DE102014223268A1 - Catalyst shaped body for the production of vinyl acetate - Google Patents
Catalyst shaped body for the production of vinyl acetate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102014223268A1 DE102014223268A1 DE102014223268.6A DE102014223268A DE102014223268A1 DE 102014223268 A1 DE102014223268 A1 DE 102014223268A1 DE 102014223268 A DE102014223268 A DE 102014223268A DE 102014223268 A1 DE102014223268 A1 DE 102014223268A1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- metal oxides
- shaped body
- vinyl acetate
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 silicon dioxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003803 Gold(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RPYSFYBAYJBKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloropalladium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2] RPYSFYBAYJBKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-] SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/06—Washing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/04—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C07C67/05—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation
- C07C67/055—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation in the presence of platinum group metals or their compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Katalysator-Formkörper aus Metalloxiden, welche mit Palladium und Gold sowie einer Alkaliverbindung und gegebenenfalls weiteren Dotierstoffen ausgerüstet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Katalysator-Formkörper Ringe sind mit einer Länge von 1 mm bis 2 mm, einem Außendurchmesser von 3 mm bis 5 mm, einem Innendurchmesser von 2 mm bis 3 mm und einer Wandstärke von 0,5 mm bis 1,5 mm. Die Erfindung betrifft darüber hinaus deren Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Vinylacetat mittels Gasphasenoxidation von Essigsäure und Ethylen.The invention relates to shaped catalyst bodies of metal oxides, which are equipped with palladium and gold and an alkali compound and optionally further dopants, characterized in that the shaped catalyst bodies are rings with a length of 1 mm to 2 mm, an outer diameter of 3 mm to 5 mm, an inner diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The invention further relates to its use in the production of vinyl acetate by gas phase oxidation of acetic acid and ethylene.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Katalysator-Formkörper für die Herstellung von Vinylacetat mittels Gasphasenoxidation von Essigsäure und Ethylen.The invention relates to shaped catalyst bodies for the production of vinyl acetate by gas phase oxidation of acetic acid and ethylene.
Es ist bekannt, dass man Ethylen in der Gasphase mit Essigsäure und Sauerstoff an Festbettkatalysatoren zu Vinylacetat umsetzen kann. Geeignete Katalysatoren können als katalytisch aktive Komponenten Palladium und/oder dessen Verbindungen und Alkaliverbindungen, sowie zusätzlich Gold und/oder dessen Verbindungen (System Pd/Alkali/Au) enthalten. Die katalytisch aktiven Komponenten sind auf Formkörpern als Katalysatorträger aufgetragen.It is known that one can implement ethylene in the gas phase with acetic acid and oxygen on fixed bed catalysts to vinyl acetate. Suitable catalysts may contain as catalytically active components palladium and / or its compounds and alkali compounds, as well as additionally gold and / or its compounds (system Pd / alkali / Au). The catalytically active components are applied to shaped bodies as catalyst supports.
Als Trägermaterialien eignen sich Metalloxide wie Siliziumdioxide, insbesondere pyrogen hergestellte Metalloxide wie pyrogene Siliziumdioxide. Die Herstellung der Formkörper aus den metalloxydischen Pulvern erfolgt in der Regel durch Pressen, oder Extrusion, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von Bindern und Gleitmitteln, um stabile Formkörper zu erhalten. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind mehrere Katalysatorformen bekannt, beispielsweise Kugeln, (Hohl)Zylinder oder Ringe.Suitable support materials are metal oxides such as silicon dioxides, in particular pyrogenically prepared metal oxides such as fumed silicas. The production of moldings from the metal oxide powders is usually carried out by pressing, or extrusion, optionally with the use of binders and lubricants, to obtain stable moldings. Several types of catalyst are known in the prior art, for example, balls, (hollow) cylinders or rings.
