DE102015210541B4 - Device for shifting a transmission, transmission with switching device and method for operating the switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

Switching device for switching a transmission with a first group of switching elements, and a second group of switching element and a switching shaft with at least one encoder element, wherein the switching shaft is displaceable at least in a zero position, relative to its rotational position, along a longitudinal axis in various discrete shift positions and the Shift shaft is rotatably mounted about this longitudinal axis, wherein at least two switching elements are selectable by the shifting and can be actuated by the rotation of at least one of these switching elements, further comprises the switching device at least a first slave element, which is arranged to actuate a switching element from the first group of switching elements is, and at least a second slave element, which is adapted to operate one of the switching elements of the second group of switching elements, wherein by moving the at least one donor element at least one of these Nehmerelem duck is actuated, characterized in that the switching device has at least a third group of switching elements and at least a third slave element, which is arranged to actuate a switching element of the third group of switching elements, that by a rotational movement of the switching shaft from its zero position in at least one direction of rotation from at least two of the three groups of switching elements at least one switching element, by one of the slave element, can be actuated that at least two of the selected switching element in-phase or out-of-phase displacement are actuated offset or out of phase actuated.

Description

The invention relates to a switching device for switching a transmission in a motor vehicle according to the preamble of the first claim, and a transmission with such a switching device and a method for operating the switching device. Such switching devices are known from the prior art, in particular from DE 10 2012 212 910 A1 , known.

The invention will be described below with reference to a manually shiftable transmission device for an automobile, it being understood that this is not to be understood as a limitation of the invention.

In automobiles with at least partially internal combustion engine drive gear are provided to adjust the power supply of the engine to the load requirement from the driving resistances. In this case, a large number of switching stages is provided in the transmission device in order to operate the internal combustion engine frequently in a favorable operating point, in particular based on consumption and emissions. The increasing number of gears, previously mostly 4 forward gears, currently 6 to 8, the transmission leads to an increasing complexity of the mechanical actuation of the transmission by the driver by means of a gear selector lever.

In order to be able to shift a large number of gears, for example six gears or more, complex mechanical systems and transmission structures are often necessary.

The DE 10 2012 212 910 A1 proposes a duo-synchro-principle in which two switching elements or synchronizations, from two groups of synchronizations in phase, out of phase or shifted in phase offset actuated. In this case, two synchronizations actuatable in this manner are referred to as duo-synchronization.

It is an object of the invention to provide a shifting device with improved operability for a transmission having a large number of shift speeds, particularly 5 or more speeds, and to provide a transmission with such a shift device and a method of operating the shift device.

This object is achieved by a switching device according to claim 1, such as a transmission with such a switching device according to claim 9 and a method for operating the switching device according to claim 12. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a switching device for switching a transmission, in particular in a motor vehicle. Under such a switching device is a manual device for switching a manual transmission to understand. Preferably, the manually applyable switching force can be influenced by at least one motorized actuator. In particular, by such an actuator, a predeterminable shift force for gear change is adjustable.

The switching commands of the driver via a gear lever, shift knob, gear selector lever are mechanically transmitted to the switching elements, in particular the synchronizers, a multi-speed transmission. For actuating the switching elements, the switching device has at least one selector shaft with at least one transmitter element, in particular a shift finger. This switching shaft is preferably mounted rotatably about its longitudinal axis and arranged axially displaceable along this longitudinal axis. Along the longitudinal axis, the switching shaft has a plurality of discrete displacement positions, wherein different switching elements can be selected by each of these displacement positions.

In the context of the invention, a switching element is to be understood as a device which is set up to selectively produce or dissolve a torque transmission between a component mounted on a gear shaft and the gear shaft. In particular, a switching element is understood to mean a device with positive or frictional or with positive and frictional torque transmission, preferably clutches in lamella design or claw design, as well as a sliding sleeve having devices. Further preferably, a switching element is understood in particular to be a synchronization with both frictional and positive torque transmission. Preferably, two synchronizations in each case in the context of time (in-phase or out-of-phase offset or offset in phase) are closed and, in particular, thereby a compaction of and a component reduction of the switching device and a transmission device can be achieved.

In order to influence the actuation forces for the actuation of these two synchronizations for one gear stage (duo-synchronization), parameters of the synchronizers are preferably varied during their design in order to achieve a desired actuation force. These parameters include, in particular, the cone angles of the synchronizers, number of friction cones, friction radius, friction coefficients of the friction linings and others. Further preferably, it is possible to influence the actuating forces by means of switching, dialing and Rastierungskrafteinrichtungen. Preferably, it is possible to provide a motor additional Aktuierung on the switching device and to increase or lower certain actuation forces to set for individual grades when loading predetermined forces.

Further preferably, by rotating the switching shaft about the longitudinal axis in one of these displacement positions at least one of the switching elements operable. Figuratively speaking, the displacement of the shift shaft along the longitudinal axis by a transverse movement, usually orthogonal to the main direction of travel of the vehicle, the gear selector lever in a conventional motor vehicle and a rotation of the shift shaft about this longitudinal axis by a longitudinal movement, parallel to the main direction of the gear selector lever effected.

Further preferably, the switching device for transmitting the movements of the shift lever / gear selector lever on the switching elements on at least a first slave element, which is adapted to actuate a switching element of the first group of switching elements. Furthermore, the switching device has at least one second slave element, which is set up to operate one of the switch elements from the second group of switch elements.

In particular, by the rotational movement of the at least one encoder element, which is rotatably connected to the switching shaft, at least one of these receiving elements can be actuated. It is to be understood in the context of the invention by operating one of these slave elements that this slave element is contacted by the donor element such that a movement, in particular a translational displacement, of the slave element is caused by the rotational movement of the donor element.

