two bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d each assign a unique bus subscriber address.

Description

The technology disclosed herein relates to a system for monitoring multiple cells of a motor vehicle. Such a system is used, for example, in cell monitoring (CVM) systems of cells of a fuel cell system or a battery system. These systems have a variety of cells. For example, a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell system may include several hundred individual cells. Cell monitoring can increase efficiency and increase lifespan. A CVM system usually monitors the electrical parameters of the individual cells and of the entire fuel cell stack. For example, such CVM systems are disclosed in the references WO 2007 102031 A1 and WO 2005 069026 A1 ,

It is an object of the technology disclosed herein to reduce or eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art solutions. It is, for example, an object of the technology disclosed here to provide a low-cost, high-performance and / or versatile cell monitoring system. Other objects arise from the beneficial effects of the technology disclosed herein. The object (s) is / are solved by the subject matter of claim 1. The dependent claims are preferred embodiments.

The technology disclosed here relates to a system for monitoring a plurality of individual cells or cells (in the following, simplified is mostly the term "cells") of a cell network, in particular of a motor vehicle.

For example, the cells of a fuel cell system or a battery system may be monitored. Such a fuel cell system comprises at least one fuel cell. The fuel cell system is intended, for example, for mobile applications such as motor vehicles, in particular for providing the energy for the at least one drive machine for locomotion of the motor vehicle. In its simplest form, a fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter that converts fuel and oxidant into reaction products, producing electricity and heat. Preferred fuels are: hydrogen, low molecular weight alcohol, biofuels, or liquefied natural gas. Preferred oxidizing agents are, for example, air, oxygen and peroxides. The ion-selective separator can be formed, for example, as a proton exchange membrane (PEM). A fuel cell system further includes peripheral system components (BOP components) that may be used in the operation of the at least one fuel cell. As a rule, several fuel cells are combined to form a fuel cell stack or stack. The fuel cell system further includes the multiple fuel cell monitoring system disclosed herein.

The battery system can be, for example, a high-voltage energy storage, for example a battery module, which supplies the electrical drive motor of a motor vehicle with electrical energy.

Monitoring in this context means that the system can directly or indirectly determine the state of the monitored cells. For this purpose, at least one measured variable is detected directly or indirectly. The measured variable may in particular be the electrical voltage of the monitored cell. Advantageously, the single cell voltages of several or all cells and the total voltage are determined. Preferably, the current flowing through the stack is further determined. From the measured voltages, for example, the system can determine one of the following values: minimum, maximum, mean and / or standard deviation of the single-cell voltage. Advantageously, voltage deviations between the individual cells or at an average of the individual cell voltages can thus be detected. Preferably, further single-cell analysis methods are carried out, such as, for example, an impedance calculation. For this purpose, for example, a high-frequency resistance measurement (HFR) measurement or an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be used. In this case, the cell unit can be excited with different frequencies, current and voltage sampled simultaneously and the impedance spectrum of the affected cell can be determined by means of a fast Fourier transformation. The system can thus be used to assess the condition of the cell. Thus, an occurring degradation, cell drying or cell failure can advantageously be recognized early and appropriate countermeasures introduced. It may possibly increase the life span to a certain extent and / or increase the performance of the cell population by means of suitable countermeasures.

The system disclosed here further comprises at least two bus subscribers of a data bus of the motor vehicle. Appropriately, these bus participants are the same or identical design. It is therefore preferable to the same line, which can be used for various fuel cell systems and / or different battery systems.

The bus participants are each connected to a cell group. A cell group can be a certain number of cells within a cell group. For example, a certain number of cells within a fuel cell stack. Furthermore, a cell group can also be a fuel cell stack if the cell assembly has a total of several fuel cell stacks.

The bus subscribers can be designed to detect at least one measured variable of different cells of the respective cell group, preferably of all cells of the respective cell group. In particular, the bus subscriber can be designed to detect the electrical voltage.

Preferably, the bus subscriber comprises at least one analog-digital converter, which converts an analog signal of the cell into a digital signal. For example, For example, the voltage which is converted into a digital signal, e.g. a 12-bit signal is converted.

Advantageously, the bus subscriber can comprise at least one multiplexer. The multiplexer may be configured to detect the measurement signals of the individual cells of a cell group and then to send these analog signals to the analog-to-digital converter. Such a bus subscriber can be referred to, for example, as an analogue digital converter module (ADC module). In the case of a fuel cell, one can also speak of a Fuel Cell Supervisory Circuit (FCSC).

