DE102014200464A1 - Device and method for the combined operation of an electrical load with mains power and / or electrical energy from an independent energy source - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100) for the combined operation of at least one electrical load (102) with mains current (104) from a power grid (106) and / or electrical energy (108) from an energy source (110) independent of the power grid (106). , in particular a regenerative energy source (110). The apparatus (100) comprises a PV input interface (112) for feeding the electrical energy (108) from the power source (110) independent of the power grid (106), a grid connection interface (114) for feeding the grid current (104 A consumer output device (116) for connecting the at least one electrical load (102), wherein in a crosspoint (118) the PV input interface (112), the grid connection interface (114) and the consumer output device ( 116) and / or are electrically coupled and / or electrically coupled and a line protection device (120) which is part of the consumer output device (116), wherein the line protection device (120) is formed, when exceeding a threshold value for electrical power in the consumer output device (116) to disconnect the electrical connection.

Description

State of the art

The present invention relates to a device for the combined operation of at least one electrical load with mains power from a power grid and / or electrical energy from a power source independent energy source, in particular a regenerative energy source, to a corresponding method for protecting a supply line to an electrical load which can be supplied with electrical energy from mains electricity from a power grid and / or electrical energy from an energy source independent of the power grid, in particular a regenerative energy source, and to a corresponding computer program product.

There are already small self-assembly photovoltaic systems available. These systems can be ordered online and a lay installation is suggested. Such a system usually has a standard Schuko plug that can be plugged into the household power outlet. This type of installation does not take into account that the system of domestic wiring was originally intended for one power direction only. If additional generators such as photovoltaic modules are connected to the lines, a line overload may occur which the power protection can not detect. A permanent line overload can lead to a house fire. Therefore, today's systems are unsatisfactory in their safety.

The publication EP 1 965 483 A1 describes a circuit for connecting a power generation plant to the power grid.

Disclosure of the invention

Against this background, with the approach presented here, a device for the combined operation of at least one electrical load with mains power from a power grid and / or electrical energy from a power source independent of the power grid, in particular a regenerative power source, further a method for protecting a supply line to a electrical consumer, which is supplied with electrical energy from mains electricity from a power grid and / or electrical energy from a power source independent energy source, in particular a regenerative energy source, and finally presented a corresponding computer program product according to the main claims. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the respective subclaims and the following description.

Photovoltaic small systems can be easily installed by end users, a feed into the public grid is, albeit financially interesting in part, associated with greater effort. At the same time, such systems, like other self-sufficient generators, do not always provide enough power or electrical energy to supply a consumer continuously. Thus, a combined supply via a mains connection and a small photovoltaic system or other power source independent of the power source makes sense, the line between the point of interconnection and the electrical load must not be overloaded. Here a corresponding line protection can protect the user.

A device is presented for the combined operation of at least one electrical load with mains power from a power grid and, additionally or alternatively, electrical energy from a power source independent of the power source, in particular a regenerative power source, the device having the following features:
a PV input interface for supplying electrical energy from the power source independent of the power supply;
a network interface for feeding the network power;
a consumer output device for connecting the at least one electrical load, wherein in a crosspoint, the PV input interface, the power supply interface and the consumer output device are connected and additionally or alternatively electrically coupled and additionally or alternatively electrically coupled; and
a line protection device that is part of the consumer output device, wherein the line protection device is designed to disconnect the electrical connection when exceeding a threshold value for an electrical power in the consumer output device.

Power can be understood to mean power from a home network or a public power grid. The power can be supplied to the device via the mains connection interface or current can be fed from the device into the household network or public power grid. In this case, the power connection interface may have a Schuko plug, or have other conventional plug to be plugged into a normal, available in the household or home network, power outlet and thus to provide the connection to the home network and / or the public power grid. Under a PV input interface, a PV interface or an interface for connecting a power source independent of the power source, in particular a regenerative Energy source, to be understood. In this case, the regenerative energy source may be, for example, a photovoltaic module or a photovoltaic system. The line protection device may be arranged as part of the consumer output device or between the crosspoint and the consumer output device. Under a line protection device can be a circuit breaker, short LS switch, colloquially also automatic circuit breaker or short automatic, or fuse understood. The line protection device can realize an overcurrent protection device. The line protection device can protect lines from damage due to heating due to excessive current. In this case, the consumer output device may have a Schuko socket, which can be easily connected as a standardized outlet, an electrical consumer. Thus, advantageously, the described device can be switched between a socket in a home network and an electrical load and thereby creates a feed of a current from a power source independent of the power supply.

