DE102014103952A1 - Apparatus and method for operating a gas turbine with direct feed of this gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a gas turbine, wherein a carburetor means a flowable fuel is generated, this flowable fuel is supplied to a combustion chamber and resulting in the combustion of this fuel flue gases are supplied to the gas turbine. According to the invention, the gasification device is a countercurrent gasifier to which at least partially solid fuels are fed for gasification.

Description

The present invention relates generally to the field of energy conversion. Corresponding methods and devices have long been known from the prior art. For example, it is known that a gas turbine is supplied by fuel gases and driven by them. The energy thus converted can, for example, be utilized as electrical energy. The gas turbine supplied gases can come from different combustion processes. Systems are also known in which, as part of a gasification, for example a solid fuel gasification, generated gases are generated and burned and fed to the gas turbine. Thus, the invention relates in particular to the operation of a gas turbine (as part of a Joule cycle) with solid fuels.

Gas turbines are nowadays usually operated with gaseous or liquid fuels. These fuels produce an exhaust gas in a form containing tolerable pollutant loads for gas turbines and, in particular, gas turbine expanders. However, liquid and gaseous fuels are expensive and, as in the case of fossil natural gas, global supplies are running out. Solid fuels, such as coal or solid biomass, are cheaper and, especially in the case of biomass, also sustainable. However, these fuels usually generate an exhaust gas, which contains pollutant loads for a gas turbine or an expander to an intolerable extent.

The concentration of dust must therefore be below a certain value in order to avoid erosion and deposits on the components of the gas turbine or the expander. The level of dust concentrations in the exhaust also depends on the ash content of the fuel as well as the combustion method used.

In addition, gaseous pollutants such as alkalis, sulfur compounds or chlorides can react in condensed form with the alloying elements of the expander. They can lead to erosion and / or failure of the components. In particular, such failure occurs well before the usual end of life. Such pollutants in the exhaust gas also come from trace elements in the fuel.

Solid fuels usually contain more contaminants that lead to dust and pollutants in the exhaust gas than liquid fuels. Thus, the treatment and removal of impurities for solid fuels is usually more expensive than for liquid and gaseous fuels. Many methods are known in the art which use solid fuels in a joule cycle. So far, however, none of these methods has prevailed on the market.

In the known solid combustion processes, which are used for example at atmospheric conditions for the production of flue gas, dust filters are used as well as depending on the quality of the fuel a separation stage for the gaseous pollutants from the hot exhaust gas. Applicant's prior art also discloses the use of low temperature separation techniques, such as washing, electrostatic precipitators, or membrane filters. However, these reduce the thermodynamic efficiency of the process and also increase the effort. Therefore, according to the internal state of the art of the Applicant, components which can deal with the dust and pollutant concentrations, for example heat exchangers in steam processes, are also partly used in the hot exhaust gas line. However, compliance with emission limits sometimes requires the use of dust filters, which are used in the cold exhaust system.

When operating one of the solid combustion processes under pressure, for example in a directly fired Joule cycle, the pollutants should be removed before the expander and thus at the highest possible temperature in order not to reduce the thermodynamic efficiency. The previously proposed methods employ a dust filter and / or a cyclone to remove the dust loads from the hot flue gas. For example, in the US 10 2011 012 0140 A1 proposed to burn ground biomass in a cyclone combustion chamber and then separate the ash in a likewise cyclonic part of the combustion chamber from the hot flue gases. However, it is questionable here whether the dust contents are suitable for the permanent operation of a gas turbine. Also, a corresponding hot gas cleaning is not yet known. Another possibility, already proposed in the internal state of the art of the Applicant, to operate a gas turbine with solid fuels, is the use of a high-temperature heat exchanger between the hot flue gas and the compressed air, ie a kind of indirect fired Joule process. The heat exchanger is designed to tolerate higher dust and pollutant concentrations than the gas turbine. The turbine is only charged with clean air. However, the cost of the heat exchanger, piping and fittings is high, since gas temperatures are used, which are above 1000 ° C and occur at high pressures. In addition, the heat exchanger must have a high efficiency to not to overly reduce the overall efficiency of the process.

Furthermore, methods are known from the prior art, which convert the solid fuels, such as coal, into a gaseous state (gasification) and use this gas in a directly fired Joule process. So it is from the US 5 272 866 A It is known that after a pressure gasification, the fuel gases produced are cleaned in a cyclone and a dust filter before they are burned in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. However, these methods require high investment costs.