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Die
Es bestand die Aufgabe, Katalysator-Formkörper für die Herstellung von Vinylacetat zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche sich gegenüber den vorbekannten dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Selektivität der Gasphasenoxidation erhöht wird.The object was to provide catalyst moldings for the production of vinyl acetate, which are distinguished from the previously known in that the selectivity of the gas phase oxidation is increased.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Katalysator-Formkörper aus Metalloxiden, welche mit Palladium und Gold sowie einer Alkaliverbindung und gegebenenfalls weiteren Dotierstoffen ausgerüstet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Katalysator-Formkörper Ringe sind mit einer Länge von 1 mm bis 2 mm, einem Außendurchmesser von 3 mm bis 5 mm, einem Innendurchmesser von 2 mm bis 3 mm und einer Wandstärke von 0,5 mm bis 1,5 mm.The invention relates to shaped catalyst bodies of metal oxides, which are equipped with palladium and gold and an alkali compound and optionally further dopants, characterized in that the shaped catalyst bodies are rings with a length of 1 mm to 2 mm, a Outer diameter of 3 mm to 5 mm, an inner diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
Als Metalloxide geeignet sind Siliziumoxid (SixOy), Aluminiumoxid (AlxOy), Titanoxid (TixOy), Zirkoniumoxid (ZrxOy), Ceroxid (CexOy) oder Mischungen dieser Metalloxide. Bevorzugt wird pyrogen hergestelltes Siliziumoxid verwendet, besonders bevorzugt Siliziumdioxid (SiO2), beispielsweise WACKER HDK® T40 von der Wacker Chemie AG.Suitable metal oxides are silicon oxide (Si x O y ), aluminum oxide (Al x O y ), titanium oxide (Ti x O y ), zirconium oxide (Zr x O y ), cerium oxide (Ce x O y ) or mixtures of these metal oxides. Preference is given to using pyrogenically prepared silicon oxide, particularly preferably silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), for example WACKER HDK® T40 from Wacker Chemie AG.
Zur Herstellung der Katalysator-Formkörper kann das Verfahren aus der
Im nächsten Schritt wird die wässerige Suspension des Metalloxids zur Koagulation gebracht. Im Falle von Siliziumdioxid kann das beispielsweise durch Verschiebung des pH-Wertes der Suspension in einen Bereich von pH = 5 bis 10 erfolgen. Die damit erhaltene Masse wird dann zu Ringen mit den beanspruchten Abmessungen geformt. Die Formgebung erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels Extrusion, wobei die Länge der Ringe dadurch erhalten werden, dass die Extrudate mit einer Schneidvorrichtung entsprechend geschnitten werden.In the next step, the aqueous suspension of the metal oxide is coagulated. In the case of silicon dioxide, this can be done, for example, by shifting the pH of the suspension to a range of pH = 5 to 10. The mass thus obtained is then formed into rings of the dimensions claimed. The molding is preferably carried out by extrusion, wherein the length of the rings are obtained by cutting the extrudates with a cutting device accordingly.
Die damit erhaltenen Formkörper werden anschließend getrocknet, vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur von 25°C bis 100°C. Dem Trocknungsschritt schließt sich die Kalzinierung der Formkörper an. Die Kalzinierung kann in einem Ofen unter Luftatmosphäre, gegebenenfalls unter Schutzgas, erfolgen. Im Allgemeinen wird dazu auf eine Temperatur von 500°C bis 1000°C erhitzt. Die Sinterzeit beträgt im Allgemeinen zwischen 2 und 10 Stunden.The moldings thus obtained are then dried, preferably at a temperature of 25 ° C to 100 ° C. The drying step is followed by the calcination of the moldings. The calcination can be carried out in an oven under an air atmosphere, if appropriate under protective gas. Generally, it is heated to a temperature of 500 ° C to 1000 ° C. The sintering time is generally between 2 and 10 hours.
Mit den genannten Verfahrensschritten werden als Katalysator-Formkörper Ringe mit einer Länge von 1 mm bis 2 mm, einem Außendurchmesser von 3 mm bis 5 mm, einem Innendurchmesser von 2 mm bis 3 mm und einer Wandstärke von 0,5 mm bis 1,5 mm hergestellt.With the mentioned process steps are as catalyst shaped body rings with a length of 1 mm to 2 mm, an outer diameter of 3 mm to 5 mm, an inner diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm produced.
