DE102021201225A1 - Adapter and feed-in network for connecting a power storage unit to a power grid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile adapter (12) for connecting a power storage device (14) to a voltage network (16). The adapter (12) has a voltage converter (18) for converting the voltage from the power storage device (14) into an AC voltage for feeding into the voltage network (16) and a controller (20) of the voltage converter (18) for adjusting the phase of the AC voltage . A first plug (22a) of the adapter (12) has the purpose of establishing an electrical and mechanical connection between the adapter (12) and the power storage device (14). For this purpose, the first plug (22a) has two contact pins (24a, 24b) for insertion into contact sockets (26a, 26b) of a socket (22b) associated with the first plug (22a). A feed socket (30a) of the adapter (12) is used for the electrical and mechanical connection of the adapter (12) to the voltage network (16).

Description

Background of the Invention

1. a) Einen Spannungsrichter zum Umwandeln einer Gleichspannung oder Wechselspannung aus dem Stromspeicher in eine Wechselspannung zum Einspeisen in das Spannungsnetz;
2. b) Eine Steuerung des Spannungsrichters zur Phasensynchronisation der Wechselspannung aus dem Spannungsrichter mit einer Wechselspannung des Spannungsnetzes.

The invention relates to a mobile adapter for connecting a power storage device to a voltage network, having:

1. a) A voltage converter for converting a DC voltage or AC voltage from the power storage device into an AC voltage for feeding into the voltage network;
2. b) A control of the voltage converter for phase synchronization of the AC voltage from the voltage converter with an AC voltage of the voltage network.

The invention also relates to a feed network with such an adapter.

Solar inverters are known from the prior art, which convert DC voltage from solar modules into AC voltage and feed it into a power supply network. They synchronize themselves automatically with the power supply network. Furthermore, voltage converters are known from the prior art, which synchronize the AC voltage from wind turbines with the AC voltage in a power supply network for feeding.

The known inverters and converters are not very flexible with regard to the connection of an electricity storage device to a voltage network.

object of the invention

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an adapter and a feed-in network which enable a flexible connection of an electricity storage device to a voltage network.

Brief description of the invention

According to the invention, this object is achieved by an adapter according to claim 1 and a feed network according to claim 6 . Advantageous refinements result from the dependent claims.

• c) einen ersten Stecker zum Anschließen des Adapters an den Stromspeicher mit zwei Kontaktstiften zum Einführen in Kontaktbuchsen einer zugehörigen Steckdose zur Verbindung des Adapters mit dem Stromspeicher;
• d) Eine Einspeise-Steckdose zum Anschließen des Adapters an das Spannungsnetz, insbesondere mit
  1. I. zwei Kontaktbuchsen zur Aufnahme von Kontaktstiften eines zugehörigen Einspeise-Steckers zur Herstellung einer Verbindung mit dem Spannungsnetz, wobei die Kontaktbuchsen von einer Berührungsschutzhülse umgeben sind, und
  2. II. einer Verriegelungsaufnahme zur Aufnahme eines Verriegelungselements des zugehörigen Einspeise-Steckers zur Befestigung des Einspeise-Steckers an der Einspeise-Steckdose unter Formschluss in Steckrichtung.

The device according to the invention has the following features:

• c) a first plug for connecting the adapter to the power storage device with two contact pins for insertion into contact sockets of an associated socket for connecting the adapter to the power storage device;
• d) A power socket for connecting the adapter to the power supply, in particular with
  1. I. two contact sockets for accommodating contact pins of an associated feeder plug for establishing a connection to the power supply system, the contact sockets being surrounded by a protective sleeve, and
  2. II. a locking receptacle for accommodating a locking element of the associated feeder plug for attaching the feeder plug to the feeder socket with a positive fit in the direction of insertion.

With the feed plug and the feed socket, the adapter can be easily and flexibly connected to various power storage devices on the one hand and voltage grids on the other hand in order to feed electricity from the storage device into the voltage grid or power grid. In particular, the contact protection sleeve and the locking receptacle of the feed socket lead to a secure and stable connection of the adapter to the mains power supply. The insertion direction of the feeder plug refers in particular to the direction in which the feeder plug is inserted into the feeder socket. The feed socket and/or the feed plug can each be connected to the rest of the mobile adapter via a cable.