Furthermore, the network connection interface can have an activation point. The activation point can be configured to electrically disconnect the power supply network that can be connected to the network connection interface from the device. In particular, the network connection interface can have a switch as an activation point. It is advantageous that the device can be isolated potential-free from the network, in particular the power supply via the activation point.

The device may comprise an electrical memory which is connected to the PV input interface and is additionally or alternatively connectable. The electrical storage may be an accumulator. The electrical storage can store excess electrical energy when more is being produced than is consumed and can re-supply it when needed. As a result, demand peaks and times of low production of the power source independent energy source, in particular a regenerative energy source can be compensated.

The device may have a switchable generator which is connected to the PV input interface and is additionally or alternatively connectable. Thus, a switchable generator can be switched to the PV input interface. Alternatively, a switchable generator may be connected to or connectable to the device via a generator interface, wherein the generator interface may be connected to the crosspoint to supply electrical energy to the generator.

A controller may be configured to control an energy flow and, additionally or alternatively, power between the PV input interface, the power supply interface and the consumer output device. In a variant, the control device can also control a switchable generator and additionally or alternatively an electrical memory. As a result, the energy flows in the device can be optimized. In one embodiment, the controller may control an inverter of a photovoltaic module so that it does not operate at the optimum operating point and thus provides less electrical energy to protect the device and / or the electrical load. The control device can be integrated in the device.

It is also advantageous if the device has at least one second consumer output device for connecting an electrical consumer. In this case, the control device may be configured to control an energy flow to the at least one second consumer output device such that it is supplied with electrical energy only if more electrical energy is fed in at the PV input interface than at the consumer output device is consumed. Thus, a priority of the supply of the consumer output device and the at least one second consumer output device can be determined. In one variant, such a priority may be assigned by a user to a plurality of consumer output devices, for example via a switch.

The grid connection interface may comprise a network monitoring device. The mains connection interface can in particular have a current sensor. Thus, a network monitoring device can be understood as a current sensor. In this case, the network monitoring device can provide a network monitoring signal. The network monitoring signal may represent information about a current intensity and additionally or alternatively a voltage and additionally or alternatively a current direction. The network monitoring signal may be provided to the controller. Thus, the energy flow in the device can be determined by the control device using the network monitoring signal and additionally or alternatively controlled.

It is advantageous if the PV input interface has two inductively coupled and additionally or alternatively coupled coils, which are formed, the electrical energy at least partially wirelessly from the power grid independent energy source, in particular regenerative energy source, to the PV input interface to transmit. For example, a solar module can be installed on the balcony and the energy generated here can be transmitted through a closed window to the PV input interface. In this case, a current and / or voltage conversion can take place.

A method is presented for protecting a supply line to an electrical load, which is supplied with electrical energy from mains power from a power grid and supplementarily or alternatively electrical energy from a source independent of the power grid, in particular a regenerative power source, the method being the following Steps:
Reading information about electrical power in a consumer output device for connecting the at least one electrical load, the consumer output device, a PV input interface and a grid connection interface at a crosspoint being connected to the PV input interface to electrically couple the mains connection interface and the consumer output device;
Disconnecting an electrical connection of the consumer output device when the information about the electrical power exceeds a threshold value for the electrical power in the consumer output device.

Further, the method may include a step of providing a control signal for the regenerative energy source. In this case, in the step of reading a network monitoring signal and a PV monitoring signal can be read. The network monitoring signal can represent information about a current intensity and additionally or alternatively a voltage and additionally or alternatively a current direction at the network connection. The PV monitoring signal may represent information about electrical power at the PV input. In this case, the control signal can be determined by using the network monitoring signal, the PV monitoring signal and additionally or alternatively the information about the electrical power on the supply line to the electric power on the supply line to a value below the threshold value for the electric power on the supply line regulate.

