DE102015107410A1 - Access and driving authorization system with location of an authorization means by sound-based signal transit time measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an authorization system (30) for vehicles, comprising at least one authentication element (1) for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and a device (10) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave, wherein the authentication element (1), in particular a Key or keyless go means for a vehicle (20), for example an automobile, a radio interface (2) for transmitting and / or receiving an authentication signal, and a sound element (3) for detecting and / or generating a sound wave, wherein the device (10) is arranged on the vehicle side, in particular in and / or on an automobile, and wherein the device (10) has at least one sound device (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave, and a radio device (13) for transmitting and receiving an authentication signal, wherein preferably the at least one sound device (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) an Authe Ntifikationssignal generated by means of a sound wave to transmit the authentication signal to the authentication element (1), and / or preferably wherein the sound element (3) generates an authentication signal by means of a sound wave to transmit the authentication signal to the device (10). Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for position control with an authorization system (30) comprising at least one authentication element (1) for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and a device (10) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave.

Description

The invention relates to an authorization system for vehicles, which has at least one authentication element for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and a device for generating and / or detecting a sound wave. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for position control with an authorization system.

Known authorization systems for vehicles, such. As so-called passive keyless systems or so-called hands-free entry / go systems or keyless entry systems, it does not require to take a means of authorization or a key in the hand to trigger certain actions.

For example, with such systems, it is possible to unlock a vehicle without actively using a credential and to start it by merely pressing a start button. This is made possible by the authorization means or a keyless entry key with a chip, which the user carries with him.

In prior art systems, the vehicle sends a faint signal with a range of a few meters, which receives the credential. The authorization means then sends a signal to the vehicle which uses the vehicle to decide whether it is an authorized authorization means and whether access authorizations based thereon can be implemented.

Such authorization systems thus no longer require conscious user interaction with the authorization means, but only check whether the authorization means is in the immediate vicinity of the car in the immediate vicinity of the car - in the case of access - or in the car - in the event of authorization a driving authorization - is.

In the context of these authorization and keyless entry systems, attack scenarios that rely on special properties of the associated technologies are coming to the fore.

Thus, attack scenarios are now known in which the associated radio link of the authorization system or the radio link between the key and the vehicle is extended. These are so-called relay attacks or relay station attacks (RSA).

In such a relay attack the signal of the vehicle is forwarded or extended to the authorization means by means of an antenna pair. One antenna / relay station must be close to the vehicle (typically less than 2 meters) and the other antenna / relay station close to the authorized authority (typically less than 2 meters). The distance between the two relay stations (radio link extension stations) can be very large and is only dependent on the specific implementation of the relay stations whose goal is typically criminal in nature and in which one also can not assume that regulatory provisions have a limiting effect.

Thus, the vehicle may be opened by means of a relay attack, although the associated authorization means is outside the usual distance for an opening or driving authorization of the vehicle.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an authorization system for vehicles and a method for position control with an authorization system in which with little technical effort and easily a relay attack can be prevented and the overall concept of keyless entry systems for a user is maintained ,

The object is achieved in particular by the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous developments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In a first aspect of the invention, it is provided that an authorization system for vehicles has at least one authentication element for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and a device for generating and / or detecting a sound wave.

Throughout the description, the term sound or sound wave is preferably a sound, a sound, a sound, a bang, as it can be audibly perceived by people with the hearing, so the ear-brain system, but also by animals. Sound or a sound wave propagates in the form of the smallest fluctuations in pressure and density in an elastic medium (gases, liquids, solids).

The authentication element is preferably a key, a keyless go device for a vehicle or a keyless entry key. But it is also possible that the authentication element is realized with a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook and / or another mobile or portable device.

Advantageously, the authentication element has a radio interface for transmitting and / or receiving an authentication signal, and preferably a sound element for detecting and / or generating a sound wave. In this way, on the one hand, a radio link can be established via the radio interface and, on the other hand, a sound wave or sound can be detected and generated by the authentication element. The use of sound takes into account the existing sensor / actuator infrastructure at z. B. a mobile phone and is therefore suitable for a wide range of authorization means or authentication elements.

Preferably, the device is arranged on the vehicle side, in particular in and / or on an automobile. Thus, the device is connected to the vehicle and can be used, for example, to open this and / or start.

It is also advantageous if the device has at least one sound device for generating and / or detecting a sound wave and preferably a radio device for transmitting and receiving an authentication signal. Furthermore, it is favorable if the at least one sound device generates an authentication signal by means of a sound wave, in order to preferably transmit the authentication signal to the authentication element. As a result, the device is thus enabled to actively generate a sound wave, in particular as an authentication signal. Furthermore, a radio connection can be established by means of the radio device in order to communicate or to exchange data. Concretely embodied, the sound device may be the engine of a vehicle and / or a loudspeaker and / or an electrically controllable seat and / or an electrically controllable door and / or an electrically controllable sunroof and / or an electrically controllable disk.

