DE102015202464B4 - Method and device for heat treatment of metallic components - Google Patents

Abstract

Quenching plant (100) for quenching at least one metallic component (Bn) with a quenching tank (110) containing a fluid quenching medium (M) and a transport unit (120) for transferring the at least one component (Bn) above one inside the quenching tank (110) Mirror (130, h1) of the quenching medium (M), wherein the quenching basin (110) is assigned at least one device which forces the quenching medium (M) specifically a flow in a translationally oriented flow direction (A), B), C)), wherein the Abschreckanlage (100) comprises a receiving and moving means (140) which receives the at least one component (Bn) and the at least one component (Bn) in at least one translationally aligned movement (a), b), c) offset , characterized in that the at least one component (Bn) with the receiving and moving device (140) depending on a material condition, a complexity of Geomet Rie of the component (Bn) and a desired quality of the component (Bn) in a rotational movement (d)) or (e)) about one of its axes (SXn, SYn, SZn; RXn, RYn, RZn) or in a combination (f)) of the movements (a) to e)), wherein the receiving and moving means (140) at least one drive unit is assigned by means of the at least one translational and / or rotational movement (a) to f)) of the at least one component (Bn) a predeterminable translational and / or a predetermined pivoting or rotating speed (v1_trans, v1_rot) is adjustable.

Description

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for heat treatment of metallic components.

The publication DE 199 09 478 A1 discloses a device for hardening parts, comprising a quench bath and a roller-type pressing device arranged rotatably about a horizontal axis, which at least partially dips into the quench bath and which has a plurality of receiving spaces along its circumference for clamping a part in each case.

The publication DE 297 01 378 U1 relates to a device for penetrating a charge of metallic workpieces with a moving, fluid medium, for example in the course of a heat treatment for preferably quenching a batch of metallic workpieces in a moving, fluid quenching medium. The document explains that it is the quenching of hardened, z. As in water, oil or salt baths is known that the properties of the cooled workpieces such as surface hardness, brittleness, etc., on the one hand depend on the temperature difference between the workpiece surface and quenching, on the other hand from the quenching or cooling rate and the medium used for deterrence , For a given quench medium, the cooling rate may be affected by both the selected exit temperature of the quench bath and by additional heat exchanging relative movements between charge and quench bath. For this purpose, it is known in the prior art to move the quenching medium through one or more circulation devices, pumps or the like, in order to gain influence on the workpiece properties via the cooling rate that can be changed thereby. In order to ensure a good heat transfer from the workpieces to the quenching medium and to avoid local overheating of the quenching medium, it is furthermore known that batches of metallic workpieces immersed in the quenching medium are circulated or flowed through in a defined manner by the quenching medium, optionally with the additional use of guide devices and the absorbed heat is removed by means of suitable cooling devices. Since the local flow conditions on the workpieces in particular influence the intensity of the heat transfer, additional measures are known which increase the intensity of the flow or change its direction in order to influence the local heat transfer conditions in terms of low-distortion and uniform hardening of the quench material. In addition to reversing the direction of the flow through recirculation devices, these measures include the use of one or more nozzles, through which the charge can be targeted at a high speed.

According to the document DE 297 01 378 U1 occurs an improvement in the penetration of a batch of metallic workpieces in a moving, fluid medium, when a device is used, comprising a pool containing a fluid bath, preferably a quenching tank, and means for introducing the quenching batch, wherein for generating a the charge defined by circulating and flowing bath movement at least one displaceable by a drive back and forth displacer is arranged in the basin through which the fluid quenching medium can impose targeted flow directions.

Also known is the publication DE 44 01 228 A1 , It discloses a recording and movement device with a quenched component is moved only translationally.

The publication DE 199 09 478 A1 discloses a device by means of which a component to be quenched can first be moved translationally via a roller conveyor and then rotationally via a so-called pressing device and subsequently in turn translationally via a conveyor device. The disadvantage is that three different conveyors are necessary to deter the component.

The publication DE 297 01 378 U1 teaches a quench tank with a liquid medium that can be forced into the targeted flow direction to quench the component immersed in the medium.

The DE 396946 A described device for hardening and cooling of rails, the rails can be moved translationally, but not rotationally.

The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus that / allows an optimized heat treatment in order to further increase the quality of the heat-treated components.

The starting point for the invention is a quenching system for quenching at least one metallic component with a quenching tank containing a fluid quenching medium and a transport unit for transferring the at least one component above a level of the quenching medium formed within the quenching tank, wherein the quenching tank at least one device is assigned, which forces the quenching medium specifically a flow in a translationally oriented flow direction, wherein the quenching system comprises a receiving and moving device which receives the at least one component and at least one component in at least one translationally aligned movement.

It is inventively provided that the at least one component with the receiving and moving device depending on a material nature, a complexity of the geometry of the component and a desired quality of the component in a rotational movement about one of its axes or in a combination of movements, wherein the receiving and moving device is assigned at least one drive unit, by means of which for the at least one translational and / or rotational movement of the at least one component about one of its axes a predeterminable translational and / or a predetermined pivot or rotation speed is adjustable.

Such abgeschallte Abschreckanlage has the advantage that beyond the previously existing position of use, depending on the component, a geometry-specific immersion position of the component during quenching of the component is made possible. As a result, it is achieved in an advantageous manner that a targeted displacement of the vapor phase from the interior of the component is possible better than before.

Such a stalled quenching system has the further advantage that not only the influence of the immersion position of the component on the movements of the component when immersed in the quenching tank of the quenching system can be influenced, but it can also be set by a drive unit, the component speed whereby the cooling rate of the component during quenching is specifically influenced in a geometry-specific and application-specific manner.

It is furthermore preferred that the at least one device assigned to the quenching tank is designed such that the quenching medium can simultaneously be forced to flow in at least two translationally aligned flow directions in a flow combined from the flow directions.

This has the particular advantage that the Leidenfrost phase is completed faster during the cooling process and thus the heat energy can be dissipated faster and more uniformly from the component, as explained in detail in the description.

In addition, the selectively selected resulting flow direction of the flow directions of the quenching medium advantageously leads to a defined adjustable cooling gradient in the component, as a result of which component-dependent previously explicitly selected component regions can be cooled more selectively or selectively weaker in relation to surrounding regions.

In addition, it is preferably provided that the at least one device associated with the quenching tank is further configured such that each of the translational flow direction intentionally imposed on the quenching medium can be forced to have a predeterminable quenching medium speed.

The advantage that each of the quench medium specifically forced translational flow direction a predetermined quench medium speed is enforceable, is also that the Leidenfrost phase is completed faster in the cooling process and thus the heat energy can be dissipated more quickly and smoothly from the component, such as is explained in detail in the description. In addition, advantageously the specification of the speed of the quenching medium additionally leads to the fact that the user of the device and the method has a further physical variable available in order to be able to influence the quenching process according to his wishes. For the purposefully selected resulting flow direction of the combined flow directions of the quenching medium, it is now possible to additionally set the cooling gradient in the component by specifying the quenching medium velocity. As a result of influencing the quenching medium velocity, it is thus also possible, depending on the component, to explicitly selectively cool component areas which have been explicitly selected in advance in comparison to surrounding areas.

In addition, the quenching system is characterized in that the receiving and moving means comprises a support unit with which a plurality of components are receivable simultaneously, and the plurality of components simultaneously in the at least one translationally directed movement or in the rotational movement about one of its axes or in the Combination of movements offset. Finally, it is additionally provided that the receiving and moving device is designed as an extended support unit, which has at least one means with which at least one between a plurality of simultaneously received components existing support distance is changed in at least one spatial direction.

The advantage is that several components can be simultaneously heat-treated, in particular can be quenched, and the distance between the components is increased in the quenching process, in order in particular to be able to perform a pivot / rotational movement about one of its axes, as will also be explained in more detail in the description. Thus, there is a time saving in production due to higher number of pieces per work step.

The patent application further describes a method for quenching at least one metallic component which is held above a mirror of a fluid quench medium formed within a quench pool and subsequently introduced into the fluid quench media, the at least one component for introduction into the quench media into a translatory plunge is offset and / or the quenching medium specifically a flow in a translational flow direction is imposed.

