DE102015221269A1 - battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery (1), in particular for an electrically driven motor vehicle. To be designed to save space and have a higher energy density, the battery (1) comprises at least two electrically interconnected, identically formed battery modules (2), each having a plurality of cylindrical electrical memory cells (3), the vertical axes (4) parallel to each other each having at least one of the electrical memory cells (3) of the respective battery module (2) carrying cell carrier (5), wherein the battery modules (2) are arranged adjacent to each other such that the electrical memory cells (3) of the one battery module (2 ) are arranged in alignment with the electrical storage cells (3) of the other battery module (2), and at least one tempering line (7) through which a temperature control medium flows continuously through the battery modules (2), parallel to the vertical axes (4) of the electrical storage cells (3) and between adjacent to each other arranged electrical Spei cherzellen (3) extends.

Description

The invention relates to a battery, in particular for an electrically driven motor vehicle.

In hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles usually rechargeable batteries are installed, which usually have a plurality of series and / or parallel electrical memory cells. With the batteries, electric drive devices of the hybrid vehicles or electric vehicles can be supplied with electrical energy. Here, the electric storage cells to battery sub-units, so-called battery modules, be summarized, from which the battery is constructed.

In order to ensure a safe, durable and optimal operation of an electric storage cell, it is necessary to keep the temperature of the electric storage cell in an optimal temperature range. As a result, in particular overheating of the electrical storage cell can be avoided, which can lead to decomposition processes in the electrical storage cell. This can lead to a gas evolution within the electrical storage cell, whereby the pressure within the electrical storage cell can rise critically. This process is also referred to as thermal runaway. Furthermore, the electrical memory cell can not work optimally when it falls below a minimum permissible operating temperature.

An object of the invention is to provide a space-saving battery of higher energy density.

This object is solved by the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are set forth in particular in the dependent claims, each of which taken alone or in different combinations with each other can represent an aspect of the invention.

A battery according to the invention, in particular for an electrically drivable motor vehicle, comprises at least two battery modules of identical construction, each of which has a plurality of cylindrically shaped electrical memory cells whose elevation axes are aligned parallel to one another, and at least one each supporting the electrical memory cells of the respective battery module Cell carrier have. The battery modules are arranged adjacent to one another such that the electrical storage cells of one battery module are arranged in alignment with the electrical storage cells of the other battery module. Furthermore, the battery according to the invention comprises at least one tempering line through which a temperature control medium flows, which extends continuously through the battery modules, parallel to the vertical axes of the electrical storage cells and between adjacent electrical storage cells.

According to the invention, adjacently arranged electrical storage cells are tempered by means of the tempering line, so that, for example, no additional, conventional cooling plate is required for this tempering, which is arranged laterally on the electrical storage cells. Also, no transverse to the vertical axes of the electric storage cells heat exchanger body is present, which extends between the electrical cells. By the latter, the electric storage cells would have to be arranged in a correspondingly larger distance from each other. A provided with the tempering according to the invention battery is thus space-saving designed as a provided with a conventional cooling plate or a transverse heat exchanger body battery. In particular, according to the invention, the space already present between the electrical storage cells is used for controlling the temperature of the electrical storage cells. The space thus obtained can be used to give a correspondingly trained battery a greater energy density by larger electric memory cells are used to form the battery and / or a larger number of electrical storage cells is used.

The temperature control according to the invention is located directly on the adjacent to each other, to be tempered electrical storage cells, whereby they are optimally tempered. In this case, the temperature control line contacts the electrical memory cells, in particular in the region of the cell winding of the respective electrical memory cell, so that optimum temperature control of the electrical memory cells is possible.

The battery may also have two or more correspondingly identical battery modules, which are arranged in series adjacent to one another or behind one another such that the electrical storage cells of each battery module are arranged in alignment with the electrical storage cells of the at least one battery module arranged adjacent thereto.

