DE102014200794A1 - Header, heat exchanger and method of making a header - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a collecting pipe (2) for a heat exchanger, comprising at least one pipe shell (10) and a tube bottom (11), which together form a conduit chamber (3) for guiding a flow of a coolant. According to the invention, supports (7) for the heat exchanger are formed on the pipe shell (10) and / or the cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber (3) has a rounded, convex shape with a long main transverse axis (12) and a short minor transverse axis (13) ,

Description

The invention relates to a collecting pipe for a heat exchanger, comprising at least one pipe shell and a tube plate, which, connected to one another, in particular form a single line chamber for guiding a flow of a coolant along the longitudinal extent of the line chamber.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular gas cooler for carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, comprising two manifolds, each with a conduit chamber, wherein the manifolds have a predetermined distance from each other and are oriented parallel to each other, further comprising a plurality of tubes for connecting the conduit chambers of the two manifolds, wherein the headers have on mutually facing sides passage openings, to which in turn the tubes are connected.

Finally, the invention also relates to a method for producing a composite of a pipe shell and a tube plate manifold.

A method and a device of the type mentioned are from the document DE 103 15 371 A1 known. This shows a heat exchanger, in particular gas cooler for carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, with at least a two-part, consisting of a bottom and a lid, at least two longitudinal channels having substantially circular cross-section collecting tank and flat tubes, the flat tubes tube ends and the bottom openings for receiving the Have tube ends and wherein the bottom, lid and flat tubes are soldered together.

It is still through the document DE 10 2008 035 358 A1 a heat exchanger, in particular condenser or gas cooler, known. This consists of a manifold, which has at least one row of openings in its bottom, in which two narrow and two broad sides having heat exchanger tubes are attached with their ends. The collecting tube can be produced by forming a single metal strip. Furthermore, the collecting tube has a wall, through which at least two chambers which are adjacent to one another approximately on the central longitudinal axis are formed separately from one another. The one-piece manifold is made by rolling in a longitudinal strip.

Another heat exchanger with a composite of two parts collection tube shows the document EP 1 298 401 A2 , This heat exchanger is intended for a high pressure refrigerant such as carbon dioxide. The heat exchanger comprises a first and a second manifold, which are arranged at a predetermined distance and parallel to each other. Each manifold has two chambers, which are separated independently of each other and by a partition wall. The heat exchanger further includes a plurality of tubes for separately connecting the chambers of the first and second manifolds.

The use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in air conditioning systems, in particular in vehicles, is also used by environmental influence. Carbon dioxide, also referred to as R-744, is used at about 120 bar, but at a much higher operating pressure than conventional refrigerants, such as R-134a or R-1234yf, which often operate at 30 bar. This higher operating pressure also requires a correspondingly increased technical demands on the components of the air conditioning circuit.

Moreover, for the use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in an air conditioning system of a vehicle, it is necessary to design the components of the air conditioning circuit so that they can be manufactured in large numbers and in a simple manner, preferably with a high degree of automation.

Against this background, the invention has the object, a device and a method of the type mentioned in such a way that the components of the air conditioning circuit for the use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant as simple as possible, with low complexity and with the expenditure of low fixed and variable costs can be produced ,

This object is achieved with a device according to the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to particularly expedient developments of the invention.

According to the invention, therefore, a collecting pipe is provided for a heat exchanger, in which holders for the heat exchanger are formed on the pipe shell and / or the cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber has a rounded, convex shape with a long main transverse axis and a short secondary transverse axis. Due to the special shape of the cross-sectional area, it is possible, on the one hand, to achieve a high compressive strength and, on the other hand, to positively influence the efficiency of the heat exchanger. The oval shape, which is an ellipse in a preferred embodiment, allows to accommodate the high internal pressure and to keep stresses in the component low.

It is favorable that the ratio of long main transverse axis to short secondary transverse axis of Cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber is in a range of 2 to 4, and preferably is 3. This ratio has proved to be a particularly suitable compromise between a circular which is favorable for a high internal pressure and a polygonal shape of the cross-sectional area which is advantageous for the production. The main transverse axis preferably measures 15 millimeters and the minor transverse axis preferably measures 5 millimeters.