Die Überführung des Katalysator-Formkörpers in einen aktiven Katalysator geschieht durch Aufbringen einer oder mehrerer katalytisch aktiver Verbindungen wie Palladium und Gold oder deren Precursor-Verbindungen, sowie gegebenenfalls weiterer Dotierstoffe, die gegebenenfalls in einem nachfolgenden Schritt in eine aktive Verbindungen überführt werden können. Geeignete Dotierstoffe sind beispielsweise Alkaliverbindungen wie Kaliumverbindungen, beispielsweise Kaliumacetat. Alle weiteren dem Fachmann bekannten Dotierstoffe zur Erhöhung der Katalysatoraktivität oder der Katalysatorselektivität sind ebenfalls möglich.The conversion of the catalyst molding in an active catalyst is done by applying one or more catalytically active compounds such as palladium and gold or their precursor compounds, and optionally further dopants, which may optionally be converted in a subsequent step in an active compounds. Suitable dopants are, for example, alkali compounds such as potassium compounds, for example potassium acetate. All other dopants known to those skilled in the art for increasing the catalyst activity or the catalyst selectivity are likewise possible.
Zur Beladung mit Palladium und Gold können die Katalysator-Formkörper mit einer Palladiumsalz und Goldsalz enthaltenden Lösung imprägniert werden. Gleichzeitig mit der edelmetallhaltigen Lösung können die eingesetzten Trägermaterialien mit einer basischen Lösung imprägniert werden. Letztere dient zur Überführung der Palladiumverbindung und Goldverbindung in ihre Hydroxide. Geeignete Palladiumsalze sind beispielsweise Palladiumchlorid, Natrium- oder Kaliumpalladiumchlorid, Palladiumacetat oder Palladiumnitrat. Als Goldsalze eignen sich Gold(III)-chlorid und Tetrachlorogold(III)-säure. Die Verbindungen in der basischen Lösung sind vorzugsweise Kaliumhydroxid, Natriumhydroxid oder Natriummetasilika.For loading with palladium and gold, the shaped catalyst bodies can be impregnated with a solution containing palladium salt and gold salt. Simultaneously with the noble metal-containing solution, the support materials used can be impregnated with a basic solution. The latter serves to transfer the palladium compound and gold compound into their hydroxides. Suitable palladium salts are, for example, palladium chloride, sodium or potassium palladium chloride, palladium acetate or palladium nitrate. Suitable gold salts are gold (III) chloride and tetrachloroauric (III) acid. The compounds in the basic solution are preferably potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium metasilica.
Die Umsetzung der Edelmetallsalzlösung mit der basischen Lösung zu unlöslichen Edelmetallverbindungen kann langsam erfolgen und ist je nach Präparationsmethode im Allgemeinen erst nach 1 bis 24 Stunden abgeschlossen. Danach werden die wasserunlöslichen Edelmetallverbindungen mit Reduktionsmitteln behandelt. Es kann eine Gasphasenreduktion beispielsweise mit Wasserstoff, Ethen oder Formiergas vorgenommen werden.The reaction of the noble metal salt solution with the basic solution to form insoluble noble metal compounds can be slow and, depending on the preparation method, is generally completed after 1 to 24 hours. Thereafter, the water-insoluble noble metal compounds are treated with reducing agents. It can be made a gas phase reduction, for example with hydrogen, ethene or forming gas.
Vor und/oder nach der Reduktion der Edelmetallverbindungen kann das auf dem Träger gegebenenfalls vorhandene Chlorid durch eine gründliche Waschung mit Wasser entfernt werden. Nach der Waschung enthält der Katalysator bevorzugt weniger als 500 ppm Chlorid.Before and / or after the reduction of the noble metal compounds, the chloride which may be present on the support can be removed by a thorough washing with water. After the wash, the catalyst preferably contains less than 500 ppm of chloride.
