DE102015014820A1 - Device system for controlling and / or monitoring a power supply network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device system for controlling and / or monitoring a power supply network, based on a device type combination of several types of devices, in particular power quality meter, synchrophasor meter, power meter, energy meter, residual current measuring and protection device, insulation meter for unearthed IT power grids, spectrally resolving impedance meter for neutral line N impedances and phase conductors L1, L2, L3, spectral resolving impedance meter for PE between PE and neutral N for IT power grids, active line filter and / or Uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage. According to the invention, all device types combinations compiled from the named device types are designed as a modularized modular system (1) having the same basic module for measuring data acquisition (2) for all device types, wherein the basic module for measuring data acquisition (2) generates a data stream from digitized measured values of currents and voltages and makes this data stream available to all device type-specific hardware and / or software modules. The basic module for measuring data acquisition (2) has for measurements on 3-phase networks: a base measuring module (6) with controller (9) and to the base measuring module (6) connected current measuring inputs (14, 15, 16, 17, 18 , 19), current transformers (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38), voltage measurement inputs (20, 21, 22, 23) and optionally isolation amplifiers / transducers (29, 30, 31, 32).

Description

• – Netzqualitäts-Messgerät,
• – Synchrophasor-Messgerät,
• – Leistungs-Messgerät,
• – Energie-Messgerät,
• – Fehlerstrom-Mess- und -Schutzgerät,
• – Isolations-Messgerät für ungeerdete IT-Stromversorgungsnetze,
• – spektral auflösendes Impedanz-Messgerät für die Netzimpedanzen zwischen Neutralleiter N und Phasen-Außenleitern L1, L2, L3,
• – spektral auflösendes Impedanz-Messgerät für die Netzimpedanz zwischen Schutzleiter PE und Neutralleiter N für IT-Stromversorgungsnetze,
• – Aktives Netzfilter und/oder
• – Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung mit sinusförmiger Ausgangsspannung.

The invention relates to a device system for controlling and / or monitoring a power supply network, based on a device type combination of several types of devices, in particular

• - Power Quality Meter,
• - Synchrophasor measuring device,
• - power meter,
• - energy meter,
• - fault current measuring and protection device,
• - Insulation meter for unearthed IT power grids,
• - spectrally resolving impedance measuring device for the line impedances between neutral N and phase external conductors L1, L2, L3,
• - spectrally resolving impedance meter for the network impedance between protective conductor PE and neutral conductor N for IT power grids,
• - Active line filter and / or
• - Uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage.

All types of devices mentioned are well known to those skilled in the art: For example, power quality measuring devices, as the applicant itself manufactures and sells or synchrophasor gauges from the US 2014/0032143 A1 or residual current measuring and protective devices from the DE 10 2011 011 983 A1 , Also known is the metrological determination of technical protection parameters for permanent insulation monitoring of the IT power supply system and for the standard execution of metrological tests for an initial test and for recurring tests of the IT power supply system with the same integrated structural unit, for example from DE 10 2011 084 361 A1 , Also known is the use of the compensation currents active line filter for spectrally resolving measurement of the network impedance between a neutral conductor and the outer conductor phases L1, L2, L3, for example from the JP H10111329 ,

Power Quality Meters, Synchrophasor Meters, Power Meters, Energy Meters, Residual Current Meters and Protective Devices, Insulation Meters for Ungrounded IT Power Grids, Spectrally Dissolved Impedance Meters, Active Line Filters, and Sinusoidal Output Voltage Uninterruptible Power Supplies can perform their functions only by measuring the current and / or the voltage of the outer conductor phases L1, L2 and L3, the neutral conductor N and the protective conductor PE meet. This means that every single device has to analyze voltage and / or current before it can become active. Although all of these types of equipment are usually operated at identical connection points of the network - often a distribution or control cabinet - typically each device requires its own voltage and current converter, isolation and measurement circuits. This redundancy drives up the costs for acquisition, documentation and operation, the wiring effort and the space required in the control cabinet. Furthermore, each addition or removal of a device requires handling power lines or shutting down circuits.

The present invention has for its object to reduce in such a device system, the software and hardware redundancy in the converter, isolation and measurement circuits for voltage and current in the case of operation of the above-mentioned types of device combinations and thus significantly reduce the cost. At the same time, the space required for the device system according to the invention over conventional device types combinations, z. As in cabinets, reduced, and safety, maintenance and care are significantly improved. In addition, the device system according to the invention in changes much less intervention in voltage-carrying lines or shutdowns require, as would be the case with conventional device types combinations.

This object is achieved by the features listed in claim 1.

According to the invention, all device types combinations compiled from the device types listed above are designed as a modularized modular system which has a common basic module for measuring data acquisition for all device types, this common basic module for measuring data acquisition generating a data stream of digitized measured values of currents and voltages and this data stream for all device-specific hardware according to the invention - and / or software modules provides.

Advantageous embodiments of the modular system according to the invention and of the device type-specific hardware and / or software modules according to the invention are the subject matter of the subclaims.