From this starting point, the method according to the invention is extended variant rich and is characterized in that the at least one component of a material composition, a complexity of the geometry of the component and a desired quality of the component dependent by means of a recording and moving device (140) with at least one drive unit in at least one of the direction of the immersion movement deviating further translationally directed movement or a rotational movement or in a combination of movements is moved, and / or the quenching medium is forced from the translational flow directions combined flow in at least two translationally aligned flow directions.

The method has the particular advantage that a targeted, adapted to the geometry of the respective component cooling rate is achieved, which causes a desired residual stress state of the component. Further advantages and effects are explained and clarified in the detailed description.

Component dependent is in a preferred embodiment between the component and the quenching one from the respective movements of the component and / or the respective movements of the quenching medium in a range between a resulting minimum relative speed> / = 0.2 m / s and a resulting maximum relative speed of < / = 10 m / s driven.

It is preferably provided that in the quenching of a geometrically simple component, in particular a simple thin-walled component or a component without cavities or undercuts in all Abschreckphasen a relative velocity in the partial region between the resulting minimum relative velocity of> / = 0.2 m / s and a resulting relative speed of </ = 0.5 m / s is driven. Thin-walled components with a material thickness of <5 mm are considered.

Further, it is preferably provided that in the quenching of a geometrically complex component with undercuts or cavities, for example a cylinder head in all Abschreckphasen a relative velocity in the sub-range between a resulting relative velocity of> 0.5 m / s and a resulting maximum relative velocity </ = 10 m / s is driven.

Finally, it is preferably provided that in the quenching of the geometrically complex component, in particular of the cylinder head in the Leidenfrostphase a resulting relative velocity in a partial range of> / = 2m / s up to the resulting maximum relative speed of </ = 10 m / s and in the a relative velocity in a partial region of <2 m / s is driven to the resulting relative velocity of> 0.5 m / s, wherein in the convection phase following the bubble boiling phase the selected relative velocity of the bubble boiling phase is maintained.

• 1 ein Temperatur/Zeit-Diagramm mit einem Temperaturverlauf über der Zeit während eines Abschreckprozesses eines metallischen Werkstückes innerhalb eines Wärmebehandlungsprozesses;
• 2 eine schematisch dargestellte Abschreckanlage in einer Seitenansicht zur Durchführung des Abschreckprozesses innerhalb des Wärmebehandlungsprozesses mit einer Aufnahme- und Bewegungseinrichtung in einer ersten Position;
• 3 wie 2, jedoch mit der Aufnahme- und Bewegungseinrichtung in einer zweiten Position;
• 4 wie 3, jedoch mit der Aufnahme- und Bewegungseinrichtung in einer dritten Position;
• 5 eine schematisch dargestellte Abschreckanlage in einer um 90° gedrehten Seitenansicht zur Durchführung des Abschreckprozesses innerhalb des Wärmebehandlungsprozesses mit der Aufnahme- und Bewegungseinrichtung in der dritten Position;
• 6 eine schematisch dargestellte Abschreckanlage gemäß 5 in einer Draufsicht;
• 7 die schematisch dargestellte Abschreckanlage in einer Seitenansicht zur Durchführung des Abschreckprozesses innerhalb des Wärmebehandlungsprozesses mit der Aufnahme- und Bewegungseinrichtung in einer ersten Position.

The variant rich invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following drawings in several embodiments. Show it:

• 1 a temperature / time diagram with a temperature variation over time during a quenching process of a metallic workpiece within a heat treatment process;
• 2 a schematically illustrated Abschreckanlage in a side view for performing the quenching process within the heat treatment process with a receiving and moving means in a first position;
• 3 as 2 but with the picking and moving means in a second position;
• 4 as 3 but with the picking and moving means in a third position;
• 5 a schematically illustrated Abschreckanlage in a rotated by 90 ° side view for carrying out the quenching process within the heat treatment process with the picking and moving device in the third position;
• 6 a schematically illustrated Abschreckanlage according to 5 in a plan view;
• 7 the schematically illustrated Abschreckanlage in a side view for performing the quenching process within the heat treatment process with the receiving and moving means in a first position.

For the purposes of the description, a horizontal direction relative to a quenching basin is intended 110 be denoted by "x".

By "y", the direction in the horizontal is orthogonal to the x-direction, and "z" is the direction in the vertical of the quenching basin 110 orthogonal to the x-direction.

An imaginary base plate of the quenching basin 110 is spanned in an x / y plane. Two opposite side walls of the quenching basin 110 are therefore in a y / z plane and two other opposite side walls of the quenching basin 110 are therefore in an x / z plane.

Within all figures, the same reference numerals for the same components are used below, which may not be explained again in each figure again all components already presented by reference numerals.

Quenching a metallic component Bn (n = number 1, 2, 3 ...), in particular a casting is carried out in the prior art by means of a fluid quenching medium (fluid) usually with water, wherein the component Bn when immersed in the fluid with respect to the water level as an interface, the water-filled quenching basin 110 translatory to a water level 130 too moved. Will when immersing the component Bn at the same time the quenching basin 110 filled with water, so the fluid moves, so to speak, through the rising water level 130 simultaneously in the direction of the component Bn ,

During quenching of the component Bn in a quenching basin 110 it comes in a first phase to wrap the entire component Bn with a water vapor bubble (so-called Leidenfrost effect) with a low cooling rate.

As the cooling progresses, nucleate boiling takes place on the surface of the component Bn resulting in significantly higher heat dissipation.

For complex geometries form inside the component Bn , in the complex structure of the component Bn formed interior spaces, inclusions of the water vapor phase.

These inclusions reduce the heat dissipation from the component Bn , The result is an uneven cooling of the component Bn with resulting inhomogeneous residual stresses within the material of the component Bn ,

In the last phase of quenching is the component Bn already cooled to the extent that nucleate boiling no longer occurs or only to a very small degree. In this phase, the heat transfer takes place starting from the component Bn on the quenching medium predominantly by convection at the surface of the quenching medium and with significantly lower cooling rate compared to the phase of bubble boiling.

In detail:

The 1 shows in a temperature ( T )/Time ( t ) Chart a temperature profile over time during a quenching process of a metallic component Bn within a heat treatment process.

The metallic component Bn is annealed in an annealing system and points at the time t0 For example, an average annealing temperature, in particular a medium solution annealing temperature, for example, above an average component temperature T1 of 500 ° C, for example.

At the time t1 the quenching of the component begins Bn by means of a quenching medium M , in particular a fluid.

The following information on the temperatures of the quenching medium M apply to water (water bath). For other quenching media M For example, oils (oil bath) or salty liquids (salt bath) apply different temperatures.

Leidenfrost phase I :

From the time t1 begins the Leidenfrost phase I , within the component Bn below the mean component temperature T1 is cooled from, for example, 500 ° C, which is in the Leidenfrost phase I around the component Bn around a vapor phase of the quenching medium M forms.

As already explained above, a complex geometry of the component occurs Bn , For example, in a cylinder head, in particular in the interior of the cylinder head or so-called undercuts or undercuts in the Geometry of the cylinder head to inclusions of water vapor, which reduce heat dissipation and cause uneven cooling, with the result that depending on the strength of the effect occurring in the component inhomogeneous residual stresses occur. The Leidenfrost phase I starts at the time t1 and ends at the time t2 , During the Leidenfrost phase I is the component Bn from a steam bubble of quenching medium M wrapped and the cooling rate is opposite to the subsequent Blasensiede phase II low.

Blasensiede phase II :

From the moment t2 begins the blister boiling phase II , within which are boiling bubbles of the quenching medium M on the surface of the component Bn collect. The bubbling phase II starts at the time t2 and ends in the embodiment at the time t3 at a mean component temperature T2 for example 100 ° C. The cooling rate in the bubbled phase II is opposite to the previous Leidenfrost phase I much larger, as based on the slope of the temperature characteristic between the times t2 and t3 becomes clear.

Convection phase III :

From the moment t3 begins the convection phase III in which the heat dissipation from the component Bn takes place by convection and via the quenching medium M is derived. The quenching medium M indicates from the time t3 a temperature that is lower than the boiling point of the water, so that no more nucleate boiling occurs. The mean component temperature T2 is at the time t3 in the exemplary embodiment about 100 ° C and is in the convection phase III from the time t3 by convection of the component Bn surrounding quenching medium M theoretically until reaching the ambient temperature at the time t4 further reduced. The cooling rate of the convection phase III is opposite to the bubbling phase II much lower. The cooling rate of the component Bn the convection phase III is also lower than the cooling rate of the component Bn in the Leidenfrost phase I , as based on the slope of the temperature characteristic between the times t1 and t2 . t2 and t3 such as t3 to t4 in the phases I . II . III becomes clear.