The cylindrically shaped electrical storage cells, whose height axes are aligned parallel to each other, may be formed, for example, as lithium-ion storage cells, lithium-polymer storage cells or a nickel-metal hybrid storage cells. The electrical memory cells may be circular, elliptical, oval, polygonal or otherwise formed in cross-section be. The electrical storage cells of a battery module can be arranged offset from one another, whereby the battery module can be designed to save space. In particular, the electrical storage cells can be arranged in parallel rows of cells, the electrical storage cells of a cell row partially gripping between the electric storage cells of an adjacent cell row.

The cell carrier carrying the electrical storage cells of the respective battery module can be made of a plastic, a composite material or a metal. Each battery module may also have two or more corresponding cell carriers. The cell carrier can be designed to fix the individual battery modules together. Positioning aids can also be arranged on the cell carrier, which cooperate with complementary positioning aids on a further battery module such that two correspondingly formed battery modules, when brought into mutual physical contact, are securely positioned relative to one another in a desired manner.

The tempering line through which a temperature control medium flows extends continuously through the battery modules, which means that the temperature control line preferably passes through all the battery modules of the battery. The temperature control line extends between adjacent to each other arranged electrical memory cells that they contacted these electric storage cells directly. The temperature control can be plugged through the battery modules in a simple manner. The temperature control can be made of a plastic, which is associated with low production costs. The battery may also have two or more corresponding tempering, with each of which different adjacent to each other arranged electrical storage cells are temperature controlled. If correspondingly two or more tempering lines are present, they can be flowed through by the tempering medium in accordance with the countercurrent principle in order to obtain a more uniform tempering of the electrical storage cells.

The tempering medium can serve for cooling and / or heating the electrical storage cells. The tempering medium may be liquid or gaseous, in particular air.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at at least one cell carrier parallel to the vertical axes of the electric memory cells extending, arranged between adjacent to each other arranged electrical memory cells, extending over a portion of a height of the electrical memory cells holding bars are arranged relative to each other such that they between them a portion of the tempering record positively. As a result, the tempering is held positionally stable within the battery, which ensures optimal physical contact between the temperature control and the temperature-controlled electrical memory cells. The holding webs can be made monolithic with the rest of the cell carrier.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the tempering is made of a flexible plastic, in particular elastomer. As a result, the flexible temperature control even in the presence of larger tolerances in a simple manner between the memory cells to be tempered arranged or performed by the individual battery modules. As a result of the physical contact with the electrical storage cells to be tempered, the tempering line can be deformed and thereby brought into an optimum shape in order to provide the largest possible contact area between the tempering line and the electrical storage cells to be tempered. The use of the tempering of a flexible plastic is also associated with the use of a conventional, massively formed cooling plate with a significant reduction in weight. The temperature control can be made, for example, from a very thin-walled plastic film. This is accompanied by a very lightweight design of the tempering, which is thereby also inexpensive to produce.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the temperature control is made of an elastic plastic. As a result, the temperature control line can optimally cling to the temperature to be tempered electrical memory cells when exposed to a pressurized tempering to provide the largest possible contact area between the tempering and these electrical storage cells. The temperature control can be made for example of an elastomer. In addition, the temperature control can be designed as a rubber hose.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the holding webs are arranged relative to each other so that each three holding webs form a receptacle into which an end portion of the respective electrical storage cell is inserted positively. As a result, the holding webs serve both for holding the electric storage cells, as well as for holding the temperature control in the respective desired positions relative to each other.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the electrical memory cells formed circular cylindrical. Such called round cells electric storage cells have a relatively large surface, which is associated with a large energy / surface ratio. In addition, such electrical storage cells can be optimally tempered because of their relatively large surface area.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the battery comprises at least one arranged on the end side of the battery termination unit on which on a side facing away from the battery modules at least one alignment aligned with the temperature control pipe connecting piece is arranged, wherein an end portion of the extending through the connecting piece tempering pipe collar-like over the connection piece is. The connection unit is arranged in series with the battery modules. The battery can also be provided on both end faces, each with a corresponding connection unit. The connecting piece may have an inner diameter that corresponds approximately to the outer diameter of the tempering line, so that the tempering line extends in a form-fitting manner through the connecting piece. Preferably, the tempering is made of an elastic plastic, such as an elastomer, prepared, so that the end portion of the tempering can be slipped in a simple manner outwardly like a collar over the connection piece. As a result, the elastic temperature control line can be frictionally connected to the connecting piece and thus securely held in a desired position. The number of connection pieces of the connection unit preferably corresponds to the number of existing temperature control lines of the battery.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the battery has at least one collector unit arranged on the side of the connection unit facing away from the battery modules, which has at least one connection for the inflow or outflow of the temperature control medium and which is communicatively connected to the temperature control line, wherein at one of the termination unit facing collector side of the collector unit is arranged at least one aligned with the temperature control line collector-side connecting piece, which engages around the connection piece of the connection unit with the overlying end portion of the temperature control line form fit. About the collector unit of the temperature control or the temperature control is the Temperiermedium zuleitbar or derived from these. For this purpose, a collecting chamber can be arranged within the collecting unit, which is communicatively connected, on the one hand, to the connection and, on the other hand, to the temperature control line or the temperature control lines. The connection piece of the connection unit runs in opposite direction to the connection piece of the collector unit. Due to the positive connection between the collector-side connecting piece and the connection piece of the connection unit, over which the end portion of the tempering line is slipped, the collector unit is attached to the connection unit. The material thickness of the collector-side connecting piece can be selected such that the collector-side connecting piece is clamped between adjacent connecting pieces, over each of which an end portion of a tempering line is slipped. As a result, the end portions of the temperature control are fixed to the connection piece of the connection unit. At the same time, the attachment of the collector unit to the connection unit is reinforced.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the figures. Show it:

1 a schematic and perspective view of an embodiment of a battery according to the invention;

2 a schematic and perspective view of a battery module of in 1 shown battery;

3 a schematic and perspective detail of the in 1 shown battery;

4 a schematic and perspective detail of the in 2 shown battery module;

5 a further schematic and perspective detail of the in 2 shown battery module;

6 a schematic detail of a further embodiment of a battery according to the invention in longitudinal section;

7 a schematic detail of a further embodiment of a battery according to the invention in longitudinal section; and

8th a schematic and perspective detail of the in 7 shown battery.

1 shows a schematic and perspective view of an embodiment of a battery according to the invention 1 for a not shown, electrically driven motor vehicle.

The battery 1 comprises six electrically interconnected, equally formed battery modules 2 , which are arranged in series one behind the other.

Every battery module 2 comprises a plurality of cylindrical, so designed as round cells electrical storage cells 3 whose elevation axes 4 or longitudinal center axes are aligned parallel to each other. The battery modules 2 are arranged adjacent to each other such that the electric storage cells 3 a battery module 2 in alignment with the electrical storage cells 3 the at least one adjacent battery module 2 are arranged.

Every battery module 2 further comprises one of the electric storage cells 3 of the respective battery module 2 carrying cell carrier 5 and a cell carrier cover 6 , wherein the cell carrier covers 6 the in 1 right illustrated five battery modules 2 are transparent. This in 1 Battery module shown on the left 2 is shown in an open state, whereby the electric storage cells 3 this battery module 2 are visible. The cell carriers 5 and the cell carrier covers 6 are made of a plastic, for example in an injection molding process.

The battery 1 furthermore comprises a multiplicity of temperature control lines through which a temperature control medium can flow 7 , each through the battery modules 2 , parallel to the vertical axes 4 the electrical storage cells 3 and each battery module 2 between at least two adjacent electrical memory cells 3 extend. Each temperature control line 7 can be made of a flexible plastic or an elastic plastic, in particular elastomer.