It would be possible that the gasification takes place under pressure, or at atmospheric conditions. The former method requires more effort for the compression of the product gas. For compression, the fuel gas produced must be cooled, resulting in a loss of efficiency and it would have to be further freed from tars to avoid deposits, for example, in the compressor.

The cleaning of dust and gaseous pollutants takes place partly in the product gas. The known from the prior art gasification processes for use in the Joule cycle, such as fluidized bed process, have the property that the product gas is formed with a high for the expander too high concentration of dust and gaseous pollutants at high temperatures and thus similar problems in the Cleaning are available as in the combustion process.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of operating a gas turbine and preferably also economically with solid fuels, such as biomass, and thereby also comply with the legally prescribed emission levels.

These objects are achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

In a method according to the invention for operating a gas turbine, a flowable fuel is produced by means of a carburettor device and this flowable fuel is supplied to a combustion chamber. Furthermore, resulting in the combustion of this fuel resulting flue gases of the gas turbine. According to the invention, the gasifier device is a countercurrent gasifier, at least partially solid fuels being supplied for gasification.

The flowable fuel is preferably a liquid and / or gaseous fuel. Also, the fuel may have both liquid and gaseous components.

It is therefore proposed that initially a gasification device which is designed as a countercurrent gasifier, solid fuels and in particular biomass are supplied. Thus, the combination of a countercurrent gasifier and a combustion chamber is proposed here. By this combination, dust levels in the exhaust gas can be achieved, which are below the legal requirements even without a dust filter. This result is also achieved by the low gas velocities in the carburetor and in particular the headspace of a carburettor. In addition, this result can also be achieved by a water-tar mist in the headspace of the carburetor, which condenses on dust particles and thus the dust at the outlet into the product gas line, i. prevents the fuel line. Advantageously, the flowable fuel is thus a gaseous fuel and, in particular, the product gas of a gasification process.

The product gas from the gasification device is advantageously carried out at a temperature of less than 250.degree. C., preferably of less than 200.degree. C. and more preferably of less than 170.degree. Thus, it is proposed here to directly fire the gas turbine with solid fuels (more precisely with product gas from a gasification of these fuels), wherein advantageously the furnace is constructed under pressure in at least two stages and more preferably no cleaning stage is used. By dispensing with the purification stage, on the one hand, the costs for the process can be reduced and, on the other hand, the efficiency can also be increased.

The first stage, as mentioned above, is in particular a countercurrent gasifier which almost completely separates the inorganic constituents of the fuel, such as ash and dust, and the gaseous pollutants. For this reason, purification of the product gas (i.e., the fuel) from the countercurrent gasifier is not necessary. The subsequent combustion stage leads to an exhaust gas or flue gas, which is suitable for the operation of a gas turbine. Preferably, the combustion takes place in the combustion chamber flameless, in particular to prevent the formation of NOx compounds. In particular, a fuel or air grading and long residence times provide for stable combustion, complete burnout and also emissions of greenhouse gases that are below the legal limits.

Preference is given to combustion of the combustible mixture of gases, liquids and aerosols.

In a preferred method, air is compressed in a compressor (for example in the compressor of the turbine) with mechanical energy. Preferably, a partial flow of this compressed air is also supplied to the gasification device and preferably converts the solid fuel into a mixture of liquid and gaseous substances.

Advantageously, in the gasifier, the solid fuel is transferred to the countercurrent gasification process in a gaseous and liquid state. The product gas from this gasification stage is preferably saturated with water vapor. In other words, preferably the resulting flowable fuel is saturated with a liquid vapor, which is in particular water vapor. The liquid phase preferably consists of pyrolysis tarns and condensed water. However, due to the low gas velocities, only a part of the dust contained in the biomass can be discharged from the gasifier. In addition, the condensation of water vapor on the dust particles that takes place increases their weight and thus makes it more difficult to escape.

The gaseous pollutants from the rising product gas condense favorably at the low product gas temperatures (which are, for example, below 170 ° C) and remain to a large extent in the carburetor. Preferably, the flowable fuel is thus supplied to the combustion chamber without being cleaned. Because - as mentioned above - the pollutants remain predominantly in the carburetor, further purification of the product gas is not required.