The idea of the invention consists firstly in the direction of movement of the quenching medium M in terms of the component Bn when immersing and quenching the component Bn in the quenching medium M and / or the direction of movement of the component with respect to the quenching medium M when immersing and quenching the component Bn in the quenching medium M to choose such that in the phases described above I . II . III avoid adverse effects and / or beneficial effects can be achieved.

The idea of the invention, on the other hand, is the relative velocity between the quenching medium M and the component Bn to influence specifically.

Furthermore, the idea is that the two approaches, namely the targeted selection of the direction of movement of the component Bn and / or the quenching medium M and influencing the relative velocity between the quench medium M and the component Bn to combine with each other.

The selection of the direction of movement of the quenching medium M and / or the component Bn and thus the design of the quenching process and the device necessary for this, takes place depending on the nature of the component Bn ,

The selection of the respective speed of the component Bn and the quench medium M and thus the relative speed between them, also depends on the type of component Bn from.

By the corresponding component-dependent selection of the respective direction of movement of the quenching medium M and / or the component Bn and by the component dependent selection of quench media speed M and / or the component Bn The cooling process during the quenching process in the phases described above I . II . III advantageously influenced in an advantageous manner, as will be explained in detail.

1. a) translatorische Bewegungen des Bauteiles Bn horizontal in +/- x-Richtung,
2. b) translatorische Bewegungen des Bauteiles Bn horizontal in +/- y-Richtung,
3. c) translatorische Bewegungen des Bauteiles Bn vertikal in +/- z-Richtung,
4. d) Schwenkbewegungen des Bauteiles Bn um in x-, y-, z-Richtung beliebig ausgerichtete Schwenkachsen,
5. e) Rotationsbewegungen des Bauteiles Bn um beliebig in x-, y-, z-Richtung ausgerichtete Rotationsachsen,
6. f) Kombinationen der translatorischen Bewegungen und/oder Schwenk- und/oder Rotationsbewegungen a) bis e) des Bauteiles Bn.

According to the invention for the component Bn based on the analogous to the quenching basin 110 defined Cartesian coordinates x . y . z the following movement variants are provided:

1. a) translational movements of the component Bn horizontally in +/- x-direction,
2. b) translational movements of the component Bn horizontally in +/- y-direction,
3. c) translational movements of the component Bn vertically in +/- z-direction,
4. d) pivoting movements of the component Bn about in the x-, y-, z-direction arbitrarily aligned pivot axes,
5. e) rotational movements of the component Bn around any axis of rotation aligned in x, y, z direction,
6. f) combinations of the translatory movements and / or pivoting and / or rotational movements a) to e) of the component Bn ,

It is understood that also movement directions of the component Bn between the Cartesian coordinate axes serving as the definition x . y . z can lie.

As a pivoting movement is considered a movement in which the component Bn pivoted at least once by less than 360 ° about a pivot axis.

As a rotational movement is considered a movement in which the component Bn at least once rotated at least 360 ° about a rotation axis.

1. A) translatorische Bewegung des Abschreckmediums M horizontal in +/- x-Richtung,
2. B) translatorische Bewegungen des Abschreckmediums M horizontal in +/- y-Richtung,
3. C) translatorische Bewegungen des Abschreckmediums M vertikal in +/- z-Richtung,
4. D) Kombinationen der translatorischen Bewegungen A) bis C).

According to the invention, based on the already defined Cartesian coordinates of the quenching basin 110 for the quenching medium M the following movement variants are provided:

1. A) translational movement of the quenching medium M horizontally in +/- x-direction,
2. B) translational movements of the quenching medium M horizontally in +/- y-direction,
3. C) translational movements of the quenching medium M vertically in +/- z-direction,
4. D) Combinations of the translatory movements A) to C).

It is understood that also directions of movement of the quenching medium M between the Cartesian coordinate axes serving as the definition x . y . z can lie.

The following explanations are based on a viewer who understands the device and method from outside the device 100 . 110 (Quench tank) lying location considered.

By these general preliminary considerations it is already clear that by varying the directions of movement a) to f) of the component Bn and by varying the directions of movement A) to D) of the quenching medium M as well as by changing the respective movement speed v1_trans . v1_rot of the component Bn (see comparative figures) and the respective movement speed v2_trans the quenching medium M (See comparative all figures) exist a very large number of different ways to design the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention.

Hereinafter, some embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings 2 to 6 (see 7 ) explained in more detail.

The quenching system 100 :

It is in the 2 and the following ones 3 and 4 Representing one or more components Bn (n = 1, 2, 3) only a single component B1 shown.

The 2 schematically shows a quenching system 100 for performing the quenching process within the heat treatment process in a kind of cut through the quenching basin 110 wherein the section in the x-direction along a longitudinal axis of a transport unit 120 is laid.

The transport unit 120 is a roller conveyor in the embodiment. About the transport unit 120 the transport of the component takes place B1 , which of a solution, not shown, in which the component B1 heated and annealed above 500 ° C, for example, via the quenching basin 110 the quenching system 100 is driven.

The quench tank 110 is in the exemplary embodiment with water as the quenching medium M filled. The quench tank filled with a certain volume of water 110 is through the in the 2 registered water level 130 according to the figures in the x / y plane, and the upper horizontal boundary of the water volume in the quenching basin 110 represents, symbolizes.

The water level 130 points in 2 a height level h1 on. The height level h1 of the water level 130 located in 1 below the roller conveyor 120 as a transport unit on the annealed component B1 lies.

The schematically represented component B1 is for example a cylinder head.

The quenching system 100 includes a receiving and moving device 140 , In 2 is the receiving and moving device 140 still in a first position 140 -1, in a so-called starting position.

The recording and movement device 140 serves the annealed component B1 with a predeterminable speed in one of the previously defined motion variants a), b), c), d), e), f) to move.

The quench tank 110 is provided with at least one device, not shown, which allows the quenching medium M with a predeterminable speed in one of the previously defined movement variants A), B), C), D can be moved.

As at least one device of the device 100 Pumps and / or propellers, not shown, are provided, which during operation are one of the movement variants A), B), C), D of the quenching medium M cause.

First embodiment - plunge pool:

Speed of the component B1 : v1_trans> 0
Movement of the component B1 : Motion variant c) +/- z-direction
Speed of quenching medium M v2 = 0:
Movement variant of the quenching medium M : none

The component B1 is in the first embodiment, after it has been annealed, on the transport unit 120 in the quenching basin 110 the quenching system 100 transported, and there takes the in 2 shown position.

There, the receiving and moving device takes the component B1 fixing in one from the starting position 140-1 distinctive second position 140-2 on, such as in 3 is shown.

The further procedure is not shown in the figures, but will be further explained using the same reference numerals for the same components.

The lowerable roller conveyor 120 and the component B1 (regardless of the roller conveyor 120 ) via the receiving and moving device 140 translated in -z direction into a lower position. The component B1 is thus below the first altitude level h1 of the water level 130 moved in -z direction. Because the component B1 on the roller conveyor 120 is arranged, the lowering of the component B1 by lowering the roller conveyor 120 towards the water level 130 accompanied until the component B1 below the water level 130 in the quenching medium M is immersed. The component B1 becomes, so to speak, together with the transport unit 120 in the quenching medium M immersed. The quench tank 110 acts as a plunge pool and is designed accordingly. The water level 130 is not raised in the + z direction at the first possibility.

Second embodiment - flood basin:

Speed of the component B1 : v1 = 0
Movement of the component B1 : none
Speed of quenching medium M v2_trans > 0:
Movement of quenching medium M : Motion variant according to C) +/- z-direction

The component B1 is in the second embodiment, after it has been annealed, on the transport unit 120 in the quenching basin 110 the quenching system 100 transported, and there takes the in 2 shown position.

There takes the recording and movement device 140 the component B1 in the second position 140-2 fixing on, such as in 3 is shown.

