DE102014113681B4 - Ventilation of round silos for bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Round silo (1) for bulk material, in particular for grain, with at least one telescopic ventilation channel (3, 4) arranged on the horizontal silo bottom (2) with air passage holes introduced into the wall, wherein the ventilation channel (3, 4) extends through an opening in the casing wall (3). 5) of the round silo (1) is mounted completely removable on the silo bottom (2), combined with a concentric in the round silo (1) can be arranged rotary Sweeper (8) and a stationary in the silo bottom (2) arranged, installed underfloor trough auger or a Unterflurtrogkettenförderer ( 7) for discharging the bulk material, which extends radially and opens into an opening or into a nozzle in the silo wall or the silo bottom (2), wherein the sweeping screw (8) is mounted and controllable in such a way that it only after the Removing the at least one ventilation duct (3, 4) is operable in operation.

Description

The invention relates to the formation of a bottom region of a round silo for bulk materials with at least one arranged on a silo bottom ventilation duct.

Such round silos are used for storing free-flowing products such as cereals, grain legumes, oilseeds, coffee, feed, cocoa, wood chips and granules. The bulk material stored in the round silo is removed as a mixture via a centrally arranged outlet nozzle on the bottom side. For the removal trough screws or Unterflurtrogkettenförderer be used to discharge the bulk material. These are arranged radially at the bottom and open in a connection piece on the bottom plate of the silo.

Round silos for bulk material are known from the prior art, which have suitable devices for simplified discharge of the filling material. For example, describes the DE 20 10 214 A Such a device which is arranged as a screw shaft at the bottom of the round silo and which conveys the bulk material through a correspondingly provided outlet opening out of the silo. Such a closed system proves to be disadvantageous because it provides no ventilation options for the bulk material stored therein and consequently can easily spoil the bulk material or the material properties of the bulk material develop disadvantageously when this is finally removed from the silo.

From the DE 103 10 489 B4 It is known to introduce on the floor of a flat bearing or on the walls of the same ventilation ducts for drawing in horizontal and vertical orientation. These ventilation channels have walls that are perforated at least on the silo inside so that injected air can escape through the holes. Such ventilation channels are used both for aerating organic and inorganic bulk material. In particular, it is necessary that air flows through cereals and other free-flowing natural products, as stated above. From the document it is known to use the ventilation duct of a plurality of series-arranged channel segments with perforated for the passage of air walls, which have stepped-together cross-sectional sizes for telescopically telescoping and telescoping along their longitudinal axes. The cross-sectionally smallest and / or the largest cross-section channel segment has a transverse to the sliding direction, substantially centrally provided centrally and fixedly connected to the wall bracket for a tension or pressure means of a tension or compression device, depending on the train / pressure direction either the smallest channel segment moves away from or towards the larger one, and the largest channel segment moves away from or towards the smallest. This makes it possible to telescopically tighten a mounted on the bottom of the silo air duct for entering or driving on the ground and pull out of the silo entirely in a simple manner. This can be done for example with a tractor or with a winch. After emptying the silo, the ventilation duct can be re-introduced. The individual segments may have special embodiments, as well as the DE 39 38 712 C2 shows.

From the round silo containers used for ventilation drying, the bulk material runs largely automatically due to the effect of gravity. However, the emptying requires, if no technical aids are available, a considerable amount of work, especially since in silos with large diameter slipping z. As the grain at a Schüttwinkel of z. B. <38 ° is no longer done and thus by means of the trough auger or Unterflurtrogkettenförderers a discharge is no longer possible. A feed of the bulk material in the outlet, z. B. a funnel, the discharge must be done by hand. So that the silo can be committed, doors or hatches with covers or flaps are provided in the mantle wall of the silo.

