DE102014007783A1 - Process for compaction of hot asphalt. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention describes a method for optimized compaction of soil layers. At geodetically measured guidelines lanes of compaction machines are oriented. These can be planned in advance or defined and also corrected during the compression operation. The aim is to create the lanes and the recipes with work instructions in such a way that the required degree of compaction is achieved over the entire area. The recipes include driving speeds to be respected, vibration frequencies or vibration amplitudes. The entire calculated number of lanes is distributed to the operation with multiple compaction machines, so that each of these machines within a defined zone processes a part of the recipes.

Description

State of the art (StdT)

Asphalt is applied to a substrate by a paver while hot.

The hot bituminous mixture at this time still has cavities, which must be largely minimized by subsequent compression. Only after this minimization of the void content and thus increase the density of the asphalt has the required physical properties for road construction, for example, carrying capacity or impermeability to water.

Hot asphalt can only be compacted in a defined temperature range. This is material-specific and is in the range of about 80 ° C to about 160 ° C. This means that it is necessary that all compaction work on the mix be carried out in a time window, which is passed through during the cooling process.

Furthermore, the entire compaction process in the installation direction moves with the speed of the paver. Since the incorporated mix cools strongly after installation, its temperature decreases with the distance to the moving compressor. Especially in cold weather or thin asphalt layers, this time is very short, so that several machines working in conjunction must condense an area at the same time.

The machine operator tries optimally to descend the hot surface evenly with the required number of passes before the minimum temperature has fallen below.

• – in den Ansprüchen 12 bis 16 wird eine Mindestbodenverdichterüberfahrtenzahl n beschrieben, welche sicherstellt, dass die gesamte Bereichsbreite vom linken bis zum rechten Rand mit einer einzigen einer Walzenüberfahrt an jedem Punkt abgedeckt wird. Dies wird durch die angeführten Formeln verdeutlicht. Es findet keine Berücksichtigung, wie oft ein beliebiger Punkt insgesamt mindestens von einer Walze überfahren werden muss, um letztendlich eine gefordertes Maß an Verdichtung zu erzielen.
• – Es existiert kein Bezug auf die von den Maschinen einzubringende Verdichtungsenergie.
• – Die zitierte Patentschrift beschreibt kein Verfahren oder Mittel, wie die Maschinen geometrisch geführt werden sollen. Eine Leitlinie oder vergleichbares ist nicht enthalten.
• – In den Ansprüchen 4 bis 7 wird ein Überlappungsmaß gefordert. Dies ist gemäß der hier beschriebenen Erfindung nicht erforderlich.

In the published patent application DE 10 2012 205 554 A1 "Method for planning and execution of soil compaction processes, in particular for asphalt compaction", the following criteria are described, which illustrate the independence of the newly formulated patent specification:

• Claims 12 to 16 describe a minimum ground clearance cross number n which ensures that the entire area width is covered from the left to the right margin with a single one roll pass at each point. This is illustrated by the formulas given. It does not take into account how many times an arbitrary point in total has to be run over by at least one roller in order ultimately to achieve a required degree of compaction.
• - There is no relation to the compaction energy to be introduced by the machines.
• - The cited patent does not describe a method or means how the machines are to be guided geometrically. A guideline or equivalent is not included.
• - In the claims 4 to 7 an overlap measure is required. This is not required according to the invention described herein.

problem

The spatial orientation options available to the machine operator are limited to the road edges and the preceding paver. The already worn tracks are hardly or not at all visible in the asphalt so that no orientation within the area is possible for the operator. This currently leads to very large irregularities in the surface asphalt compaction. Some places, especially the roadside, are often under-compacted, while the middle areas are often too much.

To optimally compact hot asphalt, it must be ensured that any patches are compacted from work steps in accordance with a defined procedure. For example, the first and second roller crossing in very hot asphalt without vibrating bandages should be done, the third and fourth crossing with already slightly cooled ground with vibration and high amplitude setting. The compaction process based on such a recipe along reproducible lanes is currently not possible. The problem is even greater when several machines together condense an asphalt surface. The compaction tracks carried out by the other machines are hardly comprehensible to the machine operator, so that an effective division of work between several soil compaction machines is not possible.

the solution of the problem

This invention makes it possible to plan lanes in such a way that any surface piece with at least a minimum (N_min) and not more than a maximum number of passes (N_max) is run over by one or more compacting machines. According to 2 become the traces ( 5 ) between the work area boundaries ( 4 ) (eg, left and right edges of the asphalt surface) are designed so that these requirements are met. This results in a total amount (Spur.Gesamt) of lanes, which describes the sum of all required compression crossings of all participating machines over the working area width.