The voltage network is designed in particular as an electrical network in a building or house. The adapter is designed to be detachable from the power storage unit and the voltage network in a non-destructive manner. The voltage converter includes an inverter and/or a converter. The power storage devices have, in particular, accumulators or batteries. The term "touch sleeve" also includes multiple touch sleeves. The plug can have more than two contact pins and the feed socket can have more than two contact sockets. The locking receptacle is designed in such a way that, together with the locking element of the feed plug, it prevents a pulling movement of the feed plug in the insertion direction in the installed state.

The voltage converter has in particular a circuit for converting an AC voltage from the power storage device into a DC voltage and a circuit for converting the DC voltage into an AC voltage for feeding the AC voltage generated in this way into the voltage network. In particular, the circuit has a power factor correction filter, also known as a power factor correction (PFC) filter.

• 1) zur Kontrolle der Funktionsweise des Adapters mit dem Spannungsrichter unter Berücksichtigung von Betriebsparametern, zum Beispiel für die Funktionsweise des Adapters relevante Temperaturen, Ströme und/oder Spannungen,
• 2) zur Vektorregelung der Wechselströme in dem Spannungsrichter,
• 3) zur Ansteuerung von Schaltkreisen in dem Spannungsrichter,
• 4) zur Ausbildung der Wechselspannung in Bezug auf die Frequenz, die Amplitude und die Synchronisation der Phase einer Wechselspannung in dem Spannungsrichter mit einer Wechselspannung in dem Spannungsnetz,
• 5) zur Unterbrechung der elektrischen Verbindung des Adapters mit dem Spannungsnetz,
• 6) zur Steuerung einer Inselschaltung, umfassend den Adapter,
• 7) zur Kommunikation über Schnittstellen.

The controller of the voltage converter is designed in particular for one or more of the following functions:

• 1) to check the functioning of the adapter with the voltage converter, taking into account operating parameters, for example temperatures, currents and/or voltages relevant to the functioning of the adapter,
• 2) for vector control of alternating currents in the voltage converter,
• 3) to drive circuits in the voltage converter,
• 4) for forming the AC voltage in terms of frequency, amplitude and synchronization of the phase of an AC voltage in the voltage converter with an AC voltage in the voltage network,
• 5) to interrupt the electrical connection of the adapter to the power supply,
• 6) for controlling an island circuit, comprising the adapter,
• 7) for communication via interfaces.

Preferred developments of the invention

An embodiment of the adapter with a power controller for limiting the power of the AC voltage from the voltage converter is advantageous, in particular for limiting the power to 600 W. The power controller limits the power from the power storage unit to a value suitable for the voltage network. The power controller has thyristors, for example.

An embodiment of the adapter with a mains isolating switch for interrupting the electrical connection between the voltage network and an electrical target network, which is electrically connected to the adapter and the voltage network, in the event of a power failure in the voltage network is preferred. The target network is designed, for example, as an electrical network in an apartment. In the event of an unintentional interruption of a current through the voltage network or mains, the adapter switches off. The voltage in the adapter is shut down. The adapter then actuates the mains switch in a wireless and/or wired manner in order to electrically decouple the target network and the voltage network. The adapter then starts operating again. The voltage in the adapter is ramped up again. The power storage device, the adapter and other electrical devices connected to the target network can continue to be operated as an island system in which a current flows.

In a further configuration of the adapter, the receptacle for the feed socket is designed as a thread and/or opening. Such receptacles, together with complementary connecting elements of the feed plug, enable stable locking of the feed plug on the feed socket (see below).

In an advantageous embodiment, the plug has a protective contact for connecting to a protective conductor contact of the associated socket for dissipating a fault current, the fault current occurring when the electrical connection is established with the power storage unit through the contact pins. The protective contact increases the security of the connection between the adapter and the power storage. The plug is designed in particular as a protective contact plug.

A feed network has an adapter according to one of the preceding embodiments, a particularly mobile power storage device, particularly a lithium-ion battery and/or a lithium-iron phosphate battery, and a socket for the electrical connection to the plug of the adapter on, wherein the socket has two contact sockets for receiving the contact pins of the plug. In particular, the socket has a protective earth contact for contact with a protective contact of the plug. The socket is designed in particular to complement a protective contact plug.

