DE102015100477B4 - Method for probing soil areas in the soil - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for probing soil areas (19, 20) in a soil (2), comprising the steps of: - drilling a borehole (1) with a powered drilling tool (3) to a first borehole depth (D1), the drilling tool (3) a drivable outer linkage (5) and a drivable inner linkage (8) received in the outer linkage (5), - pulling the inner linkage (8) out of the outer linkage (5), - inserting a probe (11; 21) into the outer linkage (5) , the probe (11; 21) being inserted at least essentially until the first borehole depth (D1) is reached, - probing a soil area (19) in the drilling direction (B) in front of the borehole (1) up to a first probing depth (S1) .

Description

The present invention relates to a method for probing soil areas in a soil, in which a borehole is drilled with a powered drilling tool and the soil area is probed in the drilling direction in front of the borehole.

An exploration of a ground area into which a borehole is to be drilled can always be necessary when the ground area has to be explored. If, for example, ordnance is to be feared in the ground area, an ordnance probe can be used by means of which ordnance, in particular duds, can be detected. If, on the other hand, the nature of the ground area needs to be explored, a pressure probe can be used. In this case, a measuring head with a conical tip is usually pressed at constant speed via a rod into the bottom area in the drilling direction in front of the borehole. In addition to the peak pressure and the skin friction, other parameters such as the pore water pressure can be measured.

From the DE 10 2012 204 496 A1 a method for producing an earth borehole is known, in which during the drilling process the ground area is permanently probed in the direction of drilling in front of the borehole. The probe is designed as a metal detector for detecting objects made of ferromagnetic material. For this purpose, the probe is arranged within a drilling element, the drilling element being made of a non-magnetic material.

From the textbook BUJA, Heinrich-Otto: Handbook of subsoil recognition: Devices and procedures. 1st edition Wiesbaden: Vieweg + Teubner, 2009 (PRAXIS). 586 pp. - ISBN 978-3-8348-0544-7, on page 536, a method for carrying out search bores is disclosed. In the known method, a bore of two to three meters is sunk by means of an overlay bore in a first step. Then the drilling tool is removed and PVC tubing is installed into which a probe is inserted. After probing the next two to three meters, the PVC piping is removed again and the drilling tool reinstalled to sink the next drilling section.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for probing soil areas in a soil that can be carried out reliably and easily.

• - Bohren eines Bohrloches mit einem angetriebenen Bohrwerkzeug bis zu einer ersten Bohrlochtiefe, wobei das Bohrwerkzeug ein antreibbares Außengestänge und ein im Außengestänge aufgenommenes antreibbares Innengestänge aufweist,
• - Herausziehen des Innengestänges aus dem Außengestänge,
• - Einführen einer Sonde in das Außengestänge, wobei die Sonde zumindest im Wesentlichen bis zum Erreichen der ersten Bohrlochtiefe eingeführt wird,
• - Sondieren eines Bodenbereiches in Bohrrichtung vor dem Bohrloch bis in eine erste Sondiertiefe.

According to the invention, the object is achieved with a method for probing soil areas in a soil, which comprises the steps:

• - Drilling a borehole with a powered drilling tool to a first borehole depth, the drilling tool having a drivable outer rod and a drivable inner rod accommodated in the outer rod,
• - pulling out the inner rod from the outer rod,
• - Insertion of a probe into the outer rod, the probe being inserted at least essentially until the first borehole depth is reached,
• - Probing a soil area in the direction of drilling in front of the borehole to a first probing depth.

The invention is thus based on the consideration that in the double-head drilling method the inner rod is exchangeably received in the outer rod. For the method step of probing the floor area, according to the invention, the inner rod is exchanged for the probe. In this way, the probe can be introduced into the borehole within the casing of the external string, whereby a collapse of the borehole during the probing is reliably prevented.