But it is also possible to use permanently installed or transportable screws for emptying. Transportable screws are used in particular for smaller silos with diameters of about 3 m to about 7 m for the emptying. These transportable screws consist of a screw thread with the screw core, an impeller and a drive unit and have a capacity of, for example, 15 tons to 30 tons per hour with a drive line of 1.5 kW to 3 kW. Once emptying is completed by gravity and no grain flows independently into the hopper in the middle of the silo, the access hatch is opened and transported the transportable screw into the silo. The transportable screw is fixed in the middle of the silo above the outlet funnel with a pivot pin. After commissioning, the transportable screw digs vertically down into the remaining bed until the wheel sits on the perforated intermediate floor. Then the auger turns around the axis in the middle of the silo until the grain is largely discharged.

In principle, such transportable screws can also be used in silos with diameters of 12 m. The introduction is extremely difficult because they are very heavy. at Round silos with diameters ≥ 6 m are therefore generally used for stationary discharge screws, if such are considered necessary. In contrast to the mobile screws, the stationary screw is covered with an angle profile and the impeller rests on the silo bottom after the screw has been installed. After commissioning, the extraction screw conveys the grains located above the screw radially to the center of the container. From there, the grains are taken out with the pressure screw embedded in the ground or a bottom fl ooring conveyor. As soon as the grains located above the screw are discharged by gravity, the feed is switched on. The sweeping screw rotates around the tank axis until emptying of the residue is complete. Stationary screws usually have a much higher power range for emptying the round silos than transportable. The emptying can not be complete. Residuals remain lying on the floor of the silo. The residual layer can be fed either by rotating trough auger or bottom trough chain conveyors.

Round silos in which the emptying is done by means of stationary sweep screws, can basically be ventilated only by means of a perforated intermediate floor. With the perforated shelves, which serve as a storage floor and at a distance of z. B. 0.4 m to 0.5 m above the silo bottom, a desired uniform distribution of air over the cross section of the round silo container can be achieved. The introduction of shelves, which consist of Sieblochblechen and need a stable substructure, but is very complicated and expensive. Elaborate seals between Sieblochboden and the shell wall of the silo are also required. If the design is not stable, deformation may occur even when walking through the perforated plate. An incomplete emptying makes a manual cleaning, z. B. by means of a vacuum cleaner or shovel and broom, necessary. Also, an insufficient possibility for cleaning the space between the Sieblochboden and the silo bottom is given. Inadequate cleaning of the emptied silo and lack of disinfection may lead to insect infestations in the case of new arrivals.

Based on the illustrated prior art, the present invention seeks to make a round silo in the bottom area so that an improved drainage is possible, no false floor for optimal ventilation and cooling of the flowable products is required and by controlling the air supply and / or Extracting the air from the silo even during the emptying a CO2 content is adjustable, which is below a defined limit.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a round silo for bulk material, in particular for grain, with at least one or more arranged on the horizontal silo bottom telescopic ventilation ducts with introduced into the wall air passage holes, the ventilation duct mounted through an opening in the shell wall of the round silo completely pulled out on the silo bottom is combined with a concentric arranged in a round silo rotary sweeper screw and a stationarily arranged in the silo bottom, underground trough slug or a Unterflurtrogkettenförderer for discharging the bulk material, which extends radially and opens into an opening or a nozzle in the silo wall, wherein the sweeping screw is mounted and controllable in such a way that it can only be taken into operation after the removal of the ventilation ducts.

The invention ensures, on the one hand, that optimum ventilation is ensured, that the ventilation can be controlled or regulated as a function of CO2 formation, and that residual emptying is also possible with the telescopic ventilation channel still present up to a defined level of the residual quantity of the bulk material. the after removal of the telescopic ventilation duct, which in a simple way as shown in the DE 103 10 489 B4 can be removed, completely removed. With a stationary sweeping screw the residual emptying can also be done after the telescopic ventilation channels have been pulled out.