• III. zwei Kontaktstifte zum Einführen in die Kontaktbuchsen der Einspeise-Steckdose, wobei die Kontaktstifte von einer Berührschutzhülse des Einspeise-Steckers umgeben sind;
• IV. ein Verriegelungselement zum formschlüssigen Verbinden in Steckrichtung mit der Verriegelungsaufnahme der Einspeise-Steckdose.

In an advantageous embodiment of the feed network, the voltage network leads to a feed plug that has the following:

• III. two contact pins for insertion into the contact sockets of the feed socket, the contact pins being surrounded by a protective sleeve of the feed plug;
• IV. a locking element for positive connection in the direction of insertion with the locking receptacle of the feed socket.

In embodiments of the feed network in which the receptacle of the feed socket is designed as a thread, the associated feed plug has a complementary thread for screwing the feed plug onto the thread of the feed socket. As a result, stable locking of the feeder plug on the feeder socket is effected in a quick manner. In embodiments of the feed network in which the receptacle of the feed socket is designed as an opening, the feed plug has in particular an elastic element with a tongue for engaging in the opening. This allows a non-displaceable connection in the plug-in direction in a simple way Produce feed-in plug and feed-in socket, which in particular can only be detached using a tool and is therefore designed to be safe.

The feed network preferably has a photovoltaic module for generating electrical energy from solar energy. The electrical energy from the photovoltaic module is stored in particular in a storage means of the electricity storage device.

In one embodiment of the feed-in network, a signal line runs between the power storage device and the adapter to indicate to the power storage device that the adapter is connected to the power storage device, with the signal line being integrated in particular in a power line between the power storage device and the adapter. It is then advantageously possible, after a signal has been transmitted through the signal line, to adjust and thereby optimize the power transmission from the power store to the adapter or the voltage network.

In a further development of the aforementioned embodiment, the power storage device has a voltage controller for controlling the voltage from the power storage device as a function of the signal from the signal line, in particular in order to cause a DC voltage to be output from the power storage device when the adapter is connected to the power storage device. The control enables a flexible output of the AC voltage in terms of frequency, amplitude and phase, among other things. In particular, the controller causes the power storage device to output a DC voltage instead of an AC voltage when the adapter is connected to the power storage device, with the DC voltage being converted by the voltage converter in the adapter into an AC voltage for supply to the power grid. No AC voltage is generated in the power storage device, which first has to be converted into a DC voltage in the voltage converter in order to generate an AC voltage suitable for feeding into the voltage grid from this DC voltage.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description and the drawing. Likewise, the features mentioned above and those detailed below can each be used individually or collectively in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character for the description of the invention.

character list

• 1 shows schematically a feed network with an adapter;
• 2 shows schematically a first circuit of a voltage converter of the adapter;
• 3 Figure 12 shows schematically a second circuit of the voltage converter of the adapter.

1 shows a feed-in network 10 with a mobile adapter 12 for connecting a power storage unit 14 to a voltage grid 16. A voltage converter 18 of the adapter 12 converts a DC voltage or AC voltage from the power storage unit 14 into an AC voltage for feeding into the voltage grid 16. A controller 20 of the voltage converter 18 synchronizes the phase of the AC voltage from the voltage converter 18 with an AC voltage from the voltage network 16. A first plug 22a is used to connect the adapter 12 to the power storage unit 14. The first plug 22a has two contact pins 24a, 24b of the first plug 22a for insertion into two contact sockets 26a, 26b of an associated socket 22b. A protective contact 28 of the plug connects a protective earth contact 30 of the associated socket 22b to derive a fault current, the fault current occurring when the electrical connection is established with the power storage device 14 through the contact pins 24a, 24b.

A feed socket 30a is used to connect the adapter 12 to the power supply 16. The feed socket 30a has two contact sockets 32a, 32b for receiving contact pins 34a, 34b of an associated feed plug 30b for establishing a connection to the power supply 16. A respective contact protection sleeve 36a, 36b protects the contact sockets 32a, 32b and the contact pins 34a, 34b from being touched by a user of the adapter 12. A locking receptacle 38a accommodates a locking element 38b of the associated feed plug 30b in order to feed the feed plug 30b to the Feed-in socket 30a to be fastened with a positive fit in the plug-in direction SR.