According to the invention it is therefore provided that the borehole is drilled into the ground in a first drilling step until a first borehole depth is reached. The first drill hole depth depends on the local conditions. If information is already available before the start of drilling that the ground area is free of ordnance, in particular duds, up to a first depth, or the nature of the ground area up to a first depth, the borehole is in a first drilling step a maximum of this first depth drilled. If, on the other hand, there is no information about possible weapons of war before the first drilling step, or if it is necessary to investigate the nature of the ground, the ground area can be explored in the drilling direction to a first exploration depth before the first drilling step. In principle, the probing depth corresponds to the sum of the borehole depth and an exploration depth or penetration depth of the probe used. The exploration depth or penetration depth depends on the probe used and the nature of the soil area. As a result, the borehole is drilled in the first drilling step to a maximum of the first probing depth, which can correspond to the exploration depth or penetration depth if a probing is carried out before the first drilling step and the borehole depth is thus still zero. If a first borehole section has already been drilled, the first probing depth corresponds to the sum of the first borehole depth and the exploration depth or penetration depth of the probe.

After reaching the first borehole depth, the inner rod is pulled out of the outer rod. Then the probe is inserted into the outer rod instead of the inner rod. In order to obtain information about the ground area in the drilling direction in front of the borehole, the probe is inserted at least essentially until the first borehole depth is reached. In other words, a probe head is guided to the bottom of the borehole in order from there to probe the soil area in the direction of drilling in front of the borehole. Above all in the case of soft soils, however, it can happen that the bottom of the borehole is unintentionally, but acceptable, thrown by soil material when the inner rod is pulled out. Thus, at least essentially up to the borehole depth, it is meant that the probe is inserted into the borehole until the probe head completely reaches the bottom of the borehole or hits the soil material of the thrown soil. With at least substantially until the first borehole depth is reached, in particular the possibility that the probe is pushed beyond the end of the outer rod into the ground should also be covered. Usually, the probe is guided at a maximum distance of twenty centimeters from the bottom of the borehole, preferably all the way to the bottom of the borehole.

When the probe is inserted into the outer rod, the ground area is probed in the drilling direction in front of the borehole to a first probing depth, which results from the sum of the first borehole depth and an exploration depth or penetration depth of the probe. Depending on the nature of the soil and the type of probe, the depth of exploration or the depth of penetration can vary. The fact that the probe is inserted at least essentially until the first borehole depth is reached and the ground area is probed in the drilling direction in front of the borehole, the outer rod can also be made of a magnetic material. To avoid interference fields during the probing, the outer rod is preferably made of an anti-magnetic material.

The outer rod can be a drill pipe which, as casing, supports the soil surrounding the borehole. A drill bit, which has a central opening, can be provided at a free end of the outer rod. The inner linkage runs inside the outer linkage and can have a conveyor helix for removing soil material and / or for conveying soil material. The outer linkage and the inner linkage can be driven via a common drive device or via two separate drive devices. In this way, the outer linkage can be operated together with the inner linkage or independently of the inner linkage. For example, the outer linkage and the inner linkage can be driven either in the same direction or rotating in opposite directions. In particular, the inner linkage can be driven in a rotating or rotating hitting manner.

Furthermore, the driven inner rod can lead or lag the driven outer rod during the drilling process. In other words, the drilling tool can allow a relative displacement of the outer rod to the inner rod during the drilling process in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool, so that, depending on the nature of the soil, a drill bit of the inner rod can lead or lag behind the outer rod. If the inner rod leads the outer rod, the respective borehole depth is defined by the distance between a ground surface at the start of drilling and the bottom of the borehole pre-drilled by the inner rod.

According to one aspect of the present invention it can be provided that the probe is an ordnance probe. In particular, it is provided that the ordnance probe has a magnetometer and that the step of probing the ground area comprises at least the partial step that the ground area is probed by means of a magnetic field probe down to the first probing depth. The maximum probing depth that can be reached by the ordnance probe used in the borehole depends on the one hand on the exploration depth of the probe used and on the other hand on the local soil conditions and possible sources of interference. The ordnance probe can also have a ground penetrating radar, also called ground penetrating radar, in order to probe the ground area with high-frequency electromagnetic waves. Using the ordnance probe, the ground area can be explored before the first or next drilling step, i.e. the step of drilling, for ordnance, especially duds, are probed.