The at least two bus users each have at least one electrical addressing contact. By means of the at least one electrical addressing contact, the at least two bus subscribers can each be assigned a unique bus subscriber address. An addressing contact is used here for addressing the bus user. The bus subscriber expediently receives a unique bus subscriber address via the connection of the addressing contact. Advantageously, this contact is only the address assignment. In particular, therefore, not the communication contacts and the power contacts are to be regarded as addressing contacts. In particular, the address assignment is not carried out by reading a bus subscriber address already specified and unique to the bus subscriber. On the contrary, the bus subscribers, which are initially bus-address-free, can be addressed by an electrical connection of the electrical addressing contacts. Suitably, a binary addressing code is generated by the electrical addressing contacts as a bus subscriber address. This can be done in different ways, as explained below.

The system disclosed herein further includes at least one controller. The control unit is u.a. configured to communicate via the data bus with the at least two bus participants.

The control unit can i.a. be designed to regulate and / or control cell monitoring. It can be an engine control unit (ECU). For example, the control unit for a fuel cell system may also be referred to as a Stack Management Unit (SMU).

The following data buses can be used here: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), but without Chip Select, isoSPI, Controller Area Network (CAN), FlexRay, MOST, Local Interconnect Network (LIN).

The at least two bus subscribers can each have at least one addressing contact pair, wherein the at least two bus subscribers can each be assigned a unique bus subscriber address. For this purpose, the Adressierungskontakte comprehensive addressing pairs of a bus station can be electrically connected and / or connected by means of one shorting bridge. Such a shorting bridge can be set, for example, before assembly, for example as a placement option. Such an embodiment has the advantage that fewer parts must be kept in the service. For example, it is possible to store the same connection plugs and the same bus subscribers whose addressing takes place only by means of a correspondingly inserted short-circuit bridge (s: "jumper"). Particularly preferably, the addressing contact pairs are provided in a circuit board such that the circuit board itself is protected and the shorting bridge can be set from the outside of the housing of the bus participant.

The at least one electrical addressing contact and / or the at least one addressing contact pair can be connectable and / or connected to a supply bus for addressing. In particular, the supply bus is permanently connected. In other words, not to be regarded as addressing contacts any communication interfaces for the connection of an addressing device that assigns the bus station a digital address.

The system may further comprise a conduit unit, in particular a cable harness, wherein the conduit unit or the wiring harness has the data bus and the supply bus. The line unit or the wiring harness can have at least two connection plugs. The connection plugs can be designed to contact at least one of the electrical addressing contacts. The number of addressing contacts contacted by the connector depends on the purpose from the address to be assigned to the bus subscriber. A line unit here comprises a collection of lines that can be isolated from each other and / or from the environment. The cables can each be isolated individually, eg insulated cables in a cable harness. The individual lines of the line unit may be at least partially embedded in an insulating material, such as in a preferably flexible circuit board.

The connection plugs can be designed to be pluggable on each of the at least two bus users. In other words, the plug can be connected by its geometry to each of the bus subscribers so that uniform bus subscribers can be used. The connection plugs and / or the connection cables leading to the connection plugs can be clearly distinguished from one another by a visual differentiation feature. In particular, it is a recognizable from the outside in the assembled state of the connector distinguishing feature. If, for example, a cell is degraded or defective, the control unit can, for example, confirm the cell group, the bus subscriber and / or the connection plug which is connected to the defective cell. Even if the connectors were reversed during assembly or during a later repair, so could still be determined the position of the degraded or defective cell within the cell group by the fitter reads the connector and the cell of the connector. The connection plugs are then preferably designed to contact at least one of the electrical addressing contacts. This is particularly useful when the bus participants are designed as common parts and / or the bus participants are housed in such a way that a clear identification based on a unique code from the outside is not possible. The connection plugs or their connection lines can be made visible, for example, from the outside, for example because they have a higher degree of protection (for example IP65). Thus, a repair of the cell can be accelerated.

