DE102014003873A1 - stator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (13) for a three-phase electric motor with a plurality of stator teeth which are at least partially surrounded by a slot insulation, are arranged on the stator windings, with terminal contacts (Ua, Va, Wa) over which the stator windings are electrically contacted and with a Wire guide (16) which is arranged on the outer circumference of a first end face (18) of the slot insulation. According to the invention, the winding wire (17) is guided on the wire guide (16) in several planes (E1-E3) for changing between two stator poles, so that there are no wire intersections on the wire guide (16)

Description

The invention describes a stator for a three-phase electric motor with a plurality of stator teeth, on each of which a stator winding is arranged.

Such stators are well known in the art. The stator windings are usually wound by machine on the stator teeth, for example with a needle winder. To get from the currently wound stator tooth to the next stator tooth, the winding wire often crosses other stator teeth. The existing winding wires intersect at the bottom of the stator slots. Depending on the motor, the wires have a fairly large diameter in order to be able to conduct the required high currents. Now cross two of these wires, this wire intersection occupies a large part of the existing winding space. As a result, the windings of the adjacent stator teeth can not be guided to the bottom of the stator slots. Depending on the engine, the intersection can block 20% and more of the winding space. As a result, fewer turns per stator tooth can be wound, which reduces the power of the motor.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a stator which has an optimal space utilization of the winding space and thus provides optimum performance of the engine.

This object is achieved by a stator with the characterizing features of the main claim.

In order to achieve the effect according to the invention, the stator has a slot insulation on a first end face, a wire guide being arranged there on an outer circumference of the slot insulation. Preferably, the connection contacts are arranged on a second end face of the stator, for example likewise on a slot insulation arranged there. The arranged on the two end faces parts of the slot insulation can also be connected to each other. This makes it possible that the windings of all stator poles are wound continuously and without interrupting the wire. The connection contacts can then be contacted in passing without interruption. Furthermore, the winding wire is guided on the wire guide in several levels. In this case, the winding wire is guided to change between two stator poles only on the outside of the slot insulation along the wire guide. The wire is guided in such a way that it always lies in a free plane of the wire guide. As a result, there are no wire crossings on the wire guide. In addition, the changes between the planes of the wire guide are preferably always on the inside of the wire guide and the winding wire is guided within the stator in the axial direction.

As a result, there are no wire crossings within the stator slots. With these measures, the stator windings without wire interruption can be wound and the changing room is optimally usable, since no wire crossings are present. The stator teeth can therefore be wound up to the bottom of the stator, thus achieving a maximum degree of filling.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the wire guide on three levels, in which the winding wire is guided without crossing. Three levels are sufficient to wrap all windings continuously on a 12-pole motor without wire crossings being necessary. As a result, the stator is as compact as possible in the axial direction.

In an expedient development of the invention, the wire guides in the axial direction are separated by webs. As a result, the winding is substantially simplified and the wires do not slip between the planes.

Another advantage of eliminating wire crossings is the avoidance of short circuits, for example, due to a defective electrical insulation of the winding wire. For this purpose, it is advantageous in particular to avoid crossings of winding wires of different phases, which is why the winding scheme according to the invention provides additional protection of the motor from destruction by short circuits.

The invention further comprises an electric motor with a stator and a rotor, which is rotatably mounted relative to the stator and having a stator according to the invention. Such an electric motor has an optimal degree of filling of the winding space and thus optimum efficiency.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It shows

1 A diagram of the interconnection of the windings in a triangular circuit,

2 A side view of a stator according to the invention,

3 a top view of the stator with skiziierter wire guide and

4 A schematic representation of the winding scheme.

The invention is essentially usable for three-phase motors with a triangular circuit of the motor phases. The 1 shows such a triangle circuit for the motor phases U, V, W. In each case two ends of two phase windings are connected together. In the example V1 is U2, U1 is W2 and W1 is V2.

In 2 is an example of a stator according to the invention 13 shown. The stator 13 has a stator body 14 on, the individual stator laminations 15 is stacked. At a first end 18 the stator body is a wire guide 16 and at the second end face 19 the connection contacts Ua, Va, Wa are arranged for contacting the windings. The connection contacts Ua, Va, Wa are embedded in a plastic, which is produced in one piece with the wire guide in an injection molding process. The winding wire 17 is on the wire guide 16 Guided in multiple levels, so no wire crossings on the wire guide 16 available.

The invention is in no way limited to the embodiment shown. Changes in diameter, length or other parameters are possible at any time without affecting the invention. Thus, the stator can also be completely encapsulated with a plastic.