Further, by this movement of the slave element, which is preferably mechanically connected to one of the switching elements, the switching element connected thereto can be actuated. In this case, the actuation of the switching element in the sense of the invention means that the switching element, in particular a synchronization, is brought into engagement or disengaged. In particular, by a meshing switching element is a torque, in particular between a transmission shaft and a gear mounted on this, in the transmission transferable and by a disengaged switching element is therefore no such torque transferable.

Furthermore, the switching device has at least one further, third group of switching elements and at least one third slave element, which is set up to operate at least one of the switching elements from the third group of switching elements. In particular, by a third group of switching elements a particularly flexible design of the transmission is possible. Further, by a rotational movement of the switching shaft, in particular in one of these displacement positions, in at least one direction of rotation of at least two of the three groups of switching elements at least one switching element operable by one of the slave elements. In this case, the switching elements can be actuated in such a way that at least two of the selected switching elements can be actuated in an in-phase or out-of-phase manner in an overlapping or phase-shifted manner. In particular, by the extension of the switching device to a third group of switching elements, a particularly space-saving design of the transmission is possible.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first group of switching elements is mechanically connected to a first group of receiving elements, the wide group of switching elements is mechanically connected to the second group of receiving elements, and the third group of switching elements is mechanically connected to the third group of receiving elements , Preferably, each switching element is assigned exactly one slave element, in particular each switching element is mechanically connected to the slave element associated therewith. Preferably, the mechanical connection of the switching elements to the slave elements means that they are connected to one another by a shift linkage or preferably by one or more Bowden cables.

A first group of switching elements is preferably to be understood as meaning a first and a second synchronization, wherein these two synchronizers are connected to each other in such a way that they are operated in opposite directions, ie while one synchronization is engaged (torque transmission is enabled) the other synchronization is disengaged ( Torque transmission is interrupted). Preferably, two switching elements of the same group of switching element are arranged on the same transmission shaft or at least concentric with the same transmission shaft.

In this case, in the context of the invention under a duo-sync at least two synchronizers, or in particular the actuator for two synchronization, to understand, when pressing the duo-sync these two synchronizers are brought into engagement or disengaged or engaged and one disengaged. These changes in the state of the synchronization (in engagement, out of engagement) are carried out for the respectively synchronous to the synchronization synchronization preferably out of phase overlapping, preferably out of phase offset or in-phase. Further preferably, the two synchronizations belong to different groups of switching elements.

For the purposes of the invention, in phase-shifted terms, it is to be understood in particular that only one synchronization is fully actuated, and only then is the other synchronization. Under-phase overlapping is to be understood in particular that only the first synchronization is actuated and even before this operation is completely completed, the second synchronization is actuated. Further, the in-phase operation is to be understood in particular as meaning that both synchronizers are actuated from the beginning of the actuation of the latter at the same time and preferably to the same degree.

More particularly, this is to be understood to mean that a transmission element connected to the synchronization device, preferably a toothed wheel, is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission shaft on which both this transmission element and the synchronization are arranged. Next is under the disengage to understand that this rotationally fixed connection is released (no torque transmission allows). In particular, it is by the choice of how the duo-sync is actuated (out of phase, offset or in-phase) allows the switching behavior of the transmission device and also to influence the switching forces.

Furthermore, the switching device preferably has three groups of synchronizers, preferably at least one of these groups consists of only one simple synchronization. Preferably, the invention comprises at least two groups with at least two synchronizers, which are coupled / connected to one another in the manner described above, and the switching device preferably has three of these groups of synchronizers.

Further preferably, the switching device has three groups of slave elements, wherein each of the discrete shift positions from one group of the slave elements, one slave element each is assigned. It is to be understood in the context of the invention by assigning the slave elements to a displacement position that the slave elements, in particular switching frame, in the displacement position of the shift shaft by at least one or more donor elements (shift finger), in particular simultaneously actuated. Preferably, the number of existing groups of switching elements is equal to the number of existing donor elements.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the switching shaft on a plurality of donor elements, but at least one donor element. Preferably, these donor element are rotatably connected to the switching shaft and arranged spaced from each other in the axial direction of the switching shaft. Further preferably, the encoder elements are non-positively, preferably form-fitting and particularly preferably cohesively or with a combination of the aforementioned types of connection with the switching shaft connectable. Preferably, the switching shaft on the same number of donor elements, as groups of slave elements are present, preferably three donor elements. Preferably, different donor elements for contacting different groups of slave elements are set up. Preferably, the first donor element is configured to contact the first group of recipient elements, preferably, the second donor element is configured to contact the second group of recipient elements, and more preferably, the third donor element is configured to contact the third group of recipient elements. In particular, by the arrangement of a plurality of encoder elements on the shift shaft a vote of the donor elements on the individual slave elements is possible.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the slave elements, preferably at least one slave element of each of the three groups of slave elements, and more preferably each slave element is formed as a switch frame with a Schaltausnehmung. Preferably, the donor element is set up such that the switch frame can be contacted by the donor element from within the switch recess by the donor element. The switching recess preferably has a contact surface in the circumferential direction around the switching shaft. Wherein this contact surface is arranged for contacting by the encoder element, further preferably, the switching shaft extends in the axial direction at least partially or completely through one of these switching recesses, preferably through all switching recesses. For the purposes of the invention, the extension of the slave elements, in particular in the area of the switching recess, is to be understood as a width extension. In particular, by such an arrangement of the slave elements with Schaltausnehmung with respect to the shift shaft a particularly space-saving design of the switching device is possible.