Die nach der Reduktion erhaltene Katalysatorvorstufe kann getrocknet und abschließend mit Alkaliacetaten oder Alkaliverbindungen, die sich unter den Reaktionsbedingungen bei der Produktion von Vinylacetatmonomer ganz oder teilweise in Alkaliacetate umwandeln, imprägniert werden. Vorzugsweise kann mit Kaliumacetat imprägniert werden.The catalyst precursor obtained after the reduction can be dried and finally treated with alkali metal acetates or alkali compounds which react under the reaction conditions in the production of Convert vinyl acetate monomer wholly or partly into alkali metal acetate, impregnated. Preferably, it can be impregnated with potassium acetate.
Der fertige Katalysator kann anschließend bis auf eine Restfeuchte von weniger als 5% getrocknet werden. Die Trocknung kann an Luft, gegebenenfalls unter Stickstoff, als Inertgas erfolgen.The finished catalyst can then be dried to a residual moisture of less than 5%. The drying can be carried out in air, optionally under nitrogen, as an inert gas.
Der Palladium-Gehalt der Pd/Alkali/Au-Katalysatoren beträgt 0,2 bis 5,0 Gew.-% bevorzugt 0,3 bis 3,0 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Katalysator-Formkörper. Der Gold-Gehalt der Pd/Alkali/Au-Katalysatoren beträgt 0,2 bis 5,0 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,3 bis 3,0 Gew.-% jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Katalysator-Formkörper. Der Alkali-Gehalt der Pd/Alkali/Au-Katalysatoren beträgt 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-% vorzugsweise 1,0 bis 12 Gew.-% jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Katalysator-Formkörper.The palladium content of the Pd / alkali / Au catalysts is 0.2 to 5.0 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3.0 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body. The gold content of the Pd / alkali / Au catalysts is 0.2 to 5.0 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3.0 wt .-% each based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body. The alkali content of the Pd / alkali / Au catalysts is 0.5 to 15 wt .-%, preferably 1.0 to 12 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Katalysator-Formkörper bei der Herstellung von Vinylacetat mittels Gasphasenoxidation von Essigsäure und Ethylen.Another object of the invention is the use of the catalyst moldings of the invention in the production of vinyl acetate by gas phase oxidation of acetic acid and ethylene.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Katalysator-Formkörper zeigen im Vergleich zu bekannten Hohlzylindern und anderen Trägerformen, niedrige Druckverluste und einen besseren Stoff- und Wärmetransport. Bei deren Einsatz zur Gasphasenoxidation von Esssigsäure und Ethylen zu Vinylacetat wird überraschenderweise, im Vergleich mit Katalysatorformkörper mit einer Geometrie mit längerer Schnittkante, das Produkt mit höherer Selektivität und niedrigerem Druckverlust erhalten.The novel shaped catalyst bodies show, in comparison to known hollow cylinders and other carrier forms, low pressure losses and better material and heat transport. When used for the gas-phase oxidation of acetic acid and ethylene to vinyl acetate, it is surprising that the product with higher selectivity and lower pressure loss is obtained in comparison with shaped catalyst bodies having a longer cutting edge geometry.
In den folgenden Beispielen wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Katalysator-Formkörper (Ring) mit der von herkömmlichen Katalysator-Formkörpern (Hohlzylinder) verglichen.In the following examples, the performance of the inventive shaped catalyst bodies (ring) is compared with that of conventional shaped catalyst bodies (hollow cylinders).