The further procedure is not shown in the figures, but will be further explained using the same reference numerals for the same components.

The roller conveyor 120 and the component B1 remain in the second embodiment in the in 3 shown position and the water level 130 will, how 4 compared to the 3 shows, by the corresponding volume increase of the water from the first altitude level h1 to the second altitude level h2 raised in the + z direction. The component B1 becomes, so to speak, by flooding the quenching basin 110 in the quenching medium M immersed. The quench tank 110 acts as a flood basin in this possibility and is designed accordingly.

Third embodiment - flood basin:

Speed of the component B1 : v1_trans> 0
Movement of the component B1 : Motion variant c) +/- z-direction
Speed of quenching medium M v2_trans > 0:
Movement of quenching medium M : Motion variant according to C) +/- z-direction

The component B1 is in the third embodiment, after it has been annealed, in one on the transport unit 120 in the quenching basin 110 the quenching system 100 transported, and there takes the in 2 shown position.

There, the receiving and moving device takes the component B1 in the second position 140-2 fixing on, such as in 3 is shown.

The further procedure is not shown in the figures, but will be further explained using the same reference numerals for the same components.

In this third embodiment, the component B1 about the recording and movement device 140 in -z direction by simultaneously lowering the roller conveyor 120 in the direction water level 130 in a given lowering speed v1_trans moved down, that is the component B1 is translationally lowered in a lower-lying in -z-direction position. As 4 compared to the 3 shows, the water level is 130 at the same time by the corresponding volume increase of the water from the first altitude level h1 to the second altitude level h2 in the + z-direction, so to speak raised translationally.

Fourth Embodiment - Flood Basin:

• - Speed of the component B1 : v1_rot> 0
• - Movement of the component B1 : Movement variant d) Swivel movement v1_rot or direction of movement e) rotational movement v1_rot
• - Speed of quenching medium M v2_trans > 0:
• - Movement of quenching medium M : Motion variant according to C) +/- z-direction

The component B1 is, after it has been annealed, on the transport unit 120 in the quenching basin 110 the quenching system 100 transported and takes the in there 2 shown position.

There takes the recording and movement device 140 the component B1 in the second position 140-2 fixing on, such as in 3 is shown.

Then the component becomes B1 , as in 4 shown is from the roller conveyor 120 in + z-direction in a raised position 140-3 above the second position 140-2 raised. The roller conveyor 120 is not lowered in this embodiment, but remains in an unchanged position.

In contrast to the third embodiment, the component is located Bn now freely movable above the transport unit 120 ,

After lifting the component B1 in the raised position 140-3 to the in 4 shown distance Z1 , between the bottom of the component Bn and the surface of the water level 130 , the water level becomes 130 according to the defined movement variant C), as also in 4 shown from the first altitude level h1 to the second altitude level h2 raised in the + z direction, that is, the quench tank 110 is flooded. That is, the water level 130 is lifted translationally analogous to the third embodiment.

The component B1 pivots or rotates in the fourth embodiment after lifting in the + z-direction about a predetermined pivot axis SX1 or rotation axis RX1, wherein the component B1 in the selected embodiment to those in the longitudinal direction of the component B1 lying x-axis pivots or rotates. The component B1 pivots or rotates during the immersion phase in the quenching medium M about the pivot axis SX1 or the rotation axis RX1.

The component B1 is thus summarized by means of the recording and movement device 140 in the defined motion variant c) first translationally in the + x direction from the position 140-2 in the position 140-3 raised and then according to the defined movement variant d) pivoted or movement variant e) rotatory moves.

The quenching medium M is raised translationally according to the movement variant A) in the + z direction.

This method according to the fourth exemplary embodiment with the movement variant d) or the movement variant e) is also collectively referred to as "rotary flood quenching".

Fifth Embodiment - Plunge Pool:

• - Speed of the component B1 : v1_trans> 0, v1_rot> 0
• - Movement of the component B1 : Movement variant d) Swivel movement v1_rot or direction of movement e) rotational movement v1_rot as well as movement variant c) +/- z-direction v1_trans
• - Speed of quenching medium M v2_trans = 0:
• - Movement of quenching medium M : none

The component B1 is, after it has been annealed, on the transport unit 120 in the quenching basin 110 the quenching system 100 transported and takes the in there 2 shown position.

There takes the recording and movement device 140 the component B1 in the position 140-2 fixing on, such as in 3 is shown.

The further procedure is not shown in the figures, but will be further explained using the same reference numerals for the same components.

Then the component becomes B1 first, as in 4 shown is from the roller conveyor 120 in + z- Direction into the position 140-3 raised, so that analogous to the fourth embodiment between the component Bn and roller conveyor 120 the distance Z1 arises, so that the component B1 is freely movable.

The component B1 becomes in position after lifting in + z direction 140-3 about the predetermined pivot axis SX1 in a pivoting movement or about the predetermined rotation axis RX1 in rotation, wherein the component B1 in the selected embodiment to those in the longitudinal direction of the component B1 lying x-axis pivots or rotates.

Subsequently, the lowerable roller conveyor 120 and the component B1 about the recording and movement device 140 independently translational in -z direction brought to a lower position, not shown. The roller conveyor 120 and the component B1 be below the first altitude level h1 of the water level 130 moved in -z direction. As the freely movable pivoting or rotating component B1 above the roller conveyor 120 is arranged, the lowering of the component B1 in this embodiment of a lowering of the roller conveyor 120 towards the water level 130 accompanied until the component B1 below the water level 130 in the quenching medium M is immersed. The component B1 becomes, so to speak, together with the transport unit 120 in the quenching medium M immersed. The water level 130 is thus not raised in this embodiment.

The component B1 pivots or rotates during the immersion phase and is simultaneously lowered in the -z direction during the immersion phase, thus pivoting or rotating the component B1 when immersed in the quenching medium M about the pivot axis SX1 or the rotation axis RX1 and translationally moves in the Z-axis direction.

The component B1 is thus summarized by means of the recording and movement device 140 in the defined motion variant c) first translational in the + z direction from the position 140-2 in the position 140-3 raised and then pivoted in accordance with the defined movement variant d) or rotatably moved according to the defined movement variant e). Then the component becomes B1 in -z direction according to the movement variant c) for immersion in the quenching medium M lowered.

The quenching medium M is not moved in the fifth embodiment.

The method according to the fifth embodiment is thus characterized in that the component B1 when immersed in the quenching medium M is pivoted according to the movement variant d) or rotated according to the movement variant e), wherein the pivoting or rotating of the lowering of the component B1 in the quenching medium M according to the movement variant c) is superimposed. This procedure is also referred to as "rotary dip-quenching".

To the speeds:

It is thus provided according to the invention, taking into account the not all embodiments comprehensive embodiments, the component speed v1_trans . v1_rot variable pretend.

The component speed v1_res is thus, depending on the exemplary embodiment, a translatory speed v1_trans in the x-direction or y-direction or z-direction.

The component speed v1_res can also be a swivel speed v1_rot about a pivot axis in the x-direction or y-direction or z-direction pivot axis SXn . SYn . SZn be (n = 1, 2, 3 ...).

The component speed v1_res can also be a rotation speed v1_rot around an axis of rotation lying in the x-direction or y-direction or z-direction RXn . Ryn . RZn be (n = 1, 2, 3 ...).

Finally, the component speed v1_trans . v1_rot if the movement variants a) to e) for the component B1 According to the motion variant f) are combined with each other, composed of at least two velocities vector relative velocity dv_res (+), dv_res (-) (see 7 and associated description), which is composed of one or more translational vectors and a vector acting in or against the translation direction of the rotational speed, in particular a pivoting speed or a rotational speed.

It is also provided according to the invention, taking into account the not all embodiments comprehensive embodiments, the quenching medium speed v2_trans variable, the quench medium speed v2_trans one of the defined movement variants A) to D) is assigned.

The quench medium velocity v2 thus represents a translatory velocity in the x-direction or y-direction or z-direction according to the defined motion variants A) to C).

Finally, the quench medium speed v2_trans when the movement variants A) to C) are combined with each other, one from at least two or three vectors of the translational velocities A) to C) composite vectorial velocity, which is listed as the movement variant D).