Alternatively or additionally, it is also advantageous if the sound element generates an authentication signal by means of a sound wave in order to transmit the authentication signal to the device. In this way, z. B. additionally or alternatively to the sound wave of the at least one sound device, a sound wave of the authentication element is generated and transmitted. This allows, for example, a communication of authentication element and device in both directions. Also, bidirectional communication is conceivable.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the sound element of the authentication element for detecting and / or generating a sound wave has at least one electroacoustic sound transducer. Because with the aid of a sound transducer, it is possible that preferably a sound wave can be generated and / or detected. Thus, therefore, a sound wave can be transferred with little effort into an electrical signal. Concretely embodied, the sound element or the electroacoustic sound transducer may be a loudspeaker and / or a microphone.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the at least one sound device of the device for generating and / or detecting a sound wave has at least one electroacoustic sound transducer. Consequently, it is also possible with the aid of the at least one electroacoustic transducer that a sound wave can be generated and / or detected. Consequently, the device can convert a sound wave with little technical effort into an electrical signal and an electrical signal into a sound wave.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the device has a control device, in particular a control electronics, which is preferably connected to the at least one sound device and / or to the radio device. In this way, the control device is enabled to control and instruct the at least one sound device and the radio device.

It is also preferred that the control device has a functional logic for processing authentication signals and a signal generation and detection device for generating and / or detecting a sound wave. Thus, the tasks of the control device can be distributed to individual sub-elements, which are specialized in the respective task. This makes it possible to handle the individual control tasks of the control device faster and more effective.

Preferably, the authentication element further comprises a signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung, which is preferably connected to the sound element and / or with the radio interface. Thus, the sound wave generated arrives after the detection by the sound element of the authentication element, preferably as a digital signal, from the authentication element to the device. This also applies vice versa, that is, a generated, preferably obtained as a digital signal, authentication signal after detection by the radio interface of the authentication element as sound wave from the authentication element to the device arrive or be transmitted. This communication via radio interface and radio device, preferably in the form of digital signals or data, is preferably encrypted. Also, the communication of Sound element and the at least one sound device done encrypted in the form of sound.

Also, with the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung detected as a sound wave authentication signal or authentication signals are forwarded via the radio interface to the radio device of the device.

Furthermore, it is favorable that the control device can control the at least one sound device in order to generate and / or detect a sound wave. More specifically shown, it is advantageous if the function logic via the signal generation and detection device controls the at least one sound device to generate a predetermined and / or random authentication signal as a sound wave and / or to detect a sound wave. In this way, the control device or the functional logic can instruct the at least one sound device to output an authentication signal in the form of a sound wave or to detect a sound wave.

Conveniently, the control device, in particular the functional logic, converts the sound wave detected by the at least one sound device into an authentication signal. The reverse path is also possible, namely that the control device, in particular the functional logic, converts an authentication signal into a sound wave by means of the at least one sound device. Thus, therefore, the control device, in particular the functional logic, both a sound wave, so preferably pressure fluctuations in air, in an authentication signal, so preferably a digital signal to convert and vice versa.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the signal processing and forwarding device of the authentication element can control the sound element in order to generate and / or detect a sound wave, in particular in order to generate and / or detect a predetermined and / or random authentication signal as a sound wave. Thus, the signal processing and routing device is able to generate both authentication signals and a sound wave. In this way, therefore, the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung instruct the sound element to issue an authentication signal in the form of a sound wave or to detect a sound wave. Furthermore, by means of the predetermined and / or random authentication signal, a signal can be generated as the sound wave, which signal is formed differently each time it is generated. Thus, effective protection for foreign access can be provided.

Furthermore, it is preferred if the signal processing and forwarding device converts a sound wave detected by the sound element into an authentication signal. The reverse order is also possible, namely that the signal processing and forwarding device preferably converts an authentification signal detected by the radio interface into a sound wave by means of the acoustic element. Thus, therefore, the signal processing and routing device can both convert an authentication signal into a sound wave and vice versa.

In a second aspect of the invention, it is provided to provide a method for position control with an authorization system, wherein the authorization system comprises at least one authentication element for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and a device for generating and / or detecting a sound wave.

It is expressly understood that the features of the authorization system, and in particular of the authentication element and of the device as mentioned in the first aspect of the invention, can be used individually or in combination with one another in the position control method.

In other words, the features mentioned above under the first aspect of the invention relating to the authentication system with the authentication element and the device can also be combined with further features under the second aspect of the invention.

The method preferably comprises the following steps:
A preferred step comprises generating authentication signals in the form of a sound wave through the device. As a result, an authentication signal can be generated and transported or spread in an elastic medium (gas, liquid, solid).

Another preferred step comprises detecting the authentication signals by the authentication element. Thus, the signals generated by the device can be received by the authentication element, in particular if the authentication element is located within a room in or on which the device is arranged, so that a sound wave can be received simply and optimally.

Preferably, the method comprises transmitting the detected authentication signals from the authentication element to the device. In this way, the get of the Authentication element received or detected signals back to the device.

Another preferred step comprises comparing the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals in the device. Thus, a verification can be made as to whether the authentication signals correspond to one another and whether the authentication element is positioned in the vicinity or in the area of the sound propagation of the device.

It is also advantageous if, for example, in a positive comparison, a function, in particular the permission to move a vehicle or an access authorization for a vehicle, is unlocked. Thus, a positive authentication or verification can have a direct effect on a vehicle.

It is also preferred if, in the case of a negative comparison, a safety function, in particular an acoustic and / or visual warning, is activated. This can alert the device to unauthorized access. Also, in a negative comparison a driving authorization for a vehicle can be withdrawn and appropriate measures can be initiated, such. B. Turn off the engine, or limit driving speed to a very low speed or visually / acoustically generate attention or drop over existing radio channels a warning to the police or the owner.