In this way, the software and hardware redundancy in the case of operation of the modular system according to the invention are significantly reduced and significantly reduces the equipment system costs. At the same time, the required space is reduced and safety, maintenance and care are improved simply by the fact that fewer cable connections are required. In this unified device system, the measurement data acquisition can be complex, without having to be implemented individually for each device type. Another advantage of the modular system according to the invention is that some of the invention device type specific hardware and / or software modules, hereinafter also referred to as device type modules, without intervention on the voltage-leading side, solely by importing / inserting or removing software and / or hardware modules on the low voltage side, add or remove. This not only saves on the cost of business interruptions during shutdowns, but also the additional expense of qualified personnel, which is required for interventions on power lines for security reasons.

The modular system according to the invention also includes those types of devices which receive energy from the network and / or feed it into the network, hereinafter referred to as power device types. These types of power equipment include active line filters, insulation encoders for IT power grids, spectral resolving impedance meters for line impedances between neutral N and phase external conductors L1, L2, L3, spectrally resolving impedance meters for PE between PE and PE Neutral conductor N in IT power supply networks as well as uninterruptible power supplies with sinusoidal output voltage. Preferably, the latter are so-called online UPS. Online UPSs are uninterruptible power supplies whose output voltage is also generated during normal operation by the UPS-internal inverter.

For physical reasons, it does not make sense within a modular system realized according to the invention to realize all listed types of power devices simultaneously at a grid connection point. For the point of connection of the modular system according to the invention with the network, measurement category CAT IV / 600 V or CAT IV / 1000 V is typically required in low-voltage networks, resulting, for example, in minimum requirements for the necessary isolation distances and thus for the minimum size of current and voltage transformers.

The function of the individual device types of a device type combination of a device system makes different demands on the respective current and voltage measuring devices of each device type. Active line filters require current and voltage transformer bandwidths of about 100 kHz and continuous sampling with sampling frequencies in the order of 100 kHz to 1 MHz per channel, if they are based on the prior art on control circuits with response times in the 0.1 ms range. The detection of low-filtered edges of power converters even requires bandwidths in the MHz range. For synchrophasor measurements, the time points of all measured value samples or time stamps must be known with an uncertainty of <1 μs, whereby the default value of the time uncertainty of the time stamps is 100 ns. Power and energy measuring instruments require verifiable combinations of signal transducers and / or isolation stages and A / D converters, also referred to as measuring chains, with high phase accuracy and amplitude accuracy dependent on the accuracy class. Power quality measuring devices require measuring chains that are associated with transient overvoltage or with transient overcurrents and can withstand a multiple of the rated maximum voltages and nominal maximum currents without reversible or even irreversible damage in order to detect faults. Ideally, power quality meters have special "transient ranges" that can quantify such events without overload.

The invention will be described below with reference to one in the drawing 1 partially and partially schematically illustrated embodiment explained in more detail.

1 shows the modular system according to the invention 1 partly optionally connected to the electrical network hardware components, but not the device type modules realized thereby. The modular system according to the invention 1 has a common for all device types modules of the device system according to the invention basic module for measuring data acquisition 2 on. The basic measuring module 6 generates a data stream from digitalized measured values of currents and voltages for measuring data acquisition and makes this data stream available to all device type-specific hardware and / or software modules.

The basic module for measuring data acquisition 2 consists essentially of a basic measurement module 6 and a controller 9 , The basic measurement module 6 are current transformers 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 on three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3, a neutral conductor N 4 and a protective conductor PE 5 upstream. The basic measuring module 6 has current meter inputs 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 and voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 as well as optional isolation amplifier / transducer 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 on. At least one of the current measuring inputs must 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 and at least one of the current transformers 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 and at least one of the voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 and optionally at least one of the isolation amplifiers / transducers 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 via data connections to the basic module for measuring data acquisition 2 feature.

According to the invention, the basic measuring module 6 with controller 9 and the current meter inputs connected to the network 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 and voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 designed for the highest demands, the one with the modular system 1 realizable device types.

• – Ein erster Strommesseingang 14 für die Ausgangssignale eines ersten Stromwandlers 33 für den Strom des ersten Phasen-Außenleiters L1. Der erste Strommesseingang 14 misst mittels des ersten Stromwandlers 33 den Strom im ersten Phasen-Außenleiter L1.
• – Ein zweiter Strommesseingang 15 für die Ausgangssignale eines zweiten Stromwandlers 34 für den Strom des zweiten Phasen-Außenleiters L2. Der zweite Strommesseingang 15 misst mittels des zweiten Stromwandlers 34 den Strom im zweiten Phasen-Außenleiter L2.
• – Ein dritter Strommesseingang 16 für die Ausgangssignale eines dritten Stromwandlers 35 für den Strom des dritten Phasen-Außenleiters L3. Der dritte Strommesseingang 16 misst mittels des dritten Stromwandlers 35 den Strom im dritten Phasen-Außenleiter L3.
• – Ein vierter Strommesseingang 17 für die Ausgangssignale eines vierten Stromwandlers 36 für den Strom des Neutralleiters N 4. Der vierte Strommesseingang 17 misst mittels des vierten Stromwandlers 36 den Strom im Neutralleiter N 4.
• – Ein fünfter Strommesseingang 18 für die Ausgangssignale eines fünften Stromwandlers 37 für den Strom des Schutzleiters PE 5. Der fünfte Strommesseingang 18 misst mittels des fünften Stromwandlers 37 den Strom im Schutzleiter PE 5.
• – Ein sechster Strommesseingang I_L1 + I_L2 + I_L3–I_N 19 für die Ausgangssignale eines sechsten Stromwandlers 38 zur Messung des Differenzstroms I_L1 + I_L2 + I_L3–I_N, eines sogenannten „Fehlerstroms”. Der sechste Strommesseingang I_L1 + I_L2 + I_L3–I_N 19 misst mittels des sechsten Stromwandlers 38, ausgeführt als Differenzstromwandler I_L1 + I_L2 + I_L3–I_N, die auch als „Fehlerstrom” oder „Residual current” bezeichnete Differenz zwischen der Summe der Ströme in den drei Phasen-Außenleitern L1, L2 und L3 und dem Strom im Neutralleiter N 4.