In the wire guide 16 are circumferentially between the stator teeth 1 - 12 each passage openings 101 - 112 arranged through which the winding wire 17 each from the inside of Statornuten 1' - 12 ' on the outer circumference of the wire guide 16 is guided. In the execution of 2 are also webs 20 shown the individual levels E1-E3 of the wire guide 16 limit in the axial direction. However, these are not absolutely necessary. The webs can therefore be interrupted, for example, in the circumferential direction or only partially present.

The connection contacts U, V, W are in each case connected to a connection point between two phase winding ends, that is, with a corner point of the triangular circuit.

In the example, the wire guide 16 and the holder, in which the connection contacts Ua, Va, Wa are held injection-molded from a plastic. However, this is not relevant to the invention and thus not restrictive.

The 3 shows a plan view of the first end face 18 an advantageous embodiment of a stator according to the invention 13 , In 4 is the winding scheme on which the winding pattern of 4 is realized. In doing so, the in 3 and 4 The embodiment shown only one possible realization of the invention. By a different arrangement of the connection contacts, for example, the winding scheme, in particular start and end points change, without changing the basic idea of the invention something. Such alternative embodiments are therefore explicitly included in the invention, that is, the invention is in no way limited to the illustrated embodiment.

The stator according to the invention 13 has three motor phases U, V, W and, for example, twelve stator teeth 1 - 12 on which the stator windings are arranged, each of which together form a stator pole. The stator 13 in the example is designed for an internal rotor, but can also be designed as a corresponding external rotor. The winding scheme according to the invention can also be used with stators for small changes 13 be applied with more or less stator poles.

The stator teeth 1 - 12 form with the intervening Statornuten 1' - 12 ' each the winding space, the winding wire 17 is available. The aim of the invention is now to wind the stator teeth so that a high degree of filling of the winding space is achieved.

According to the invention, on the outer circumference of a first end face (FIG. 18 ) of the slot insulation arranged a wire guide. Preferably, at the second end face ( 19 ) of the slot insulation arranged the connection contacts. Furthermore, the windings of all stator poles are continuous and without interruption of the winding wire 17 wound. This is the winding wire 17 guided on the wire guide in several levels. To change between two stator poles is the winding wire 17 only on the outside of the slot insulation, in a free plane E1-E3 of the wire guide 16 guided, so that no wire crossings are present on the wire guide. Furthermore, there are changes between the levels of wire guide 16 preferably always on the inside of the stator and the winding wire is guided within the stator in the axial direction, so that no wire intersections are present within the stator.

Overall, the stator 13 with optimal fill factor and continuously windable. As a result, costs can be saved in the production and a motor with a stator according to the invention has an optimum efficiency.

Furthermore, in the 3 the course of the wire winding according to the winding pattern of 4 shown. The beginning of the winding is at the terminal contact Ua, from where the winding wire 17 to the first stator tooth 1 is guided. The arrows along the Wire line indicates the direction of the wire winding, wherein each stator tooth additionally indicates the plane in which the wire is guided on the respective tooth. The curved arrows 13 on the inside of the stator are symbolic of the windings on the stator teeth and indicate how the winding wire is guided without interruption.

The winding diagram of the stator according to the invention 13 is in 4 shown schematically. Vertical lines in the picture correspond to an axial guidance of the wire on the inside of the stator slots. Horizontal lines correspond to a guide of the wire along the circumference on the outside of the wire guide 16 , Although the lines are shown in four heights, only a maximum of three lines are superimposed on each position. That means the winding wire is on three levels on the wire guide 16 guided.

The plane on which the respective wire is guided on a stator pole is indicated in the drawing. The plane is usually maintained from stator pole to stator pole. However, it requires exactly one level change so that the three levels are sufficient. This level change can either, as in the 4 shown in the motor phase W when changing from the ninth (level two) to the twelfth stator tooth (level three) or in phase V of the eleventh stator tooth (level 1 ) to the second stator tooth (plane 2 ) occur. In the latter case, phase W would remain at level 12 on the twelfth tooth 2 , Possibly also other postions for the plane change are possible. Alternatively, the wire guide can also have four levels.

The invention is therefore in no way limited to the illustrated embodiment.

Similarly, there is a single wire crossing between the wire ends W2 and V1 at the terminal V. However, this wire crossing is outside the stator and thus does not hinder the optimal winding of the winding space.

The winding diagram of the embodiment of the invention shown in the example is in the 3 and 4 is described in detail below.

Motor phase U:

The start of the winding takes place at the connection contact Ua of the motor phase U. The winding wire 17 is here passed over the terminal contact Ua and soldered. From the terminal contact Ua is the winding wire 17 to the first stator tooth 1 guided.

From the winding around the first stator tooth 1 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 1 in the axial direction to the first plane E1 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 101 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the first plane E1 to the fourth stator tooth 4 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 104 on the inside of the stator groove 4 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 4 is guided.