Another preferred step involves synchronizing the time between authentication element and device. Thus, it can be ensured that both in the authentication element as well as in the device, the clocks or the time recording runs synchronously.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if it comprises detection of authentication signals in dependence on the synchronized time. As a result, an exact detection of a sound wave as a function of time can preferably be ensured with the synchronized time, so that z. B. waves and valleys of a sound wave can be detected exactly over time.

Furthermore, it is preferred if the step of comparing also includes a comparison of the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals as a function of time. Thus, with the aid of time, another parameter can be used for the comparison in order to make a position control effective. For if the detected sound wave or the detected authentication signal coincides with the generated, but the temporal offset of the sound wave between detected and generated authentication signal exceeds a determinable value, so z. B. a relay attack recognizable. In other words, the duration of the sound wave and thus the distance between the authentication element and the device can be determined by means of comparison as a function of time. Because in contrast to electromagnetic waves, sound waves in air only propagate at 34cm / ms. As a result, simple and inexpensive components can be used for the realization.

In the case of a distance between the authentication element and the device, a successful authentication is preferably present within a defined or definable area, wherein preferably a function, in particular the permission to move a vehicle or an access authorization for a vehicle, is released. Thus, an upper limit for the distance of authentication element to device can be specified by means of the definable or defined area, so thus a maximum duration of the sound wave activating a function z. B. a vehicle influenced.

In the step of generating authentication signals in the form of a sound wave, it is advantageous if it comprises driving the at least one sound device of the device in order to generate sound or a sound wave. Thus, sound can be generated in a simple manner by means of the at least one sound device.

It is also advantageous if the detection of the authentication signals comprises detection by the signal processing and forwarding device of the authentication element using the acoustic element. Thus, individual tasks of the authentication element can be distributed to separate subdevices, such as the signal processing and forwarding device, whereby the processing speed of the signals and thus of the entire authentication element can be increased.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the transmission of the detected authentication signals comprises the transmission from the signal processing and forwarding device to the control device, in particular to the functional logic, via a radio link of radio interface and radio device. In this way, after the detection of the authentication signals as a sound wave, the authentication element can transmit the authentication signals as a digital signal to the device.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the comparison of the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals includes the Comparing the signals in the control device, in particular in the functional logic includes. Thus, the signal generated by the device can be compared with the signal detected by the authentication element.

It is also preferred that the following three steps are carried out alternatively or in addition to the above-mentioned generating, detecting and / or transmitting steps.

Thus, it is favorable if a further preferred step comprises generating authentication signals in the form of a sound wave by the authentication element. As a result, a further or alternative parameter for authentication can be created, which makes the method for position control safer or more effective. In other words, in addition to or as an alternative to the generation of authentication signals by the device, the authentication element can now also generate authentication signals.

It is preferred if a step comprises detection of authentication signals by the device. This additionally or alternatively allows sound to be detected by the device generated by the authentication element.

Furthermore, transmission of the generated authentication signals from the authentication element to the device is preferred. In this way it is possible to communicate via sound between the authentication element and the device or between the signal processing and forwarding device and the functional logic. A communication in both directions is thus possible, so from the device to the authentication element and vice versa. Preferably, a bidirectional communication is possible. Thus, therefore, another parameter can be created, which can be used for position control of authentication element and device.

In the step of generating authentication signals in the form of a sound wave, in particular by the authentication element, it is advantageous if it comprises a control of the acoustic element of the authentication element in order to preferably generate sound. Thus, sound or a sound wave can be generated in a simple manner by means of a sound element.

It is also advantageous if the detection of the authentication signals comprises detection by the signal generation and detection device of the device by means of the at least one sound device. Thus, individual tasks of the device may be distributed to separate subdevices, such as the signal generation and detection device, whereby the processing speed of the signals, and thus of the entire device, may be increased. Also, therefore, the device can both generate and detect authentication signals.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the transmission of the authentication signals generated as a sound wave comprises transmitting from the signal processing and forwarding device, in particular from the sound element, to the at least one sound device, in particular to the functional logic. In this way, a sound wave generated by the authentication element can be sent or transmitted to the device.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the comparison of the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals comprises the comparison of the signals in the control device, in particular in the functional logic. Thus, the signal generated by the authentication element can be compared with the signal or authentication signal detected by the device.

In the following three steps connecting, synchronizing and activating, it is advantageous if these are preferably executed before the generation of authentication signals.

The preferred step of connecting includes connecting the device to the authentication element by establishing a radio connection. Thus, a radio link between the device and the authentication element can be established, for example, to send signals, in particular digital, from one to the other by radio.

Preferably, the synchronizing step comprises synchronizing the time between the authentication element and the device over the existing radio link. Thus, it can be ensured that both in the authentication element as well as in the device, the clocks or the time recording runs synchronously.

Preferably, the step of activating comprises activating the acoustic element of the authentication element. This makes it possible to provide the sound element with energy only when it is needed. As a result, for example, the life of a battery in the authentication element can be extended.

For the step of connecting the device to the authentication element, it is advantageous if this connection of the control device of the device with the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung of the Authentication element by establishing a radio link between the radio interface of the authentication element and the radio device of the device comprises. Thus, therefore, the authentication element and the device can communicate with each other via radio and, for example, data and / or signals or authentication signals, in particular in the form of a sound wave and / or in the form of a radio signal exchange.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the connection of the control device to the radio interface is initiated by activating a trigger element of the device. For this purpose, the device preferably has a trigger element. In this way, the trigger element can be used to initiate a radio connection without it being permanently attempted to build up.