According to a further aspect it can be provided that the probe is a pressure probe. In particular, it is provided that the step of probing the soil area comprises at least the partial step that the pressure probe is pressed into the soil beyond the first borehole depth in the drilling direction in front of the borehole. In particular, the pressure probe can have a measuring head with a conical tip, which is pressed at constant speed via a rod into the ground area in the drilling direction in front of the borehole. In addition to peak pressure and / or skin friction, other measured variables can also be used Example, a pore water pressure can be measured. The pressure sounding is used, for example, to check compaction or to assess the bearing capacity of the soil. It can also be used to get a quick overview of the floor structure. Since the use of the pressure probe or the penetration depth of the pressure probe can be limited due to the design of very solid soils and very densely packed soils, a borehole drilling can be carried out as an alternative to pressure probing.

After probing the ground area, the probe can be pulled out of the outer rod. In particular, after the probe has been withdrawn from the outer rod, the inner rod can be reinserted into the outer rod and the borehole can be drilled to a second borehole depth with the driven drilling tool. In the second drilling step, the borehole is preferably drilled to a maximum of the first probing depth. The second borehole depth is thus less than or at most equal to the first probing depth, so that drilling is only carried out to the extent that there is reliable information that the ground area is free of explosive ordnance or the nature of the ground.

If the borehole has to be drilled in more than one or two drilling steps, the aforementioned method steps are correspondingly repeated several times. In short, this means that the borehole is first drilled to a third borehole depth, the third borehole depth being less than or equal to the second probing depth. The borehole can then be drilled further up to a fourth borehole depth, the fourth borehole depth being less than or equal to the third probing depth. These steps can be repeated until the borehole has reached its final planned borehole depth. The last method step can be the step of probing the soil area in order to obtain information about the soil area in front of the borehole, starting from the final bottom of the borehole.

The probe can expediently be supported within the outer rod via spacers on an inner wall of the outer rod. In this way, the probe can simply be inserted into the outer rod and easily moved within the outer rod.

The method described above is well suited for boreholes that are at least essentially made horizontally in the ground, which means that certain deviations of the borehole of up to +/- 20 °, in particular up to +/- 10 °, from the horizontal are also included should.

It is expediently provided that the step of probing the ground area is carried out by the probe while the outer rod is at a standstill.

• 1 einen Verfahrensschritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform, bei dem ein Bohrloch bis zur ersten Bohrlochtiefe gebohrt wurde;
• 2 einen weiteren Verfahrensschritt des Verfahrens gemäß 1, bei dem eine Kampfmittelsonde bis zur ersten Bohrlochtiefe eingesetzt ist;
• 3 ein noch weiterer Verfahrensschritt des Verfahrens gemäß 1, bei dem ein Bohrloch bis zur zweiten Bohrlochtiefe gebohrt wurde;
• 4 einen noch weiteren Verfahrensschritt des Verfahrens gemäß 1, bei dem eine Kampfmittelsonde bis zur in 3 gebohrten zweiten Bohrlochtiefe eingesetzt ist;
• 5 einen Verfahrensschritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform, bei dem eine Drucksonde in ein Bohrloch, das bis zur ersten Bohrlochtiefe gebohrt wurde, eingesetzt ist; und
• 6 einen weiteren Verfahrensschritt des Verfahrens gemäß 5, bei dem eine Drucksonde in das Bohrloch, das bis zur zweiten Bohrlochtiefe gebohrt wurde, eingesetzt ist.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and described below. Herein shows:

• 1 a method step of a method according to the invention according to a first embodiment, in which a borehole was drilled to the first borehole depth;
• 2 a further step of the method according to 1 , in which a ordnance probe is inserted to the first borehole depth;
• 3 yet another step of the method according to 1 in which a borehole was drilled to the second borehole depth;
• 4th yet another step of the method according to 1 , in which a ordnance probe up to the in 3 drilled second borehole depth is used;
• 5 a method step of a method according to the invention according to a second embodiment, in which a pressure probe is inserted into a borehole that has been drilled to the first borehole depth; and
• 6 a further step of the method according to 5 , in which a pressure probe is inserted into the borehole that was drilled to the second borehole depth.