To the complete modular system 1 to be able to realize for a 3-phase low-voltage power supply, according to the invention belong to the equipment of the base measuring module 6 :

• - A first current measuring input 14 for the output signals of a first current transformer 33 for the current of the first phase outer conductor L1. The first power measurement input 14 measures by means of the first current transformer 33 the current in the first phase outer conductor L1.
• - A second current measuring input 15 for the output signals of a second current transformer 34 for the current of the second phase outer conductor L2. The second current measuring input 15 measures by means of the second current transformer 34 the current in the second phase outer conductor L2.
• - A third power measurement input 16 for the output signals of a third current transformer 35 for the current of the third phase outer conductor L3. The third power measurement input 16 measures by means of the third current transformer 35 the current in the third phase outer conductor L3.
• - A fourth current measuring input 17 for the output signals of a fourth current transformer 36 for the current of the neutral conductor N 4 , The fourth power measurement input 17 measures by means of the fourth current transformer 36 the current in the neutral conductor N 4 ,
• - A fifth meter reading input 18 for the output signals of a fifth current transformer 37 for the current of the protective conductor PE 5 , The fifth electricity meter entrance 18 measures by means of the fifth current transformer 37 the current in the protective conductor PE 5 ,
• - A sixth current input I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N 19 for the output signals of a sixth current transformer 38 for measuring the differential current I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N , a so-called "fault current". The sixth current measuring input I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N 19 measures by means of the sixth current transformer 38 , implemented as differential current transformer I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N , the difference referred to as "residual current" or "residual current" between the sum of the currents in the three phase outer conductors L1, L2 and L3 and the current in the neutral conductor N 4 ,

• – Ein erster Spannungsmesseingang U_L1–U_N 20 für die Ausgangssignale eines ersten Isolationsverstärkers/Messwandlers U_L1–U_N 29 zur Messung der Sternspannung zwischen dem ersten Phasen-Außenleiter L1 und dem Neutralleiter N 4. Spannungsseitig ist der erste Spannungsmesseingang U_L1–U_N 20 über den ersten Isolationsverstärker/Messwandler U_L1–U_N 29 mit dem ersten Phasen-Außenleiter L1 und dem Neutralleiter N 4 verbunden.
• – Ein zweiter Spannungsmesseingang U_L2–U_N 21 für die Ausgangssignale eines zweiten Isolationsverstärkers/Messwandlers U_L2–U_N 30 zur Messung der Sternspannung zwischen dem zweiten Phasen-Außenleiter L2 und dem Neutralleiter N 4. Der zweite Spannungsmesseingang U_L2–U_N 21 ist über den zweiten Isolationsverstärker/Messwandler U_L2–U_N 30 mit dem zweiten Phasen-Außenleiter L2 und dem Neutralleiter N 4 verbunden.
• – Ein dritter Spannungsmesseingang U_L3–U_N 22 für die Ausgangssignale eines dritten Isolationsverstärkers/Messwandlers U_L3–U_N 31 zur Messung der Sternspannung zwischen dem dritten Phasen-Außenleiter L3 und dem Neutralleiter N 4. Der dritte Spannungsmesseingang U_L3–U_N 22 ist über den dritten Isolationsverstärker/Messwandler U_L3–U_N 31 mit dem dritten Phasen-Außenleiter L3 und dem Neutralleiter N 4 verbunden.
• – Ein vierter Spannungsmesseingang U_N–U_PE 23 für das Ausgangssignal eines vierten Isolationsverstärkers/Messwandlers U_N–U_PE 32 zur Messung der Spannung zwischen dem Neutralleiter N 4 und dem Schutzleiter PE 5. Der vierte Spannungsmesseingang U_N–U_PE 23 ist über den vierten Isolationsverstärker/Messwandler U_N–U_PE 32 mit dem Neutralleiter N 4 und dem Schutzleiter PE 5 verbunden und misst die Spannungsdifferenz zwischen dem Schutzleiter PE 5 und dem Neutralleiter N 4.