It is also advantageous if the synchronization of the time between the authentication element and the device comprises a synchronization of the time between the functional logic of the device and the signal processing and forwarding device of the authentication element via the existing radio link. Thus, as specially suitable elements, the functional logic and the signal processing and routing device take over the time synchronization, whereby preferably the time expires in both the same. Colloquially, in the step of synchronizing the time, the clocks are compared and matched.

It is also advantageous if the activation of the acoustic element of the authentication element comprises activation of the acoustic element by the signal processing and forwarding device. Thus, the sound element can be selectively controlled by means of the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung, for example, to save energy in the case of no wireless connection in the authentication element.

It is also preferred if, when generating the authentication signals, the at least one sound device and / or the sound element is started at a defined point in time. Thus, for example, the starting time at which the production is started can be determined exactly, whereby the sound wave or the sound is preferably detected with reference to this defined time or definable starting time.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if, when detecting the authentication signals, the signal processing and forwarding device detects the authentication signals detected by the sound element as a function of the synchronized time. As a result, an exact detection of the sound wave as a function of time can preferably be ensured in combination with the synchronization of the time. Thus, a transit time measurement between the authentication element and device is possible.

It is also advantageous if, when detecting the authentication signals, the signal generation and detection device, in particular the functional logic, detects the authentication signals detected by the at least one sound device as a function of the synchronized time. As a result, accurate detection of the sound wave as a function of time can preferably also be ensured here in combination with the synchronization of the time. This makes a transit time measurement between device and device possible. In other words, a reference value for the propagation velocity of a sound wave through the device can thereby be generated.

In addition, it is favorable if the detection of authentication signals takes place within a predetermined time window. Thus, it is predeterminable in which period of time a sound wave is to be detected.

Furthermore, it is preferred if the step of comparing also comprises a comparison of the detected authentication signals with the generated authentication signals as a function of time in order to determine the transit time of the sound wave and thus the distance between the authentication element and the device. Thus, with the aid of time, another parameter can be used for the comparison in order to make a position control effective. For if the detected sound wave coincides with the generated, but the temporal offset of the sound wave between detected and generated authentication signal exceeds a determinable value, so z. B. a relay attack recognizable. In other words, the duration of the sound wave and thus the distance between the authentication element and the device can be determined by means of comparison as a function of time.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the step of generating authentication signals comprises a determinable variation in the time, amplitude and / or frequency of the sound wave generated by the at least one sound device or by the sound element. Thus, sound or a sound wave as an authentication signal may have a modulation in terms of time, amplitude and frequency, whereby a plurality of different authentication signals to be generated is possible.

Advantageously, the step of transmitting the authentication signals comprises a Encryption and / or compression of the authentication signals. Thus, another protection mechanism against manipulation can be implemented in the method according to the invention.

It is also advantageous if, when comparing the authentication signals of the authentication element with the authentication signals of the device, both signals coincide if the detected authentication signals lie within a definable tolerance range around the generated authentication signals. In this way, it is possible that a positive authentication already exists if the detected and generated authentication signals are within a definable tolerance range to each other. Ideally, this tolerance should be kept small to increase security against attacks.

It is also advantageous if, after comparing the authentication signals, the radio connection between the radio interface and the radio device is disconnected. As a result, energy, especially in the authentication element, can be saved.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the sound element of the authentication element is deactivated by the signal processing and forwarding device. This also saves energy, especially in the authentication element, whereby the life of the power supply, in particular a battery is increased in the authentication element.

It is also preferred that the at least one sound device comprises a first and a second sound device. In this way, both a sound wave can be generated and recorded with the at least one sound device.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the generation of authentication signals in the form of a sound wave comprises a triggering of the first sound device of the device. Thus, an authentication signal in the form of a sound wave can be generated by the first sound device.

It is also advantageous if the detection of authentication signals comprises detection by the signal generation and detection device of the device with the aid of the second sound device. Thus, therefore, a generated sound wave can be detected, in particular by the second sound device.

It is further preferred that the transmission of the detected authentication signals comprises the transmission of the second sound device to the function logic via the signal generation and detection device. Thus, the authentication signal or the authentication signals can easily return to the function logic to be compared there. In this way, a reference value can be made available for verification with the authentication signal of the authentication element, since this makes it possible to calculate a transit time for the sound wave between the first and second sound device as a function of environmental influences.

It is also expedient for the radio interface and / or the radio to operate in the 434/315 MHz or 2.4 GHz ISM band, with the Bluetooth low-energy interface preferably being used as the mobile telephone when the authentication element is realized.

So that the transmission of sound or a sound wave from the device to the authentication element works, it is preferred that the authentication element is located inside a vehicle, on or in which the device is arranged.

Regarding the method, this can be done at various times. For example, it is possible to perform the method before but also while driving with a vehicle. Thus, at any time, the position control procedure can be performed using an authorization system.

Furthermore, it is advantageous for the method if the authentication element is arranged in a vehicle on which the device is likewise arranged. In other words, it is favorable if the authentication element is located in a vehicle interior to detect a sound wave from the at least one sound device of the device, wherein preferably the device is likewise arranged on the vehicle or in the vehicle interior.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the method described here is used additionally or additionally in other methods for position control, in particular in those methods which are already known from the prior art. As a result, an already existing keyless entry system or an existing keyless entry method with the presented invention can be improved with little effort.