In the 1 to 4th are four process steps of a method for driving a borehole 1 into a floor 2 shown according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The borehole 1 is done with a drilling tool 3 through a vertical shaft wall 4th horizontally in the ground 2 brought in.

The drilling tool used 3 has an outer linkage 5 in the form of a drill pipe, which is used as casing for the borehole 1 surrounding soil 2 supports. At a free longitudinal end of the outer rod 5 is a drill collar 6 provided of a central opening 7th having. Inside the outer linkage 5 runs an inner linkage 8th . A free longitudinal end of the inner rod is used to remove soil material 8th a drill bit 9 intended. To remove the soil material from the borehole 1 to promote, has the inner linkage 8th a spiral conveyor 10 on. The external linkage 5 and the inner linkage 8th are driven independently of one another via two drive devices (not shown). In this way the outer linkage 5 and the inner linkage 8th be driven either in the same direction or rotating in opposite directions. During a drilling process, the design with two independent drive devices in the longitudinal direction allows X of the drilling tool 3 also a relative displacement of the outer linkage 5 to the inner linkage 8th so that depending on the nature of the soil the drill bit 9 of the inner linkage 8th opposite the drill collar 6 of the outer linkage 5 can lead or lag.

To ensure that the drilling tool 3 during the individual and in 1 and 4th The drilling steps shown by way of example, ie in the steps in which the drilling is carried out, no ordnance, in particular duds, is encountered, are gradual magnetic field probes with a ordnance probe 11 carried out. The ordnance probe indicates this 11 a magnetometer 12 on that at a free longitudinal end of a probe rod 13 is arranged. The ordnance probe 11 can instead of the inner linkage 8th in the outer frame 5 can be used. In 4th it can be seen that the ordnance probe 11 Spacers 14th may have to the probe rod 13 especially in deep boreholes 1 on an inner wall 15th of the outer linkage 5 to support.

The individual process steps are described below. In 1 a first process step is shown in which the borehole 1 with the help of the powered drilling tool 3 down to the first borehole depth D ₁ through the shaft wall 4th and in the ground 2 is introduced. The hole depth D ₁ corresponds in the longitudinal direction X the distance between a wall surface 16 here by an outer surface of the shaft wall 4th is formed, and one by the leading drill bit 9 of the inner linkage 8th drilled borehole bottom 17th . In the present case it was assumed that the shaft wall had already settled in the past 4th the floor 2 over the first borehole depth D ₁ was probed for ordnance, so here in the first process step the borehole 1 up to the first drill hole depth D ₁ in the ground 2 could be introduced. If this were not the case, a probe could be carried out before the first drilling step.

After reaching the first drill hole depth D ₁ becomes the inner linkage 8th from the outer frame 5 pulled out. In 2 it can be seen that next the ordnance probe 11 in the outer frame 5 is introduced while the outer linkage 5 stands still. This is where the ordnance probe 11 inserted until a probe head 18th of the magnetometer 12 through the central opening 7th of the drill collar 6 grabs and the bottom of the borehole 17th in the borehole depth D ₁ touched.

In a next process step, a first floor area is created 19th in drilling direction B. in front of the borehole 1 through the ordnance probe 11 probed. The ordnance probe 11 can the floor area 19th up to an initial exploration depth E ₁ probing, here not only the type of probe selected but also the nature of the soil in the soil area 19th is dependent. In the present case, the first sounding shows that the ground 2 in drilling direction B. in front of the borehole 1 down to the first probing depth S ₁ is free of ordnance. The probing depth D ₁ corresponds to the sum of the first drill hole depth D ₁ and the depth of exploration E ₁ .