It is particularly advantageous that the wall thickness of the pipe shell and tube sheet is identical or deviates from each other by a maximum of 30 percent. In one embodiment, the wall thickness at most portions of the circumference is 3 millimeters. This results in a preferred embodiment, the largest external dimension is parallel to the main transverse axis 22 millimeters and the largest external dimension parallel to the minor transverse axis 11 millimeters. The ratio of outer geometry to inner geometry is at the greatest extent parallel to the main transverse axis in a range of 1.2 to 1.6, preferably 1.46. The ratio of outer geometry to inner geometry is at the greatest extent parallel to the minor transverse axis in a range of 2 to 2.4, preferably 2.2.

According to the invention, the parting plane is oriented transversely to the short secondary transverse axis. As a result, a large space depth and correspondingly a long connecting line is available for connecting the pipes to the collecting pipe, which improves the strength of the connection. At the same time, the flow cross-section of the heat exchanger undergoes little restriction due to the orientation of the main transverse axis and the secondary transverse axis. This improves the efficiency and performance of the heat exchanger. The parting plane is defined parallel to a plane spanned by the edges of the pipe shell or tube sheet, in which case the edges facing one another and the interior of the collecting pipe are decisive. Preferably, the parting plane is oriented parallel to the long main axis.

The formation of brackets on the pipe shell not only reduces the number of items for a manifold or a heat exchanger and thus simplifies the production. The one-piece design of brackets and pipe shell also contributes to the strength of the overall system. It makes sense that the tube plate with the brackets by Urformen, especially extruding, is made.

According to a preferred embodiment, the brackets are oriented transversely to the long main transverse axis.

The inventive integration of the brackets in the manifold or monolithic in the pipe shell, an additional holder to be mounted obsolete.

The manifold has an interior, also called a conduit chamber, which is bounded by the tube sheet, the pipe shell and beyond at the ends of the longitudinal extent of the manifold by sealing caps.

In the tubesheet holes are provided for connecting tubes designed as flat tubes, which are connected to the transmission of heat energy with fins and / or ribs. In the pipe shell, an opening can be introduced for a connection line.

Has proved to be particularly favorable, that the pipe shell and the tube sheet made of a metal, preferably made of aluminum, wherein the pipe shell consists of a primary, preferably extrusion or extrusion, produced profile and / or the tube sheet of one, preferably with Lot platiniertem, sheet metal is manufactured. This makes it possible that the tube sheet is brought into a geometrically simple shape and for the pipe shell has a complex for the connection of tube sheet and pipe shell geometric shape, which is easier to implement in a primary molding process. In addition, the virtually endless manufactured profile of the pipe shell can be easily adapted to different types. Thus, the passage openings, for example by drilling or milling, depending on the type-related number and positioning in the pipe shell can be introduced. Also, the brackets can be formed by partial removal of sections of the profile web type-specific.

It has proved to be practical that the tube shell and the tube plate are oriented transversely to the short secondary transverse axis of the cross-sectional area of the line chamber. Thus, the connection region is arranged on the narrow side of the manifold, where there is sufficient space for this. On the long side of the manifold now find the openings for the pipes or brackets enough space.

The connecting portion is designed at both connecting edges of the pipe shell as an L-shaped shoulder with a distal flange. The connecting edges of the tubesheet are positioned on the tubesheet, adjacent to the flanges, and joined together by reflowing and soldering.

The object is further achieved with a device according to the features of Claim 6. The dependent claim relates to a particularly advantageous development of the invention.

According to the invention, therefore, a heat exchanger is provided in which the cross-sectional area of at least one of the two conduit chambers has a round, convex shape with a long main transverse axis and a short minor transverse axis and / or at least one of the two manifolds is composed in two parts of a tube shell and a tubesheet. The dividing plane of the collecting tube is preferably oriented transversely to the short secondary transverse axis. This configuration makes it possible to provide an efficient gas cooler at low cost.

An advantageous development is that the tubes are oriented transversely to the long main transverse axis of the cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber of at least one of the two manifolds, preferably both manifolds. As a result, a large flow cross-section is available with identical component width of the heat exchanger. This is only slightly restricted by the headers.