Beispiele:Examples:
Vergleichsbeispiel 1:Comparative Example 1
4 Kilogramm pyrogene Kieselsäure (WACKER HDK® T40) wurden in 35 Kilogramm entionisiertem Wasser eingerührt. Durch Zugabe von Salzsäure wurde ein pH-Wert von 2,8 eingestellt und konstant gehalten. Unter ständigem Rühren wurden weitere 4,5 Kilogramm pyrogener Kieselsäure (WACKER HDK® T40) eingerührt. Nach abgeschlossener Zugabe des Metalloxid-Pulvers wurde für eine Dauer von weiteren 10 Minuten homogenisiert, bevor die Suspension für eine Dauer von 45 Minuten in einer Rührwerkskugelmühle mit Mahlperlen aus Siliciumnitrid (Durchmesser der Mahlperlen 2,0 mm, Füllgrad 70 Vol.-%) unter pH-Konstanz bei einem pH-Wert von 2,8 durch Zugabe weiterer Salzsäure vermahlen wurde. Die Winkelgeschwindigkeit während des Mahlschrittes betrug 11 Meter pro Sekunde. Nach Abschluss der Mahlung wurde der Suspension unter ständigem Rühren eine wässrige Ammoniaklösung zugegeben, bis sich ein pH-Wert von 6,2 ergab und an diesem Punkt eine Vergelung der Masse erfolgte. Die erhaltene Masse wurde in einer Kolbenstrangpresse durch ein geeignetes Werkzeug verstrangt und geschnitten. Die erhaltenen Formkörper – in diesem Fall Hohlzylinder mit einer Länge von 5,5 mm, einem Außendurchmesser von 5,5 mm und einer Bohrung von 2,5 mm – wurden 24 Stunden lang getrocknet bei einer Temperatur von 85°C und einer Luftfeuchtigkeit von 70 und anschließend für eine Dauer von 2 Stunden bei 900°C kalziniert. Die Hohlzylinder wiesen eine Oberfläche (BET-Oberfläche) von 260 m2/g und ein Porenvolumen von 1,1 ml/g auf. Die Schüttdichte betrug 280 Gramm pro Liter. 500 Gramm des Trägermaterials wurden mit 375 Millilitern einer wässrigen Lösung imprägniert, die 27,60 Gramm einer 41,8%igen (Gew.-%) Lösung von Tetrachlorogoldsäure und 42,20 Gramm einer 20,8%igen (Gew.-%) Lösung von Tetrachloropalladiumsäure enthielt. Nach einer Dauer von 2 Stunden wurde in einem nächsten Schritt der Katalysator bei einer Temperatur von 80°C für eine Dauer von 5 Stunden im Vakuum getrocknet. Anschließend wurden 236 Milliliter einer 1 molaren Natriumcarbonatlösung zusammen mit 139 Millilitern destilliertem Wasser aufgebracht. Nach einer Dauer von 2 Stunden wurde der Katalysator bei einer Temperatur von 80°C für eine Dauer von 5 Stunden im Vakuum getrocknet. Anschließend wurde der Katalysator mit einer wässrigen Ammoniaklösung mit einem Anteil von 0,25 Gew.-% Ammoniak für eine Dauer von 45 Stunden gewaschen. Der Katalysator wurde bei einer Temperatur von 200°C für eine Dauer von 5 Stunden mit Formiergas (95% N2/5% H2) reduziert. Anschließend wurde der Katalysator mit einer Essigsäure-haltigen Kaliumacetat-Lösung imprägniert (71,65 Gramm Kaliumacetat in 375 Millilitern Essigsäure) und abschließend bei einer Temperatur von 80°C für eine Dauer von 5 Stunden im Vakuum getrocknet. Der fertige Katalysator hatte eine Konzentration von 2,0 Gew.-% Palladium (7,4 g/l), 2,0 Gew.-% Gold (7,4 g/l) und 6,5 Gew.-% Kalium (24,1 g/l).4 kilograms of fumed silica (WACKER HDK ® T40) were stirred into 35 kilograms of deionized water. By addition of hydrochloric acid, a pH of 2.8 was set and kept constant. With constant stirring, an additional 4.5 kilograms of fumed silica (WACKER HDK® T40) were stirred in. After complete addition of the metal oxide powder was homogenized for a further 10 minutes before the suspension for a period of 45 minutes in a stirred ball mill with grinding beads of silicon nitride (diameter of the grinding beads 2.0 mm, degree of filling 70 vol .