From the winding around the fourth stator tooth 4 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 4 ' in the axial direction to the first plane E1 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 104 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the first plane E1 to the seventh stator tooth 7 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 107 on the inside of the stator groove 7 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 7 is guided.

From the winding around the seventh stator tooth 7 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 7 ' in the axial direction to the first plane E1 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 107 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the first plane E1 to the tenth stator tooth 10 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 110 on the inside of the stator slots 10 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 10 is guided.

From the winding around the tenth stator tooth 10 leads the winding wire 17 on the second front side 19 of the stator 13 to the connection contact Va, where the winding wire is soldered and continued without interruption.

Motor phase V

From the terminal contact Va leads the winding wire 17 directly to the eleventh stator tooth 11 and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 11 around. From the winding of the eleventh stator tooth 11 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 11 ' in the axial direction to the second level E2 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 111 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the second plane E2 to the second stator tooth 2 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 102 on the inside of the stator groove 2 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 2 is guided.

From the winding around the second stator tooth 2 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 2 ' in the axial direction to the second level E2 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 102 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the second plane E2 to the fifth stator tooth 5 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 105 on the inside of the stator groove 5 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 5 is guided.

From the winding around the fifth stator tooth 5 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 5 ' in the axial direction to the second level E2 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 105 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the second plane E2 to the eighth stator tooth 8th where the winding wire 17 through the opening 108 on the inside of the stator groove 8th' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 8th is guided.

From the winding around the eighth stator tooth 8th leads the winding wire 17 on the second front side 19 of the stator 13 to the terminal contact Wa, where the winding wire is soldered and continued without interruption.

Motor phase W

From the terminal contact Wa leads the winding wire 17 directly to the ninth stator tooth 9 and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 11 around. From the winding of the ninth stator tooth 9 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 9 ' in the axial direction to the second level E2 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 109 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer circumference to the twelfth stator tooth 2 with a change to the third level E3, where the winding wire 17 through the opening 112 on the inside of the stator groove 12 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 12 is guided.

From the winding around the twelfth stator tooth 12 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 12 ' in the axial direction to the third level E3 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 112 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the third plane E3 to the third stator tooth 3 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 103 on the inside of the stator groove 3 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 3 is guided.

From the winding around the third stator tooth 3 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 3 in the axial direction to the third level E3 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 103 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the third plane E3 to the sixth stator tooth 6 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 106 on the inside of the stator groove 6 ' and to form the winding multiple times around the stator tooth 6 is guided.

From the winding around the sixth stator tooth 6 leads the winding wire 17 on the inside of the stator groove 6 ' in the axial direction to the third level E3 of the wire guide 16 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 106 on the outside of the wire guide 16 is guided. Here leads the winding wire 17 along the outer periphery on the third plane E3 to the eleventh stator tooth 11 where the winding wire 17 through the opening 111 on the inside of the stator groove 11 ' and there is guided in the axial direction to the terminal contact Ua, where the winding wire is soldered and the winding is completed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1-12

stator teeth

1'-12 '

stator

13

stator

14

stator

15

stator lamination

16

wire guide

17

winding wire

18

first end face

19

second end face

20

Webs between the levels of wire guide

101-112

Through openings between the stator teeth

E1-E3

Levels of wire guidance

AND MANY MORE

motor phases

Ua, Va, Wa

Connection contacts of the motor phases

U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2

Ends of the windings of the individual motor phases

Claims (9)

Stator for a three-phase electric motor with several stator teeth ( 1 - 12 ) which are at least partially surrounded by a slot insulation, wherein on the slot insulation stator windings are arranged with connection contacts (Ua, Va, Wa), over which the stator windings are electrically contacted and with a wire guide ( 16 ) on the outer periphery of a first end face ( 18 ) of the slot insulation is arranged, characterized in that the winding wire ( 17 ) for changing between two stator poles on the wire guide ( 16 ) is guided in several levels (E1-E3), so that no wire crossings on the wire guide ( 16 ) available. Stator according to claim 1, characterized in that switching between the planes of the wire guide ( 16 ) always lie on an inner circumference of the slot insulation. Stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the windings of all the stator poles continuously and without interruption of the winding wire ( 17 ) are wound. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that to avoid wire crossings of the winding wire ( 17 ) within the stator slots ( 1' - 12 ' ) is guided in the axial direction. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connection contacts (Ua, Va, Wa) on the second end face ( 19 ) of the stator ( 13 ) are arranged. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wire guide ( 16 ) has three planes (E1-E3) on which the winding wire ( 17 ) is guided without crossing. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the planes (E1-E3) of the wire guide ( 16 ) in the axial direction by webs ( 20 ) are separated from each other. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in each of the planes (E1-E3) of the wire guide ( 16 ) each of the winding wire ( 17 ) one of the three phases is performed. Electric motor with a stator ( 13 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8.

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