The use of sound or a sound wave has advantages in defense against relay attack attacks (RSA), because the propagation speed of sound waves is so slow that low-cost electronics can measure and process information / time offsets with little effort.

Furthermore, it is pointed out that among the authentication signals mentioned in this description, preferably a sound wave or sound and / or digital signals are understood. Thus, digital signals or authentication signals are advantageously transmitted or sent and transmitted between the radio device and the radio interface, preferably sound or sound waves preferably being sent and sent as authentication signals between the sound element and the at least one sound device.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of embodiments in conjunction with accompanying drawings. These show schematically:

1 an authorization system having an authentication element and a device; and

2 a method for position control.

In the following description, like reference numerals will be used for like objects.

1 shows an authorization system 30 for vehicles, which is an authentication element 1 and a device 10 having. Both with the authentication element 1 as well as with the device 10 Sound or a sound wave can be generated.

The authentication element 1 is in the present example as a key or keyless go means for a vehicle 20 designed and has a radio interface 2 for transmitting and / or receiving an authentication signal and a sound element 3 for detecting and / or generating a sound wave.

The sound element 3 of the authentication element 1 has an electroacoustic transducer. This allows sound or a sound wave to be detected on the authentication element 1 acts or the the authentication element 1 is exposed. Also, by means of the electroacoustic transducer actively a sound wave can be generated.

Furthermore, the authentication element 1 a signal processing and forwarding device 4 , This is both with the sound element 3 as well as with the radio interface 2 connected. Furthermore, by means of the signal processing and forwarding device 4 one of the sound element 3 detected sound wave to be converted into an authentication signal.

Also, with the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung 4 a detected as a sound wave authentication signal or authentication signals via the radio interface 2 to the radio 13 the device 10 to get redirected.

Furthermore, by means of the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung 4 one from the radio interface 2 detected authentication signal in a sound wave by means of the Schallelements 3 being transformed.

Thus, summarized is the signal processing and routing device 4 able to convert a sound wave preferably into a digital signal and over the radio interface 2 to the radio 13 the device 10 to send. The opposite way is possible, so the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung 4 of the authentication element 1 a digital signal through the radio interface 2 from the radio 13 the device 10 was received, transform into a sound wave.

In the case of the signal processing and forwarding device 4 The generated and / or detected sound wave is preferably a predetermined and / or randomly generated and / or detected authentication signal. The combination of random and predetermined opens up a wide range of possibilities to change authentication signals with each transmission of authentication element and device in order to avoid possible attacks, eg. As RSA attacks, to stop.

The device 10 is the vehicle side, in the present embodiment in a vehicle 20 , arranged and has four sound devices 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d for generating and / or detecting a sound wave, wherein the sound devices are configured as electroacoustic sound transducers. Using the four sound devices 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d An authentication signal can be generated as a sound wave. Also is a sound wave through the four sound devices 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d detectable, whereby it is possible to detect sound or a sound wave, which acts on the sound devices or to which the device is exposed.

So the device is summarized 10 as well as the authentication element 1 able to detect and / or generate sound.

Further shows 1 that the device 10 a radio device 13 for transmitting and receiving an authentication signal and a control device 12 , in particular a control electronics, comprises.

The control device 12 again has a functional logic 12a for processing authentication signals and a signal generation and detection device 12b for generating and / or detecting a sound wave.

Furthermore, the control device 12 with the four sound devices 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d and with the radio 13 connected.

The sound equipment 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d are in a transmission medium 20 or in a vehicle 20 arranged to generate an authentication signal through a sound wave and to the interior of the vehicle 20 which also transmits the generated authentication signal to the authentication element 1 can be transferred if this is within the vehicle 20 or in the vehicle interior.

To generate a sound wave, the functional logic controls 12a via the signal generation and detection device 12b one or more of the sound devices 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d successively or simultaneously. As a result, a predetermined and / or random authentication signal from the functional logic 12a be converted into a sound wave and generated. In the present example, the sound devices 11a and 11b triggered to produce a sound wave.

The sound equipment 11c . 11d detect on the vehicle side the generated sound wave, the functional logic 12a the control device 12 the sound equipment 11c . 11d detected sound wave converted into an authentication signal. Thus, it is possible that with the radio 13 connected functional logic 12a the from the radio 13 received authentication signals with those of the sound devices 11c . 11d can compare recorded authentication signals. It is also conceivable that the authentication signals in addition to those of the functional logic 12a generated predetermined and / or random authentication signals are compared.

2 provides a method for position control or a possible procedure. This method is based on the description of 1 on.

The procedure for position control with an authorization system 30 includes the authentication element 1 for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and the device 10 for generating and / or detecting a sound wave.

In step A, activating a trigger element of the device 10 the connection of the radio device 13 with the radio interface 2 initiated.

Subsequently, in step B, between the controller 12 the device 10 and the signal processing and routing device 4 of the authentication element 1 a radio connection established. The radio link is in particular between the radio interface 2 of the authentication element 1 and the radio 13 the device 10 built up.

In the following step C, the time between the function logic 12a the device 10 and the signal processing and routing device 4 of the authentication element 1 synchronized via the existing radio connection.

Thereafter, in step D, the sound element 3 or the electro-acoustic sound transducer by the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung 4 of the authentication element 1 activated.

