DE102014007681A1 - Valve train for two-stroke engines with combustion air injection and cylinder extraction - Google Patents

Valve train for two-stroke engines with combustion air injection and cylinder extraction Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102014007681A1
DE102014007681A1 DE102014007681.4A DE102014007681A DE102014007681A1 DE 102014007681 A1 DE102014007681 A1 DE 102014007681A1 DE 102014007681 A DE102014007681 A DE 102014007681A DE 102014007681 A1 DE102014007681 A1 DE 102014007681A1
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Prior art keywords
cam
camshaft
primary
valve
combustion air
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DE102014007681.4A
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German (de)
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Anmelder Gleich
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/36—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle
    • F01L1/38—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle for engines with other than four-stroke cycle, e.g. with two-stroke cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

Die Neuerung betrifft ein Ventiltrieb für Zweitaktmotoren mit Verbrennungslufteinblasung und Zylinderabsaugung. Das Öffnen und Schließen der Ventile wird durch die von der Kurbelwelle des Motors angetriebene Nockenwelle bewirkt. Auf der Nockenwelle sind die Primärnocken angeordnet. Durch die geringe Nockenhöhe wird der Steuerwinkel auf ca. 60°KW verkürzt. Mit Kopplung eines Sekundärnockenrades, welches im Schlepphebel, Kipphebel oder Führungsstößel gelagert ist, vergrößert sich beim Aufeinanderablaufen der Nocken, zusammen mit dem Übersetzungsverhältnis von Schlepp- oder Kipphebel, der Ventilhub auf die im Motorenbau üblichen ca. 25% des Ventildurchmessers. Um die Einhaltung der Steuerzeiten zu gewährleisten, sind die Laufflächen von Primärnocken und Sekundärnockenrad umlaufend verzahnt. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis von Kurbelwelle zur Nockenwelle beträgt 1:1 und das von der Nockenwelle zum Sekundärnockenrad 1:2. Bei 1:2 Übersetzung muss im Grundkreis des Primärnockens, 180° gegenüber dem Primärnocken, ein Nockental für ein Durchlaufen des Sekundärnockens vorhanden sein. Dieses Nockental ist konstruktiv erforderlich, um einen ungewollten Ventilhub außerhalb der Steuerzeiten zu verhindern.The innovation relates to a valve train for two-stroke engines with combustion air injection and cylinder extraction. The opening and closing of the valves is effected by the camshaft driven by the crankshaft of the engine. On the camshaft, the primary cam are arranged. Due to the low cam height, the control angle is shortened to approx. 60 ° KW. With the coupling of a secondary cam wheel, which is mounted in the cam follower, rocker arm or guide tappet, when the cams run together, together with the gear ratio of towing or rocker arm, the valve lift increases to about 25% of the valve diameter which is usual in engine construction. In order to ensure compliance with the timing, the running surfaces of the primary cam and the secondary cam gear are circumferentially interlocked. The ratio of crankshaft to camshaft is 1: 1 and that of the camshaft to the secondary cam 1: 2. With a 1: 2 ratio, a cam valley must be present in the base circle of the primary cam, 180 ° with respect to the primary cam, for passing through the secondary cam. This cam valley is structurally required to prevent an unwanted valve lift outside the timing.

Description

Der Ventiltrieb dient der Steuerung des Gaswechsels. Das Öffnen und Schließen der Ventile wird durch die von der Kurbelwelle des Motors angetriebene Nockenwelle bewirkt. Der aus dem Viertaktmotor hervorgegangene spezielle Zweitaktmotor hatte bis dato das Problem der Ventilsteuerung. Denn bei der Ventilsteuerung mittels Nockenwellen ergeben sich Steuerzeiten (Winkel) für Einlassventile von ca. 240°KW und bei Auslassventilen von ca. 230°KW.The valve drive is used to control the gas exchange. The opening and closing of the valves is effected by the camshaft driven by the crankshaft of the engine. The special two-stroke engine resulting from the four-stroke engine had the problem of valve control to date. For valve control by means of camshafts, control times (angles) for intake valves of approx. 240 ° KW and for exhaust valves of approx. 230 ° KW result.

Ändert man nun das Übersetzungsverhältnis Kurbelwelle-Nockenwelle von Viertaktmotor 2:1 auf Zweitaktmotor 1:1, halbieren sich die Steuerwinkel von 240°KW auf 120°KW bei Einlassventilen und von 230°KW auf 115°KW bei Auslassventilen.If the crankshaft-camshaft ratio is changed from a four-stroke engine 2: 1 to a two-stroke engine 1: 1, the control angles are halved from 240 ° CA to 120 ° CA for intake valves and from 230 ° CA to 115 ° CA for exhaust valves.

Die Steuerzeiten geben an, in welcher Winkelstellung der Kurbelwelle, ausgehend von den Totpunktstellungen der Kolben, die Ein- und Auslassventile öffnen und schließen. Wie zu ersehen ist, sind die geforderten maximale Steuerwinkel von 60°KW mit Viertaktventiltrieben nicht zu bewerkstelligen.The control times indicate in which angular position of the crankshaft, starting from the dead center positions of the pistons, the inlet and outlet valves open and close. As can be seen, the required maximum control angle of 60 ° CA with four-stroke valve drives can not be achieved.