The approach presented here also creates a control unit which is designed to carry out or implement the steps of a variant of a method presented here in corresponding devices. Also by this embodiment of the invention in the form of a control device, the object underlying the invention can be achieved quickly and efficiently.

In the present case, a control device can be understood as meaning an electrical device which processes sensor signals and outputs control and / or data signals in dependence thereon. The control unit may have an interface, which may be formed in hardware and / or software. In the case of a hardware-based design, the interfaces can be part of a so-called system ASIC, for example, which contains various functions of the control unit. However, it is also possible that the interfaces are their own integrated circuits or at least partially consist of discrete components. In a software training, the interfaces may be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller in addition to other software modules.

A computer program product with program code which can be stored on a machine-readable carrier such as a semiconductor memory, a hard disk memory or an optical memory and is used to carry out the method according to one of the embodiments described above if the program product is installed on a computer or a device is also of advantage is performed.

The approach presented here will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 a block diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 a schematic representation of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 a schematic representation of the partial wireless energy transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 a schematic representation of the partial wireless power transmission of AC mains voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 a schematic representation of the sections wireless energy transfer of a solar panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 a schematic representation of an inductive energy transmission through a window pane according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 a schematic representation of two inductively coupled coils according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

8th a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the following description of favorable embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the elements shown in the various figures and similar acting, with a repeated description of these elements is omitted.

1 shows a block diagram of a device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device 100 is provided or designed for the combined operation of at least one electrical load 102 with mains power 104 from a power grid 106 and additionally or alternatively with electrical energy 108 from one of the power grid 106 independent energy source 110 , In a preferred embodiment, the independent energy source is 110 a regenerative energy source. The device has a PV input interface 112 , a power connection interface 114 and a consumer output device 116 on. The PV input interface 112 is designed to feed the electrical energy 108 from the from the mains 106 independent energy source 110 , The power connection interface 114 is trained to work with the power grid 106 to be connected and to feed the mains power 104 , The consumer outlet facility 116 is designed to connect the at least one electrical load 102 , The device 100 has a crosspoint 118 on, in which the PV input interface 112 , the power connector interface 114 and the consumer outlet facility 116 are connected. So are the PV input interface 112 , the power connector interface 114 and the consumer outlet facility 116 in the crosspoint 118 electrically coupled. The consumer outlet facility 116 has a line protection device 120 on when exceeding a threshold for electrical power 122 or electrical energy 122 in the consumer outlet facility 120 an electrical connection in the consumer output device 116 separates so that the electrical consumer 102 not continue with electrical energy 122 is supplied and a physical connection between power grid 106 and simultaneously or alternatively the independent energy source 110 is interrupted.

2 shows a schematic representation of a device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the device 100 it can be a variant of in 1 shown and described device 100 for the combined operation of at least one electrical consumer 102 with mains power 104 from a power grid 106 and additionally or alternatively with electrical energy 108 from one of the power grid 106 independent energy source 110 act. The device comprises a PV input interface 112 , a power connection interface 114 and a consumer output device 116 , The interfaces 112 . 114 are over a crosspoint 118 with the consumer output facility 116 connected.

The power connection interface 114 has an activation point 230 on. In the embodiment shown, the unlocking point 230 as a switch 230 executed. Alternative variants can represent, for example, buttons, switches or fuses. The release point 230 is trained, that at the mains connection interface 114 connectable power grid 106 from the device 100 to disconnect electrically.

The device 100 is with an electrical storage 232 connected. The electric storage 232 is over a switch 234 with the PV input interface 112 connected. The device 100 is with a switchable generator 236 connected to the PV input interface 112 via a switch 234 connected is.

The device 100 comprises in the embodiment shown a control device 238 that is designed to provide a power flow and, in addition or alternatively, power between the PV input interface 112 , the power connection interface 114 and the consumer outlet facility 116 to control. So can the share of the mains current 104 from a power grid 106 and the proportion of electrical energy 108 from one of the power grid 106 independent energy source 110 Together they are the one electrical consumer 102 provided electrical energy 122 be varied. It can be between 100% power 104 and 100% electrical energy 108 from the independent energy source 110 can be varied as desired.