In the respective embodiments, quench medium speed is used v2_trans the rate of increase of the water level 130 in + z-direction according to the movement variant C). The slew rate v2_trans of the water level 130 the rising water level 130 from the first altitude level h1 to the second altitude level h2 the quenching medium M in the + z-direction can be inventively variably specified if the quenching tank 110 (Flood basin) is flooded.

Vertical movements of quenching medium M in the quenching basin 110 in the + z direction when filling the quenching basin 110 by changing the water level 130 thus realized by means of pumps or propellers or the like.

However, it is also conceivable, as explained, that movements of the quenching medium M in the horizontal direction in the x-direction or y-direction by pumps or propellers or the like, while maintaining the water level 130 or with a simultaneous increase in the water level 130 in + z direction.

After these explanations thus results in the implementation of the method when immersing the component B1 between the component B1 and the quenching medium M taking into account the translational component speed v1_trans and / or the translational quench medium velocity v2_trans a translatory relative speed Δv_trans ( 7 and description) or a resulting relative velocity, which is referred to as Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) is called, if they are both on the translational speeds v1_trans (Component speed) and v2_trans (quench medium speed) and additionally from the rotation speed v1_rot of the component B1 is based, as will be explained in more detail later.

As relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) becomes the differential velocity, that is, the vector difference of the translational velocities v1_trans and v2_trans and, if a pivotal movement or rotational movement of the component B1 is present, the rotational speed of the v1_rot relative to an outside of the device 100 defined dormant viewer defined.

It is intended that component dependent in the different phases I . II . II the quenching process, variably adapted to the respective component and thus from component to component different relative velocities Δv_trans . Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) be specified.

First inventive principle of the exclusive change of the movement variant of the component Bn and / or the quenching medium M compared to the prior art:

In known quenching systems, which operate on the principle of the first three embodiments, when immersing the component Bn relative speeds Δv_trans between the component Bn and the quenching medium M realized from 0.2 m / s to 0.5 m / s, wherein the component Bn in the prior art exclusively in the +/- z direction, according to the movement variant c) the component Bn concerning, and the quenching medium M in the prior art, according to the movement variants A) to C) is moved in the +/- z-direction and in the +/- x-direction or in the + -y direction orthogonal to the z-direction.

To achieve the effect of equalization of the cooling process with resulting lower local residual stress differences in the material of the component B1 can the known relative speeds Δv_trans between the component B1 and the quenching medium M from 0.2 m / s to 0.5 m / s are maintained according to the invention, when the movement variants differ from the prior art.

That is, the component Bn in a first case, when immersed in the quenching medium M , according to the movement variants a) or b) or d) or e) or f) deviating, in particular orthogonal to the immersion movement of the component Bn moves, for example, by dipping the component Bn and / or by flooding the quenching basin 110 takes place in the z-direction. Then the known relative speeds Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between 0.2 m / s to 0.5 m / s and maintained. The mentioned effect is due to the movement variants of the component which differ from the prior art Bn nevertheless achieved, as always a translational rotational movement, which starting from the immersion movement of the component Bn deviating, in particular takes place orthogonal thereto.

This also applies to the second case when the component Bn is not moved, but only the quenching medium M by flooding the quenching basin 110 is moved in z-direction. The immersion of the component Bn in the quenching medium M takes place in this second case according to the not known from the prior art movement variant D) of the quenching medium M. In this case can also be one of the known relative speeds Δv_trans be set and maintained.

By the combination of at least two of the translational movements A) to C), according to the movement variant D), the desired effect is already achieved that according to the invention inclusions of a vapor phase in the interior of the component Bn be better avoided, so that it to the homogenization of the cooling process with resulting lower local residual stress differences in the material of the component Bn comes because at least one of the translational movements A) or B) in combination with the translatory flow movement C) of the Aschreckmediums M Deviating in the z-direction, in particular orthogonal to the direction of movement of the component Bn is available.

The movement variants of the component Bn and the quench medium M of the first principle can be used alone or combined.

Second inventive principle of exclusively changing the relative velocity between the component Bn and quenching medium M compared to the prior art:

In addition, it has been found that, regardless of the movement variants a) to f) and A) to D) to the effect of better avoiding inclusions and to even out the cooling process with resulting lower local residual stress differences in the material of the component Bn comes when the minimum relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between component Bn and Quenching medium by increasing the translational and / or rotational component speed v1_trans . v1_rot is greater than / equal to 0.5 m / s, which also brings about the effect of equalizing the cooling process and further reducing the quenching time.

Third principle of changing the relative speed between component Bn and quenching medium M in combination with the change of the movement variant of the component Bn and / or the quenching medium M compared to the prior art:

The first and second principles can be used in combination.

The effects can be amplified by the component Bn when immersed in the quenching medium M , According to the movement variants a) to f) and the quenching medium M when immersing the component B in the quenching medium M , according to one of the movement variants A) to D) is moved. In combination, the minimum relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between component Bn and Quenching medium by increasing the translational and / or rotational component speed v1_trans . v1_rot greater than or equal to> / = 0.5 m / s. As a result, the desired effect of evening out the cooling process occurs even more and, accordingly, the quenching time is shortened as a further effect.

The following explanations relate to the principle mentioned in the preceding paragraph with the preferred movement variants differing from the prior art, the relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) by increasing the translational and / or rotational component speed v1_trans and or v1_rot between component Bn and quenching medium is greater than or equal to / 0.5 m / s.

Component-dependent relative velocities in the Leidenfrost phase I :

In known quenching systems are relative speeds Δv_trans between components Bn and quenching medium M realized from 0.2 m / s to 0.5 m / s.

The following information according to the invention apply to the Leidenfrost phase I ,

It has been found according to the invention that it as explained in a component having a complex geometry B1 , such as a cylinder head, in particular in the interior to undesirable inclusions of the vapor phase comes.

These inclusions are inventively avoided, and it comes to a homogenization of the cooling process with resulting lower local residual stress differences in the material of the component B1 if the minimum relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) for shortening the quenching time and equalization of the cooling process is greater than / equal to / 0.5 m / s.

Further shortening of the quenching time and equalization of the cooling process is achieved when the minimum relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) is increased above> 0.5 m / s, depending on the component relative speeds for a less complex geometric component having no or less accessible cavities or undercuts Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between> 0.5 m / s and </ = 2.0 m / s.

For a geometrically complex component, which has very inaccessible cavities and / or undercuts, in which form the undesirable residual stress differences occurring during quenching by the water vapor bubbles, relative speeds are even preferred depending on the component Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) > 2 m / s proposed.

For the maximum relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) to shorten the quenching time and equalize the cooling process, the technical upper limits apply, which does not further meaningfully increase the component speed v1_trans and or v1_rot and / or allow no further meaningful increase in quench media speed v2.

Maximum relative speeds Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between 2 m / s to 10 m / s, as will be explained later on an example calculation, quite conceivable.

An example related to 1 : For a 20 kg heavy component Bn made of cast aluminum, eg a cylinder head B1 , the quenching process takes place in the Leidenfrost phase I starting from the time t1 depending on the selected relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between Δvmin> 0.5 m / s and Δv> / = 2 m / s, at an average component temperature T1 of 500 ° C according to 1 until reaching the bubbling phase II at the time t2 until reaching the average component temperature of approx. 480 ° C between 15 and 100 s.

Component-dependent relative velocities in the nucleate boiling phase II :

The following information applies to the bubbling phase II ,

Generally, in the subsequent bubbling phase II the same relative speeds Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) with the corresponding minimum relative speeds Δvmin or maximum relative speeds Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) be driven, as in the Leidenfrost phase II ,

However, it has been found, depending on the component, that in the bubbling phase II the high relative speeds Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) > / = 2 m / s not required or depending on the component Bn even counterproductive.

Depending on the component, it is now proposed that the in Blasensiede phase II forming water vapor preferably with the following relative speeds Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) from the component Bn is led away.

For example, in simple thin-walled components without inaccessible cavities or undercuts, it is not necessary at all, a relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) to maintain.

For thicker walled components B1 with inaccessible cavities and / or undercuts, such as the cylinder heads, it has been found that starting from a preferred relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) > / = 2m / s in the Leidenfrost phase I optimally lowering the relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) in a range between> 0.5 m / s and <2.0 m / s.