Furthermore, according to the invention belong to the equipment of the base measuring module 6 four voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 :

• - A first voltage measurement input U _L1 -U _N 20 for the output signals of a first isolation amplifier / transducer U _L1 -U _N 29 for measuring the star voltage between the first phase outer conductor L1 and the neutral conductor N. 4 , On the voltage side, the first voltage measurement input U _L1 -U _N 20 via the first isolation amplifier / transducer U _L1 -U _N 29 with the first phase outer conductor L1 and the neutral conductor N 4 connected.
• - A second voltage measurement input U _L2 -U _N 21 for the output signals of a second isolation amplifier / transducer U _L2 -U _N 30 for measuring the star voltage between the second phase outer conductor L2 and the neutral conductor N. 4 , The second voltage measurement input U _L2 -U _N 21 is via the second isolation amplifier / transducer U _L2 -U _N 30 with the second phase outer conductor L2 and the neutral conductor N. 4 connected.
• - A third voltage _measuring input U _L3 -U _N 22 for the output signals of a third isolation amplifier / transducer U _L3 -U _N 31 for measuring the star voltage between the third phase outer conductor L3 and the neutral conductor N. 4 , The third voltage measurement input U _L3 -U _N 22 is via the third isolation amplifier / transducer U _L3 -U _N 31 with the third phase outer conductor L3 and the neutral conductor N. 4 connected.
• - A fourth voltage measuring input U _N -U _PE 23 for the output signal of a fourth isolation amplifier / transducer U _N -U _PE 32 for measuring the voltage between the neutral conductor N 4 and the protective conductor PE 5 , The fourth voltage measurement input U _N -U _PE 23 is via the fourth isolation amplifier / transducer U _N -U _PE 32 with the neutral conductor N 4 and the protective conductor PE 5 connected and measures the voltage difference between the protective conductor PE 5 and the neutral conductor N 4 ,

In addition, the base measurement module has 6 a real-time clock 3 Optionally available on a regular basis from a receiver for accurate time standards, such as from a GPS receiver 7 , synchronized with an external time standard.

It is within the scope of the invention that in 3-phase networks both the star voltages and the triangular voltages can be measured.

According to the invention, the inputs of the base measuring module 6 also be implemented as inputs for digital data, such as those provided by modern transducers for currents and voltages of the medium and high voltage level of the network.

According to the invention, the base measuring module 6 in substantial parts of a few specialized integrated circuits or a specialized integrated circuit, for example as a one-chip system - also called SoC - be constructed.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the data stream may be the device type specific hardware and / or software modules via a dedicated bus - preferably a bus with point-to-multipoint structure - and / or via a Dedicated protocol - preferably one, which allows point-to-multipoint data transfer - provided.

According to the invention, at the base measurement module 6 one or more supplementary measuring modules 8th be arranged. The supplementary measuring module 8th to 1 has a first branch current measuring input 25 on, by means of a first branch current transformer 39 measures the current in the branch of the first phase outer conductor L1. A second branch current measuring input 26 of the supplementary measuring module 8th measures by means of a second branch current transformer 40 the current in the branch of the second phase outer conductor L2, a third branch current measuring input 27 measures by means of a third branch current transformer 41 the current in the branch of the third phase outer conductor L3 and a fourth branch current measuring input N 28 measures by means of a fourth branch current transformer N 42 the current in the branch of the neutral conductor N 4 , Optionally, the supplementary measuring modules 8th also one or more further branch current measuring inputs I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N 43 comprise, by means of corresponding branch residual current differential current transformer I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N 44 measure the residual current of the branches. By means of such supplementary measuring modules 8th For example, according to the invention, spectrally resolving measurements of the network impedance between the neutral conductor N 4 and perform the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3 of individual branches from a Netzanknüpfungspunkt.

According to the invention, the current transformers correspond 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 , the branch current transformer 39 . 40 . 41 . 42 . 44 , the electricity meter inputs 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 , the branch current meter inputs 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 43 , the isolation amplifiers / transducers 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 , the voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 and connected analog-to-digital converters, also known as A / D converters, each meeting the most demanding specifications of the modular system 1 realizable device types.

If the modular system according to the invention 1 For example, for measurements on the generator, intermediate circuit and grid connection point of a wind turbine, the number of inputs must be doubled and supplemented with DC-capable voltage and current inputs for the DC link. Therefore, according to the invention, it is expedient, as the example shows, also the individual current measuring inputs 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 and voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 of the basic measuring module 6 modular and configurable in number and function. Generally, all mentioned current transformers 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 . 39 . 40 . 41 . 42 . 44 and isolation amplifiers / transducers 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 a voltage strength or overvoltage resistance according to the measurement category, a bandwidth corresponding to the requirements for active filters, but if possible also for direct currents and the accuracy class A. The current meter inputs 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 and voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 digitize the input signals. According to the invention, the input signals of one or more inputs can be digitized simultaneously with a plurality of A / D converters. This is the only way to simultaneously perform class A-compliant power quality measurements and synchrophasor measurements. For class A compliant power quality measurements, the currents and voltages of the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, and L3 must be digitized at a sampling rate that tracks line frequency variations through a phase locked loop, also referred to as PLL. On the other hand, synchrophasor measurements and the measurements of the active filter control circuits are carried out with a sampling rate which is fixed to the nominal frequency of the network. The controller 9 is for everyone with the modular system 1 realizable device types in the form of device type modules required and receives raw data from the base measurement module 6 and / or the supplementary measurement modules 8th , According to the invention, the controller contains 9 One or more powerful computers on which software modules run - if possible as parallel threads.