The device 100 has a second consumer output device 240 for connecting an electrical consumer 102 on. Here are the second consumer output device 240 and the second consumer output device 240 arranged in parallel. There is a connection to the crosspoint 118 over the line protection device 120 , The second consumer output device 240 has a switch 242 on the is formed responsive to one of the controller 238 output switching signal, the electrical connection to the second consumer output device 240 to interrupt. Thus, the controller is 238 formed, a flow of energy to the at least one second consumer output device 240 such that it is only supplied with electrical energy when connected to the PV input interface 112 more electrical energy is fed in than at the consumer output device 116 is consumed. In one variant, the control device 238 designed, the switching signal for driving the switch 242 using information about a state of the memory 232 and additionally or alternatively the electric generator 236 to control.

In the in 2 illustrated embodiment, the power supply interface 114 a network monitoring device 244 on. At the network monitoring device 244 it is in particular a current sensor 244 , The network monitoring device 244 provides a network monitoring signal 246 ready, with the network monitoring signal 246 an information about a current and additionally or alternatively a voltage and additionally or alternatively represents a current direction.

The from the mains 106 independent energy source 110 includes a variable modulus-integrated inverter 248 as well as a solar module 250 ,

The control device 238 is via a control line with the switchable generator 236 via another control line with the memory 232 via an additional control line with the independent energy source 110 and continue via a control line with the switch 242 connected. The desk 230 is as well as the network monitoring device 244 with the control device 238 connected.

With the second consumer output device 240 are electrical consumers 252 connected or connectable, which are characterized as unnecessary electrical consumers. So it may be at the second consumer output device 240 connected electrical consumers 252 For example, to act chargers that are only operated or are only supplied with electrical energy or electricity, if the independent energy source 110 or the memory connected in parallel with this 232 and additionally or alternatively the switchable generator 236 sufficient electrical energy to supply to the consumer output device 116 and additionally at the second consumer output device 240 connected electrical consumers 252 provide.

In a variant of the presented device consumer output devices 116 . 240 electronically and additionally or alternatively mechanically, such as with a slide switch, to be switched from one of a consumer output device 116 associated behavior to a second consumer output device 240 switch associated behavior and vice versa.

Furthermore, in the variant shown, the PV input interface 112 two inductively coupled coils 254 on, which are formed, the electrical energy in sections wirelessly from the power grid 106 independent energy source 110 to the PV input interface 112 transferred to

In other words, in 2 a novel function box 100 for safe combined operation of consumers 102 . 252 with electricity 108 from small PV systems 110 and mains power 104 shown.

One aspect of the present invention describes a concept for the electrically secured installation of a small photovoltaic system 110 by a home improvement or layman. Every layman can use this system 100 at home, and the line protection or power protection remains in place.

Advantageously, the device offers 100 a setup without an electrician and easy handling. In this case, no line overload is possible due to an internal fuse after the connection of mains power 104 and PV power 108 , So is a consumer operation via solar module (s) 250 and / or network 106 possible, depending on the currently available solar power. A prioritization of the box 100 Connected consumers is possible. Either only solar power 108 used, or alternatively solar power 108 and mains power 104 , Alternatively, only mains power 104 used. A controller 236 is educated under the requirement that consumers 102 always have to be supplied. Optional is a connection from a generator 236 and a memory 232 possible. Optionally, a non-contact power transmission through windows by means of two inductively coupled coils 254 integrated or combined.

The following is the source of electrical energy 110 provided electrical energy 108 also according to a variant of the embodiment shown as a PV power 108 designated. Furthermore, for the device 100 also the terms function box 100 or system 100 used.

The in the 2 illustrated function box 100 has two to three entrances 112 . 114 and one to two outputs 116 . 240 as well as via a connected memory 232 : The one entrance 112 consists of the wire that controls the flow of electricity 108 from the photovoltaic module 250 transfers. This transmission can be realized for example by an inductive transmission through the window pane. This is an optional premium solution. Instead, the connection can also be achieved conservatively via a standard, continuous cable.