In a preferred embodiment, the slave elements are arranged with respect to the shift shaft such that in at least one of these shift positions of the shift shaft of two of the groups of slave elements each a slave element is movable by rotation of the shift shaft in at least one direction. Further, in this displacement position, the slave element from the third group of slave elements can be fixed in position by at least one of the transmitter elements. It should be understood by fixing in the position that this slave element despite a movement of the donor element, ie the rotation of the switching shaft, the slave element is not moved. Such a fixation can be achieved in particular by an at least partially or completely circular-shaped switching recess in this slave element. Further preferably, the width extension of that slave element which is fixable in position, less than the width extension of at least one, preferably the other two slave elements. In particular, in an operation of the slave elements occur greater forces than in the fixation, so that the stress of the movable slave elements can be reduced by a larger width extension.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the receiving elements, preferably a plurality of receiving elements and preferably all the receiving elements at least a first and a second Nehmerteil. Further preferably, the slave element consists of at least a first and at least one second slave part or from a plurality of slave parts. In this case, these slave parts are designed such that each of the slave parts forms at least a portion of the contact surface of the switching recess. In particular, by splitting the slave element into a plurality of slave parts, the switch recess can be processed individually and as an outer contour, and thus a simplified production of the slave elements is made possible.

In a preferred embodiment, the slave element, preferably the switch frame which is not provided for actuating one of the switching elements (slave element which is fixable in its position) has a locking element. This locking element is preferably arranged such that a movement of the switching shaft in the longitudinal direction can be prevented. The movement of the switching shaft is preferably preventable when the shift shaft from its zero position, position in which the shift shaft is displaceable in the longitudinal direction, is rotated. In particular, by a locking element a particularly high operating safety with switching device is reached.

• – 100Cr6, (Wälzlagerstahl)
• – 100CrSiMn6,
• – 32CrMoV13,
• – Si3N4,
• – ZrO2,
• – Graphen.

zuvor genannten Werkstoffe sind insbesondere aus besonders verschleißfesten Werkstoffen für gleitende bzw. wälzende Beanspruchungen bekannt und mit diesen ist eine besonders betriebssichere und vorzugsweise verschleißfeste Schalteinrichtung darstellbar.In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the receiving elements, at least in the region of the switching recess or at least one of the donor elements in an area in which it is arranged to contact one of the receiving elements or both, as an ingredient comprises at least one material from a group of materials, this group comprises at least the materials:

• - 100Cr6, (bearing steel)
• - 100CrSiMn6,
• - 32CrMoV13,
• - Si3N4,
• - ZrO2,
• - Graphene.

The aforementioned materials are known in particular from particularly wear-resistant materials for sliding or rolling loads and with these is a particularly reliable and preferably wear-resistant switching device can be displayed.

In a preferred embodiment, the switching axis about which the switching shaft is rotatably mounted, arranged such that it lies in a plane of curvature. In this case, a section of the contact surface of the receiving element with this curvature plane at least partially a curved line. In particular, by this design of the contact surface, this results, at least in sections, preferably completely, as a concave or convex surface. Further preferably, the donor element is adapted to the contact surface such that a convexly concave or concave convex contact between the donor element and the slave element is formed. In particular, by a curved contact surface, a particularly low surface stress of the slave element can be achieved and thus an improved switching device can be displayed.

Preferably, the switching device according to the invention is used in a transmission device such that the transmission device has a first and a second transmission shaft, wherein the two transmission shafts are aligned axially parallel to each other. Furthermore, one of the groups of shift elements is arranged in particular on the first transmission shaft and at least two groups of shift elements are arranged on the second transmission shaft. Preferably, a first duo-synchronization is arranged on the first transmission shaft and at least two duo-synchronizers are arranged on the second transmission shaft.

In a preferred embodiment of the transmission device, the switching device has a gear selector lever, which can be operated manually by a driver. Preferably, this gear selector lever is movable along a Wähllinie. In this case, this Wähllinie is transversely in particular at least substantially orthogonal to the main direction of travel (forward-backward) movable. Further preferably, this gear selector lever is mechanically coupled to the shift shaft such that a movement of the gear selector lever along the Wähllinie leads to a shift of the shift shaft in the longitudinal direction. Further preferably, the gear selector lever in at least four discrete positions on this Wähllinie orthogonal to the Wähllinie, so in the vehicle longitudinal direction movable in two opposite directions, preferably in a front and a rear end position movable. In this case, the gear selector lever is mechanically coupled to the shift shaft, that this orthogonal movement leads to Wähllinie to a rotation of the shift shaft about the shift axis. Further preferably, each of the end positions of the gear selector lever is assigned a switching state of the transmission device in the four discrete positions along this Wähllinie. In particular, with such a circuit diagram in four discrete positions in the transverse direction eight switching states of the transmission device switchable, figuratively speaking are thus eight gears of the transmission device, without the neutral gear, inserted.

In a preferred embodiment, the switching shaft is arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the transmission device, in particular transversely to an axis of rotation of a transmission input or output shaft or both shafts of the transmission device.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one slave element has an at least partially circular switching recess. Further preferably, such a receiving element has a completely circular switching recess. In particular, such a switching recess is formed so that at least partially or completely has an equidistant distance from the switching axis for contacting with the encoder element. Further preferably, a slave element with such a design of the switching recess has a smaller width than differently shaped slave elements. Preferably, the width (extent in the axial direction of the indexing axis) is at least 2% less, preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, and more preferably at least 50% less than the width of the other receiving elements.

In particular, by the at least partially circular design of the Schaltausnehmung be transmitted from the donor element, even with a movement of the donor element, no actuating forces on the slave element, but this is held or locked in its current position.

Since no actuating forces can be transmitted to a switching element connected to this slave element, this switching element is also held / locked in its instantaneous position. In particular, due to the low stress of this slave element, the width can be reduced and thereby a smaller space requirement is given and an improved switching device can be displayed.

In a preferred embodiment, the switching device has at least one motor-driven Schaltkraftaktuator. Preferably, the device has at least one force measuring sensor, which is adapted to a switching force, ie the force which the user when changing a Gear stage is applied to measure. Preferably, this shift force F _switch at any location between the gear selector lever and the shift shaft, or on the shift shaft, are measured.