The system may have a different number of identical bus subscribers for different fuel cell systems, which differ in their number of fuel cells. The system may include different line units or harnesses for the different fuel cell systems. For example, it may be provided for motor vehicles with a more powerful first fuel cell system that approximately 500 fuel cells must be installed and monitored. For example, 16 identical bus subscribers may be provided for voltage monitoring in such a system. In another motor vehicle, however, a smaller second fuel cell system may be provided which includes the same fuel cells but in a smaller number than the first fuel cell system. The second fuel cell system may comprise, for example, only 250 fuel cells. In this second system, for example, the same bus subscribers can then be installed as in the first fuel cell system, however, only 8 identical bus subscribers are required for this fuel cell system for monitoring the cells. Advantageously, the same identical bus subscribers can be used in both systems. The addressing of the bus subscribers can then take place, for example, via jumpers and / or via the line unit or the wiring harness. If the addressing takes place via the line unit or the cable harness, then the addressing can be achieved with particularly little effort and with a particularly low part variance. For this purpose, the first and second fuel cell systems merely have to have different line units or wiring harnesses.

The system may comprise the same line units for different fuel cell systems, wherein at least one connector plug of the line unit is detachable from the line unit. For example, it can be provided that a line unit with many connection plugs, e.g. for the first system, can be shortened. If, for example, only 8 connection plugs are required instead of 16 connection plugs, the line unit behind the 8 required connection plugs can be cut through. The end of the line unit can be additionally insulated. Alternatively, the remaining 8 connectors could simply not be connected. Advantageously, thus the parts variance can be further reduced, which may be particularly interesting in after-sales service.

The technology disclosed herein further relates to a method for addressing at least two bus subscribers. In particular, two bus subscribers as disclosed herein. The bus subscribers may be part of the system disclosed herein for monitoring multiple cells of a motor vehicle. The at least two bus subscribers each have at least one electrical addressing contact and by means of the at least one electrical addressing contact, the at least two bus subscribers can each be assigned a unique bus subscriber address. The features disclosed herein in connection with the system are also applicable to the method disclosed herein and should be construed as being disclosed.

In other words, the technology disclosed here is based on the idea of providing a measuring island which contacts a specific number of bipolar plates (n) in order to supply their cell voltages 1 to (n - 1) to measure. Depending on the size of the cell network, eg a stack, x of these measuring islands can be installed. The reading of the measured values can be carried out centrally via a computing unit (ECU, control unit, logic unit, etc.). In addition, the measuring islands should be suitably coded binary via the plug, so that a clear assignment of the cell voltages is possible. The only component that would preferably not be modular is the lead unit or harness connecting the gauges to the ECU. Advantageously, therefore, a modular principle can be realized, in which there is only one type of measuring islands and one type of control units. Due to the much higher quantities, the unit costs for the components are advantageously reduced and the component variance can be reduced.

The technology disclosed herein will now be explained with reference to the figures. Show it:

1 a schematic representation of the system disclosed here with addressing contacts S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx ;

2 a schematic representation of the system disclosed here connector plugs 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d ;

3 a schematic representation of the system disclosed here for a cell network 100 with fewer cells; and

4 a schematic representation of the system disclosed here with addressing _{contact pairs} S _axy , S _bxy , S _cxy , S _dxy .

The 1 shows a cell network 100 , The cell network 100 Here is a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack comprises two end plates 11 and a variety of (fuel) cells 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _{dx contained} in several cell groups 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _{d are} divided. The subdivision may, for example, be predetermined by the number of cells that the bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _{d can} read out. The outer cells, for example the cells 10 _on and 10 _b1 , may be formed immediately adjacent to each other. But it can also be provided a pantograph between them. Each cell of a cell group is here with that of the cell group 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d associated bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d connected. Such are the cells, for example 10 _a1 , 10 _a2 , 10 _ax , 10 _at the bus participant 20 _a assigned. For example, to the corresponding separators, usually bipolar plates, the corresponding cells 10 _a1 , 10 _a2 , 10 _ax , 10 contacted _at. For this purpose, conventional conductors can be used. Advantageously, at least one flex conductor connects the cell groups 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d with the respective bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d . Likewise, the bus participants could use the appropriate cells 10 _a1 , 10 _a2 , 10 _ax , 10 contact _to via corresponding contact elements directly. For this purpose could protrude from a circuit board corresponding contact elements that directly contact a corresponding portion of the separator to be contacted, for example by this section is clamped.

The bus participants shown here 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d are structurally identical. The basic structure is therefore based on the bus station 20 _a explains. The bus participant 20 _a has a communication port Ka connected to the data bus 42 connected is. About this communication port Ka, the data between the controller 30 and the bus participant 20a replaced. For example, the exchanged data packets may have the following format: addressing, data, checksum.