A power controller 40 of the adapter 12 limits the output of the AC voltage from the voltage converter 18, in particular to 600 W. A mains circuit breaker 42 interrupts the electrical connection between the voltage network 16 and an electrical target network 78, which is electrically connected to the adapter 12 and the voltage network 16 in the event of a power failure in the voltage network 16.

In addition to the socket 22b, the power accumulator 14 also has an electrical connection the first plug 22a of the adapter 12 has a battery 44, in particular in the form of a lithium-ion battery and/or a lithium-iron-phosphate battery, and a storage means 46 for storing electrical energy from a photovoltaic module 48, wherein the battery 44 may include the storage means 46 . A signal line 50 runs between the power storage unit 14 and the adapter 12 in order to indicate to the power storage unit 14 that the adapter 12 is connected to the power storage unit 14 . Alternatively or additionally, the signal line can be formed or integrated via the contacts 24a, b, 26a, b. A voltage controller 52 of the power storage 14 controls the voltage from the power storage 14 depending on the signal from the signal line 50, in particular to cause the output of a DC voltage from the power storage 14 when the adapter 12 is connected to the power storage 14.

2 FIG. 12 shows schematically a first circuit 54 of the voltage converter 18 of the adapter 12 (see FIG 1 ) with MOSFETS M1a - M10a, coils L1a - L3a, capacitors C1a, C2a and diodes Dia - D4a. The first circuit 54 includes a power factor correction filter 56, also called a power factor correction (PFC) filter. The first switching circuit 54 is connected to an input 58a for receiving voltage from the current storage device 14 (see FIG 1 ) and an output 58b for outputting AC voltage to the voltage network 16.

An input stage 60a is formed with an H-bridge 62a with four MOSFETS M1a - M4a. The controller 20 of the voltage converter 18 (see 1 ) controls the MOSFETS M1-M4a in such a way that a sinusoidal AC voltage is generated in the input stage 60a, which is in phase with the AC voltage from the current storage device 14. A DC voltage of 390 V to 410 V, in particular 400 V, is generated across the capacitor C1a.

In an isolation stage 60b, the DC voltage dropping across the capacitor C1a is transformed to an output stage 60c, in particular in a ratio of 1:125. In the output stage 60c, a direct voltage on the output side of, in particular, 450 V is generated from the transformed direct voltage.

The output stage 60c has an H-bridge 62b on the output side, which is controlled by the controller 20 of the voltage converter 18 (see FIG 1 ) is controlled in such a way that a sinusoidal AC voltage is generated in the output stage 60c, which is phase-synchronous with the AC voltage of the voltage network 16 and is fed into the voltage network 16. The input stage 60a and the output stage 60c are constructed in particular with mirror symmetry. In particular, the current direction in the output stage 60c is opposite to the current direction in the input stage 60a.

3 FIG. 12 shows schematically a second circuit 64 of the voltage converter 18 of the adapter 12 (see FIG 1 ) with MOSFETS M1b - M6b, coils L1b, L2b, a capacitor C1b and diodes D1b - D7b. The second switching circuit 64 is connected to an input 66a for receiving a voltage from the current storage device 14 (see FIG 1 ) and an output 66b for outputting AC voltage to the voltage network 16 (see 1 ) connected. An input stage 68a of the second switching circuit 64 has a diode full bridge 70 and a two-switch flyback converter 72, also called a two-switch flyback converter, arranged downstream in the current direction. The controller 20 of the voltage converter 18 controls the two-switch flyback converter 72 in such a way that a sinusoidal AC voltage generated in an input stage 74a is in phase with the AC voltage from the power storage device 14 . A DC voltage is generated across the capacitor C1b, in particular with a value between 440 V and 460 V, preferably 450 V. An H-bridge 76 in an output stage 68b is controlled by the controller 20 of the voltage converter 18 in such a way that a sinusoidal AC voltage is generated in the output stage 68b, which is in phase with the AC voltage in the voltage network 16 and is fed into the voltage network 16.