In step E, authentication signals in the form of a sound wave are transmitted through the device 10 generated. This is done by driving the sound devices 11a and 11b the device 10 ,

This will be the sound equipment 11a . 11b by the signal generation and detection device 12b the control device 12 controlled. This happens according to the instruction of the function logic 12a to convert an authentication signal into a sound wave or to reproduce an authentication signal as a sound wave.

Furthermore, the generation of the authentication signals is started at a defined point in time in order to enable a temporal assignment of the sound wave or its properties. In addition, the authentication signals can also be modulated in the form of the sound wave or varied over time, the amplitude and the frequency in order to generate individual signals.

In step F, the generated authentication signals are processed by the signal processing and forwarding means 4 of the authentication element 1 with the help of the hinge element 3 detected. The detection also takes place as a function of the synchronized time and within a predetermined time window.

Step G represents the transmission of the detected authentication signals from the signal processing and routing device 4 of the authentication element 1 to the functional logic 12a the device 10 over the radio connection of radio interface 2 and radio 13 , The authentication signals are encrypted and compressed transmitted to make it difficult to manipulate.

In step H, the generated authentication signals are compared with those generated by the authentication element 1 detected authentication signals in the control device 12 , especially in the functional logic 12a the device 10 compared. This step also includes comparing the authentication signals over time to complicate tampering.

By comparing the authentication signals as a function of time, the duration of the sound wave and thus the distance between Authentifizierungslement 1 and device 10 be determined. In this way it can be easily and quickly judged whether the Authentifizierungslement 1 inside or outside the vehicle 20 located.

Further, in comparing the generated authentication signals of the device 10 with those through the sound element 3 detected authentication signals of the authentication element 1 both signals compared to match. Both signals match if the authentication signals of the authentication element 1 within a defined tolerance range around the generated authentication signals of the device 10 lie.

Furthermore, in order to exclude environmental influences, such as heavy rainfall or a thunderstorm, as noise for the sound wave to be transmitted, it is also possible for the authentication signals generated in step F to be eliminated by the device 10 in particular via the signal generation and detection device by means of the sound devices 11c and 11d be recorded. This is also done as a function of the synchronized time in order to be able to perform a transit time measurement.

Thus, from the device 10 even a transit time measurement are performed, whereby the device is a reference value for verification of the transit time between the authentication element 1 and device 10 is made available. However, this reference value not only reflects the transit time, but also serves to evaluate the transmission quality during external environmental influences by the device itself, in order to compare it with a comparison of the authentication signals from the authentication element 1 and device 10 easy to consider. For example, during a thunderstorm, the amplitude between the detected and generated authentication element may differ, since the thunderstorm causes noise in the vehicle.

In step I of the method it is queried whether the comparison is positive or successful or negative or failed. Because in a positive comparison is the position of the authentication element 1 on the interior of the vehicle 20 determinable, whereby z. B. the permission to move a vehicle or an access authorization for a vehicle is unlocked, in addition, the well-known purely information technology challenge / response communication for authentication verification can be considered as an authorization condition.

On the other hand, in the case of a negative comparison, an audible and visual warning is activated or emitted in order to attract attention.

In a last step, not shown, after comparing the authentication signals, the radio link between the radio interface 2 and the radio 13 separated. Furthermore, the sound element 3 of the authentication element 1 by the signal processing and forwarding device 4 disabled to save energy.

In other words, the method according to the invention can also be reproduced or briefly summarized in the following way.

To obtain a driving authorization of a vehicle 20 it is conveniently provided an authentication element 1 or a portable electronic device, such as a keyless entry key or a mobile phone.

For the exemplary case that a user is a vehicle 20 wishes to start, he presses this example, a start / stop button in the vehicle 20 , Triggered by this trigger provides a functional logic 12a now that a radio communication between the authentication element 1 that the user carries with him for authentication purposes, and a device 10 , which is arranged on the vehicle side, is constructed, or - if it already exists at this time - held.

About this radio communication, ideally made between a radio interface 2 of the authentication element 1 and a radio 13 the device 10 , there is a temporal synchronization between the authentication element 1 and device 10 or vehicle 20 , Also in this way the authentication element 1 the use of a hinge element 3 be initiated.

After authentication element 1 and device 10 synchronized, conveniently provides the functional logic 12a in the vehicle for that, using a sound device 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d of the contraption 10 , Preferably designed as an electroacoustic transducer, sound waves are generated. The volume is preferably chosen so that the signal level is above the ambient noise. For this purpose, either the sound element 3 or the sound device 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d the device 10 in the vehicle 20 used.

In order to minimize the influence of ambient noise, it is preferable to use different sound frequencies in the generation of a sound wave. These can be either sequentially (successively) or simultaneously (superimposed) on the sound device 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d are output, wherein preferably a certain frequency at a time only at a sound device (eg 11a ) and not on several sound devices at the same time (this can be done as an additional plausibility check of the phase overlay at the location of the authentication element 1 following the actual localization process as an additional measure.

But different frequencies can also simultaneously at different sound devices 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d can be output because they can be differentiated by the frequency selectivity.

The time at which the authentication signal generation at the respective sound device 11a . 11b starts, preferably by the function logic 12a precisely controlled. This ensures that there are defined and known time offsets for the authentication signal.

The authentication element 1 now measures preferably during this localization phase by means of its Schallelements 3 the incoming sound signals or the sound wave and transmits these preferably in connection with the information of their temporal arrival in digitized and encrypted and preferably compressed form via its radio interface 2 to the radio 13 the device 10 and thus to the functional logic 12a ,

In addition, in the vehicle 20 built-in sound device 11c . 11d During this time, the authentication signal or sound signals or the sound wave record and preferably via a signal generation and detection device 12b the device 10 measure and preferably via conventional in-vehicle interfaces to the functional logic 12a pass.