The second entrance 114 the function box 100 is a cable that can be connected to any outlet in a household. The function box 100 itself intelligently controls the mix between PV power 108 and mains power 104 , This function takes over the built-in control 238 , An essential principle is that PV power 108 always take precedence over mains power 104 Has. This makes sense, since the electricity generation costs of PV electricity 108 in households under the electricity procurement costs for utility power 104 lie. Technically, this principle is realized by a current sensor 244 in the line to the power grid 106 and through the built-in scheme 238 , which regulates the flow of current in the desired direction. In the function box 100 is an additional line protection 120 built-in because of the extra PV power 108 Otherwise, the subsequent line would probably overload. The connected consumers 102 . 240 with priority 1 or priority 2 are therefore more than two power protection machines 120 or automatic circuit breakers 120 protected: the power protection in the fuse box and the power protection or line protection 120 in the function box 100 , The first line protection secures the line from fuse to function box 100 , the second line protection 120 the management of function box 100 to consumers 102 . 252 ,

At the outlet for the consumer 102 Priority 1 ensures that consumers 102 always be able to draw sufficient electricity. Reaches the PV power 108 temporarily for the connected consumers 102 not out, so will additional mains power 104 used. This makes sense for important consumers 102 such as a refrigerator. Besides, consumers can 252 to be connected with Priority 2: This port 240 is for so-called comfort consumers 252 thought that can run, but do not have to run. An example of this are battery chargers, in which the charging of their batteries is not time-critical. Consumers with Priority 2 only get power 122 supplied when all consumers 102 have already received sufficient electricity with priority 1. At high cost pressure for the production of such a function box 100 can the consumer connections 240 with the priority 2 optionally omitted. The regulation 238 in the function box 100 is for the feed-in management in the public power grid 106 responsible. Depending on the contract with the utility, the scheme may 238 remunerated temporarily superfluous electricity or not discharged into the public grid 106 feed in or alternatively the inverter 248 abregeln. During the shutdown, the inverter is 248 moved to another than the optimal operating point, so that only generates as much power as is consumed. In this case, no feed takes place at any time.

In 2 is a switch 230 recognizable on the power line. This switch 230 can be opened on demand to an island operation of the system 100 to enable. Without this switch 230 For example, the absence of current in the line would be necessary for work on the line or on the power grid 106 not guaranteed in the street. With the built-in switch 230 offers the function box 100 the added benefit of having the function box 100 a power supply in case of power failure (of the mains 106 ) in island operation.

In addition to consumers 252 with priority 2, there are further options for extending the function box 100 , It may be another generator 236 , for example, a diesel generator 236 , to the function box 100 be connected. This functionality is similar to the function of the grid connection 114 and can be installed either instead or additionally. Also with the power line to the generator 236 is a switch 234 built-in for an interruption to even with this option an island operation of the system 100 to enable. Another option is to install a memory 232 which can offset an imbalance in production and consumption over time.

Especially with electricity from photovoltaic modules 250 This makes sense because the maximum PV current 108 At noon at 12 noon is generated, and since there is often little consumption at this time. A possibility for the memory 232 are the batteries of e-bikes, creating a synergy between different devices. When the e-bike is not in use, its battery compensates for the temporal fluctuations in the power grid. By installing a storage system 232 becomes the self-consumption of the photovoltaic power 108 elevated. Another optional feature is a switch on the outlet for each consumer. Thus, without a plugging of the cable for each consumer 102 . 252 be decided if he is currently a consumer 102 with priority 1 or a consumer 252 with priority 2.

3 shows a schematic representation of the partial wireless energy transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention. Shown are two inductively coupled and / or coupled coils 254 between the in 1 or 2 described PV input interface 112 and the independent energy source described here 110 can be arranged to transmit electrical energy from the independent energy source in sections wirelessly to the PV input interface. In the case of the two inductively coupled and additionally or alternatively coupled coils 254 can it be in the 2 shown two inductively coupled coils 254 act. The two inductively coupled coils 254 can as a transformer 254 be designated.

A source 360 is with an inverter 362 connected. The inverter 362 is with an input of the two inductively coupled coils 254 connected. An output of the two inductively coupled coils 254 is about another inverter 364 with a consumer 366 connected. At the source 360 can it be an in 1 or 2 shown and described independent energy source 110 act. In the inverter 362 the input voltage is converted into a high frequency voltage and to the transformer 254 or to a coil of the two inductively coupled coils 254 directed. The of the second of the two inductively coupled coils 254 Recorded high-frequency voltage is in the inverter 364 converted into an output voltage and the consumer 366 provided.