The inventive design an expensive intermediate floor is not required and also on the telescopic tube a simple adaptation to the edge towards downsizing cross section of the circle segments with respect to the length of the ventilation duct in a simple manner possible. After removal of the telescopic tubes, the entire surface of the silo floor is accessible and thus also a residual emptying by means of the sweep screws and optionally coupled thereto brush arrangements and by manual cleaning possible. Basically, the entire silo floor may be occupied by one or more telescopic ventilation channels, depending on the diameter. It is only necessary to ensure that the trough auger or the underfloor trough chain conveyor is accessible in the inlet area, the centric funnel and this inlet area is not obscured by the ventilation ducts.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a displaceable screw via a hatch, if necessary, can be used in the round silo when the emptying has progressed and the good no longer runs. This is especially necessary if a stationary Sweep screw is not installed. For this purpose, a correspondingly designed door or hatch with a flap or cover is provided in the casing wall. This should be lockable with an electrically controlled lock system. Silogases, especially CO2, settle in the lower part of the silos. CO2 in concentration has an anesthetic effect, so that the person entering a silo can be unconscious without the CO2 gases being sucked out beforehand. Further inhalation of silicases may also lead to respiratory arrest. To avoid this, the electrically controlled lock system should be controllable in dependence on the proportion of CO2 in the air, so that at high concentration unintentional opening of the door or the flap or the cover is not possible at all.

For ventilation, the fans can basically be arranged on the pressure side or on the suction side. If a CO2 measurement is to take place, a suction-side arrangement is necessary. In the case of the suction-side arrangement of the fan, it is expedient to suck in the air at operator-specified intervals and to supply a CO2 sensor for analyzing the CO2 content. The desired threshold value is set by the operator or set according to the installation, eg. B. to 50%. In addition, a statement about the microorganism growth, the multiplication of harmful insects or the respiratory reaction can be made by measuring the actual value, so that the infestation state with such microorganisms or pests can also be determined on the basis of the measured value.

When exceeding the CO2 content over a user-settable reference value, the fan can be turned on automatically and sucked air from the silo room and / or a control circuit can be made to give an audible or visual warning, so that the operator is informed about the respective state. Also, the interval CO2 measurement can be used to control the suction of the silo air by means of at least one fan or regulate.

The round silo itself can consist of concrete or corrugated metal in a known manner or a smooth wall silo of sheet steel, z. B. galvanized steel sheet, be.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the fan can also be controlled as a function of the temperature in the silo. For this purpose, a temperature sensor is installed in the intake of the fan, which is connected to the control device of the ventilation of the round silo. As a function of a defined temperature limit value, the control device controls the fan in such a way that air is drawn in through the bed for cooling.

The ability to measure the CO2 content and the temperature increases in the silo, damage due to respiratory reactions, increase of insect pests and microorganism growth should be detected early and avoided.

A silo, which is equipped according to the invention, can be used for any free-flowing bulk material, for. As for cereals, grain legumes, oilseeds, coffee, feed, cocoa, wood chips and pellets and granules, plastic granules and other bulk materials.

The invention combines aeration or cooling of the bulk material with the possibility of CO2 and / or temperature-dependent control of ventilation, combined with an efficient emptying of the bulk material. After emptying the silo can be cleaned and disinfected.

The suction-side operation of the fan or fans has the advantage that the upper part of the bed, which is particularly endangered by condensate from the roof area, can be additionally dried after storage when the ventilation takes place during the day. Damage caused by microorganism growth or insect pest proliferation or the occurrence of respiratory reactions can be monitored by the CO2 measurement deposited on the bottom of the silo. Through the telescopic tube assembly a complete extraction of the same from the silo by means of tractor or winch is possible by minimal effort. Likewise, a fitting over this in a simple manner possible, for which purpose a corresponding breakthrough is provided in the casing wall.

The advantages compared to ventilation with perforated shelves are also obvious. The telescopic tubes are compared to the ventilation floor with substructure and columns inexpensive to produce and arbitrary laying. Due to the telescopic arrangement, adaptation to the laying length in the curved area is possible in a simple manner. It can therefore be used the same telescopic ventilation pipes for the entire area. By advancing the sections, an individual length adjustment is possible. However, it is also possible to use telescopic tubes with only two or three sections over the longer ones with four or five sections in the central area even in the thicker curvature area of the floor. After emptying, a cleaning and disinfecting of the silo is easily possible, so that the risk of infection and insect pests can at least be reduced.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in FIGS.