Advantageously, flue gases of the gas turbine arising in the combustion chamber are also supplied untreated. This can be achieved in particular as a consequence of the above-mentioned flameless combustion.

Advantageously, water vapor is introduced into the carburettor device. In addition to water vapor, however, other liquid media could be used, in particular water-containing mixtures. Advantageously, the flowable fuel is saturated with water vapor.

The moisture necessary for the saturation of the product gas with water vapor can originate, for example, either from the solid fuel itself, from a humidification of the solid fuel with water or also from an injection of water into a region of the carburettor device and in particular a headspace of the countercurrent carburettor. In addition, it would also be possible to introduce water or steam into the product gas line. This water vapor mass flow in the product gas also leads to an increase in the power of the gas turbine. It would also be possible to combine the different approaches to supplying water or water vapor and to supply water in several of the above areas, for example, both the fuel itself and the headspace of the carburetor or even both the headspace of the carburetor and the exiting product gas. The person skilled in the art recognizes that the four possibilities proposed above for supplying water can be combined in any desired manner so that, for example, a virtually sufficient water content originally present in the biomass can be combined with a further, still small, water vapor feed into the headspace of the carburettor device.

As mentioned above, the carburettor device is advantageously supplied with a solid fuel, which in particular in the case of this solid fuel is biomass. Thus, the solid fuel may include components such as grasses, straw, wood and the like. In addition, biomass can also be used in a brewery or winery to produce biological waste such as grape or pomace.

In a further advantageous method, the combustion of the flowable fuel in the combustion chamber is carried out at temperatures of more than 800 ° C. The combustion reaction is advantageously optimized so that the liquid phase completely burns out in the product gas. This is achieved on the one hand by the high temperatures of preferably more than 800 ° C and on the other hand by very long residence times in the combustion chamber, in particular residence times of more than 1s. The formation of harmful nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, in particular from the nitrogen contained in the fuel (fuel-NOx) is advantageously countered with the above-mentioned staged combustion. For this purpose, the combustion chambers advantageously have at least two zones. In a particularly preferred manner, in a first zone of the combustion chamber, when the product gas is largely and preferably completely added and only a partial addition of the air stream is used, a substoichiometric reaction is produced which prefers the formation of harmless nitrogen.

Preferably, in a further zone of the combustion chamber then the remaining air flow is added and also ensured the complete burn-out.

Air temperatures of more than 300.degree. C., preferably of more than 400.degree. C. and preferably of more than 450.degree. C., are advantageously used to make the use of the concept of volumetric combustion (which is also called flameless oxidation) meaningful. In this case, preferably no defined flame is generated, but the combustion reactions take place due to a good mixing in the entire combustion chamber. In this way, temperature peaks in the flame can be prevented and so can the formation of nitrogen oxides due to these high temperatures (thermal NOx).

In an advantageous method, the combustion chamber is supplied with a fuel to be burned. Furthermore, the combustion chamber, a further Oxdiator and in particular air is supplied.

According to the invention, the entry of a first part of the oxidizer takes place in a first region of the combustion chamber, so that there are substoichiometric conditions in which this first part is mixed with the gases formed during combustion, and a second portion of the oxidizer is preferably in a second region fed to the combustion chamber.

Preferably, this second part is supplied in such a way that the fuel thereby completely reacts off.

In the staged combustion described here, the combustion is carried out in a plurality of locally separate zones of a burner or a combustion chamber. This is achieved in that the entry or injection of the fuel and / or the oxidizer takes place in at least two temporally and / or locally offset steps or stages. This causes a delayed combustion and lower combustion temperatures. Since NOx formation is favored especially at high temperatures, this measure leads to lower NOx emissions. It should be mentioned that this goal represents a commonality of all applied principles.

It is possible that the fuel initially in a primary combustion chamber in a (particularly rich) mixture substoichiometrically burns with 60% to 90% of the oxygen necessary for complete conversion. This prevents the formation of NOx, since N-containing fuels such as e.g. NH3 or HCN in particular react at high oxygen excess numbers to toxic NOx, while this is substoichiometrically strongly suppressed. Only in a second, preferably downwardly directed combustion chamber, the complete combustion is realized. In addition, however, three or more combustion chambers can also be provided. In the second combustion chamber is preferably not burned under stoichiometric conditions.