About the supply contact Va is the bus participant 20a with the utility bus 44 connected. For example, a voltage of 12 V / ground or 5 V / ground) may be applied. The bus participant 20a further comprises four addressing contacts, which are described in US Pat 1 be indicated by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4. Of the addressing contacts S _ax is here only with the supply bus 44 Associated addressing contacts S _{a1 provided} with a reference numeral. By the addressing contact Sa1 here with the supply bus 44 is connected to the bus subscriber 20a the bus subscriber address 1 assigned. Now the bus participant communicates 20a with the control unit 30 , tells the bus participant 20a the control unit 30 with that information contained in the data packet from the bus subscriber 20a come with the bus subscriber address 1. In each case other addressing contacts S _b2 ; S _c1 ; S _c2 ; S _{d3 of} the bus subscribers 20b ; 20c ; 20d are each with the utility bus 44 connected. By this particular different contacting the addressing contacts S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx receive the bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d the bus subscriber addresses 1; 2; 3; 4 assigned. Preferably, the addresses are assigned here as a binary code. Thus, many addresses can be assigned with a few addressing contacts. Regardless of the arrangement of the bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d can thus be advantageously determined in which cell group 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d a cell is degraded or degraded. If the bus participants are swapped during assembly, this does not matter. The bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d can be identified by the wiring. The bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 Here, in the unassembled state, _d have no bus user address and receive it through the cabling with the supply bus 44 ,

The 2 shows a development of the embodiment according to the 1 , Below are therefore only the differences explained. Every bus participant 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d is here via a connector 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d with the data bus 42 and the utility bus 44 connected. Compared to the previous version of 1 can thus reduce the number of conductors. The actual binary coding can be found here in the connection plugs 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d , which could also be referred to as addressing connectors. The coding itself corresponds again to the coding of the 1 , The bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d are in turn via a corresponding contacting of the addressing contacts S _a1 ; S _b2 ; S _c1 ; S _c2 ; S _d3 the bus user addresses 1; 2; 3 ; 4 assigned. Advantageous here are the individual connector 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d visually distinguishable from the outside. For example, this visual difference may be from the controller 30 be specified in an error message. Based on this error message, the service workshop can then directly recognize which cell group is affected without the bus participants trained as equal parts 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d would need to be additionally indexed. Also could the connector 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d then be safely reversed during assembly. Because the connector 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d preferably have the same connection geometry for the identical bus subscriber, such a risk of confusion is certainly given. The connection plugs 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d can be mounted better and lead to clearer line units or wiring harnesses 40 , which further promotes error-free assembly.

The 3 shows a structure according to the 1 for a cell network 100 ' , the less cells 10 _ax , 10 _bx . Instead of four cell groups and four bus subscribers, the cell network comprises 100 ' here only two cell groups 10 _a , 10 _b and two bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b . The two cell groups 10 _a , 10 _b , the two bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , and the controller 30 are identical here to those of the 1 , The same bus users and control units can therefore be used in different cell connections 100 . 100 ' be used. Like from the 1 and 3 is clearly visible, varies only the line unit or the wiring harness 40 . 40 ' ,

The 4 shows a further embodiment of the technology disclosed here. Instead of the binary coding over the wiring of the bus participants 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d realize here, the bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d multiple addressing _pairs S _axy , S _bxy , S _cxy , S _dxy on. Simplifying are in the 4 instead of the reference _symbols S _axy , S _bxy , S _cxy , _Sxyxy, only the actually electrically connected addressing _{contact pairs are} provided with reference symbols. In addition, the reference _symbols S _d4y , S _{dx2 explain} the selected indices. In each case an addressing _{contact pair} S _a11 , S _a12 ; S _b21 , S _b22 ; S _c11 , S _c12 ; S _c21 , S _c22 ; S _d31 , S _{d32 of} the bus participants 20 _a ; 20 _b ; 20 _c ; 20 _d is here bridged by an electrical connection (shown as a dash). The at least one electrical connection of a bus subscriber 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d can also be used as a shorting bridge 22 _a , 22 _b , 22 _c , 22 _{d be} designated. In other words, the electrical connections between the addressing _{contact pairs} S _c11 , S _c12 ; S _c21 , S _c22 so the shorting _bridge 22 _c dar. The short-circuit bridges 22 _a , 22 _b , 22 _c , 22 _d can be achieved, for example, by jumpers or jumpers which are _inserted into the addressing _{contact pairs} S _c11 , S _c12 ; S _c21 , S _c22 are used or can be used. Such short-circuit bridges may be preferred, for example, even before the assembly of the bus users 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _{d be} pre-assembled (= placement option). Due to the different configuration of the different short-circuit bridges 22 _a , 22 _b , 22 _c , 22 _d can be identical bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d receive different bus user addresses. Here, the lower addressing _contacts S _ax2 , S _bx2 , S _cx2 , S _{dx2 are} each carried out individually. _{That is} , each upper addressing _contact S _ax1 , S _bx1 , S _cx1 , S _dx1 is assigned a lower addressing _contact S _ax2 , S _bx2 , S _cx2 , S _dx2 . Likewise to be regarded as _{pairs of} contacts an embodiment in which all lower addressing _contacts S _ax2 , S _bx2 , S _cx2 , S _{dx2 are combined} in an addressing _contact and the shorting _bridge similar to the connector 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d the signal distributed to the upper addressing _contacts S _ax1 , S _bx1 , S _cx1 , S _dx1 depending on the desired addressing.