The controller 9 may in a further embodiment of the invention in terms of hardware, but also spatially, from the base measurement module 6 be discontinued.

The in the base measurement module 6 to 1 arranged real-time clock 3 which is optionally available regularly from the receiver for accurate time standards, such as the GPS receiver 7 , is synchronized, provides the measurement data of the data stream generated in the basic module with an accurate absolute time reference. The basic measuring module provides this 6 in real time all in a modular system 1 Device type modules provide a data stream describing the measured values of the current and voltage inputs and their absolute time reference. It is within the scope of the invention that instead of a single real time clock 3 a variety of full-fledged real-time clocks 3 or simpler built satellite clocks spatially each at the individual current inputs 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 and / or branch current meter inputs 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 43 and / or voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 can be arranged.

The desired device types are realized according to the invention as device type modules made of software and possibly own hardware. These modules use the data stream from the basic measurement module 6 or subsets of the data stream. Depending on the embodiment, the software modules of the individual device types can be based on independent, with the controller 9 connected hardware or on the controller 9 yourself. Insofar as the device type specific modules include hardware components and / or hardware and software components, these may be more compact and less expensive than stand-alone devices because they do not require their own data acquisition circuitry. The data stream from the base measurement module 6 is sufficient to supply the device type specific hardware and / or software modules of the device types power quality meter, synchrophasor meter, power meter, energy meter and residual current meter and protector.

The device type-specific modules of software and, if necessary, own hardware calculate output data for displaying and / or storing and / or controlling or regulating the power generators of the power device types via a generator controller 24 , Calculated output data can also serve to control external equipment. The controller 9 and, if appropriate, the device-type-specific hardware modules may be equipped with one or more interfaces with which the output data can be transferred to external storage media for display and / or storage or transferred to external databases. According to the invention, the controller 9 and, if appropriate, the device-type-specific hardware modules with memory for buffering or for permanent storage of the acquired measurement data. According to the invention, the controller 9 take over measured values and messages, in particular alarm, error or status messages for buffering or for permanent storage from the device-type-specific modules made of software and, if appropriate, their own hardware. According to the invention, the controller 9 and optionally, the device-type specific hardware modules are equipped with dedicated software modules or with dedicated hardware for encrypting internally managed or interfaced data. According to the invention, the controller 9 and optionally the device type specific hardware modules with a man-machine interface. According to the invention, the functions of the controller 9 or, if appropriate, software modules running on device type-specific hardware, remotely parameterized and otherwise controlled via an interface and / or via a local human-machine interface. According to the invention, the device-type-specific modules can be made of software and, if appropriate, own hardware, apart from the shared measured value acquisition hardware from the base measurement module 6 and controllers 9 use other shared resources such as data storage and / or man-machine interfaces. This results in savings compared to standalone devices, and less space required as soon as several types of modular system in the form of device type modules are operated simultaneously.

According to the invention, the controller 9 provide buffered messages, in particular alarm, error or status messages of all device type-specific modules made of software and, if appropriate, own hardware by means of a diagnostic interface. This allows a comparison of the messages of all device type specific modules compared to standalone devices, which simplifies the interpretation.

According to the invention, the controller 9 and / or the base measurement module 6 contain information about the identity of the measuring point in a non-volatile memory and provide all device type-specific modules made of software and, if necessary, its own hardware as metadata for device type-specific measurements. This requires fewer inputs compared to stand-alone devices and is therefore less error-prone.

According to the invention, the controller 9 and / or the base measurement module 6 Store calibration data for all connected measuring chains in a non-volatile memory. Compared to stand-alone devices, this reduces the calibration effort from the individual calibration of all individual devices and their measuring chains to a calibration procedure of the basic measuring module 6 with the connected current measuring inputs 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 with their current transformers 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 and the voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 with their isolation amplifiers / transducers 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 ,

According to the invention, the calibration data may also include parameters for calculating the transfer functions of the measurement chains. Such an extrapolation of the transfer functions usually occurs as a reversal of a convolution operation and is referred to below as deconvolution. It is within the scope of the invention that a plurality of Dekonvolutionsschaltungen at the individual current measuring inputs 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 and / or branch current meter inputs 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 43 and / or voltage measurement inputs 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 can be arranged.

In an advantageous embodiment according to the invention, as many as possible of the device-specific software modules and, if necessary, device-specific hardware modules are designed so that they can be integrated into the overall system by simply importing or removing software and / or adding or removing hardware modules on the low-voltage side can be added to or removed from the system without requiring any intervention on the live side by specially trained personnel. This applies in the strict sense at least for the device type specific hardware and / or software modules power quality meter module, synchrophasor meter module, power meter module, power meter module and fault current measuring and protection module.