In another possible method, the fuel supply is divided into a main flow and several secondary streams, so that form due to the then special flame geometry areas in which the NOx formation is reduced.

In a further preferred method, at least a portion of the resulting exhaust gas is recirculated, in particular thus fed back to the combustion chamber. Combustion systems that use exhaust gas recirculation feed some of the combusted gases back into the combustion zone. On the one hand, this causes a reduction in the nitrogen concentration and on the other hand, the flue gases act as an inert gas and dilute the oxygen and, consequently, the combustion temperature.

The exhaust gas can either be sucked back from the combustion chamber in terms of flow (internal recirculation) or supplied from the outside by means of separate feeds (external recirculation). This method is particularly useful when the combustion air, e.g. to increase the efficiency, preheated. Preferably, exhaust gas recirculation is combined with staged combustion or flameless oxidation to improve NOx reduction.

In a further advantageous method, a temperature of the mixture of the first part and the gases formed during the combustion is above the ignition temperature of the fuel.

In a further advantageous method, the reaction of the fuel in at least one part of the combustion chamber is flameless. Particularly preferably, the reaction of the fuel in the entire combustion chamber is flameless.

In the principle of flameless oxidation, the combustion does not take place in a defined reaction front or in a flame but preferably distributed homogeneously in the entire combustion chamber. As a result, the usual local flame temperature peaks are avoided in the range of 1600 ° C to 2000 ° C and significantly reduces the thermal NOx formation.

In a further preferred method, the combustion air, which is particularly preferably still preheated, and the fuel is fed separately and particularly preferably at high speeds into the burner.

In a further preferred method, the recirculated flue gases with preheated oxidizer mixed, wherein the average temperature of the preheated oxidizer and the resulting gas during combustion is above the ignition temperature of the fuel. The supplied gases are then contacted with the fuel in an oxidation zone in which the combustion is preferably substantially flameless.

For the purpose of saving energy, the process also works advantageously with very high exhaust gas recirculation rates. The oxidizer is preferably introduced into the combustion chamber in such a way that the oxidizer is enveloped and mixed by the injector action with the flue gases sucked from the combustion chamber. In this case, flow rates of at least 20 m / s are preferably used.

In addition, it is also possible that due to the special design of the oxidizer and fuel nozzles in the combustion chamber local areas arise with substoichiometric combustion conditions in which the nitrogen in the fuel does not react to NOx but to harmless N2.

Advantageously, the two areas of the combustion chamber, in which the parts of the oxidizer are supplied, spaced from each other. Preferably, the first portion of the oxidizer is supplied to the combustion chamber together with the fuel.

In a further preferred method, the volume fractions of the oxidizer, which are supplied via the two regions, differ from each other. Thus, it is possible that a smaller proportion of the gas is added to the fuel in a first region of the combustion chamber and a larger proportion of the gas in a second region of the combustion chamber. This lower proportion can be added first in time. It would also be possible for this smaller proportion to be admixed in a higher area of the combustion chamber.

In a further advantageous method, at least a portion of the gas is supplied at a temperature which is greater than 200 ° C, preferably greater than 400 ° C and preferably greater than 600 ° C.

Advantageously, a sub-stoichiometric zone can be formed in a first region of the combustion chamber, in particular in an upper region of the combustion chamber. Preferably, a further part and preferably a larger part of the oxidizer is then mixed in a different area of the combustion chamber and preferably in a region of the combustion chamber which lies deeper in relation to the first area. This suggests a significant reduction in fuel-NOx emissions.

Advantageously, the first supply (or the supply of the first part) takes place at stoichiometries between 0.2 and 0.9, preferably 0.4 and 0.9, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.9 and particularly preferably between 0, 7 and 0.8. At stoichiometries between 0.7 and 0.8 hardly NOx is formed, but harmless N2. A zone in the combustion chamber with the stoichiometries mentioned therefore considerably reduces NOx emissions.

In a further preferred method, at least a portion of the flue gas formed during the combustion is first removed from the combustion chamber and preferably returned to the combustion chamber.

Preferably, the fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber at a high flow rate. In a further preferred method, the combustion air is also supplied to the combustion chamber at a high flow rate. In a further advantageous method, the fuel chamber and the combustion air are supplied separately to the combustion chamber.