The object is also achieved by a method according to the features of claim 8. The subclaims relate to particularly expedient developments of the invention.

According to the invention, therefore, a method is provided for producing a two-part, composite collecting tube in which a profile, in particular with a shell and a web, is produced for producing the tube shell in a primary shaping process, in particular extrusion, and for producing the tube bottom in a forming process a platinum-plated with sheet metal passage openings are introduced and the sheet is spatially formed, wherein after the production of pipe shell and tube sheet, these are assembled and then fixed by heating the solder to each other. As a result, the individual parts have a lower complexity and also the number of required components is lower compared to the prior art.

In the profile, an opening for a connecting line can be introduced before assembly.

It is also possible to provide a web on the outside of the shell. The profile with web is then reworked, wherein the contour of at least one holder is released by removing individual portions of the web. For this generation of the holder, the portion to be removed from the profile by a separation method, such as cutting, punching and / or milling removed.

Closure caps, which close the conduit chamber in the longitudinal direction of the collecting tube, are preferably arranged after the processing of the tube shell or tube bottom, but before or during the assembly of the tube shell and tubesheet in the tube shell and / or in the tubesheet. The closure caps are preferably produced like the tubesheet in a stamping and bending process. They consist primarily of an aluminum sheet and are platinum plated with solder.

The invention allows numerous embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and will be described below. This shows in

1 a schematic representation of a view of a heat exchanger;

2 a schematic representation of a view of a manifold;

3 a schematic representation of a cross section of a manifold;

4 a section of the in 3 shown collecting tube in an enlarged view.

1 shows a heat exchanger 1 which is used as a gas cooler for carbon dioxide in a passenger vehicle, not shown. The heat exchanger 1 includes two manifolds 2 with one in the 3 and 4 illustrated line chamber 3 , The headers 2 have a predetermined distance from each other and are oriented parallel to each other. The heat exchanger 1 further includes a variety of tubes 4 which together with the lamellae or ribs form a net 5 form. The pipes 4 are for connecting the piping chambers 3 the two headers 2 provided, wherein the headers 2 on mutually facing sides through openings 6 have, where the pipes 4 are connected. The passage openings 6 are in 2 shown. At each of the two headers 2 are each two brackets 7 intended. These are used to attach the heat exchanger 1 on the vehicle. Furthermore, one of the two manifolds 2 with two connecting cables 8th for the flow and return of the through the heat exchanger 1 equipped with flowing coolant.

The 2 to 4 show a manifold 2 of in 1 shown heat exchanger 1 , The manifold 2 has a line chamber extending along its longitudinal extent 3 , To limit the conduction chamber 3 includes the manifold 2 at the ends of the longitudinal extension caps 9 , Furthermore, the manifold includes 2 a pipe shell 10 and a tube sheet 11 , Linked together, these form a single conduit chamber 3 for guiding a flow of a coolant along the longitudinal extent of the collecting tube 2 out. The brackets 7 are with the pipe shell 10 integrally formed. The cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber 3 has a rounded, convex shape with a long main transverse axis 12 and a short minor transverse axis 13 , The division level 14 of the manifold 2 is transverse to the short minor transverse axis 13 and parallel to the main transverse axis 12 oriented.

For the production of the pipe shell 10 is in a primary molding process, in particular extrusion or extrusion, initially a profile with a shell 15 and a jetty 16 been generated. Subsequently, the virtually endless profile produced has been shortened to the desired length and it was in a separation process, in particular punching or milling, from the web 16 Removed sections, with the remaining, released sections of the brackets 7 form. By drilling or milling can also perforations for connecting cables 8th in the profile, especially in the shell 15 be introduced.

For the production of the tube bottom 11 is a sheet of platinum plated with solder 17 have been deformed in a forming process and there are passage openings 6 been introduced. Both of these can occur simultaneously or successively, wherein preferably first the passage openings 6 , For example, by punching, are introduced and then the sheet 17 is spatially shaped.