Die Lösung stellt eine Verringerung der Nockenhöhe auf der Nockenwelle dar. Damit einhergeht die Verkleinerung der Steuerwinkel von 120°KW auf 60°KW. Um nun wieder auf den ursprünglichen Ventilhub zu gelangen (im Motorenbau ca. 25% des Ventildurchmessers) ist es erforderlich ein Sekundärnockenrad in einem Schlepphebel, Kipphebel oder Führungsstößel anzuordnen. Damit es zu keiner Verschiebung der Steuerzeiten kommt, werden der Primärnocken auf der Nockenwelle und das Sekundärnockenrad umlaufend verzahnt. Die Forderung nach Geringhaltung der Massenkräfte findet sich in der Übersetzung Primärnocken- zu Sekundärnockenrad von 1:2 wieder. Bei einer halben Umdrehung der Nockenwelle macht das Sekundärnockenrad eine ganze Umdrehung. In diesem Fall stünde der Sekundärnocken 180° dem Primärnocken auf dessen Grundkreis gegenüber.The solution represents a reduction in the cam height on the camshaft. This is accompanied by the reduction of the steering angle from 120 ° CA to 60 ° CA. In order to get back to the original valve lift (in engine construction approx. 25% of the valve diameter), it is necessary to arrange a secondary cam wheel in a drag lever, rocker arm or guide tappet. So that there is no shift in the timing, the primary cam on the camshaft and the secondary cam gear are circumferentially toothed. The demand for keeping inertia forces can be found in the translation of primary cam to secondary cam gear of 1: 2 again. With half a revolution of the camshaft, the secondary camshaft makes a complete revolution. In this case, the secondary cam would face 180 ° to the primary cam on its base circle.

Das Ventil würde nun um den Betrag des Sekundärnockenhubes von seinem Sitz abheben und den Ladedruckkanal bzw. Abgaskanal öffnen. Um dieses Konstruktiv auszuschließen wird im Grundkreis des Primärnockens, 180° gegenüber dem Primärnocken, ein Nockental eingearbeitet, so dass beim Ablaufen des Sekundärnockenrades der Sekundärnocken im Primärnockental einläuft und ein Öffnen des Ventils verhindert. Erst wenn sich der Primärnocken und der Sekundärnocken spiegelbildlich gegenüberstehen hat das Ventil seinen maximalen Hub erreicht.The valve would now lift by the amount of Sekundärnockenhubes from his seat and open the boost pressure channel or exhaust duct. In order to exclude this constructive, a cam groove is incorporated in the base circle of the primary cam, 180 ° relative to the primary cam, so that when the secondary cam wheel expires, the secondary cam enters the primary cam groove and prevents the valve from opening. Only when the primary cam and the secondary cam mirror each other, the valve has reached its maximum stroke.

Claims (5)

Ventiltrieb für Zweitaktmotor mit Verbrennungslufteinblasung und Zylinderabsaugung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Primärnocken auf einer Nockenwelle eine Nockenhöhe aufweist, aus der ein Steuerwinkel von ca. 60°KW (Kurbelwellenwinkel) hervorgeht und der in Kombination mit einem Sekundärnockenrad eine Vergrößerung des Ventilhubes erreicht.Valve gear for two-stroke engine with combustion air injection and cylinder extraction, characterized in that a primary cam on a camshaft has a cam height, from which a control angle of about 60 ° CA (crankshaft angle) emerges and reaches in combination with a Sekundärnockenrad an increase in the valve. Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Einhaltung der Steuerwinkel die Laufflächen von dem Primärnocken auf der Nockenwelle und dem Sekundärnockenrad eine umlaufende Verzahnung aufweisen.Valve gear according to claim 1, characterized in that for the maintenance of the control angle, the running surfaces of the primary cam on the camshaft and the secondary cam gear have a circumferential toothing. Ventiltrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerung des Sekundärnockenrades in einem Schlepphebel, Kipphebel oder Führungsstößel erfolgt.Valve gear according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing of the secondary cam wheel takes place in a drag lever, rocker arm or guide tappet. Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Übersetzungsverhältnis von Nockenwelle zum Sekundärnockenrad 1:2 beträgt.Valve gear according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission ratio of the camshaft to the secondary camshaft is 1: 2. Ventiltrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Übersetzung von 1:2 Nockenwelle-Sekundärnockenrad im Grundkreis des Primärnockens auf der Nockenwelle 180° gegenüber dem Primärnocken ein Nockental mit einer Tiefe, entsprechend der Höhe des Sekundärnockens, vorhanden ist.Valve gear according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the translation of 1: 2 camshaft Sekundärnockenrad in the base circle of the primary cam on the camshaft 180 ° relative to the primary cam a Nockental with a depth corresponding to the height of the secondary cam, is present.
DE102014007681.4A 2014-05-20 2014-05-20 Valve train for two-stroke engines with combustion air injection and cylinder extraction Withdrawn DE102014007681A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014007681.4A DE102014007681A1 (en) 2014-05-20 2014-05-20 Valve train for two-stroke engines with combustion air injection and cylinder extraction

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DE102014007681.4A DE102014007681A1 (en) 2014-05-20 2014-05-20 Valve train for two-stroke engines with combustion air injection and cylinder extraction

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE196765C (en) *
GB160016A (en) * 1919-12-22 1921-03-17 William Sydney Smith Improvements in cam gearing for internal combustion engines and the like
DE4028757C2 (en) * 1990-01-25 1998-05-07 Christian Bartsch Method for controlling a two-stroke internal combustion engine
DE102006005228A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-09 Paul Penner Internal combustion engine for a vehicle comprises a suction turbine operating constantly or depending on revolutions and integrated in the exhaust gas system in front of an exhaust gas turbocharger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE196765C (en) *
GB160016A (en) * 1919-12-22 1921-03-17 William Sydney Smith Improvements in cam gearing for internal combustion engines and the like
DE4028757C2 (en) * 1990-01-25 1998-05-07 Christian Bartsch Method for controlling a two-stroke internal combustion engine
DE102006005228A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-09 Paul Penner Internal combustion engine for a vehicle comprises a suction turbine operating constantly or depending on revolutions and integrated in the exhaust gas system in front of an exhaust gas turbocharger

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