After the magnetic field probe has been carried out, the ordnance probe 11 from the outer frame 5 pulled out. Furthermore, the inner linkage 8th in the outer frame 5 inserted and the drilling tool 3 driven again. In 3 it can be seen that the borehole 1 in a second drilling step until a second drill hole depth is reached D ₂ in the ground 2 is introduced. The second hole depth D ₂ is smaller than the first probing depth S ₁ , which ensures that the drilling tool 3 always with a sufficient safety distance to a ground that has not yet been explored 2 , in which the ordnance situation is unclear, is drilling.

When the borehole 1 up to the second drill hole depth D ₂ has been drilled, the inner linkage 8th from the outer frame 5 pulled out and the ordnance probe 11 to carry out a second magnetic field probe again in the outer rods 5 introduced. In 4th it can be seen that the ordnance probe 11 is inserted until the probe head 18th the bottom of the borehole 17th in the borehole depth D ₂ touched.

In a next step, a second floor area is created 20th in drilling direction B. in front of the borehole 1 through the ordnance probe 11 probed. The ordnance probe 11 can compare to the floor area 19th denser soil area 20th only up to a second exploration depth E ₂ probe the opposite of the exploration depth E ₁ is smaller. If, as here, no ordnance has been detected, the second probe shows that the ground 2 in drilling direction B. in front of the borehole 1 down to a second probing depth S ₂ is free of ordnance. The probing depth S ₂ corresponds to the sum of the second drill hole depth D ₂ and the second exploration depth E ₂ . Then the ordnance probe 11 again from the outer frame 5 pulled out and the inner linkage 8th in the outer frame 5 used.

The steps described above can be repeated until the borehole 1 has reached a planned borehole depth.

In 5 and 6 are two process steps of a method for driving a borehole 1 into a floor 2 shown according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Components that correspond to components of the first embodiment are provided with the same reference numerals as in FIGS 1 to 4th . The method according to the second embodiment only differs from the method according to the first embodiment in that instead of the ordnance probe 11 a pressure probe 21st is used.

After the borehole 1 - As in connection with the method according to the first embodiment, in particular with regard to 1 , described - down to the first drill hole depth D ₁ through the shaft wall 4th in the ground 2 introduced and the inner linkage 8th from the outer frame 5 is pulled out according to 5 the pressure probe 21st in the outer frame 5 used. The pressure probe 21st comes with a conical measuring tip 22nd initially so far into the outer linkage 5 inserted until the probe tip 22nd through the central opening 7th of the drill collar 6 grabs and the bottom of the borehole 17th in the first drill hole depth D ₁ touched.

A first pressure sounding of the first soil area then begins 19th in drilling direction B. in front of the borehole 1 to check the texture of the floor area 19th to explore. For this purpose, the measuring tip 22nd in drilling direction B. with constant speed over the probe rod 13 in the floor area 19th pressed in order to measure other measured variables, for example pore water pressure, in addition to peak pressure and skin friction. The pressure probe 21st is with the measuring tip 22nd until a first penetration depth is reached E ₁ , which can vary depending on the nature of the soil, in the soil area 19th pressed. After that the pressure probe 21st from the soil 2 withdrawn and completely out of the outer frame 5 pulled out.

Taking into account the knowledge gained from the first pressure sounding, the borehole is made in a second drilling step 1 - As in connection with the method according to the first embodiment, in particular with regard to 3 , described - down to the second drill hole depth D ₂ drilled. Then the inner linkage 8th from the outer frame 5 pulled out and the pressure probe 21st according to 6 turn into the outer linkage 5 used.