-%) under pH consistency was milled at a pH of 2.8 by addition of further hydrochloric acid. The angular velocity during the milling step was 11 meters per second. After completion of the grinding, an aqueous ammonia solution was added to the suspension with constant stirring until a pH of 6.2 was obtained and at this point gelation of the mass took place. The resulting mass was extruded and cut in a ram extruder by a suitable tool. The obtained molded articles - in this case hollow cylinders with a length of 5.5 mm, an outer diameter of 5.5 mm and a bore of 2.5 mm - were dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C and a humidity of 70 and then calcined at 900 ° C for a period of 2 hours. The hollow cylinders had a surface area (BET surface area) of 260 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g. The bulk density was 280 grams per liter. 500 grams of the carrier material was impregnated with 375 milliliters of an aqueous solution containing 27.60 grams of a 41.8% (wt%) solution of tetrachloroauric acid and 42.20 grams of a 20.8% (wt%) solution. Solution of tetrachloropalladic acid. After a period of 2 hours, in a next step, the catalyst was dried in vacuo at a temperature of 80 ° C for a period of 5 hours. Subsequently, 236 milliliters of a 1 molar sodium carbonate solution was applied along with 139 milliliters of distilled water. After a period of 2 hours, the catalyst was dried at a temperature of 80 ° C for a period of 5 hours in vacuo. Subsequently, the catalyst was washed with an aqueous ammonia solution containing 0.25% by weight of ammonia for 45 hours. The catalyst was reduced at a temperature of 200 ° C for 5 hours with forming gas (95% N 2 /5% H 2 ). Subsequently, the catalyst was impregnated with an acetic acid-containing potassium acetate solution (71.65 grams of potassium acetate in 375 milliliters of acetic acid) and finally dried at a temperature of 80 ° C for a period of 5 hours in vacuo. The final catalyst had a concentration of 2.0 wt% palladium (7.4 g / l), 2.0 wt% gold (7.4 g / l) and 6.5 wt% potassium ( 24.1 g / l).
Beispiel 2: Example 2:
Es wurde analog Vergleichsbeispiel 1 vorgegangen mit dem Unterschied, dass die Masse in der Kolbenstrangpresse zu Formkörpern – in diesem Fall Ringe mit einer Länge von 1 mm, einem Außendurchmesser von 4 mm und einer Bohrung von 2,5 mm – ausgeformt wurde. Die Ringe wiesen eine Oberfläche (BET-Oberfläche) von 212 m2/g und ein Porenvolumen von 0,99 ml/g auf. Die Schüttdichte betrug 202 Gramm pro Liter. Die Imprägnierung der Katalysator-Formkörper mit Palladium, Gold und Kalium erfolgte ebenfalls analog zu Vergleichsbeispiel 1. Der fertige Katalysator hatte ebenfalls eine Konzentration von 2,0 Gew.-% Palladium (7,4 g/l), 2,0 Gew.-% Gold (7,4 g/l) und 6,5 Gew.-% Kalium (24,1 g/l). The procedure was analogous to Comparative Example 1, with the difference that the mass in the ram extruder was shaped into shaped bodies, in this case rings having a length of 1 mm, an outer diameter of 4 mm and a bore of 2.5 mm. The rings had a surface area (BET surface area) of 212 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.99 ml / g. Bulk density was 202 grams per liter. The impregnation of the catalyst moldings with palladium, gold and potassium was likewise carried out analogously to Comparative Example 1. The finished catalyst likewise had a concentration of 2.0% by weight of palladium (7.4 g / l), 2.0% by weight. % Gold (7.4 g / l) and 6.5 wt% potassium (24.1 g / l).