The power device types additionally require at least one connection or plug-in to the supported network capable of transmitting the required power. All types of power units remove energy from the grid, store them in a DC link, if necessary, and feed them again, for example, as an active measuring signal for impedance measurement or, in the case of active filters, as a compensation current for reducing harmonic currents. The maximum power in the relevant network branch must be taken into account. Examples of such power electronics modules are in 1 shown. In this advantageous embodiment of the invention, the power device types of the modular system 1 as a power generator for an optional frequency-shiftable noise band 11 , a power generator for compensation currents 12 and a UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage 13 , designed so that their power electronics, in particular the feed circuits for intermediate circuits, the intermediate circuits themselves and the output stages, can be converted for adaptation to the respective power supply network for different power ranges. If the power of the supply circuit, energy storage in the intermediate circuit and output stage are increased further by adding, for example, the storage capacitor to an accumulator, the device type active filter changes to the device type uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage. According to the invention arises in the modular system 1 as equivalent to the UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage 13 ,

1 shows according to the invention with a small power generator PE / N 10 , the power generator for an optional frequency-shiftable noise band 11 , the power generator for compensation currents 12 and the UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage 13 schematically some possible supplementary circuits with power output stages, which is the basic measurement module 6 with controller 9 to extend various types of power devices of equivalent device types. The small power generator PE / N 10 At the same time it serves to measure the static insulation resistance of IT networks and to measure the frequency response of this impedance. According to the embodiment of the small power generator PE / N 10 also work with several test voltages in order to carry out both the continuous insulation monitoring and, if required, the standard-compliant initial test with a higher test voltage, statically and in terms of its impedance frequency response. The small power generator PE / N 10 can in principle be operated in parallel with the supplementary circuits with power output stage described below. The power generator for an optional frequency-shiftable noise band 11 forms in the modular system 1 a component of the device type spectrally resolving impedance meter for the network impedance between the neutral conductor N 4 and the phase output conductors L1, L2, L3. For example, spectral resolution network impedance measurements are used to detect and reject resonances away from the fundamental frequency of the network before such resonances are excited uncontrollably and then cause damage to equipment. State-of-the-art line impedance meters operate with high-power noise on the full bandwidth of the network impedance frequency range to be measured, which is temporarily superimposed on the line voltage or line current, which is a modulation of line voltage and line current. However, this method easily leads to EMC problems. According to the invention, one can alternatively limit the bandwidth of the heterodyne signals to a noise band with a bandwidth clearly below that of the frequency band to be measured and move the noise band over the frequency band to be measured during the superimposition phase of the measurement. This reduces the noise performance. The noise power can be adapted to the natural current or voltage noise in the respective noise band to further reduce the noise power. Both reduce the EMC problems. However, the measurement duration increases approximately by the ratio:
Bandwidth of the frequency band to be measured / bandwidth of the noise band

The measurement time is then still shorter than it would be in impedance measurement by superposition of a swept, quasi-monofrequent beat signal.

The power generator for compensation currents 12 forms in the modular system 1 the output stage of the device type Active line filter. The compensating currents of the device type active line filter, if modulated, can be used to determine the device type spectrally resolving impedance measuring device for the line impedance between the neutral conductor N 4 and the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3 to realize, but which provides without further precautions only at those frequencies information about the network impedance, which also in the Compensation streams are represented. Advantageously, this is done by the power generator for compensation currents 12 adds sinusoidal currents to non-sinusoidal currents, thereby providing harmonic compensation currents which, when modulated, provide information about the network impedance at those frequencies represented in the compensation currents.

Supplies a device type Uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage to the UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage 13 Non-linear loads with sinusoidal voltage, the uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage acts like an active line filter: Also such a uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage generates compensation currents, which, when modulated, are usable to the device type spectrally resolving impedance meter for network impedance between the neutral conductor N 4 and to realize the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3, but provides without further precautions only at those frequencies information about the network impedance, which are also represented in the compensation currents. The to the generator control 24 connected UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage 13 supplies information about the network impedance, in particular, when it supplies non-linear loads with sinusoidal voltage and thereby supplies harmonic compensation currents.

Instead of the power generator for compensation currents 12 It is also possible to use other powerful generators or loads that temporarily feed or extract high frequency bandwidth currents to connect the device type spectrally resolving impedance meter to the line impedance between neutral N 4 and to realize the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3. It is expedient to measure the actual currents of such generators or loads and to analyze spectrally.

The modular system according to the invention 1 There offers the greatest economic benefits, where permanently or temporarily several of the device types modules of the modular system 1 be used, for example, if at a grid connection point with an active line filter energy and performance and insulation measurements are necessary and in case of failure power quality measurements are provided.

Are the specifications of the data stream from the base measurement module 6 disclosed, the individual device types modules of the modular system 1 Developed more easily than hitherto by independent development teams. The market introduction of newly developed device type modules is simplified because there is no need to re-approve and certify the modular components associated with live system components.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

modular system

2

Basic module for measuring data acquisition

3

Real Time Clock

4

Neutral conductor N

5

Protective conductor PE

6

Basic measurement module

7

GPS receiver

8th

Supplementary measurement module

9

controller

10

Low power generator PE / N

11

Power generator for an optional frequency-shiftable noise band

12

Power generator for compensation currents

13

UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage

14

first current measuring input

15

second current measuring input

16

third current measurement input

17

fourth current measuring input N

18

fifth current measuring input PE

19

sixth current measuring input I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N