In the embodiment shown in FIG 3 are the two inductively coupled coils 254 separated by an insulator such as a windowpane.

4 shows a schematic representation of the partial wireless power transmission of AC mains voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the 3 described general topology is in 4 the example of a topology for transmitting an AC mains voltage, that is, an AC voltage represented. The in 3 illustrated inverter 362 includes in the 4 presented topology a power rectifier 470 , a DC link 472 as well as an HF inverter 474 or high frequency inverter 474 , The in 3 illustrated further inverters 364 includes a high frequency rectifier 476 , also as HF rectifier 476 denotes a further intermediate circuit 478 and an AC inverter 480 or AC inverter 480 , At the consumer 366 In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is an AC load with 50 Hz or 60 Hz mains frequency.

In one embodiment, not shown, it is the consumer 366 around the in 1 and 2 described PV input interface 112 ,

5 shows a schematic representation of the sections wireless energy transmission of a solar panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. The representation of the sections wireless energy transmission is based on the in 3 and 4 presented topologies. A solar module 250 is with an inverter 248 connected. The inverter 248 is via two inductively coupled coils 254 as well as another inverter 364 with a consumer 366 connected. This is the consumer 366 representative of a grid connection to an AC grid with, for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The solar module 250 provides a DC voltage in a range of 20V to 50V. The of the solar module 250 provided DC voltage becomes an inverter 248 converted into a high-frequency voltage from the transformer 254 transmitted via an isolator and in another inverter 364 converted into alternating current with the 50 Hz or 60 Hz required for the mains supply.

6 shows a schematic representation of an inductive energy transmission through a window pane 682 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Depending on one of the two inductively coupled or coupled coils 254 is on opposite sides of the windowpane 682 arranged. In doing so, the windowpane 682 representative of an insulator 682 or an electrically non-conductive device 682 stand, such as a drywall 682 or similar.

7 shows a schematic representation of two inductively coupled coils 254 according to an embodiment of the present invention. About a first connection 784 is the first transformer coil 786 the two inductively coupled coils 254 connectable to a mains or a voltage source. Thus, in one embodiment, the first port is located 784 an alternating voltage of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The first transformer coil 786 has an RF inverter 788 on which is formed, one at the first entrance 784 applied mains voltage to an RF voltage / current to convert. The first transformer coil 786 is on an insulator 682 or a windowpane 682 arranged. On one of the first transformer coil 786 opposite side of the windowpane 682 is a second transformer coil 790 the two inductively coupled coils 254 arranged. The second transformer coil 790 has another RF inverter 792 who is trained over the two inductively coupled coils 254 transferable RF voltage / current into a mains voltage of 50 Hz, respectively 60 Hz and to a second connection 794 provide.

In the embodiment shown, the two inductively coupled coils 254 that is the first transformer coil 786 as well as the second transmitter coil 790 over a fortification 796 that's here as a suction cup 796 is executed, with the window 682 connected or attached to this releasably. The first transformer coil 786 points in an axis of the first transformer coil 786 an LED 798 on. This can be an assembly and alignment of the second transmitter coil 790 facilitate. So a user can use the first transmission coil 786 Mount on a windowpane and then through a hole in the axis of the second transmitter coil 790 by means of a visual inspection using the LED 798 align.

One aspect of the presented embodiment is a passage of energy through an insulator 682 for example, a window 682 , a door 682 or a thin wall 682 , So far, cable-based implementations are only offered in the area of satellite reception and network or information technology. The principle is based on making the lines as flat and flexible as possible and laying them through the seals of windows or doors. For thin walls (such as plasterboard), however, such a gap feedthrough is not applicable. The necessary for power transmission conductor cross-section and the necessary insulation would make an application of wired current leads in the same way through the frame rather impractical, since the cable would still be relatively thick.