It is thus proposed in the quenching of the thick-walled components B1 counting cylinder head, the relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) in the Leidenfrost phase I Δv> / = 2 m / s, wherein in the nucleate boiling phase II a lowered relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) from> 0.5 m / s to </ = 2.0 m / s. It has been found in an advantageous manner that with these settings in an optimal way - seen over the phases of the entire quenching process - both a shortening of the quenching time as well as a homogenization of the cooling process are possible, so that the material of the cylinder head B1 after quenching has only very low residual stress differences.

An example related to 1 : For the 20 kg heavy component Bn made of cast aluminum, such as the cylinder head, takes the quenching process in the Blasensiede phase I starting from the time t2 depending on the selected relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) from> 0.5 m / s to </ = 2.0 m / s, based on the average component temperature T of, for example, 480 ° C, according to 1 until the end of the bubbling phase II at the time t3 also between 15 and 100 s, where the component B1 at the time t3 a component temperature T2 of 150 ° has reached.

Particularly effective, especially in thick-walled components Bn with inaccessible cavities and / or undercuts, such as the cylinder heads, that movement variants for moving the cylinder heads according to one of said movement variants d) to f) are selected, depending on the particular material properties, the respective complexity of the geometry of the component Bn and the desired quality pivotal movement about a pivot axis SXn . SYn . SZn or a rotational movement about an axis of rotation RXn . Ryn . RZn allow.

In the two exemplary embodiments, which have been referred to previously as "rotary flood quenching" (fourth exemplary embodiment) or "rotary immersion quenching" (fifth exemplary embodiment), the steps of the two quenching methods and in each case the associated quenching system have been described by way of example 100 already explained.

By a pivoting movement or by a rotational movement of the component Bn namely, is effectively achieved during the Leidenfrost phase I the water vapor and during the bubbling phase II The boiling bubbles are discharged as quickly as possible from the interiors or undercuts the thick-walled cylinder heads.

For the pivotal movement of the cylinder heads around the respective pivot axis SXn . SYn . SZn or the rotational movement of the cylinder heads about the respective axis of rotation RXn . Ryn . RZn According to the invention, component angular velocities in the range of v1_rot 0.05 - 1.0 revolutions / s [rpm] have been proposed, it being found that for cylinder heads in the Leidenfrost phase I and during the bubbling phase II Angular velocities in the sub-range between 0.1-0.2 U / s are the most effective.

According to the invention, in the quenching of cylinder heads starting from an initial position, preferably pivoting movements with pivoting angles of, for example, +/- 30 ° at angular velocities in the partial range between 0.1-0.2 U / s about the respective pivot axis SXn . SYn . SZn realized.

According to the invention, in the quenching of cylinder heads according to rotational movements about the respective axis of rotation RXn . Ryn . RZn realized by at least 360 ° at angular velocities in the sub-range between 0.1 - 0.2 U / s.

The 5 shows a schematically illustrated Abschreckanlage 100 in one opposite the 4 rotated 90 ° side view for performing the quenching process within the heat treatment process with the receiving and moving device 140 , in the 5 already in the third position 140-3 according to 4 is arranged.

The view goes in 5 in the sheet plane in the x-direction of several components Bn ( B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5) or in the x direction of the quenching basin 110 ,

The recording and movement device 140 now includes a carrying unit 150 at the several components B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5, especially thick-walled cylinder heads Bn (n = 1 to 5) with complex geometry at several picking and moving devices 140 are arranged.

Each of the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5, depending on the design, a pivot axis SX (n = 1 to 5) or a rotation axis RX (n = 1 to 5) assigned. Representing is in 5 only the rotation axis RX (n = 1 to 5) offered.

• - Geschwindigkeit des Bauteiles B1: v1_rot > 0
• - Bewegung des Bauteiles B1: Bewegungsvariante d) Schwenkbewegung v1_rot oder Bewegungsrichtung e) Rotationsbewegung v1_rot
• - Geschwindigkeit des Abschreckmediums M v2_trans > 0:
• - Bewegung des Abschreckmediums M: Bewegungsvariante gemäß C) +/-z-Richtung

The 5 illustrates again a preferred embodiment of the invention according to the fourth embodiment - "Rotational flood quenching".

• - Speed of the component B1 : v1_rot> 0
• - Movement of the component B1 : Movement variant d) Swivel movement v1_rot or direction of movement e) rotational movement v1_rot
• - Speed of quenching medium M v2_trans > 0:
• - Movement of quenching medium M : Motion variant according to C) +/- z-direction

The roller conveyor 120 and the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 are from the starting position 140-1 over the carrying unit 150 the receiving and moving device 140 already in the upper position 140-3 been raised and are in the distance Z1 from the roller conveyor 120 freed. Between two components, for example, B3 and B4 is initially in the horizontal direction y a distance Y1 available.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 during lifting or after lifting into the upper position 140-3 pivoted about the pivot axes SX (n = 1 to 5) or rotated about the rotation axes RX (n = 1 to 5) according to the defined movement variants d) or e).

At the same time the water level 130 by the corresponding increase in volume of the quenching medium M from a height level h1 to a height level h2 in + z direction according to the movement variant C) is raised, so that the pivoting or rotating cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 by flooding the quenching basin 100 in the quenching medium M be immersed and quenched.

The preferred component angular velocity v1_rot when swiveling or rotating the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 is as explained between 0.1 - 0.2 U / s.

For the thick-walled cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 is provided that from the translational relative velocity ( Δv_trans ) between component Bn and quenching medium M and the rotational component speed v1_rot composite relative speed Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 and the quenching medium M in the Leidenfrost phase I greater Δv> / = 2 m / s.

In the bubbling phase II is explained as provided that the from the translational relative velocity ( Δv_trans ) between component Bn and quenching medium M and the rotational component speed v1_rot composite relative speed Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) between the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 and the quenching medium M less than 2 m / s, and preferably in the bubbling phase II is reduced to> 0.5 m / s to <2.0 m / s.

For the pivotal movement of the cylinder heads around the respective pivot axis SXn . SYn . SZn or the rotational movement of the cylinder heads about the respective axis of rotation RXn . Ryn . RZn According to the invention, component angular velocities of 0.05-1.0 revolutions / s are proposed, it being found that for cylinder heads in the Leidenfrost phase I and during the bubbling phase II Angular speeds between 0.1 - 0.2 U / s are the most effective.

Below according to 7 an example for calculating the relative speeds Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) for the movement variant of a sixth embodiment, wherein it is assumed for simplicity that the direction of movement of the component Bn and the quench medium M are parallel and act in opposite directions.

The 7 shows schematically the quenching system 100 for performing the quenching process within the heat treatment process in a kind of cut through the quenching basin 110 wherein the section in the x-direction, in turn, along a longitudinal axis of a transport unit 120 is laid.

For the sixth embodiment, the following assumptions are made:

Sixth embodiment:

• - Speed of the component B1 : v1_trans> 0, v1_rot> 0
• - Movement of the component B1 : Movement variant d) Swivel movement v1_rot or direction of movement e) rotational movement v1_rot as well as movement variant c) -z-direction v1_trans
• - Speed of quenching medium M v2_trans > 0:
• - Movement of quenching medium M : Motion variant C) + z-direction v2_trans

In the process, extreme values for the respective speeds are selected below, whereby a maximum possible range of the relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) covered within the method according to the invention under the conditions mentioned in translational immersion of the pivoting or rotating component Bn in -z direction ( v1_trans > 0, v1_rot> 0) in the same time in the + z-direction translationally increasing ( v2_trans ) Quenching medium M can be specified.

Assumptions about component size:

Height of Bn = 250 mm in z-direction, width of Bn = 300 mm in x-direction × 130 mm in y-direction.

Adoption:

swivel axis SXn or rotation axis = RXn aligned in the x direction.

Extrema 1:

1.1
Translational parallel movement of the component Bn in -z direction with the speed v1_trans > 0 (movement variant c) and the quenching medium M (Water) in + z-direction (motion variant C) with the speed v2_trans > 0 is equal to a relative speed Δv_trans = 5m / s.

1.2
Pivoting movement or Rotatory movement ( SXn . RXn ) of the component Bn according to motion variant d) or motion variant e) is equal to v1_rot = 0.05 U / s.