Preferably, the Schaltkraftaktuator is controlled such that there is a predeterminable ratio or a predetermined distribution of the switching forces for the individual circuits of the switching device. In this sense, a change in the gears of the transmission device is to be understood in this sense under a circuit.

In particular, among the forces discussed below are the maximum forces occurring in a circuit and preferably each of the mean of these forces. In particular, in a duo-synchronous circuit switching power can result for individual circuits, which are perceived by the user as unpleasant or which lead to incorrect operation of the switching device by too fast, too slow or not complete insertion of a gear of the transmission.

By a Schaltkraftaktuator with motor drive and the corresponding control of this actuator, it is possible to increase the applied by the operator to change gear shift force or reduce or not to influence and thus to achieve an improved switching behavior. Preferably, the shift force is supported such that it is greater for a change from 1st to 2nd gear and vice versa than the shift force when changing from penultimate to last gear. For example, under the last gear in an eight-speed gearbox, transmission with 8 forward gears, the 8th gear to understand. Further preferably, the so-called actuation force given by the mechanical resistances is supplemented by an actuator force which can be applied by the motoric shift force actuator in such a way that the shifting force relationships described above result. Preferably, the switching force applied by the operator is supplemented by a portion predeterminable, in particular for each different gear change. Preferably, the applied switching force is increased in proportion to the applied switching force.

Further preferably, the applied switching force is supplemented such that there is a distribution for the shifting forces for individual gears, for which applies, switching force (s) for a change from the n-th to the n + 1-th gear is greater than the switching force (n + 1) for the change from n + 1th to n + 2th gear. Preferably, the same relationship applies to downshifts. Further preferably, the switching forces are, at least substantially, linearly increasing (downshifts) or linearly decreasing (upshifts) distributed.

In a method according to the invention for operating the switching device, it is first recognized whether there is a switching situation, that is, whether the user wishes to make a gear change. Further preferably, it is additionally recognized which switching situation exists, that is to be changed from which switching stage to which other switching stage.

Preferably, the switching force applied by an operator is detected with a force measuring sensor.

Preferably, the applied switching force is compared with a, in particular for each individual different gear change predetermined, setpoint for the switching force. An actuation force which can be applied by the switching force actuator is preferably applied when the applied switching force reaches or exceeds this setpoint value. Preferably, the setpoint values for the switching force are variable.

More preferably, the Aktuierungskraft F _act is selected such that the sum of the Aktuierungskraft F _act and the operating force F _Bet the shift force F resulting _switching. By Schaltkraftaktor thus in particular no automation of the transmission device is possible, but the targeted influence of the switching forces which are applied by the operator to change the individual gear ratios. With such a device, it is thus possible to specify the switching forces substantially free of the mechanical boundary conditions of the switching device for the user.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuation force can be determined, in particular by preliminary tests, and is additionally applied independently of the switching force applied by the user. In particular, by a predetermined Aktuierungskraft a particularly simple method for operating the switching device is possible.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the determined by the user applied force F switching _circuit by a force-measuring sensor and to determine the Aktuierungskraft F _act used. Further, the shift force is preferably compared with a target shift force. More preferably the force applied by the operator shift force F is _switched and the target shift force F _desired path dependent. In particular, by measuring the applied switching force and the determination of the actuation force based on this measurement, it is possible to provide the user with a particularly convenient human-machine interface. In particular, the following forces are related to the same place in the switching device measurable, F _switching, F _act F _to F _Bet.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a sensor is provided, which is set up for measuring the derailleur. Here, the switching path is a way to understand that must be covered to cause a gear change of the transmission device. In particular, the shift travel is understood to mean the movement of the gear selector lever, preferably a mechanical connection between the gear selector lever and the selector shaft or the like. In particular, by determining a switching path and the assignment of forces to this switching path, in particular the dependence of the forces of this switching path, a switching force profile for each circuit can be predetermined and thus a particularly comfortable, or reproducible, switching behavior can be displayed.

In a preferred embodiment, the Aktuierungskraft F is controlled _act such that the shift force F _switching for changing the shift stage from n to n + 1, at least substantially, the shifting force for changing the shift speed of n + 1 corresponds to n, for example, thus that the switching force for the change from 3rd to 4th gear corresponds to the switching power for the change from 4th to 3rd gear. By such a distribution of the switching forces results in a roof-like distribution for the upshifting and downshifting of the individual gear ratios, with studies showing that this switching behavior is particularly advantageous.

In a preferred embodiment, a first difference F _ΔI between the _{shifting forces} for changing the gear ratio from n to n + 1 and a second difference F _ΔII between the _{shifting forces} for changing the gear ratios from n + 1 to n + 2 are at least substantially equal large. In particular, by such constant differences in the switching forces for changing the switching stages allow the user to insert this particularly safe.

In a preferred embodiment, the differences between a plurality of shift forces, which result in the engagement of adjacent gear ratios, ie for engaging gear ratios of n and n + 1 and n + 1 and the same size. Further preferably, all these differences are equal.

In a preferred embodiment, the forces that must be applied by the user to insert a particular switching stage are changeable. By this is meant in particular that the force for inserting the n-th switching stage is changeable. For example, in a sports mode, the shift force F shift required to engage the shift _{stages is} greater than in a comfort mode. In particular, the height of the switching forces is variable by a user input. Further preferably, driving parameters, preferably the driving speed, preferably the acceleration and others are used to change the shifting forces. In particular, the fact that the shifting forces are variable as a function of driving conditions is a particularly safe engagement of the switching stages of the transmission device allows.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the illustrated figures, in which:

1 : a sectional view of a seven-speed transmission,

2 : a sectional view of a six-speed transmission,

3 : a perspective view of a switching device,

4 : a circuit diagram with four shift gates,

5 : different forms of multi-part slave elements,

6 a schematic switching device for a six-speed transmission,

7 : a schematic shifting device for a seven-speed gearbox,

8th : a perspective sectional view of a switching device,

9 : a perspective sectional view of a switching device,

10a : a view of the shifting forces for the gear changes, as they are adjustable by motor actuation,

10b : a view for the distribution of the shifting force during the gear change,

11a : a circuit diagram for a 7-speed transmission,

11b : a circuit diagram for a 6-speed gearbox.