Aktivität und Selektivität der Katalysatoren aus dem Vergleichsbeispiel 1 und dem Beispiel 2 wurden über die Dauer von 200 Stunden gemessen. Die Katalysatoren wurden in einem Öl temperierten Strömungsreaktor (Reaktorlänge 1200 mm, Innendurchmesser 19 mm) bei einem absoluten Druck von 9,5 bar und einer Raumgeschwindigkeit (GHSV) von 3500 Nm3/(m3·h) mit folgender Gaszusammensetzung geprüft: 60 Vol.-% Ethen, 19,5 Vol.-% Kohlendioxid, 13 Vol.-% Essigsäure und 7,5 Vol.-% Sauerstoff. Die Katalysatoren wurden im Temperaturbereich von 130°C bis 180°C, gemessen im Katalysatorbett, untersucht.Activity and selectivity of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 were measured over a period of 200 hours. The catalysts were tested in an oil-tempered flow reactor (reactor length 1200 mm, inner diameter 19 mm) at an absolute pressure of 9.5 bar and a space velocity (GHSV) of 3500 Nm 3 / (m 3 · h) with the following gas composition: 60 vol % Ethene, 19.5 vol.% Carbon dioxide, 13 vol.% Acetic acid and 7.5 vol.% Oxygen. The catalysts were investigated in the temperature range from 130 ° C to 180 ° C, measured in the catalyst bed.
Die Reaktionsprodukte wurden im Ausgang des Reaktors mittels online Gaschromatographie analysiert. Als Maß für die Katalysatoraktivität wurde die Raum-Zeit-Ausbeute des Katalysators in Gramm Vinylacetatmonomer pro Stunde und Liter Katalysator (g(VAM)/lKat·h) bestimmt. Kohlendioxid, das insbesondere durch die Verbrennung von Ethen gebildet wird, wurde ebenfalls bestimmt und zur Beurteilung der Katalysatorselektivität herangezogen. Tabelle 1:
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 102006058800 A1 [0004, 0014] DE 102006058800 A1 [0004, 0014]
- EP 0807615 A1 [0005] EP 0807615 A1 [0005]
- DE 19828491 A1 [0006] DE 19828491 A1 [0006]
- EP 1323469 A2 [0007] EP 1323469 A2 [0007]
- WO 2018/071612 A1 [0008] WO 2018/071612 A1 [0008]
- DE 102011081786 A1 [0009] DE 102011081786 A1 [0009]
- WO 2008/071611 A1 [0010] WO 2008/071611 A1 [0010]
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PCT/EP2015/076347 WO2016075201A1 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2015-11-11 | Molded catalyst body for producing vinyl acetate |
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EP0807615A1 (en) | 1996-05-17 | 1997-11-19 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Pressed articles of pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide |
DE19828491A1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 1999-12-30 | Degussa | Silicon dioxide molded article, useful as a catalyst support for the production of vinyl acetate monomer |
EP1323469A2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-02 | Degussa AG | Supported Catalyst |
WO2008071611A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Method for producing stable, high-purity molded bodies from pyrogenic metal oxides without the addition of binders |
DE102006058800A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Process for the preparation of catalysts and their use for the gas-phase oxidation of olefins |
DE102011081786A1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Process for the acetoxylation of olefins in the gas phase |
WO2018071612A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | Magna Seating Inc. | Flexible graphite ribbon heat sink for thermoelectric device |
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JPS56141842A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1981-11-05 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Catalyst formed in novel cylindrical shape |
DE69101032T2 (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1994-08-11 | Kuraray Co | Catalyst and process for the production of unsaturated esters. |
DE102006058799A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Process for the preparation of stable binder-free high purity moldings from metal oxides and their application |
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EP0807615A1 (en) | 1996-05-17 | 1997-11-19 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Pressed articles of pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide |
DE19828491A1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 1999-12-30 | Degussa | Silicon dioxide molded article, useful as a catalyst support for the production of vinyl acetate monomer |
EP1323469A2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-02 | Degussa AG | Supported Catalyst |
WO2008071611A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Method for producing stable, high-purity molded bodies from pyrogenic metal oxides without the addition of binders |
DE102006058800A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Process for the preparation of catalysts and their use for the gas-phase oxidation of olefins |
DE102011081786A1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Process for the acetoxylation of olefins in the gas phase |
WO2018071612A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | Magna Seating Inc. | Flexible graphite ribbon heat sink for thermoelectric device |
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