Extrema 2:

2.1
Translational parallel movement of the component Bn in -z direction with the speed v1_trans > 0 (movement variant c) and the quenching medium M (Water) in + z-direction (motion variant C) with the speed v2_trans > 0 is equal to a relative speed Δv_trans = 10m / s.

2.2
Pivoting movement or Rotatory movement ( SXn . RXn ) of the component Bn according to motion variant d) or motion variant e) is equal to v1_rot = 0.05 U / s.

Extrema 3.

3.1
Translational parallel movement of the component Bn in -z direction with the speed v1_trans > 0 (movement variant c) and the quenching medium M (Water) in + z-direction (motion variant C) with the speed v2_trans > 0 is equal to a relative speed Δv_trans = 5m / s.

3.2
Pivoting movement or Rotatory movement ( SXn . RXn ) of the component Bn according to motion variant d) or motion variant e) is equal to v1_rot = 1.0 U / s.

Extrema 4:

4.1
Translational parallel movement of the component Bn in -z direction with the speed v1_trans > 0 (movement variant c) and the quenching medium M (Water) in + z-direction (motion variant C) with the speed v2_trans > 0 is equal to a relative speed Δv_trans = 10 m / s.

4.2
Pivoting movement or Rotatory movement ( SXn . RXn ) of the component Bn according to motion variant d) or motion variant e) is equal to v1_rot = 1.0 U / s.

Determination of the resulting relative speeds of extremes 1 to 4:

As a reference point for the determination of the resulting relative velocities Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) each extrema 1 to 4 with a rotational speed component v1_rot each serve the centers of the surfaces that are farthest from the axis of rotation of the cylinder head.

According to 7 becomes a first reference point BZ1 and a second reference point BZ2 set that lie on a circumference. About the reference points BZ1 and BZ2 is maximum distance of the component surface of the component Bn from the pivot axis SXn or from the axis of rotation RXn Are defined

For a cylinder head are the reference points BZ1 . BZ2 for example, 250 mm apart, namely each 125 mm in the horizontal x-direction seen from the pivot axis SXn or the axis of rotation RXn away.

• U= Umgang
• Pl = Kreiskonstante,
• D = Durchmesser (= doppelter Abstand von Rotations- oder Schwenkachse)

• U = Pl * 250mm = Pl * 0,25m = 0,785 m

These reference points BZ1 . BZ2 describe during pivoting or rotational motion a partial or complete orbit of length: U = Pl * D

• U = handling
• Pl = circle constant,
• D = diameter (= double distance of rotation or pivot axis)

• U = Pl * 250mm = Pl * 0.25m = 0.785m

• v1_rot = Oberflächengeschwindigkeit der Rotations-/Schwenkbewegung,
• N_rot = Drehzahl der Rotations-/Schwenkbewegung) in = m/s.

The orbital velocity is calculated according to v1_rot = U * N_rot.

• v1_rot = surface speed of the rotational / pivoting movement,
• N_rot = rotational speed of the rotational / pivoting movement) in = m / s.

$$\mathrm{\Delta }\text{v\_res}(-)=\mathrm{\Delta }\text{v\_trans}-\text{v1\_rot}$$

je Extrema 1, 2, 3, 4 zwei resultierende Relativgeschwindigkeiten dv_res(+) und dv_res(-) je nach Bewegungsrichtung der Bezugspunkte des Bauteiles Bn gegenüber dem Abschreckmedium M, zwischen denen sich alle möglichen resultierenden Relativgeschwindigkeiten anderer Drehwinkel innerhalb der Extrema 0,05 U/s und 1,0 U/s befinden.In the superimposition of translatory relative velocities Δv_trans according to 1.1, 2.1, 3.1 and 4.1 of the extremes 1 to 4 and the rotational speeds v1_rot according to 1.2, 2.2, 3.2 and 4.2 of the extremes 1 to 4 at the angle of rotation at which the tangent of the reference point parallel to the translational relative velocity Δv_trans is, arise on formulas $$\mathrm{\Delta }\text{v\_res}(+)=\mathrm{\Delta }\text{v\_trans}+\text{v1\_rot}$$

$$\mathrm{\Delta }\text{v\_res}(-)=\mathrm{\Delta }\text{v\_trans}-\text{v1\_rot}$$

per extrema 1, 2, 3, 4 two resulting relative velocities dv_res (+) and dv_res (-) depending on the direction of movement of the reference points of the component Bn opposite the quench medium M between which all possible resulting relative speeds of other rotation angles within the extremes are 0.05 U / s and 1.0 U / s.

At the resulting relative speeds dv_res (+), the vector of the rotating movement of the component acts Bn in the first point of reference BZ1 in the same vector direction of the respectively assumed translatory relative speed dv_trans between component Bn and quenching medium M ,

At the resulting relative velocities dv_res (-) the vector acts on the rotating movement of the component Bn in the second reference point BZ2 in the opposite vector direction of the respectively assumed translatory relative speed dv_trans between component Bn and quenching medium M ,

After the calculation, the following values result for the extremes 1 to 4, for the time of immersion of the component B1 in the quenching medium M following resulting relative velocities between component B1 and quenching medium M : Extrema 1: Circulation speed of component B1: v1_rot = 0.039 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the first reference point BZ1: dv_res (+) = 5.039 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the second reference point BZ2: dv_res (-) = 4.961 m / s Extrema 2: Circulation speed of component B1: v1_rot = 0.039 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the first reference point BZ1: dv_res (+) = 10.039 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the second reference point BZ2: dv_res (-) = 9,961 m / s Extrema 3: Circulation speed of component B1: v1_rot = 0.785 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the first reference point BZ1: dv_res (+) = 5.785 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the second reference point BZ2: dv_res (-) = 4,215 m / s Extrema 4: Circulation speed of component B1: v1_rot = 0.785 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the first reference point BZ1: dv_res (+) = 10,785 m / s Resulting relative speed between component B1 and quench medium M: in the second reference point BZ2: dv_res (-) = 9,215 m / s

The least and the largest resulting relative velocity between component B1 and quenching medium M is thus taking into account the assumptions made at the time of immersion of the pivoted or rotating component B1 in the quenching medium M taking into account the stated specifications dv_res (-) = 4.215 m / s (extrema 3) and dv_res (+) = 10.785 m / s (extrema 4).

According to the invention it is provided that between the component Bn and the quenching medium M a range between the resulting minimum relative velocity Δv_res (-) of> 0 m / s and a resulting maximum relative velocity ΔV_res (+) of <15 m / s is driven and claimed. Namely, if other assumptions are made in the above example, the user has the range between the resulting minimum relative velocity Δv_res (-) of> 0 m / s and a resulting maximum relative velocity ΔV_res (+) of <15 m / s.

The 6 additionally shows a schematically illustrated quenching system according to 5 in a plan view, wherein the section in the area of the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 is placed in the x / y plane.

It is clarified that the carrying unit shown in FIG 150 ' is formed such that the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 after passing through the transport unit 120 arranged in series from the annealing furnace into the quenching basin 110 have been transported during the lifting in the + z-direction in the raised upper position 140-3 not only from the transport unit 120 free, but also by means of an offset permitting support unit 150 ' can be arranged offset in an x / y plane.

In the in 6 illustrated embodiment, the offset is made in the x direction. so that now between two cylinder heads B2, B3 and B3, B4 ... etc. each one distance X1 is trained.

In this case, the distance is also in an advantageous manner Y1 (see 5 and 6 ) in y-direction (two x distance Y1 ) doubled.

It is understood that the support unit can also be formed in such a way that an offset in the z-direction (not shown) can be realized alone or in combination with the x-direction and / or the y-direction.

In an advantageous manner, thereby the respective space around the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 increases, thereby pivoting or rotating the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 can be carried out in such a way that the desired effects occur even more improved and the desired effects between the components Bn without external influence. A mutual flow-side influence depending on the movement variants for the component Bn or the quenching medium M From cylinder head to cylinder head is thus largely excluded, so that the homogenization of the cooling process is guaranteed as desired.

It is also due to the offset enabling support unit 150 ' possible that the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 save space in the quench tank 110 can be transported as the cylinder heads B1 , B2, B3, B4, B5 in the quenching tank 110 the quenching system 100 be driven apart.

Finally, we will discuss other known quenching methods.