In the drawings show:

1 in a simplified representation of a round silo according to the invention, which is filled with bulk material, with two retracted telescopic ventilation ducts;

2 a plan view of the silo according to 1 with roof removed in a schematic representation; and

3 a further schematic sectional view through a round silo with a stationary sweeping screw and a residual emptying level of the bulk material and an insertion funnel for the trough screw.

The embodiment shown schematically in the figures shows in 1 in a vertical sectional drawing a round silo 1 that is filled with grain and on a concrete floor 2 stands up, which also forms the silo bottom. The illustration also shows two telescopic tubes 3 . 4 on the silo floor 2 rest and through openings in the silo-shell wall 5 , like out 2 can be seen, are pulled out. From the horizontal section drawing according to 2 it can be seen that the two telescopic tubes 3 and 4 are arranged parallel to each other and centric of the filler neck 6 a Trogukettenförderers 7 standing in a canal of the silo floor 2 is introduced. Instead of the trough chain conveyor 7 Can also be used a trough slug. The round silo 1 is usually provided with a flat or frustoconical roof or with a hood in the center of the filling opening for the grain is provided.

When emptying via the trough chain conveyor 7 The bulk material automatically falls by gravity until, for example, an angle of about 38 ° in the lateral edge region of the silo 1 reached, in which the grain no longer slipping, so that now an emptying of the remaining amount 9 is required.

This is how out 3 visible, by means of a sweeping screw 8th accomplished concentrically in the silo 1 is mounted rotating. This may be a stationary sweeping screw 8th or a transportable sweep, as previously stated. The sweeping snow 8th is only put into rotational motion when the telescopic tubes 3 . 4 from the round silo 1 are pulled out, so that the sweep screw 8th over the entire silo floor 2 can rotate. The controller may be blocked by mechanical means or by electrical means, for which purpose appropriate sensors or switches are to be installed which are coupled to the electrical control circuit and signal whether the telescopic tubes 3 and 4 exist or not. The mode of action of such a sweeping screw 8th is already dealt with in the introduction to the description, reference is made to this. By means of this sweeping screw 8th will be the residual quantity 9 the funnel or outlet nozzle 6 supplied and from this by means of the underfloor tube screw, the trough screw or the trough chain conveyor 7 transported.

For the ventilation of the bulk material via the telescopic tubes 3 and 4 At least one fan is required, which can be used as an exhaust fan or as a blowing fan. When the emptying of the bulk material has progressed and previously the ventilation channels 3 and 4 are removed, transports the sweep screw 8th during rotation, the residual material from the silo bottom 2 in the outlet 6 , From there, the remaining amount by means of the trough auger or the trough chain conveyor 7 from the silo 1 promoted.

• – Ausschneiden von Rundlöchern aus dem Silomantel mit einem größeren Durchmesser als der maximale Durchmesser des Teleskoprohres;
• – Einbau einer Platte mit einer flexiblen Dichtung, die folgende Funktionen hat:
• – Verhinderung des Austritts von Luft und Körner aus dem Silo 1;
• – Verhinderung einer unzulässigen Belastung der Silowand beim Herausziehen des Teleskoprohres bzw. wenn beim Herausziehen das Zugseil nicht exakt in Richtung des Teleskoprohres geführt ist;
• – Transport des Teleskoprohres zu der Öffnung an der Silowand;
• – Durchführen des ersten Segments des Teleskoprohres durch die Silowand;
• – Fegeschnecke 8 wird so ausgerichtet, dass sie parallel zu den Teleskoprohren 3, 4 liegt;
• – Einstieg des Betreibers über die Luke in das Silo;
• – Herausziehen des Teleskoprohres;
• – Befüllen des Silos 1;
• – Belüften bzw. Kühlen;
• – Entleerung des Silos 1 mittels eines Unterflurtrogkettenförderers 7 bzw. einer Unterflurrohrschnecke;
• – Herausziehen der Teleskoprohre mit Schlepper bzw. Seilwinde;
• – Restentleerung des Silos mit rotierender Fegeschnecke 8; und
• – Reinigen und Desinfektion des Silos.