Taking all the figures of the drawing together, the invention relates to a mobile adapter 12 for connecting a power storage unit 14 to a power grid 16. The adapter 12 has a voltage converter 18 for converting the voltage from the power storage unit 14 into an AC voltage for feeding into the power grid 16 and a controller 20 of the voltage converter 18 for adjusting the phase of the AC voltage. The purpose of a first plug 22a of the adapter 12 is to establish an electrical and mechanical connection between the adapter 12 and the power storage device 14 . For this purpose, the first plug 22a has two contact pins 24a, 24b for insertion into contact sockets 32a, 32b of a socket 22b associated with the first plug 22a. A feed socket 30a of the adapter 12 is used for the electrical and mechanical connection of the adapter 12 to the power supply system 16.

Claims (10)

Mobile adapter (12) for connecting a power storage unit (14) to a voltage network (16), having: a) a voltage converter (18) for conversion a DC voltage or AC voltage from the power storage device (14) into an AC voltage for feeding into the voltage network (16); b) A controller (20) of the voltage converter (18) for phase synchronization of the AC voltage from the voltage converter (18) with an AC voltage of the voltage network (16), characterized by c) a first plug (22a) for connecting the adapter (12) to the Power storage device (14) with two contact pins (24a, 24b) for insertion into contact sockets (26a, 26b) of an associated socket (22b) for connecting the adapter (12) to the power storage device (14); d) A feed socket (30a) for connecting the adapter (12) to the power supply (16), in particular with I. two contact sockets (32a, 32b) for receiving contact pins (34a, 34b) of an associated feed plug (30b ) for establishing a connection to the voltage network (16), wherein the contact sockets (32a, 32b) are surrounded by a protective sleeve (36a), and II. a locking receptacle (38a) for receiving a locking element (38b) of the associated feed plug ( 30b) for fastening the feed plug (30b) to the feed socket (30a) with a positive fit in the plug-in direction (SR). adapter after claim 1 with a power controller for limiting the power of the AC voltage from the voltage converter (18), in particular for limiting the power to 600 W. Adapter according to one of the preceding claims with a mains circuit breaker (42) for interrupting the electrical connection between the voltage network (16) and an electrical target network (78) which is electrically connected to the adapter (12) and the voltage network (16), at a Power failure in the voltage network (16). Adapter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking receptacle (38a) of the feed socket (30a) is designed as a thread and/or opening. Adapter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plug (22a) has a protective contact (28) for connection to a protective conductor contact (30) of the associated socket (22b) for dissipating a fault current, the fault current when the electrical connection is made with the power storage device ( 14) through the contact pins (24a, 24b). Feed-in network (10) with an adapter (12) according to one of the preceding claims and with a, in particular mobile, power storage (14), in particular a lithium-ion battery and / or a lithium-iron phosphate battery, with a Socket (22b) for electrical connection to the plug (22a) of the adapter (12), the socket (22b) having two contact sockets (26a, 26b) for receiving the contact pins (24a, 24b) of the first plug (22a). feed-in network claim 6 , wherein the voltage network (16) leads to a feed plug (30b) which has: III. two contact pins (34a, 34b) for insertion into the contact sockets (32a, 32b) of the feed socket (30a), the contact pins (34a, 34b) being surrounded by a protective sleeve (36b) of the feed plug (30b); IV. a locking element (38b) for positive connection in the plugging direction (SR) with the locking receptacle (38a) of the feed socket (30a). Feed network according to claim claim 6 or 7 , wherein the feed network (10) has a photovoltaic module (48). Feed-in network according to one of Claims 6 until 8th , wherein a signal line (50) runs between the power storage device (14) and the adapter (12) in order to indicate to the power storage device (14) that the adapter (12) is connected to the power storage device (14), the signal line (50) is integrated in particular in a power line between the power storage (14) and the adapter (12). feed-in network claim 9 , wherein the power store (14) has a voltage controller (52) for controlling the voltage from the power store (14) as a function of the signal from the signal line (50), in particular in order to cause the output of a DC voltage from the power store (14). , when the adapter (12) is connected to the power storage device (14).

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