20

first voltage measurement input U _L1 -U _N

21

second voltage measuring input U _L2 -U _N

22

third voltage _measuring input U _L3 -U _N

23

fourth voltage measuring input U _N -U _PE

24

Generator control

25

first branch current measuring input

26

second branch current measuring input

27

third branch current measuring input

28

fourth branch current measuring input N

29

first isolation amplifier / transducer U _L1 -U _N

30

second isolation amplifier / transducer U _L2 -U _N

31

third isolation amplifier / transducer U _L3 -U _N

32

fourth isolation amplifier / transducer U _N -U _PE

33

first current transformer

34

second current transformer

35

third current transformer

36

fourth current transformer N

37

fifth current transformer PE

38

Sixth current transformer, designed as a differential current transformer I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N

39

first branch current transformer

40

second branch current transformer

41

third branch current transformer

42

fourth branch current transformer N

43

Branch current measuring input I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N

44

Branch residual current differential current transformer I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2014/0032143 A1 [0002]
• DE 102011011983 A1 [0002]
• DE 102011084361 A1 [0002]
• JP 10111329 [0002]

Claims (20)

Device system for controlling and / or monitoring a power supply network, based on a device type combination of several device types, in particular - power quality measuring device, - synchrophasor measuring device, - power measuring device, - energy measuring device, - residual current measuring and protective device, - isolation Ungrounded IT power supply measuring device, - spectrally resolving impedance measuring device for neutral line N neutral impedances and phase conductors L1, L2, L3, - spectral resolving impedance measuring device for PE between neutral PE and neutral N for IT power grids, - Active line filter and / or - Uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage, characterized in that all of the device types compiled device type combinations as a modularized modular system ( 1 ), which for all device types a common basic module for measuring data acquisition ( 2 ) and that this common basic module for measuring data acquisition ( 2 ) generates a data stream of digitized measurements of currents and voltages and makes this data stream available to all device type specific hardware and / or software modules. Device system according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic module for measuring data acquisition ( 2 ): a base measurement module ( 6 ) with controller ( 9 ) as well as at least one current measuring input ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) and at least one voltage measuring input ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ), whereby the current measuring inputs ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) Power converter ( 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 ) and wherein the voltage measurement inputs ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ) optional isolation amplifier / transducer ( 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 ), wherein the current measuring inputs ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) and the voltage measurement inputs ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ) into the base measurement module ( 6 ) integrated or spatially from the base measurement module ( 6 ) and via data connections to the base measurement module ( 6 ) are connected. Device system according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that at the base measuring module ( 6 ) one or more supplementary measuring modules ( 8th ) are arranged to the three branch current measuring inputs ( 25 . 26 . 27 ) for the output signals of three branch current transformers ( 39 . 40 . 41 ) for branch currents of the phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3, a fourth branch current measuring input N ( 28 ) for the output signal of a fourth branch current transformer N ( 42 ) for the current of a neutral conductor N ( 4 ) and optionally a branch current measuring input I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N ( 43 ) for the output signal of a branch residual current differential current transformer I _L1 + I _L2 + I _L3 -I _N ( 44 ) are connected. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the current transformer ( 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 ) of the current meter inputs ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ), the branch current transformers ( 39 . 40 . 41 . 42 . 44 ) of the branch current measuring inputs ( 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 43 ) and the isolation amplifiers / transducers ( 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 ) of the voltage measurement inputs ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ) and connected A / D converters, each meeting the most demanding specifications of the modular system ( 1 ) correspond to realizable device types. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the basic measuring module ( 6 ) for measuring data acquisition a real-time clock ( 3 optionally periodically from a receiver for accurate time standards, for example from a GPS receiver ( 7 ), synchronizes with an external time standard, and that the measured data of the 6 ) generated by the real-time clock ( 3 ) and / or satellite clocks are provided with a precise absolute time reference, whereby a plurality of real-time clocks ( 3 ) as well as circuits for the deconvolution of the transfer functions of the measuring chains spatially at each of the individual current measuring inputs ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) and / or branch current measuring inputs ( 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 43 ) and / or voltage measurement inputs ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ) can be arranged. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the individual inputs of the basic measuring module ( 6 ) are modular in an advantageous embodiment and designed to be configurable in number and function, wherein the inputs of the base measuring module ( 6 ) can also be implemented as inputs for digital data, such as are provided by modern current and voltage transducers, and / or that the basic measuring module ( 6 ) can be constructed essentially of one or more specialized integrated circuits. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the desired device types are implemented as device type specific hardware and / or software modules of software and possibly its own hardware, the software of the device type specific hardware and / or software modules depending on the embodiment either on stand-alone, with the controller ( 9 ) connectable hardware is installed and running or in the controller ( 9 ) is installed and running. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device type specific software modules and possibly device type specific hardware modules, in particular when it comes to power quality meter modules, synchrophasor meter modules, power meter modules, Energy meter modules or residual current measuring and protective device modules are, if possible, designed so that they can be added to the overall system alone by importing or removing software and / or adding or removing hardware modules on the low voltage side, if necessary or remove it without requiring any intervention on the live side. Appliance system according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the device-type-specific modules of software and dedicated hardware optionally calculate output data, bring to display and / or store and / or that (at the controller 9 ) a generator control ( 24 ) and that the output data of the device type specific hardware and / or software modules of the control or regulation of power generators of the power device modules - low power generator PE / N ( 10 ), - power generator for a frequency-shiftable noise band ( 11 ), - power generator for compensation currents ( 12 ) and / or UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage ( 13 ) via the generator control ( 24 ) and / or that the output data of the device type-specific hardware and / or software modules are used to control external resources. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the controller ( 9 ) and, if appropriate, the device type-specific hardware modules are equipped with one or more interfaces with which the output data can be transferred to external storage media for display and / or storage or transferred to external databases and / or that the controller ( 9 ) and, if appropriate, the device type-specific hardware modules can be equipped with memory for buffering or for permanent storage of the acquired measurement data, wherein the controller ( 9 ) can take over measured values and messages, in particular alarm, error or status messages for buffering or for permanent storage, from the device-type-specific hardware and / or software modules and / or that at the controller ( 9 ) a diagnostic interface is arranged, which can provide the buffered alarm, error or status messages for a comparative representation of the messages of all device type specific hardware and / or software modules available. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the controller ( 9 ) and, if appropriate, the device-type-specific hardware modules can be equipped with dedicated software modules or with dedicated hardware for encrypting internally administered or transmitted data via the interfaces, and / or that the controller ( 9 ) and, if appropriate, the device type-specific hardware modules can be equipped with a man-machine interface and / or that the functions of the controller ( 9 ) or possibly device type specific hardware running device type specific software modules can be remotely parameterized via an interface and / or via a local man-machine interface and otherwise controlled. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the basic module for measuring data acquisition ( 2 ), in particular hardware and / or software components of the device types power quality meter, synchrophasor meter, power meter and / or energy meter, wherein one or more types of device components may be implemented as device type modules that the controller ( 9 ), the raw data from the base measurement module ( 6 ) and / or the supplementary measurement modules ( 8th ) receives. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the modular system ( 1 ) the function of the device types isolation meter for ungrounded IT power grids and spectral Resolving Impedance Meter for Line Impedance between Protective Conductor PE ( 5 ) and neutral conductors ( 4 ) for IT power grids with a module that uses the small power generator PE / N ( 10 ), which simultaneously serves the measurement of the static insulation resistance of IT networks and the measurement of the frequency response of this impedance and can work with several test voltages to ensure both the permanent insulation monitoring and, if necessary, the standard test with higher test voltage static and in their impedance Frequency course to perform. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the modular system ( 1 ) the function of the instrument type spectrally resolving impedance meter for the line impedances between the neutral conductor N ( 4 ) and the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3 realized with a module which one to the generator control ( 24 ) connected power generator for an optionally frequency-shiftable noise band ( 11 ), which at any point in time limits the bandwidth of the beat signals to a noise band with a bandwidth well below the bandwidth of the frequency band to be measured and shifts the noise band over the frequency band to be measured during the overlay phase of the measurement and thereby the noise power of the natural current or voltage noise in the respective noise band adapts to further reduce the noise power. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the modular system ( 1 ) the function of the equipment types active line filter and spectrally resolving impedance meter for the network impedance between the neutral conductor N ( 4 ) and the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3 realized with a module which one to the generator control ( 24 ) connected power generator for compensation currents ( 12 ) which, when supplementing non-sinusoidal currents of nonlinear loads into sinusoidal currents, provides harmonic compensation currents which, when modulated, provide information about the network impedance at those frequencies represented in the compensation currents. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the modular system ( 1 ) the function of the device types Uninterruptible power supply with sinusoidal output voltage and spectrally resolving impedance meter for the line impedance between the neutral conductor N ( 4 ) and the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3 realized with a module which one to the generator control ( 24 ) connected UPS power generator with sinusoidal output voltage ( 13 ) which, when feeding sinusoidal voltage nonlinear loads, provides harmonic compensation currents which, when modulated, provide information about the network impedance at those frequencies represented in the compensation currents. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the modular system ( 1 ) the function of the instrument type spectrally resolving impedance meter for the network impedance between the neutral conductor N ( 4 ) and the three phase outer conductors L1, L2, L3 is implemented with a module which measures and spectrally analyzes the currents of powerful in the examined network of existing generators or loads that temporarily feed or take streams with a wide frequency bandwidth, and at those frequencies represented in the streams, provides information about the network impedance. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the controller ( 9 ) has one or more powerful computers on which software modules run as parallel threads and / or that the controller ( 9 ) in terms of hardware spatially from the base measurement module ( 6 ) can be discontinued. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that in the basic module for measuring data acquisition ( 2 ) generated data stream device-specific hardware and / or software modules - via a dedicated bus - preferably a bus with point-to-multipoint structure - and / or - via a dedicated protocol - preferably one that allows point-to-multipoint data transfer can be made available. Device system according to one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the controller ( 9 ) and / or the base measurement module ( 6 ) contain information on the identity of the measuring point in a non-volatile memory and provide all device type-specific modules made of software and, if necessary, own hardware as metadata for device type-specific measurements and / or that in the controller ( 9 ) and / or in the base measurement module ( 6 ) and / or at the individual current measuring inputs ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) and / or branch current measuring inputs ( 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 43 ) and / or at the individual voltage measurement inputs ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ) arranged non-volatile memory Contains calibration data and / or parameters for the deconvolution of the transfer functions of the measuring chains for all connected measuring chains and all to the basic module for measuring data acquisition ( 2 ) can provide attached device type specific modules.

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