The in the 1 to 4 Bus subscribers and controllers shown may be configured as indicated elsewhere in this disclosure. Particularly preferred are the bus subscribers 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d trained as FCSCs.

The foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention and its equivalents.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

 100, 100 '

 cell assembly

10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d

 cell group

10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx

 cell

20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d

 bus users

22 _a , 22 _b , 22 _c , 22 _d

 Shorting

 30

 control unit

 40, 40 '

 harness

 42

 data bus

 44

 supply bus

46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d

 connector

S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx

 addressing Contact

_Sxy , _Sxyxy , _Sxyxy , _Sxyxy

 Addressing contact pair

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2007102031 A1 [0001]
• WO 2005069026 A1 [0001]

Claims (10)

System for monitoring several cells ( 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx ) of a motor vehicle with at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) a data bus ( 42 ) of the motor vehicle and at least one control unit ( 30 ); - wherein the at least one control unit ( 30 ) is formed, via the data bus ( 42 ) with the at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) to communicate; - where the bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) each with a cell group ( 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d ), the bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) at least one measured quantity of different cells ( 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx ) of the respective cell group ( 10 _a , 10 _b , 10 _c , 10 _d ) to record; - where the at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) each have at least one electrical addressing contact (S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx ), and wherein by means of the at least one electrical addressing contact s (S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx ) the at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) in each case a unique bus subscriber address is assignable. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) each have at least one electrical addressing _{contact pair} (S _axy , S _bxy , S _cxy , S _dxy ), wherein the at least two bus subscribers ( 20a . 20b . 20c . 20d ) is assigned by a shorting bridge in each case a unique bus subscriber address. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one electrical addressing contact (S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx ) and / or the at least one addressing _{contact pair} (S _axy , S _bxy , S _cxy , S _dxy ) with a supply _bus ( 42 ) are connectable and / or connected. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system further comprises a line unit ( 40 . 40 ' ), wherein the line unit ( 40 . 40 ' ) the data bus ( 42 ) and the supply bus ( 44 ), and wherein the line unit ( 40 . 40 ' ) at least two connectors ( 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d ), and wherein the connector ( 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d ) are each formed to contact at least one of the electrical addressing contacts (S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx ). System according to claim 4, wherein the connection plugs ( 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d ) at each of the at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) are designed to be plugged. System according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the connection plugs ( 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d ) and / or to the connector ( 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d ) leading connection cables are clearly distinguishable by a visual differentiator. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measured variable is an electrical voltage of the cell ( 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx ). System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of cells ( 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx ) fuel cells ( 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx ) of a fuel cell system and / or battery cells ( 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx ) of a high-voltage storage battery system. System according to claim 8, wherein the system for different fuel cell systems, which differ in their number of fuel cells, a different number of identical bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ), and wherein the system for the different fuel cell systems different line units ( 40 . 40 ' ). System according to claim 8, wherein the system for different fuel cell systems, which differ in their number of fuel cells, a different number of identical bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) and wherein the system for the different fuel cell systems the same line units ( 40 . 40 ' ), and wherein at least one connector ( 46 _a , 46 _b , 46 _c , 46 _d ) the line unit ( 40 . 40 ' ) from the line unit ( 40 . 40 ' ) is separable. Method for addressing at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) a system for monitoring multiple cells ( 10 _ax , 10 _bx , 10 _cx , 10 _dx ) of a motor vehicle, wherein the at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) each have at least one electrical addressing contact (S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx ), and wherein by means of the at least one electrical addressing contact (S _ax , S _bx , S _cx , S _dx ) the at least two bus subscribers ( 20 _a , 20 _b , 20 _c , 20 _d ) in each case a unique bus subscriber address is assigned.

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