After creating pipe shell 10 and tube sheet 11 these are put together. Before assembly or during assembly, be on the pipe shell 10 and / or on the tubesheet 11 the caps 9 positioned. The caps 9 exist like the tubesheet 11 from a platinum-plated aluminum sheet, which has received its final shape and geometry in a stamping-bending process. At the connection edges of the pipe shell 10 is an L-shaped shoulder with a distal flange 18 intended. The connecting edges of the tube sheet 11 become internally adjacent to the flanges during assembly 18 on the tubesheet 10 positioned. Finally, the cap 9 , the pipe shell 10 and the tubesheet 11 fixed by heating the solder together.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 Heat exchanger

2

 manifold

3

 line chamber

4

 pipe

5

 network

6

 Port

7

 bracket

8th

 connecting cable

9

 cap

10

 pipes shell

11

 tube sheet

12

 Main transverse axis

13

 In addition to the transverse axis

14

 parting plane

15

 Bowl

16

 web

17

 sheet

18

 flange

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10315371 A1 [0004]
• DE 102008035358 A1 [0005]
• EP 1298401 A2 [0006]

Claims (10)

Manifold ( 2 ) for a heat exchanger ( 1 ), comprising at least one pipe shell ( 10 ) and a tubesheet ( 11 ), which interconnected a conduit chamber ( 3 ) for guiding a flow of a coolant, characterized in that on the pipe shell ( 10 ) Brackets ( 7 ) for the heat exchanger ( 1 ) are formed and / or the cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber ( 3 ) a round, convex shape with a long main transverse axis ( 12 ) and a short secondary transverse axis ( 13 ) having. Manifold ( 2 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the holders ( 7 ) in one piece with the pipe shell ( 10 ) have been formed. Manifold ( 2 ) according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio of long main transverse axis ( 12 ) too short secondary transverse axis ( 13 ) of the cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber ( 3 ) is in a range of 2 to 4 and is preferably 3. Manifold ( 2 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe shell ( 10 ) and the tubesheet ( 11 ) consist of a metal, preferably of aluminum, wherein the pipe shell ( 10 ) consists of a profile produced by prototyping and the tubesheet ( 11 ) is made of a metal sheet. Manifold ( 2 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe shell ( 10 ) and the tubesheet ( 11 ) transverse to the short secondary transverse axis ( 13 ) of the cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber ( 3 ) are oriented. Heat exchanger ( 1 ) comprising two header pipes ( 2 ) each with a line chamber ( 3 ), whereby the headers ( 2 ) are at a predetermined distance from each other and oriented parallel to each other, further comprising a plurality of tubes ( 4 ) for connecting the line chambers ( 3 ) of the two headers ( 2 ), whereby the headers ( 2 ) on mutually facing sides through openings ( 6 ), where the tubes ( 4 ), characterized in that the cross-sectional area of at least one of the two conduit chambers ( 3 ) a round, convex shape with a long main transverse axis ( 12 ) and a short secondary transverse axis ( 13 ) and / or at least one of the two headers ( 2 ) in two parts from a pipe shell ( 10 ) and a tubesheet ( 11 ), the division level ( 14 ) transverse to the short secondary transverse axis ( 13 ) is oriented. Heat exchanger ( 1 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the tubes ( 4 ) transverse to the long main transverse axis ( 12 ) of the cross-sectional area of the conduit chamber ( 3 ) at least one of the two headers ( 2 ) are oriented. Method for producing a pipe shell ( 10 ) and a tubesheet ( 11 ) composite manifold ( 2 ), characterized in that for the production of the pipe shell ( 10 ) is created in a primary molding process a profile, and for the production of the tube sheet ( 11 ) in a forming process in a solder-plated sheet ( 17 ) Passage openings ( 6 ) and the sheet ( 17 ) is formed spatially, wherein after the production of pipe shell ( 10 ) and tubesheet ( 11 ) These are then assembled and then fixed by heating the solder together. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that for the formation of brackets ( 7 ) by a separation process from a web ( 16 ) of the profile material is removed. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before or during the assembly of pipe shell ( 10 ) and tubesheet ( 11 ) Caps ( 9 ) in the pipe shell ( 10 ) and / or the tubesheet ( 11 ) to be ordered.

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