At the cell carrier covers 6 are each a variety of breakthroughs 8th formed by the respective one temperature line 7 is guided. Furthermore, on the cell carrier covers 6 each a variety of breakthroughs 9 formed, over which the electrical storage cells 3 of adjacent battery modules 2 in a physical and electrically conductive contact with each other. The cell carriers 5 have appropriately arranged and trained, in 1 on the cell carrier shown on the right 5 recognizable breakthroughs 8th and 9 on.

2 shows a schematic and perspective view of a battery module 2 the in 1 shown battery 1 , The with the cell carrier 5 connected cell carrier cover 6 is shown again transparent, so that the electric storage cells 3 whose elevation axes 4 are aligned parallel to each other, and by the battery module 2 extending sections of Temperierleitungen 7 you can see.

3 shows a schematic and perspective detail of the in 1 shown battery 1 , There is an open battery module in the middle 2 without cell carrier cover to see in 3 right another battery module 2 connects, from the in 3 only the cell carrier 5 is shown, and to which in 3 left another battery module 2 connects, of which only the cell carrier cover 6 is shown. These are in particular those through the battery modules 2 extending tempering 7 to see.

4 shows a schematic and perspective detail of the in 2 shown battery module 2 , From this battery module 2 are the electrical storage cells 3 as well as the cell carrier 5 shown. Through the battery module 2 the temperature control lines run 7 , The cell carrier 5 and four temperature control cables 7 are in 4 shown cut. To build the cell carrier 5 further clarify are some of the electrical storage cells 3 of the battery module 2 in 4 been omitted. At the cell carrier 5 are parallel to the elevation axes 4 the electrical storage cells 3 extending, between adjacent to each other arranged electrical storage cells 3 arranged over a portion of a height of the electric storage cells 3 extending holding webs 10 arranged such that in each case three holding webs 10 between them a portion of the respective temperature control 7 record positively. For this purpose, the holding webs 10 each opposite, concave, in 5 shown faces on the respective tempering 7 issue. The retaining bars 10 are also arranged relative to each other so that in each case three holding webs 10 a recording 11 form, in which an end portion of the respective electric memory cell 3 is positively inserted. For this purpose, the holding webs 10 each opposite, concave side surfaces 12 on, at the respective electrical storage cell 3 issue.

5 shows a further schematic and perspective detail of the in 2 shown battery module 2 , This presentation is essentially the same as in 4 shown representation, wherein two cut Temperierleitungen 7 were omitted, leaving the concave end faces 13 the retaining bars 10 are visible. Furthermore, the breakthroughs 8th and 9 of the cell carrier 5 to see. Incidentally, to avoid repetition, the above description is given 4 directed.

6 shows a schematic detail of a further embodiment of a battery according to the invention 1 in longitudinal section. This battery 1 differs in particular by the in the 1 to 5 shown embodiment that the battery 1 at least one end face on the battery 1 arranged termination unit 14 at the one on the battery modules 2 opposite side a plurality of aligned to each a tempering 7 aligned connecting pieces 15 are arranged, wherein an end portion of the through the respective connecting piece 15 extending tempering 7 like a collar over the connecting piece 15 is slipped. The connecting pieces 15 are on a common end plate 16 arranged in the area of the connecting piece 15 with breakthroughs 17 is provided. At the cell carrier covers 6 are also holding bridges 10 arranged according to the retaining bars 10 the cell carrier 5 are formed. Incidentally, the battery can 1 according to the in the 1 to 5 be shown embodiment, which is why here to avoid repetition of the above description to the 1 to 5 is referenced.

7 shows a schematic detail of a further embodiment of a battery according to the invention 1 in longitudinal section. This battery 1 differs in particular from the in 6 shown embodiment that the battery 1 at least one on the battery modules 2 opposite side of the connection unit 14 arranged collector unit 18 comprising at least one schematically indicated connection 19 for the inlet or outlet of the temperature control medium and communicating with the temperature control 7 connected is. At one of the graduation unit 14 facing side of the collector unit 18 are several in alignment with the respective temperature control 7 aligned collector-side connecting pieces 20 arranged, which the respective connecting piece 15 the connection unit 14 with the end section of the respective temperature control line slipped over it 7 engages positively. Each six collector-side connecting pieces arranged in a circle 20 are at their free ends on a conclusion section 21 connected with each other. Within the collector unit 18 is a collector's chamber 22 trained, communicating with the terminal 19 and the collector-side connecting piece 20 or the temperature control 7 connected is. The collector's chamber 22 is frontally through an end wall 23 closed. By the way, the battery is 1 according to the in 6 designed embodiment, which is why here to avoid repetition of the above description 6 is referenced.