In a further advantageous method, the fuel is obtained by a gasification process.

In a further preferred method, the supply and / or injection of water and / or steam takes place in a predetermined process step, this process step is selected from a group of process steps, which transport the fuel into the carburetor, transporting the flowable fuel from the Carburettor to the combustion chamber, an injection of the fuel into the combustion chamber and / or a transport of the hot air to the combustion chamber included. Also, water or steam could be added to other areas of the process. So it would be possible, for example, to saturate the intake air with water, so as to increase the mass flow and thus the power generated. Evaporation of water droplets in the compressor of the gas turbine (so-called wet compression) increases the power generated below the electrical efficiency of the process, since the mechanical energy required for compression is reduced. The two injections before the compressor could be used at an ambient temperature well above 0 ° C, especially to prevent icing in the compressor.

Also, the injection or supply of water and / or water vapor in the compressed Air to the gasifier could increase the mass flow and also serve to control the temperature in the oxidation zone of the countercurrent gasifier.

The already mentioned above injection of water into the headspace of the carburetor and / or in a conduit means, such as a pipeline between the carburetor and the combustion chamber, as well as a humidification of the fuel, can serve as a dust scrubber and lead to a condensation of the gaseous pollutants. In addition, the injection can increase the mass flow on the expander and the power generated thereby.

In a further advantageous method, a recuperator or generally a heat exchanger is used. The use of such a recuperator depends on the intended use of the turbine gas. If the turbine gases are to be used for heat generation or downstream power generation, for example in a Clausius-Rankine cycle, preferably no recuperator is used. If the energy of the turbine exhaust gases is not or only partially used by a separate process, a recuperator can be used to increase the efficiency of this process. When using a recuperator, a turbine pressure ratio is preferably used which is less than 15, preferably less than 12 and particularly preferably less than 10, since otherwise the compressor outlet temperatures can become too high and in this way the recuperator can return little energy to the process.

Preferably, a mixture of the gasifier (i.e., product gas) and the expander (air) reacts in the combustion chamber to produce a hot flue gas. Furthermore, an injection of water or steam in the pipeline is conceivable, which leads from the expander to a recuperator. In this way, the mass flow can be increased at the expander and thus also the power generated. In this way, the efficiency of the process can be increased because the Rekuperationswirkungsgrad is increased.

An injection into the burners or the combustion chamber of water and / or water vapor can also increase the mass flow on the expander and thus also the power generated.

Furthermore, it would be conceivable both to carry out the carburettor device and the combustion chamber as separate or separate apparatuses or else as a combined device. Advantageously, a connecting line between the carburettor device and the combustion chamber is designed such that the liquid phase of the product medium can run either into the carburettor device or into the combustion chamber. This can be done by a corresponding inclination of this connection line. In addition, however, pump elements could also be provided.

The present invention is further directed to an apparatus for operating a gas turbine. This device has a carburetor device which is suitable and intended to gasify at least one solid fuel to a flowable fuel. Furthermore, the device has a supply line or feed device which supplies the flowable fuel to a combustion chamber. Furthermore, a (discharge) line is provided, which supplies the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber resulting combustion gases of the gas turbine.

According to the invention, the gasifier device is a countercurrent gasifier. As already mentioned above, the use of a countercurrent gasifier has the advantage that a large number of pollutants, such as tars, does not even exit the gasifier, but remains within the gasifier. In this way, also on the carburetor downstream cleaning facilities can be dispensed with. Preferably, therefore, the combustion gases of the gas turbine are supplied without the use of devices for purifying the combustion gases. By dispensing with such cleaning devices, such as dust filters or cyclones, the overall efficiency of a corresponding process can be increased. Furthermore, costs can also be saved.

In the prior art, it has hitherto been assumed that such cleaning devices are indispensable. The Applicant has discovered, however, that the use of a countercurrent carburettor proposed here offers a possibility to dispense with such downstream cleaning devices.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has at least one water and / or steam supply device which supplies water to the flowable fuel. In this case, this water supply can be done before the supply of fuel to the carburetor, the water supply can be done within the carburetor and also within a headspace of this carburetor. Furthermore, a water supply device can be provided which supplies the fuel produced in the gasification device water and / or water gas. Also could be a feeder be provided, which supplies the combustion chamber water and / or water vapor.