Quenching by means of water jet and quenching with air and quenching with spray with a water / air mixture or an oil / air mixture are known.

The invention is also applicable to these methods. It is proposed according to the invention that the relative speed Δv_trans respectively Δv_res (+) or ΔV_res (-) - According to the above - between a movable component B1 and a movable quench medium M (Subject to the change of the movements of the component with respect to the prior art) maintained or selected higher than previously proposed in the prior art.

Furthermore, according to the invention, that the respective component Bn not only translationally moved, but during the quenching process both in the Leidenfrost phase I as well as in the Blasensiede phase II pivots or rotates, achieving the same effects as the quenching system described in detail 100 and the described procedural approach can be achieved.

A major advantage of the described solution (s) is that the quenching system according to the invention 100 by conversion of existing series systems for the heat treatment of metallic components Bn can be produced.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Bn

nth component (n = number)

B1

first component

100

Device / quenching plant

110

quenching

120

transport unit

130

Mirror of fluid / water level

140

Recording and movement device

140-1

first position of the receiving and moving device

140-2

second position of the receiving and moving device

140-3

third position of the receiving and moving device

Z1

Distance of a component Bn from the transport unit

150

support unit

150 '

extended carrying unit

X1

Support distance between two components Bn in X direction

Y1

Support distance between two components Bn y -Direction

h1

first height of the water level

h2

second height of the water level

M

quenching

I

Leidenfrost phase

II

Blasensiede phase

III

Convection phase

T

temperature

T1

mean component temperature during the Leidenfrost phase I

T2

average component temperature after the nucleate boiling phase II

t

Time

t0

Zero time

t1

first time, beginning of Leidenfrost phase I

t2

second time, beginning of the bubbling phase II

t3

third time, beginning of the convection phase III

t4

fourth time, end of the convection phase III

BZ1

first point of reference 1

BZ2

second reference point 2

Δv_trans

translatory relative speed between two speeds v1_trans and v2_trans

v1_trans

first speed of the component Bn

v2_trans

second speed of quenching medium M

v1_rot

Pivoting or rotating speed of the component Bn

Δv_res (+)

resulting relative velocity between the translational relative velocity Δv_trans and a superimposed rectified pan or rotation speed v1_rot in a reference point

ΔV_res (-)

resulting relative velocity between the translational relative velocity Δv_trans and a superposed opposite swing or rotation speed v1_rot in a reference point

x

a horizontal direction

y

a horizontal direction, orthogonal to the x direction

z

vertical direction, orthogonal to the x-direction or y-direction

x / y plane

between the x and the y direction spanned horizontal plane

x / z plane

between the x and the z direction spanned vertical plane

y / z-plane

vertical plane spanned between the y and z directions

X

X-axis in horizontal direction

Y

Y-axis in horizontal direction, orthogonal to the X-axis

Z

Z-axis in vertical direction orthogonal to the X or Y axis

X1

Support distance between two components Bn in X direction

Y1

Support distance between two components Bn y -Direction

Z1

Distance between transport unit 120 and component Bn

SXn

Swivel axis in the x direction of the nth component

SYn

Swivel axis in the y direction of the nth component

SZn

Swivel axis in the z direction of the nth component

RXn

Rotation axis in the x direction of the nth component

Ryn

Rotation axis in the y direction of the nth component

RZn

Rotation axis in the z direction of the nth component

Claims (10)

Quenching plant (100) for quenching at least one metallic component (Bn) with a quenching tank (110) containing a fluid quenching medium (M) and a transport unit (120) for transferring the at least one component (Bn) above one inside the quenching tank (110) Mirror (130, h1) of the quenching medium (M), wherein the quenching tank (110) is associated with at least one device, the quenching medium (M) targeted a flow in a translationally aligned Flow direction (A), B), C) imposes, wherein the quenching system (100) comprises a receiving and moving means (140) which receives the at least one component (Bn) and the at least one component (Bn) in at least one translational aligned movement (a), b), c), characterized in that the at least one component (Bn) with the receiving and moving means (140) depending on a material condition, a complexity of the geometry of the component (Bn) and a desired quality of the component (Bn) in a rotational movement (d)) or (e)) about one of its axes (SXn, SYn, SZn, RXn, RYn, RZn) or a combination (f)) of the movements (a ) to e)), wherein the receiving and moving means (140) at least one drive unit is assigned, by means of the at least one translational and / or rotational movement (a) to f)) of the at least one component (Bn) a predetermined translational and / or a e specifiable swivel or rotation speed (v1_trans, v1_rot) is adjustable. Quenching system (100) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the quenching tank (110) associated with at least one device is formed such that the quenching medium (M) from the flow directions (A) to C) combined flow in at least two translationally aligned flow directions (D) is simultaneously aufzwingbar /are. Quenching system (100) after Claim 1 or 1 and 2 , characterized in that the quenching tank (110) associated with at least one device is further designed such that each of the quenching medium (M) specifically imposed translational flow direction (A to C) a predetermined quenching medium speed (v2) is enforceable. Quenching system (100) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the receiving and moving device (140) comprises a support unit (150) with which a plurality of components (Bn) are receivable simultaneously, and the plurality of components (Bn) simultaneously in the at least one translationally aligned movement (a), b), c)) or in the rotational movement (d)) or (e)) about one of its axes (SXn, SYn, SZn, RXn, RYn, RZn) or in the combination (f)) of the movements (a) to e)). Quenching system (100) after Claim 4 , characterized in that the receiving and moving means (140) as an extended support unit (150 ') is formed, which has at least one means with which at least one between a plurality of simultaneously accommodated components (Bn) existing support distance (X1, Y1) in at least one spatial direction (x, y, z) is variable. Method for quenching at least one metallic component (Bn) which is held above a mirror (130, h1) of a fluid quenching medium (M) formed within a quenching basin (110) and subsequently introduced into the fluid quenching medium (M), the at least one Component (Bn) for introduction into the quenching medium (M) • in a translatory immersion movement (c)) is added and / or • the quenching medium (M) targeted a flow in a translational flow direction (A), B), C )), characterized in that the at least one component (Bn) depends on a material quality, a complexity of the geometry of the component (Bn) and a desired quality of the component (Bn) by means of a receiving and moving device (140) with at least a drive unit, • in at least one further translationally directed movement (a), b) deviating from the direction of the plunging movement (c)) ) or a rotational movement (d) or e)) about one of its axes (SXn, SYn, SZn; RXn, RYn, RZn) or in a combination (f)) of the movements (a) to e) is moved, and / or • the quenching medium (M) from the translational flow directions (A) to C)) combined flow in at least two translationally aligned flow directions (D) is imposed. Method according to Claim 6 , characterized in that between the component (Bn) and the quenching medium (M) from the respective movements of the component (a) to f) and / or the respective movements (A to D) of the quenching medium (M) has a relative velocity in one Range between a resulting minimum relative speed (Δv_res (-)) of> 0 m / s and a resulting maximum relative speed (ΔV_res (+)) of <15 m / s is driven. Method according to Claim 7 , characterized in that in the quenching of a geometrically thin-walled component (Bn) without cavities and undercuts, in all quenching phases (I, II, III), a relative velocity in the range between the resulting minimum relative velocity (Δv_res (-)) of> / = 0.2 m / s and a resulting relative velocity (ΔV_res (+)) of </ = 0.5 m / s is driven. Method according to Claim 8 , characterized in that in the quenching of a geometrically complex thick-walled component (Bn) with cavities or undercuts, in all quenching phases (I, II, III), a relative speed in the range between a resulting relative velocity (Δv_res (-)) of> 0.5 m / s and a resulting maximum relative velocity (ΔV_res (+)) of </ = 10 m / s. Method according to Claim 9 , characterized in that in the quenching of the geometrically complex component (Bn) in the Leidenfrostphase (I) a resulting relative velocity (dv_res (-)) of> / = 2m / s to the resulting maximum relative velocity (.DELTA.V_res (+)) of </ = 10 m / s and • in the subsequent Blasensiedephase (II) a relative velocity of (dv_res (+)) <2 m / s to the resulting relative velocity (Δv_res) (-)) of> 0.5 m / s in which, in the convection phase (III) following the bubble boiling phase (II), the selected relative velocity of the bubble boiling phase (II) is maintained.

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