8th shows a schematic and perspective detail of the in 7 shown battery 1 , It is in particular the tubular configuration of the connecting piece 15 and the collector-side connecting piece 20 to see. In addition, it can be seen that the collector-side connecting pieces 20 the connecting pieces 15 with the end sections of the tempering lines pushed over it 7 encompass positively.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

battery

2

battery module

3

electric storage cell

4

height axis

5

cell carrier

6

Cell vehicle coverage

7

temperature control line

8th

breakthrough

9

breakthrough

10

holding web

11

admission

12

Side surface of 10

13

Face of 10

14

connection unit

15

Connecting piece of 14

16

End plate of 14

17

Breakthrough of 16

18

collector unit

19

Connection of 18

20

Collector-side connecting piece

21

Final section of 18

22

collecting chamber

23

End wall of 18

Claims (8)

Battery ( 1 ), in particular for an electrically drivable motor vehicle, comprising - at least two electrically interconnected, identically formed battery modules ( 2 ), each having a plurality of cylindrical electrical memory cells ( 3 ) whose elevation axes ( 4 ) are aligned parallel to one another, and in each case at least one of the electrical memory cells ( 3 ) of the respective battery module ( 2 ) carrying cell carriers ( 5 ), wherein the battery modules ( 2 ) are arranged adjacent to one another such that the electrical memory cells ( 3 ) of the one battery module ( 2 ) in alignment with the electrical storage cells ( 3 ) of the other battery module ( 2 ), and - at least one tempering line through which a temperature control medium flows ( 7 ) through the battery modules ( 2 ), parallel to the elevation axes ( 4 ) of the electrical storage cells ( 3 ) and between adjacent to each other arranged electrical memory cells ( 3 ). Battery ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that on at least one cell carrier ( 5 ) parallel to the elevation axes ( 4 ) of the electrical storage cells ( 3 ) extending between adjacent to each other arranged electrical memory cells ( 3 ) over a portion of a height of the electrical storage cells ( 3 ) extending holding webs ( 10 ) are arranged relative to one another such that they between them a portion of the tempering ( 7 ) record positively. Battery ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature control line ( 7 ) is made of a flexible plastic. Battery ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tempering ( 7 ) is made of an elastic plastic, in particular elastomer. Battery ( 1 ) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the holding webs ( 10 ) are arranged relative to one another such that in each case three retaining webs ( 10 ) a recording ( 11 ) into which an end portion of the respective electric memory cell ( 3 ) is positively inserted. Battery ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrical storage cells ( 3 ) are formed circular cylindrical. Battery ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by at least one front end arranged on the battery termination unit ( 14 ) on one of the battery modules ( 2 ) facing away from at least one aligned with the tempering ( 7 ) aligned connecting piece ( 15 ), wherein an end portion of the through the connecting piece ( 15 ) extending tempering ( 7 ) like a collar over the connecting piece ( 15 ) is slipped. Battery ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized by at least one on the battery modules ( 2 ) facing away from the connection unit ( 14 ) arranged collector unit ( 18 ), which has at least one connection ( 19 ) for the inlet or outlet of the tempering medium and communicating with the tempering ( 7 ), whereby at one of the termination unit ( 14 ) facing side of the collector unit ( 18 ) at least one in alignment with the temperature control line ( 7 ) aligned collector-side connecting piece ( 20 ) is arranged, the the connecting piece ( 15 ) of the connection unit ( 14 ) with the end portion of the tempering line ( 7 ) engages positively.

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