In 7 a wireless realized energy transport is shown. Using inductive transmission, as known from wireless chargers (such as electric toothbrushes), energy can be transmitted through windows, doors, or other insulators. One aspect is the inductive energy transfer through a door or window or any component that is not intended to be mechanically altered. The illustrated embodiment is independent of the applied voltage at the source or the voltage provided to the load. Here, the application can be dependent on AC or DC voltages of different heights. So it is also independent of the transmitted power or the frequency used.

Conceivable applications for the presented idea are a power supply of Christmas lights, small power tools or charging stations, balcony watering machines, rainwater submersible pumps, patio lighting or lamps. Optionally, the secondary side could be run directly as a lamp (general consumer). At the in 5 shown embodiment of a solar power supply generated by solar panels power is fed through the window in a house socket. For all these applications, the inductive transmission can simultaneously as protection separation after DIN EN 61140 ( VDE 0140-1 ) serve.

Advantageously, no external socket or hole for the cable bushing is necessary. This is especially applicable in a rented apartment. With "missing" holes or other structural feedthroughs, there are no problems with moisture (sealing), no cold bridge due to drafts, no safety problem caused by kinked or crushed cables. In this case, an implementation of the proposed idea for a quick assembly and disassembly is suitable. Furthermore, a galvanic isolation is comparable to a separation transformer or isolation transformer automatically given. This increases safety on the outside. A touch of a defective conductor does not lead to dangerous currents to earth.

The energy transfer is via two loosely coupled coils 254 realized. These form a transformer with a large "air gap". The respective connection to the window 682 For example, via a suction cup 796 getting produced. Fixed installations can also be glued or screwed. The two sides have to be centered opposite. For this purpose, various devices can be used. For example, a hole with an opposing light source would be conceivable 798 (with transparent insulators, glass), magnetic field sensors and an evaluation of the field strength and display (for example, beams, traffic light colors, directional arrows as positioning aid). Basically, the following components are used for transmission: From the first connection 784 from considered an inverter 788 which converts the input voltage into a high frequency voltage (RF). This high-frequency voltage is adapted to the transformer used. The inverter 788 may consist of several circuit stages for converting the source voltage waveform to the high frequency voltage. On the opposite side, that is, on the side of the second connector 794 is an inverter 792 that is on the secondary side of the transformer 254 pending RF voltage in the desired output voltage umricht. The inverter 792 can consist of several circuit stages to convert the RF voltage to the desired output voltage.

8th shows a flowchart of a method 800 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The procedure 800 for protecting a supply line to an electrical consumer, which is supplied with electrical energy from mains electricity from a power grid and supplementarily or alternatively electrical energy from a power source independent of the power source, in particular a regenerative energy source, has a step 810 reading in information about electrical power in a consumer output device for connecting the at least one electrical load and a step 820 disconnecting an electrical connection of the consumer output device when the information about the electrical power exceeds a threshold value for the electric power in the consumer output device. In this case, the consumer output device, a PV input interface and a grid connection interface are connected in a crosspoint to electrically couple the PV input interface, the grid connection interface and the consumer output device;
In an embodiment shown here, the method includes an optional step 830 of providing a control signal for the regenerative power source. It will be in the step 810 reading in a network monitoring signal, which represents information about a current strength and additionally or alternatively a voltage and additionally or alternatively represents a current direction at the mains connection, and a PV monitoring signal representing information about an electrical power at the PV input read. The control signal is determined using the grid monitoring signal, the PV monitor signal and, additionally or alternatively, information about the electrical power on the supply line to control the electrical power on the supply line to a value below the electrical power threshold on the supply line ,

The embodiments described and shown in the figures are chosen only by way of example. Different embodiments may be combined together or in relation to individual features. Also, an embodiment can be supplemented by features of another embodiment.

Furthermore, the method steps presented here can be repeated as well as executed in a sequence other than that described.