The assembly of a round silo 1 , z. B. a round silo made of sheet steel, can be carried out as follows:

• - Cutting round holes from the silo mantle with a larger diameter than the maximum diameter of the telescopic tube;
• - Installation of a plate with a flexible seal, which has the following functions:
• - Preventing leakage of air and grains from the silo 1 ;
• - Preventing an impermissible load on the silo wall when pulling out the telescopic tube or when pulling out the pull rope is not performed exactly in the direction of the telescopic tube;
• - Transport of the telescopic tube to the opening on the silo wall;
• - Passing the first segment of the telescopic tube through the silo wall;
• - sweep screw 8th is aligned so that it is parallel to the telescopic tubes 3 . 4 lies;
• - Entry of the operator via the hatch into the silo;
• - Pulling out the telescopic tube;
• - filling the silo 1 ;
• - venting or cooling;
• - emptying the silo 1 by means of a Unterflurtrogkettenförderers 7 or an underfloor pipe screw;
• - Pulling out the telescopic tubes with tractor or winch;
• - Emptying of the silo with rotating sweeper screw 8th ; and
• - Cleaning and disinfecting the silo.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

round silo

2

silo

3

telescopic tube

4

telescopic tube

5

Silomantelwand

6

Hopper / outlet

7

Chain Conveyors

8th

sweep auger

9

Restmengengut

Claims (12)

Round silo ( 1 ) for bulk materials, in particular for cereals, with at least one on the horizontal silo bottom ( 2 ) arranged telescopic ventilation duct ( 3 . 4 ) with introduced into the wall air passage holes, wherein the ventilation channel ( 3 . 4 ) through an opening in the shell wall ( 5 ) of the round silo ( 1 ) completely removable on the silo floor ( 2 ), combined with a concentric in the round silo ( 1 ) mountable rotary screw ( 8th ) and one stationary in the silo bottom ( 2 ), underground trough slug or underfloor trough chain conveyor ( 7 ) for discharging the bulk material, which extends radially and in an opening or in a socket in the silo wall or the silo bottom ( 2 ), with the sweep ( 8th ) is mounted and controllable in such a way that it is only after the removal of the at least one ventilation channel ( 3 . 4 ) is in operation. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the round silo ( 1 ) is accessible and in the shell wall ( 5 ) a correspondingly formed door or hatch is provided with a flap which is locked by means of an electrically controlled lock system. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that fans used for ventilation pressure or suction are arranged. A round silo according to claim 3, characterized in that, when the fan is arranged on the suction side, the air from the silo ( 1 ) is sucked off at predetermined intervals at least for a short time and fed to a CO2 sensor for analyzing the CO2 content. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that when the CO2 content is exceeded via a user-settable reference value of the fan is automatically turned on and supplying air or suctioning Silogase and / or causes a control circuit to emit an audible or visual warning. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that depending on the detected CO2 content during the emptying and the residual emptying process by means of the sweeping screw ( 8th ) the lock system keeps the hatch door or hatch closed until the CO2 content falls below the set limit. Round silo ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, depending on the CO2 content, the suction of the silo air can be controlled or regulated by means of at least one fan. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation channel ( 3 ; 4 ) consists of a multi-part series of telescopically arranged channel segments, the one inside the other and on the silo floor ( 2 ) are displaceable and arranged from an opening in the jacket wall of the silo. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that above the ground ( 2 ) distributes one or more ventilation channels ( 3 . 4 ), the sweeping screw ( 8th ) are not tangent, arranged. Round silo according to claim 1, characterized in that the round silo ( 1 ) is a made of concrete, corrugated metal silo or a smooth wall silo made of sheet steel. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the silo ( 1 ) is at least for a short time sucked and a temperature sensor can be fed, which is installed in the suction port of the fan, which temperature sensor with the control device of the ventilation of the round silo ( 1 ), and in that the control device controls the fan in dependence on a defined temperature limit value in such a way that air can be sucked in for cooling by the bed. Round silo ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bulk material comprises free-flowing products such as cereals, grain legumes, oil seeds, coffee, feed, cocoa, wood chips and granules.

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