In the functional logic 12a is now preferably the signal delay and thus the distance of the authentication element 1 to the respective sound equipment 11a . 11b calculated. For this purpose, the knowledge about the sound propagation speed is used. The at the sound device 11a . 11b generated authentication signals are from the device 10 self produced and thus completely known.

That at the authentication element 1 The captured authentication signal was preferably on a secure (crypted) channel to the vehicle-mounted device 10 transmitted.

The information of the sound equipment installed in the vehicle 11c . 11d can be used to support this as a reference, which allows the signal evaluation for significant background noise and in particular to a higher tolerance of the authorization system 30 contributes.

Preferably, it is also possible to deactivate or attenuate acoustic irradiation in the vehicle for a short time (for the duration of the generation and detection of authentication signals), in order to support the locating process by correspondingly reducing interfering frequency components for the measurement.

As a supplementary step, it is also possible to compare the location, as is done with the described method, with the location-based results of an LF / RSSI based location (prior art) and to make it plausible. So if the localization does not match, then it can be assumed, for example, that it is a relay attack.

In another example, it is to gain access to a vehicle 20 preferably provided, an authentication element 1 or to locate a portable electronic device or a mobile phone.

In the authentication element 1 it is preferably a radio key of a vehicle 20 or a mobile phone of a user who integrates certain functions of a radio key.

For the exemplary case that a user is in a vehicle 20 wishes to enter, he approaches this purpose the vehicle and uses the usual trigger, through which the vehicle 20 recognizes its opening request. For this purpose, capacitive door handles or buttons / switching elements on the door handles are known.

This trigger now starts the authentication process, which is to ensure that only one user who owns a valid authentication element 1 is located, get access. The process is conveniently done as in the example above.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

authentication element

2

Radio interface

3

sound element

4

Signal processing and forwarding device

10

contraption

11a-d

sonic device

12

control device

12a

functional logic

12b

Signal generation and detection device

13

radio

20

vehicle

Claims (15)