If an exemplary embodiment comprises a "and / or" link between a first feature and a second feature, then this is to be read so that the embodiment according to one embodiment, both the first feature and the second feature and according to another embodiment either only first feature or only the second feature.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1965483 A1 [0003]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN EN 61140 [0063]
• VDE 0140-1 [0063]

Claims (11)

Contraption ( 100 ) for the combined operation of at least one electrical consumer ( 102 ) with mains power ( 104 ) from a power grid ( 106 ) and / or electrical energy ( 108 ) from one of the power grid ( 106 ) independent energy source ( 110 ), in particular a regenerative energy source ( 110 ), the device ( 100 ) has the following features: a PV input interface ( 112 ) for feeding the electrical energy ( 108 ) from the grid ( 106 ) independent energy source ( 110 ); a power connector interface ( 114 ) for feeding the mains current ( 104 ); a consumer output device ( 116 ) for connecting the at least one electrical load ( 102 ), where in a cross-point ( 118 ) the PV input interface ( 112 ), the power connector interface ( 114 ) and the consumer exit facility ( 116 ) and / or are electrically coupled and / or electrically coupled; and a line protection device ( 120 ), which forms part of the consumer exit facility ( 116 ), the line protection device ( 120 ) is formed when exceeding a threshold value for an electrical power in the consumer output device ( 116 ) to disconnect the electrical connection. Contraption ( 100 ) according to claim 1, wherein the network interface ( 114 ) an activation point ( 230 ), in particular a switch ( 230 ) as an activation point ( 230 ), which is formed at the power supply interface ( 114 ) connectable power grid ( 106 ) of the device ( 100 ) to be separated electrically. Contraption ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, with an electrical memory ( 232 ) connected to the PV input interface ( 112 ) is connected and / or connectable. Contraption ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, with a switchable generator ( 236 ) connected to the PV input interface ( 112 ) is connected and / or switchable. Contraption ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, with a control device ( 238 ), which is designed to control a flow of energy and / or electricity between the PV input interface ( 112 ), the power connector interface ( 114 ) and the consumer exit facility ( 116 ) to control. Contraption ( 100 ) according to claim 5, with at least one second consumer output device ( 116 ) for connecting an electrical consumer ( 102 ), wherein the control device ( 238 ) is adapted, a flow of energy to the at least one second consumer output device ( 240 ) such that it is only supplied with electrical energy when at the PV input interface ( 112 ) more electrical energy ( 108 ) than at the consumer output facility ( 116 ) is consumed. Contraption ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the network connection interface ( 114 ) a network monitoring device ( 244 ), in particular a current sensor ( 244 ), wherein the network monitoring device ( 244 ) a network monitoring signal ( 246 ), wherein the network monitoring signal ( 246 ) represents information about a current intensity and / or a voltage and / or a current direction. Contraption ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the PV input interface ( 112 ) two inductively coupled and / or coupled coils ( 254 ), which are formed, the electrical energy ( 108 ) at least in sections wirelessly from the power grid ( 106 ) independent energy source ( 110 ), in particular a regenerative energy source ( 110 ), to the PV input interface ( 112 ) transferred to. Procedure ( 800 ) for protecting a supply line to an electrical consumer ( 102 ) powered by electrical energy ( 108 ) from mains ( 104 ) from a power grid ( 106 ) and / or electrical energy ( 108 ) from one of the power grid ( 106 ) independent energy source ( 110 ), in particular a regenerative energy source ( 110 ), the process ( 800 ) has the following steps: reading in ( 810 ) information about electrical power in a consumer output device ( 116 ) for connecting the at least one electrical load, wherein the consumer output device ( 116 ), a PV input interface ( 112 ) and a network interface ( 114 ) in a crosspoint ( 118 ) are connected to the PV input interface ( 112 ), the power connector interface ( 114 ) and the consumer exit facility ( 116 ) to couple electrically; Disconnect ( 820 ) an electrical connection of the consumer output device ( 116 ), when the information about the electrical power has a threshold value for the electric power in the consumer output device ( 116 ) exceeds. Procedure ( 800 ) according to claim 9, with a step ( 830 ) of providing a control signal for the regenerative energy source, wherein in step ( 810 ) of reading in a network monitoring signal which contains information about a current intensity and / or a voltage and / or a current direction at the mains connection interface ( 114 ), and a PV monitor signal which contains information about electric power at the PV input interface ( 112 ), is read, and wherein the control signal is determined using the mains monitoring signal, the PV monitoring signal and / or the information about the electrical power on the supply line to the electrical power on the supply line to a value below the threshold for the regulate electrical power on the supply line. Computer program product with program code for carrying out the method ( 800 ) according to one of claims 8 to 9, when the program product is executed on a device.

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