1 shows a sectional view of a transmission HG, which is designed as a 7-speed, manually switchable transmission, wherein the drive power of an internal combustion engine (not shown) via the clutch K to the transmission HG is selectively fed. 7-speed meant in this case that the transmission has 7 forward and one reverse. On the input shaft W.1 a first group of switching elements SE.1 is arranged. In this group of switching elements, a brake B03 and a clutch K13 are accommodated. In this case, the clutch K13 is provided to selectively connect the shaft W.1 rotationally fixed to the shaft W.3. The shaft W.3 is designed to transmit drive power from the transmission input in the direction of the axle drive AG. In this case, the axle drive AG is designed as a Vorderachsdifferentialgetriebe. The transmission HG has a planetary PR. The planetary gear PR is formed as a combination of at least two planetary gears and can be considered as Ravigneaux wheelset.

Furthermore, a second group of switching elements SE.2 and a third group of switching elements SE.3 are accommodated in the transmission HG. In the second group of switching elements SE.2, the brake B06 and the clutch K56 is included. The wave W.6 is arranged axially parallel to the shaft W.1. By activating individual brakes (B03, B06, B07) as well as individual clutches (K13, K56, K57), the transmission ratios between the shaft W.1 and the shaft AW can be changed and thus the transmission HG can be shifted in discrete steps (gears).

The group of switching elements SE.1 can be actuated via the shift fork Sg.1, the group of switching elements SE.2 can be actuated via the shift fork Sg.2 and the group of switching elements SE.3 can be actuated via the shift fork Sg.3.

With the coupling K57, the shaft W.5 with the shaft W.7 selectively rotatably connected, with the coupling K56, the shaft W.5 with the shaft W.6 selectively rotatably connected.

With the brake B03, the shaft W.3 is selectively selectively fixed relative to the housing of the transmission HG, with the brake B07, the shaft W.7 relative to the housing of the transmission HG can be fixed.

The groups of switching elements are each designed such that in the group of switching elements SE.1 either the brake B03 or the clutch K.13 is activated, but not both simultaneously, in the group SE.2 the brake B06 or the clutch K56 and in group SE.3 brake B07 or clutch K57.

In particular, by this design of the transmission HG with the three groups of switching elements a particularly compact design is possible.

2 shows a sectional view of a transmission HG, which is designed as a 6-speed, manually switchable transmission, wherein the drive power of an internal combustion engine (not shown) via the clutch K to the transmission HG is selectively fed. 6-speed meant in this case that the transmission has 6 forward and one reverse. On the input shaft W.1 a first group of switching elements SE.1 is arranged. In this group of switching elements, a brake B03 and a clutch K13 are accommodated. In this case, the clutch K13 is provided to selectively connect the shaft W.1 rotationally fixed to the shaft W.3. The shaft W.3 is designed to transmit drive power from the transmission input in the direction of the axle drive AG. The axle drive AG is designed as a Vorderachsdifferentialgetriebe. The transmission HG has a planetary PR. The planetary PR is designed as Ravigneaux planetary gear.

Furthermore, a second group of switching elements SE.2 and a third group of switching elements SE.3 are accommodated in the transmission HG, these are on the shaft W.1 parallel to the shaft W.1 arranged. In the second group of switching elements SE.2, the clutch K56 is included. By activating individual brakes (B03, B07) as well as individual clutches (K13, K56, K57), the transmission ratios between the shaft W.1 and the shaft AW can be changed and thus the transmission HG can be shifted in discrete steps (gears).

The group of switching elements SE.1 can be actuated via the shift fork Sg.1, the group of switching elements SE.2 can be actuated via the shift fork Sg.2 and the group of switching elements SE.3 can be actuated via the shift fork Sg.3.

With the coupling K57, the shaft W.5 with the shaft W.7 selectively rotatably connected, with the coupling K56, the shaft W.5 with the shaft W6 selectively rotatably connected.

With the brake B03, the shaft W.3 is selectively selectively fixed relative to the housing of the transmission HG, with the brake B07, the shaft W.7 relative to the housing of the transmission HG can be fixed.

In this case, the groups of switching elements are each designed such that in the group of switching elements SE.1 either the brake B03 or the clutch K.13 is activated, but not both simultaneously and in the group SE.3 either the brake B07 or the clutch K57.

In particular, by this design of the transmission HG with the three groups of switching elements a particularly compact design is possible.

In 3 is a perspective, simplified view of a switching device shown. In the illustrated view, two switching frames Sa.1 and Sa.2 are shown. The switching frame Sa.1, Sa.2 are on the shift finger Sf, which is rotatably connected to the switching shaft Sw actuated.

The switching shaft Sw is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis La and displaceable along the longitudinal axis La. By the sliding movement different switching frame (not shown) can be selected and actuated by rotation of the switching shaft. The switching shaft Sw is connected via a lever Hw and Bowden cables Bz.1 and Bz.2 with a gear selector Gw. In this case, a movement of the gear selector lever in the longitudinal direction L, ie a movement parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis (main driving direction), leads to a rotation of the switching shaft Sw and a movement in the transverse direction Q, ie at least substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction L, leads to shifting the switching shaft Sw along the Longitudinal axis La and thus to select different switching frame and associated shift forks (not shown).