In 6 it can be seen that the measuring tip 22nd to the bottom of the borehole 17th in the second hole depth D ₂ is introduced. A second pressure sounding of the second floor area then begins 20th in drilling direction B. in front of the borehole 1 where the measuring tip 22nd with constant speed over the probe rod 13 in the floor area 20th is pressed. The pressure probe 21st is with the measuring tip 22nd until a second penetration depth is reached E ₂ that is due to the compared to the floor area 19th denser soil area 20th smaller than the first penetration depth E ₁ is in the floor area 20th pressed. After that the pressure probe 21st from the soil 2 withdrawn and completely out of the outer frame 5 pulled out. Finally, the inner linkage 8th in the outer frame 5 used.

The steps described above can be repeated until the borehole 1 has reached a planned borehole depth.

List of reference symbols

1

Borehole

2

ground

3

Drilling tool

4th

Shaft wall

5

External linkage

6th

Drill collar

7th

opening

8th

Inner linkage

9

Drill bit

10

Conveyor helix

11

Ordnance probe

12

Magnetometer

13th

Probe rods

14th

Spacers

15th

Inner wall

16

Wall surface

17th

Borehole bottom

18th

Probe head

19th

first floor area

20th

second floor area

21st

Pressure probe

22nd

Measuring tip

B.

Drilling direction

D ₁

first hole depth

D ₂

second hole depth

E ₁

first exploration depth or penetration depth

E ₂

second exploration depth or penetration depth

S ₁

first probing depth

S ₂

second probing depth

X

Longitudinal direction

Claims (12)

A method for probing soil areas (19, 20) in a soil (2), comprising the steps of: - drilling a borehole (1) with a powered drilling tool (3) to a first borehole depth (D ₁ ), wherein the drilling tool (3 ) has a drivable outer linkage (5) and a drivable inner linkage (8) received in the outer linkage (5), - pulling the inner linkage (8) out of the outer linkage (5), - inserting a probe (11; 21) into the outer linkage (5) ), the probe (11; 21) being inserted at least substantially until the first borehole depth (D ₁ ) is reached, - probing a soil area (19) in the drilling direction (B) in front of the borehole (1) up to a first probing depth ( S ₁ ). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the driven inner rod (8) leads the driven outer rod (5) during the drilling process. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the probe is a ordnance probe (11). Procedure according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the ordnance probe (11) has a magnetometer (12) and that the step of probing the soil area (19) comprises at least the partial step that the soil area (19) probes by means of a magnetic field probe up to the first probing depth (S ₁ ) becomes. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the probe is a pressure probe (21). Procedure according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the step of probing the soil area (19) comprises at least the partial step that the pressure probe (21) is pressed beyond the first borehole depth (D ₁ ) in the drilling direction (B) into the soil area (19). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the step of probing the floor area (19), the probe (11; 21) is pulled out of the outer rod (5). Procedure according to Claim 7 , characterized in that after pulling the probe (11; 21) out of the outer rod (5), the following steps are provided: - inserting the inner rod (8) into the outer rod (5), - drilling the borehole (1) with the driven Drilling tool (3) up to a second borehole depth (D ₂ ), the second borehole depth (D ₂ ) being less than or equal to the first probing depth (S ₁ ). Procedure according to Claim 8 , characterized in that after drilling to the second borehole depth (D ₂ ), the following steps are provided: - renewed withdrawal of the inner rod (8) from the outer rod (5), - renewed insertion of the probe (11; 21) into the outer rod ( 5), the probe (11; 21) being inserted at least substantially until the second borehole depth (D ₂ ) is reached, - probing the soil area (20) in the drilling direction (B) in front of the borehole (1) up to a second probing depth (S ₂ ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the probe (11; 21) is supported within the outer rod (5) via spacers (14) on an inner wall (15) of the outer rod (5). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the borehole (1) is made at least substantially horizontally in the ground (2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of probing the ground area (19, 20) by the probe (11; 21) is carried out while the outer rod (5) is stationary.

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