In addition, a water supply device may be provided, which supplies the water supplied to the carburetor water and / or water vapor. Advantageously, the combustion chamber is designed such that it allows a two-stage combustion process.

In addition, a plurality of line connections may be provided to supply the fuel to the combustion chamber. Thus, for example, the liquid and gaseous constituents of the fuel can be supplied to the combustion chamber in separate lines. In this case, a pump device can be added to support the flowability of the liquid component.

Advantageously, the device has a second supply line, at least partially separated from the first supply line, in order to supply an oxidizer to the combustion chamber in a further region of the combustion chamber.

Preferably, the first supply line opens into a first third of the combustion chamber in this combustion chamber. In a further preferred embodiment, the second supply line opens into a lower or a middle third of the combustion chamber in this combustion chamber. In a further advantageous embodiment, separating elements are provided within this combustion chamber, which delimits the region in which the first supply line opens at least partially (structurally) from that region into which the second supply line discharges.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a valve device for controlling the supply of the oxidizer is provided in at least one of the supply lines.

In a preferred method, the volume fractions of the oxidizer which is supplied via the two regions differ.

Further advantages and embodiments will become apparent from the attached drawing:

Showing:

1 a block diagram-like representation of a device according to the invention.

1 shows a block diagram-like representation of a device according to the invention 1 for power / heat generation. This device 1 has a carburettor device 200 on, which is a countercurrent gasifier such as a fixed-bed countercurrent gasifier. Through this carburetor device 200 recovered product gas is supplied via a supply line 302 a combustion chamber 300 fed. In this combustion chamber, a preferably flame-free combustion of this product gas takes place, and the resulting flue gases are conducted via a connecting line 402 a gas turbine or an expander 400 fed. On the one hand, the mechanical energy thus obtained can be applied to a generator 700 be guided and serve on the other hand, by means of a compressor 100 in turn to compress air.

The reference number 14 indicates an air supply. This air intake flow can via a water supply device 10 be subjected to water and / or water vapor. Furthermore, the air can flow through a connecting line 212 the above-mentioned compressor 100 be supplied. It is also possible that the air supplied to the compressor again liquid and especially water via a feeder 20 is supplied. The reference number 16 indicates a supply of water, wherein - as described in more detail below - can be supplied at different locations of the device. In this case, the reference numerals 52 and 54 adjustable valves, each of which can control the amount of water that the water supply 10 or 20 be supplied.

The compressed air flow from the compressor can be via a connecting line 214 and another connection line 208 the carburetor device 200 be supplied. Again, there is a water supply 120 provided, the water supply in turn via a controllable valve 56 can be regulated. As mentioned above, the hot gas hits the combustion chamber 300 on the expander 400 , The reference number 76 indicates another valve which the air supply to the carburetor device 300 controls.

As mentioned above, this expander generates mechanical energy. A turbine exhaust can partially recycle the heat in a recuperator 500 deliver to the combustion air and / or to a heat exchanger 600 which is connected to a heating network or a downstream steam turbine cycle. The reference number 24 indicates accordingly a return for a heat network and the reference numeral 22 a supply for the heating network. The reference number 26 indicates a flue gas discharge.

From a fuel stock 12 The fuel can go directly to the carburetor 200 be supplied. Again, at several points again a supply of water and / or steam is possible. So can via a feeder 240 directly to the fuel moisture or Water are supplied. The supply quantity can be via a controllable valve 66 be managed. Furthermore, the carburettor device or the headspace of the carburettor device can also be provided via a water supply device 220 Water are supplied. Again, this can be a controllable valve 58 be provided. In addition, water can also the combustion process via a connecting line 260 be supplied. Via a corresponding controllable valve 62 Here too, the water supply can be controlled.

The reference number 74 indicates another valve that allows the supply of compressed air from the compressor 100 also a fuel element can be fed. In addition, can also have a line 304 and a valve 72 the compressed air is supplied in a further stage of the combustion chamber. As stated above, the combustion chamber is advantageously designed in two stages, ie the air is advantageously both via the line 306 for a stoichiometric combustion as well as over the pipe 304 for the then complete combustion of the fuel allows. This is advantageous the combustion chamber 300 built up at least two stages.