Authorization system ( 30 ) for vehicles having at least one authentication element ( 1 ) for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and a device ( 10 ) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave, - wherein the authentication element ( 1 ), in particular a key or keyless go means for a vehicle ( 20 ), for example an automobile, has the following: 2 ) for transmitting and / or receiving an authentication signal, and • a sound element ( 3 ) for detecting and / or generating a sound wave, - the device ( 10 ) is arranged on the vehicle side, in particular in and / or on an automobile, and - wherein the device ( 10 ): • at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave, and • a radio device ( 13 ) for transmitting and receiving an authentication signal, - wherein preferably the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) generates an authentication signal by means of a sound wave in order to transmit the authentication signal to the authentication element ( 1 ), and / or - wherein preferably the sound element ( 3 ) generates an authentication signal by means of a sound wave in order to transmit the authentication signal to the device ( 10 ) transferred to. Authorization system according to claim 1, - wherein the sound element ( 3 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) for detecting and / or generating a sound wave has at least one electroacoustic transducer, with the aid of which preferably a sound wave can be generated and / or detected, - wherein preferably the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) of the device ( 10 ) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave has at least one electroacoustic transducer, with the aid of which preferably a sound wave can be generated and / or detected. Authorization system according to Claim 1 or 2, - the device ( 10 ) a control device ( 12 ), in particular a control electronics, which preferably with the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) and / or with the radio device ( 13 ), wherein - preferably the control device ( 12 ) a functional logic ( 12a ) for processing authentication signals and a signal generation and detection device ( 12b ) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave, - wherein preferably the authentication element ( 1 ) a signal processing and forwarding device ( 4 ), preferably with the sound element ( 3 ) and / or with the radio interface ( 2 ) connected is. Authorization system according to claim 3, - wherein preferably the control device ( 12 ) the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) to generate and / or detect a sound wave, preferably the functional logic ( 12a ) via the signal generation and detection device ( 12b ) the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) to generate a predetermined and / or random authentication signal as a sound wave and / or to detect a sound wave, - preferably wherein the control device ( 12 ), in particular the functional logic ( 12a ) generated by the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) converted sound wave into an authentication signal, - preferably wherein the control device ( 12 ), in particular the functional logic ( 12a ), an authentication signal by means of the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) is converted into a sound wave. Authorization system according to claim 3 or 4, - wherein preferably the signal processing and forwarding device ( 4 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) the sound element ( 3 ) to generate and / or detect a sound wave, in particular to generate and / or detect a predetermined and / or random authentication signal as a sound wave, - wherein the signal processing and forwarding device ( 4 ) preferably one of the sound element ( 3 ) converted sound wave into an authentication signal, - wherein the signal processing and -weiterleitungseinrichtung ( 4 ) preferably one of the radio interface ( 2 ) detected in a sound wave by means of the Schallelements ( 3 ) converts. Method for position control with an authorization system ( 30 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the authorization system ( 30 ) at least one authentication element ( 1 ) for detecting and / or generating a sound wave and a device ( 10 ) for generating and / or detecting a sound wave, and wherein the method comprises the following steps: - generating authentication signals in the form of a sound wave through the device ( 10 ), - detecting the authentication signals by the authentication element ( 1 ), - transmission of the detected authentication signals from the authentication element ( 1 ) to the device ( 10 ), - comparing the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals in the device ( 10 ), - wherein preferably in a positive comparison, a function, in particular the permission to move a vehicle, is released, and - preferably in a negative comparison, a safety function, in particular an audible and / or visual warning is activated. Method according to Claim 6, - with the further step of synchronizing the time between the authentication element ( 1 ) and device ( 10 Preferably, the step of comparing also comprises a comparison of the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals as a function of time, the duration of the sound wave and thus the distance between authentication element ( 1 ) and device ( 10 ), wherein preferably at a distance between authentication elements ( 1 ) and device ( 10 ) is present within a defined range, a successful authentication, wherein preferably a function, in particular the permission to move a vehicle, is unlocked, Method according to Claim 6 or 7, - the generation of authentication signals in the form of a sound wave, activation of the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) of the device ( 10 ), wherein preferably the detection of the authentication signals is detected by the signal processing and forwarding device ( 4 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) using the hinge element ( 3 ), wherein preferably the transmission of the detected authentication signals entails transmitting from the signal processing and forwarding device ( 4 ) to the control device ( 12 ), in particular to the functional logic ( 12a ), via a radio link of radio interface ( 2 ) and radio equipment ( 13 Preferably, comparing the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals comprises comparing the signals in the control device. 12 ), in particular in the function logic ( 12a ). Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein subsequent steps are performed alternatively or in addition to the steps of generating, detecting and / or transmitting: - generating authentication signals in the form of a sound wave by the authentication element ( 1 ), Preferably detecting authentication signals by the device ( 10 ), Preferably transmitting the generated authentication signals from the authentication element ( 1 ) to the device ( 10 ). Method according to claim 9, - wherein the generation of authentication signals in the form of a sound wave, activation of the sound element ( 3 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ), wherein preferably the detection of the authentication signals is detected by the signal generation and detection device ( 12b ) of the device ( 10 ) using the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ), wherein preferably the transmission of the authentication signals generated as a sound wave entails transmitting from the signal processing and forwarding device ( 4 ), in particular of the sound element ( 3 ), to which at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ), in particular to the functional logic ( 12a Preferably, comparing the generated authentication signals with the detected authentication signals comprises comparing the signals in the control device. 12 ), in particular in the function logic ( 12a ). Method according to one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the method comprises the following further steps, which are preferably carried out before the generation of authentication signals: - connecting the device ( 10 ) with the authentication element ( 1 ) by establishing a radio link, Preferably synchronizing the time between authentication element ( 1 ) and device ( 10 ) over the existing radio link, and - preferably activating the sound element ( 3 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ). Method according to claim 11, - wherein the connection of the device ( 10 ) with the authentication element ( 1 ) connecting the control device ( 12 ) of the device ( 10 ) with the signal processing and relaying device ( 4 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) by establishing a radio connection between the radio interface ( 2 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) and the radio device ( 13 ) of the device ( 10 ), wherein preferably the connection of the control device ( 12 ) with the radio interface ( 2 ) by activating a trigger element of the device ( 10 ), wherein preferably the synchronization of the time between the authentication element ( 1 ) and device ( 10 ) synchronizing the time between function logic ( 12a ) of the device ( 10 ) and the signal processing and relaying device ( 4 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) over the existing radio link, and - wherein preferably activating the acoustic element ( 3 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) activating the sound element ( 3 ) by the signal processing and relaying device ( 4 ). Method according to one of claims 6 to 12, - wherein preferably in generating the authentication signals, the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) and / or the sound element ( 3 ) is started at a defined point in time, wherein - preferably when the authentication signals are detected - the signal processing and forwarding device ( 4 ) that of the sound element ( 3 detected authentication signals in response to the synchronized time, - preferably wherein upon detection of the authentication signals, the signal generation and detection device ( 12b ), in particular the functional logic ( 12a ) generated by the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d detected authentication signals detected as a function of the synchronized time, - preferably wherein the detection of authentication signals within a predetermined time window is carried out, - preferably wherein the step of comparing also comprises a comparison of the detected authentication signals with the generated authentication signals as a function of time to the duration of the Sound wave and thus the distance between Authentifizierungslement ( 1 ) and device ( 10 ) to investigate. Method according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that - the step of generating authentication signals a definable variation of the by the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) or through the sound element ( 3 ) in the time, the amplitude and / or the frequency generated, preferably the step of transmitting the authentication signals comprises an encryption and / or compression of the authentication signals, preferably when comparing the authentication signals of the authentication element 1 ) with the authentication signals of the device ( 10 ) match both signals when the detected authentication signals are within a definable tolerance range around the generated authentication signals, preferably after comparing the authentication signals, the radio link between the radio interface ( 2 ) and the radio device ( 13 ), preferably also the sound element ( 3 ) of the authentication element ( 1 ) by the signal processing and relaying device ( 4 ) is deactivated. Method according to one of claims 7 to 14, - wherein the at least one sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) comprises a first and a second sound device, - wherein the generation of authentication signals in the form of a sound wave, a driving of the first sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) of the device ( 10 ), wherein the detection of authentication signals is detected by the signal generation and detection device ( 12b ) of the device ( 10 ) using the second sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ), wherein the transmission of the detected authentication signals entails transmitting from the second sound device ( 11a . 11b . 11c . 11d ) to the functional logic ( 12a ) via the signal generation and detection device ( 12b ).

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