In 4 a particularly advantageous circuit diagram is shown for a manual 7-speed transmission (seven forward gears and one reverse gear). With the circuit diagram can be switched from the neutral position N, 7 forward gears 1 to 7 and a reverse gear R, wherein a random engagement of the reverse gear over a conventional lock Sp can be prevented. An advantage of this circuit diagram is that the gears are distributed on 4 shift gates. As a shift gate, the movement is referred to in the direction L, while the first shift gate forms the circuit 1st, 2nd gear; the second shift gate the 3rd, 4th gear; the third shift gate 5th, 6th gear the fourth shift gate the circuit 7th, R gear. The different shift gates are selected by moving in direction Q through the gear selector lever.

In 5 is an overview of nine different switching frames Sr, which in columns A to C and arranged in rows X to Z Sr.AX to Sr.CZ. Next, a perspective view of a single switching frame Sr with Schaltausnehmung Sa and shift fork Sg is shown. A displacement of the switching frame Sa in one of the directions B.1 / B.2 leads to a shift of the Schaltgable Sg and thus to an actuation of a switching element (not shown). The shift frames show exemplary embodiments of the individual shift recesses Sa. Further, a shift finger Sf is arranged in each of the shift frame recesses Sa. A rotation of the shift finger Sf to the right D.1 leads to a movement of the shift frame B.1, depending on the contour of the switching recess Sa. Accordingly, a rotational movement D.2 leads to the left to a movement B.2, wherein the movement B. 2 is dependent on the design of the respective switching recess Sa.

The switching frame Sr.CZ has, for example, a circular switching recess Sa.CZ, a rotational movement D.1 / D.2 of the switching finger Sf therefore does not lead to any movement of the switching frame. With the design of the shift finger contact track on the switching frame, the movement conditions of the shift fork are determined. The switching frame, which for the overlapping operation of at least two switching elements are formed, can be designed so that adjusts a certain shift force curve on the gear selector lever. In particular, the movement conditions of the shift forks and thus also of the shift elements are determined by the design of the shift finger contact paths on the shift frame.

In connection with the lever ratios on the shift lever, the transmission gear to initiate the rotation of the shift shaft and just the contact path on the switching frame, the forces and movements of the shift fork and thus in particular the applied by the driver operating forces for gear change, can be designed.

The switch frames are designed in several parts and composed of four respective frame parts St.1 to St.4. By this division of the switching frame into individual parts processing of the contact path between the shift finger and the shift frame is made possible as an outer contour, thereby in particular a better processing is possible.

6 shows a circuit diagram for a manually operable seven-speed transmission as this in 1 is shown. In this case, VR represents the displacement position, in which the shift shaft (not shown) is moved to engage the reverse gear can. V.1 to V.4 represent the other possible displacement positions of the switching shaft. The switching frame Sr are numbered according to the displacement position VS in which they are actuated. The individual shift positions and shift frame are assigned to the shift forks Sg.1 to Sg.3 and the operable with these switching elements B03, B06, B07, K13, K56, K57. Schaltrahmen which are not used to operate the shift forks are shown in dashed lines and formed as a locking device Sr.s, with which a displacement of the slave element, despite the donor element is moved, is prevented, and in particular by the synchronization, which with the locking device Sr.s is held captive in their current situation. The locking device Sr. is to be understood as a switching frame with an at least partially or completely circular Schaltausnehmung. Since these switching frames Sr.s transmitted no actuating forces, the stress of these is less and the width of the switching frame Sr.s is less than the width of the remaining switching frame Sr.

7 shows a circuit diagram as it is from 6 However, this is adapted to a manually switchable six-speed transmission as this from the 2 is known.

8th shows a perspective full-section view of a switching device with a plurality of switching frame Sr and with multiple shift fingers Sf.m. The switching shaft SW is along the longitudinal axis La in the direction of displacement VSR in the different displacement positions (not shown) displaceable and rotatable about the longitudinal axis La in the rotational directions D.1 / D.2. By the rotational movement D.1 / D.2 the selected switching frame Sr are displaceable on the shift finger Sf.m, by means of the shift position in the direction VSR different switching frame can be selected.

To shift the switching shaft SW, the switching device has a first connection point 11 for a Bowden cable. Between the gear selector lever (not shown) and this connection point 11 a first Schaltkraftaktuator (not shown) may be used to adjust the switching force. Alternatively, the Schaltkraftaktuator be articulated at its own connection point. The Bowden cable (not shown) can be connected to the gear selector lever. For rotating the switching shaft SW, the switching device has an intermediate gear 14 on. At the second connection point 12 is also a Bowden cable, which is connected to the gear lever, connected. Further, between the gear selector and this second connection point, a second Schaltkraftaktuator be connected, alternatively, this can also be connected to its own connection point. This connection of the or the Schaltkraftaktuators is independent of the remaining configuration of the switching device allows. In order to achieve a further defined switching force on the gear selector lever, the switching device has a Wählkraftsystem 13 and a shift system 10 Such systems are known in the art.

The shift forks for actuating the synchronizers can be connected directly to the shift frame or via an intermediate housing.

In 9 is shown a perspective full section of another embodiment of the switching devices. In this case, this switching device is similar to the in 8th illustrated embodiment. The following is essentially based on the differences between the in 8th and 9 illustrated embodiment received. In the 9 shown switching shaft SW has only a single donor element, ie the shift finger Sf, in contrast to the plurality of shift fingers Sf.m on. The switching frames Sr are adapted according to these differences.