Each of these tracks are pre-assigned recipes, which contain compression-relevant parameters. These include, among other things, the driving speeds or the switching on and off of vibration mechanisms with their frequencies and amplitudes. The lanes are each assigned to a machine. All necessary for the compaction process tracks can be distributed to several compaction machines. The machines are according to 1 during the compaction work along these tracks ( 5 ) guided. The tracks are based on one or more guidelines ( 3 ), which in turn at the area boundaries ( 4 ) are aligned. The guidelines are based on location coordinates that are traceable via a surveying system such as GPS or GNSS.

Example according to FIG. 2:

An asphalt surface with a defined width is compacted with 13 crossing lanes. These tracks are distributed on two machines A and B: - Traces machine A: 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13 - Traces Machine B: 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11

A preferred embodiment of the invention

• describes the methods according to the invention for planning and implementing a soil compaction measure in hot asphalt, as it can be used in road construction.

• – Verdichtungsleistung der Maschinen
• – Verdichtungsverhalten der Asphaltsorte
• – goemetrischen Maße der Verdichter; speziell die Arbeitsbreiten Witterung während während der Verdichtungsmaßnahme.

First, rolls are determined for the construction project. To determine the number of passes required for the compaction process, the following information is required:

• - Compaction performance of the machines
• - Compaction behavior of the Asphaltsorte
• - goemetric dimensions of the compressors; especially the working widths weathering during the compaction measure.

From this information it is determined how often the machines have to drive over or compress any surface and which machine settings (frequencies, amplitudes, travel speeds ...) are to be selected for the individual crossings. These machine settings describe the recipe used during compaction for each passing lane.

Another step is the creation of a guideline ( 3 ). This is ideally done prior to paving by a machine equipped with a geo-coordinate measuring system (GPS / GNSS or similar). The machine ( 2 ) moves flush or at least at a traceable distance to the planned mounting edge ( 4 ) along the entire asphalted track. At certain intervals, measuring points with location coordinates are recorded during this trip. After completion of the test drive, a mathematical description of the line marked in this way is created via the recorded points. This line is the guideline ( 3 ), on which the lanes of the rollers are oriented when compacting in the area. According to the width of the area to be compacted and the working widths of the machines involved, roll crossings ( 5 ) is planned so that a minimum required pass number is ensured at any position of the area to be compacted.

Each machine receives at least at the beginning of an order with the compaction crossings to be performed for them. These compression crossings must be carried out as exactly as possible at the calculated distance from the guideline. Furthermore, each crossing must be carried out according to a recipe at previously planned setting parameters (frequencies, amplitudes, travel speeds ...).

During the compaction operation, each participating machine is equipped with a geo-coordinate measuring system (GPS / GNSS etc.). An installed computer can at any time calculate differences between a calculated setpoint lane and the currently traveled lane and, if necessary, pass on deviations to the operator, who can then adapt his lane and compensate for the differences. Further, instructions are given to the operator for each lane in accordance with the planned recipe, which determine the compaction characteristics of the machine (frequencies, amplitudes, travel speeds ...). The reversing points at which the machines each change their direction of travel are calculated during the processing time depending on the temperature of the asphalt and reported to the operator.

If the machine is steered by an arithmetic unit without operator assistance, the instructions or corrections of this are to be implemented.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

pavers

2

Roller or compacting machine

3

Guideline

4

Working range limitation

5

lane

N_min

Minimum number of crossings over any area

n_max

Maximum number of crossings over any area

Track.Machine A

Crossings of a compacting machine A between the working area boundaries

Track.Machine B

Crossings of a compaction machine B between the working area boundaries

Spur.Gesamt

Crossings of all compaction machines between the working area limits

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102012205554 A1 [0006]

Claims (10)

The object is solved by the devices and methods as described in the following claims. 1. A method for planning and implementation of soil compaction processes, in particular for asphalt compaction, characterized in that a defined by at least one guideline ground area is compacted according to a defined for each lane recipe with at least one compaction machine. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one zone boundary is detected by at least one method (eg., Departure by a roller, walking through a pedestrian or any other analytical method) before the actual compression process from which the at least one guideline is formed via a calculation rule. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one paver incorporating the material itself detects the working area limitations and calculates from these the at least one guideline. Method according to the above claims, characterized in that at least one guideline and a work area boundary, z. B. right and / or left edge of the road can be. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of passes over any portion in a required interval, which is set in advance or adapted during the compression operation. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at each crossing N, the machine setting according to a defined recipe of soil-influencing parameters such. B. - Driving speed - Compression mode (vibration, oscillation, static, rubber wheel) - Vibration frequency of the compressor - Vibration amplitude of the compressor - Crab shift - Edge cutting or pressing edges - Splitter scatter occurs. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a machine can change the order of the planned and predetermined tracks according to defined rules. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the machine operator receives instructions and information about any optical and / or acoustic information medium in order to steer the machine according to the lane planning correctly on a planned route. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that several networked machines share the defined and processed in total tracks and each machine executes a subset. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of necessary for correct compression passes is calculated in advance from a function of defined compressibility properties of the hot asphalt and track-based recipe parameters.

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