Furthermore, it would be possible only one of the lines 304 or 306 to use for the supply of combustion air. Furthermore, the supply of air into the combustion device 300 not alone on the two lines 304 and 306 limited. It can also be used a further third line or even more lines, which in the sense of clarity not in the 1 are shown. In addition, control devices can be provided which regulate the supply of combustion air.

In addition, there is generally the possibility of the flowable fuel from the gasification device 200 in several lines of the combustion device 300 supply to realize a local and temporal staging of the fuel supply. It would be possible to supply the fuel to the combustion device at different positions of the combustion device.

This grading serves the purpose of reducing NO emissions even further .. Even that from the compressor 100 the gas supplied to the combustion chamber can be supplied with water via a water supply device 160 be enriched. The reference number 64 indicates a corresponding controllable valve.

Overall, a two-stage process is thus proposed in the context of the invention, namely a gasification and a subsequent combustion. After the gasification, a product gas saturated with water vapor is advantageously produced. Advantageously, the gasification and / or the combustion under pressure, i. under a pressure of, for example, greater than 0.5 bar. As mentioned, staged combustion is proposed to avoid NOx emissions. Entry of the moisture into the product gas can take place individually or in several stages, for example via the supply of a moist solid fuel, via the moistening of a dry solid fuel, via the injection into a drying stage in the gasification stage and / or via injection into a product gas line.

Overall, can be advantageous to dispense with both a device for cleaning and / or cooling the combustible medium between the gasification stage and the combustion chamber stage as preferred also to a device for cleaning the flue gas to the combustion chamber and in front of the expander. Preferably, a combustion of a combustible mixture of gases, liquids and aerosols possibly also takes place in an external combustion chamber. The reference number 18 indicates an ash discharge from the carburetor device.

All disclosed in the application documents features are claimed as essential to the invention, provided they are new individually or in combination over the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

10

water supply

12

fuel supply

14

air supply

16

water storage

18

Aschau support

20

(Water) supply device

22

Flow (for a heating network)

24

Return (for a heating network)

26

Flue gas extraction

52, 54, 58, 64

adjustable valve

56, 62, 72, 74, 76

Valve

100

compressor

120

water supply

160

water supply

200

carburetor facility

212

connecting line

220

water supply

240

feeding

260

connecting line

300

combustion chamber

302

Supply / discharge line

304

management

306

management

400

Gas turbine / expander

402

connecting line

500

recuperator

600

heat exchangers

700

generator

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 1020110120140 A1 [0007]
• US 5272866 A [0008]

Claims (12)

Method for operating a gas turbine ( 400 ), wherein with a carburetor device ( 200 ) a flowable fuel is generated, this flowable fuel of a combustion chamber ( 300 ) is supplied and resulting from the combustion of this fuel flue gases of the gas turbine ( 400 ), characterized in that the carburettor device ( 200 ) is a countercurrent gasifier to which at least partially solid fuels are fed for gasification. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable fuel is saturated with a liquid vapor. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flowable fuel is not cleaned the combustion chamber ( 300 ) is supplied. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the combustion chamber ( 300 ) arising flue gases of the gas turbine are supplied unpurified. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the carburetor device ( 200 ) Water vapor is introduced. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carburettor device is fed to a solid fuel. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion of the flowable fuel in the combustion chamber ( 300 ) is carried out at temperatures of more than 800 ° C. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the combustion chamber ( 300 ) a multi-stage combustion takes place. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an injection of water and / or water vapor is carried out at a predetermined process step, wherein this process step is selected from a group of process steps, which transport the fuel into the carburetor device 200 , a transport of the flowable fuel from the carburetor to the combustion chamber, an injection of the fuel into the combustion chamber ( 300 ), and / or contains a transport of hot air to the combustion chamber. Contraption ( 1 ) for operating a gas turbine ( 400 ) with a gasification device, which is suitable and intended to gasify at least one solid fuel to a flowable fuel, with a supply line ( 402 ), which the flowable fuel of a combustion chamber ( 300 ) and with a discharge line ( 302 ), which feeds combustion gases of the gas turbine resulting from combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber, characterized in that the gasification device is a countercurrent gasifier. Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the supply line ( 402 ) supplies the combustible fuel to the combustible fuel without the use of devices for purifying the fuel. Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the discharge line ( 302 ) supplies the combustion gases of the gas turbine without the use of devices for purifying the combustion gases.

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