10a shows an example of the shift force F distribution _switching for the change of the switching stages in a six-speed transmission mechanism. For more or less switching stages this scheme can be extended accordingly. In this case, "1.-2." Means the _{shifting force} F required for the change from the first to the second gear. It can be seen that the switching force for changing low gears is greater than the switching force for changing the higher gears. The course of the switching force corresponds at least substantially to a linear shift force curve. Here, the switching force requirement for a change from the fifth to the sixth gear is about the same as the switching force for a change from the sixth to the fifth gear. The illustrated distribution of the shifting forces for the individual gear changes is perceived by operators to be particularly pleasant. Such a distribution of the shifting forces for changing the gear ratios can be achieved via a special design of the synchronizers, or can be achieved particularly easily by a motor additional Aktuierung the switching device. Advantageously, a motor additional Aktuierung offers the possibility to eliminate certain external influences on the switching forces.

Such external influences can be, for example, the temperature of the transmission device and aging states. For the user, the same operating forces for the transmission can always be set with additional motorized actuation. For example, a transmission with such Zusatzaktuierung the same operating force for engaging a certain gear ratio when starting in winter as well as after prolonged operation and warmed up gear.

Next differs the switching force to engage the 1st gear from the neutral position N of the transmission to the differential force F _ΔI , of the switching power to _engage the 2nd gear, when changing 1st in the 2nd gear. Further, the shift force for _engaging the 2nd gear, when changing from 1st to 2nd gear by the differential force F _{.DELTA.II differs} from the _{shift force to engage} the 3rd gear when changing 2nd in the 3rd gear. In addition, the forces F _ΔI and F _{ΔII are} at least substantially equal. In addition, the differential forces between several and preferably between all circuits shown are the same size. Such a switching behavior is particularly advantageous over the mechanical Zusatzaktuierung achievable.

10b shows an example of the composition of the switching force F _switch from the required for engaging the gear ratio, in particular due to friction and inertial forces, required operating force F _Bet and applied by the Zusatzaktuierung actuator force F _Akt , which is modulated such that the force F _schalt meets certain conditions ,

Here, F represents the _switching force component, which the user initiates on the gear selector in the system and what is required by the switching stage n + 1, n, starting from the switching stage, or vice versa, to insert. F _Bet, in this context, as stated, to be understood as the proportion of the _switching force F, resulting from the operation state of the transmission and the switching means. The force F _act in this context represents the proportion of the force F _schalt resulting from the additional actuation.

In the case shown, the user would expect a large force F _switch to engage the gear ratio, but the actually required actuation force F _Bet is less than this predetermined expectation and additional Aktuierungskraft F _{Akt is} applied by the Zusatzaktuierung, so that the predetermined switching force F _switches established. In the illustrated case, the need to insert the switching stage force F is increased by the Zusatzaktuierung _switching.

It is also possible, the force F required to insert the shift speed _switching to reduce by the force applied by the force F Zusatzaktuierung _Bet. In such a case, therefore, the actuating force F _{Bet is} already greater than switching force F _switch and the Aktuierungskraft F _Akt is selected so that the user with the predetermined switching force F _switch can perform the corresponding gear change. So would already to insert the transition Classified required force F _Bet above the predetermined force F _switching are, a corresponding Aktuierungskraft F _act in the sense of a servo motor can be applied by the Zusatzaktuierung.

In 11a an exemplary circuit diagram for a seven-speed transmission is shown. In this case, an X in this circuit diagram means that the corresponding circuit element is actuated, or actuated to engage this switching stage, must be inserted. The switching elements are referred to in this and the following example only with numbers, while the switching element K13 corresponds to the switching element 13. switching elements, which are designed as a brake have a "0" in the name, for example, corresponds to the brake B06 the switching element 06 in the circuit diagram , The leading letters in the description are omitted for clarity. In the left column of the circuit diagram, the gear selected in each case can be read off and in the line associated with this gear, the switching elements to be engaged are listed.

For another gear topology, a different circuit scheme from this circuit scheme may result.

In 11b is an example of a circuit diagram for a six-speed transmission, as this example in 2 shown is shown. The comments apply to 11a corresponding. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS AG transaxles AW gear shaft B.1, B.2 shifting directions B03, B06, B07 brakes Bz.1, Bz.2 cables D.1, D.2 directions gw The gear selector HG transmission Hw leverage K, K13, K56, K57 clutches L longitudinal direction La longitudinal axis PR planetary gear Q transversely Sat, Sa.CZ switching recess Sat.1, Sat.2, Sr.CZ Schaltrahmen SE.1, SE.2, SE.3 first group of switching elements Sf, Sf.m shift finger Sg.1, Sg.2, Sg.3 shift forks sp barrier Sr Schaltrahmen Sr.s Switch frame with locking device St.1 to St.4 Switching frame parts sw shift shaft VS, V.1 to V4, VR displacement positions VSR displacement direction W.1 Transmission input shaft W3, W.5, W.6, W.7 transmission shafts 10 Switching power system 11 first connection point 12 second connection point 13 Wählkraftsystem 14 intermediate gear F _scolds Operating force F _act Aktuierungskraft F _Bet operating force F _ΔI , F _ΔII Differential forces when engaging a gear

Claims (19)

Switching device for switching a transmission (HG) with a first group of switching elements (SE.1), and a second group of switching element (SE.2) and a switching shaft (Sw) with at least one transmitter element (Sf), wherein the switching shaft (Sw ) at least in a zero position, relative to its rotational position, along a longitudinal axis (La) in various discrete shift positions (VS) is displaceable and the switching shaft (Sw) is rotatably mounted about this longitudinal axis (La), wherein by moving at least two switching elements ( B03, K13, B06, K56, B07, K57) are selectable and by the rotation of at least one of these switching elements (Sf) is actuated, further comprises the switching means at least a first slave element (Sr), which for actuating a switching element from the first group (SE.1) is arranged by switching elements, and at least one second slave element, which for actuating one of the switching elements from the second group (SE.2) of switching element e is set, wherein by moving the at least one donor element (Sf) at least one of these slave elements (Sr) is actuated, the switching device at least a third group (SE.3) of switching elements and at least a third slave element, which for actuating a switching element (B07 , K57) from the third group of switching elements (SE.3) is set up, and that by a rotational movement of the switching shaft (Sw) from its zero position in at least one direction of rotation (D.1, D.2) from at least two of the three Groups (SE.1, SE.2, SE.3) of switching elements at least one switching element, each by one of the slave elements, is operable and that at least two of the selected switching elements (B03, K13, B06, K56, B07, K57) can be actuated in an in-phase or out-of-phase overlapping or phase-shifted manner, characterized in that the first group of switching elements (SE.1) is mechanically connected to a first group of slave elements t and that the second group of switching elements (SE.2) is mechanically connected to a second group of receiving elements and that the third group of switching elements (SE.3) is mechanically connected to a third group of receiving elements and that the switching shaft (SW) at least a first, second and a third donor element (Sf) which are rotatably connected thereto and that the first donor element is arranged to contact the first group of slave elements and that the second donor element for contacting the second group of Nehmerelementen is set up and that the third donor element is set up for contacting the third group of slave elements. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that from each of the three groups of slave elements at least one of the slave elements as a switching frame (Sr) with a Schaltausnehmung (Sa) is formed and that the Schaltausnehmung (Sa) in the circumferential direction has a contact surface and that this contact surface by at least one of the encoder elements (Sf) is contactable and that the switching shaft (Sw) through the Schaltausnehmung (Sa) and that the switching frame (Sr) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (La) of the switching shaft (Sw), at least in the region Switching recess (Sa), have a width extension. Switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that in at least one of the displacement positions (VS) of the switching shaft (Sw) of two of the groups of slave elements in each case a slave element by rotation of the switching shaft (Sw) in at least one direction (D.1, D. 2) is movable and that of the third group of slave elements at least one slave element in the same displacement position by one of the donor elements is fixable in position and that the width extension of the slave element (Sr.s) from the third group is smaller than the width extension the other two slave elements. Switching device according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one of the slave elements has at least a first and a second Nehmerteil and wherein these Nehmerteile a portion of the contact surface of the Schaltausnehmung (Sa). Switching device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the switching frame (Sr), which is not provided for actuating one of the switching elements, has a locking element, which is arranged such that a movement of the switching shaft in the longitudinal direction (La) can be prevented, when the switching shaft is rotated from the zero position. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the slave elements (Sr) is arranged at least in the region of the switching recess (Sa) or at least one of the transmitter elements (Sf) in the region in which it is for contacting one of the slave elements (Sr) or both, having as component at least one material from a group of materials and that this group comprises the materials: - 100Cr6, - 100CrSiMn6, - 32CrMoV13, - Si3N4, - ZrO2, - Graphene. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a switching axis about which the switching shaft (Sw) is rotatably mounted, is arranged in a plane of curvature that the Schaltausnehmung (Sa) in the circumferential direction around the switching shaft (Sw) around a contact surface and, in that this contact surface is arranged for contacting by the transmitter element (Sf) and that a section of the contact surface with the plane of curvature results in a curved line at least in sections, so that the contact surface has a concave or convex profile at least in sections. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device has a motor Schaltkraftaktor and that this Schaltkraftaktor is set up such that the force required to engage a gear with this force can be influenced. Transmission device with a switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission device (HG) has a first and a second transmission shaft and that these transmission shafts are aligned axially parallel to each other and that on the first transmission shaft one of the groups of switching elements (SE. 1) is arranged and that on the second transmission shaft at least two groups (SE.2, SE.3) are arranged by switching elements. Transmission device according to claim 9, characterized in that the switching device has a gear selector lever (Gw) and that the gear selector lever (Gw) along a Wähllinie in a transverse direction (Q) is movable and that this is a displacement of the switching shaft (Sw) in the longitudinal direction and that the gear selector lever (Gw) is movable in at least four discrete positions on said dialing line orthogonal to the transverse direction (Q) in opposite directions (L) to a front and a rear end position and that this results in a rotation (D.1, D.2) of the switching shaft (Sw) leads to the switching axis and that each of these end positions is associated with a switching state of the transmission device. Transmission device according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the switching shaft (Sw) is arranged transversely to a longitudinal direction of the transmission device, ie transversely to an input (W.1) or output shaft of the transmission device (HG). Method for operating a switching device according to one of claims 1 to 8 with a motor Schaltkraftaktuator for influencing a switching force, characterized in that this method comprises the steps of: detecting a switching situation and determining a Aktuierungskraft F _act for the Schaltkraftaktor and applying the Aktuierungskraft F _act on the switching device for changing the gear stage of the transmission device (HG). A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the Aktuierungskraft F _{Akt can be} predetermined and read from a storage device for at least one gear change. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that for determining the Aktuierungskraft F _act the force applied by the operator shift force F is _switched is determined and that for each different speed change, a target shift force F _{is to} be predetermined and that the Aktuierungskraft F _act is determined so that F _nom = F _switching or F _act = F _should - F _Bet . A method according to claim 14, characterized in that a switching path s is determinable and that at least one of the desired forces F _soll as a function of this switching path s can be predetermined and that the Aktuierungskraft F _Akt in dependence on the switching path s is controllable. Method according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the Aktuierungskraft F _act is determined so that the switching force F _switching for changing the shift stage from n to n + 1, at least substantially, the shifting force for changing the shift stage from n + 1 corresponds to n. Method according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that a first difference F _ΔI between the switching _forces for changing the gear from n to n + 1 and a second difference F _ΔII between the switching _forces for changing the gears of n + 1 after n + 2, at least substantially, are the same size. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the differences between all the switching forces resulting from the insertion of adjacent gear ratios, ie for engaging gear ratios n and n + 1 or n + 1 and n, are equal. Method according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the size of the switching force F _{switch is} variable.

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