DE102013206587A1 - System for controlling the charging process of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle - Google Patents
System for controlling the charging process of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
- B60L53/37—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/60—Navigation input
- B60L2240/62—Vehicle position
- B60L2240/622—Vehicle position by satellite navigation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/12—Driver interactions by confirmation, e.g. of the input
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/20—Driver interactions by driver identification
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
- B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
- B60L2270/147—Emission reduction of noise electro magnetic [EMI]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Abstract
System (1) zur Steuerung des Ladevorgangs eines Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeugs (2) mit Mitteln (3, 4, 5, 7, 8) zum induktiven Laden des Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeugs (2), mit einer stationären Steuerungsvorrichtung (9) zur Steuerung des Ein- und Abschalten des Ladevorgangs, mit mindestens einer Kamera (10, 17) und/oder mindestens einem Sensormittel (12, 13) zur Überwachung des Umgebungs- und/oder Innenbereichs des Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeugs (2), wobei die stationäre Steuerungsvorrichtung (9) dazu vorgesehen ist, in Abhängigkeit von Überwachungsdaten (11), die mittels der Kamera (10, 17) und/oder des Sensormittels (12, 13) ermittelt werden, den Ladevorgang ein- bzw. abzuschalten.System (1) for controlling the charging process of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle (2) with means (3, 4, 5, 7, 8) for inductive charging of the electric and / or hybrid vehicle (2), with a stationary control device ( 9) for controlling the switching on and off of the charging process, with at least one camera (10, 17) and / or at least one sensor means (12, 13) for monitoring the surrounding and / or interior area of the electric and / or hybrid vehicle (2 ), the stationary control device (9) being provided to switch the charging process on or off as a function of monitoring data (11) determined by means of the camera (10, 17) and / or the sensor means (12, 13) ,
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Steuerung des Ladevorgangs eines Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeugs mit Mitteln zum induktiven Laden des Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeugs. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeug mit Mitteln zum induktiven Laden des Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeugs. The invention relates to a system for controlling the charging process of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle with means for inductive charging of the electric and / or hybrid vehicle. The invention further relates to an electric and / or hybrid vehicle with means for inductive charging of the electric and / or hybrid vehicle.
Plug-In Hybridfahrzeuge und Elektrofahrzeuge sind unter den heutigen Mobilitätsanforderungen, wenig Energieverbrauch und geringe Emissionen, nicht mehr wegzudenken. Eine wesentliche Komponente dieser Fahrzeuge ist dabei der Energiespeicher. Dieser wird üblicherweise als Batteriespeicher ausgeführt. Dabei kommen NiMH und Li-Ionen Akkumulatoren zum Einsatz. Die maximal Größe und damit maximal gespeicherte Energiemenge dieser Speicher hängt stark vom Anwendungsfall ab. Haben Energiespeicher von Plug-In Hybriden eine Größe von bis zu 20–30 kWh, können die der reinen Elektrofahrzeugen eine Größe von 40–50 kWh, in Ausnahmefällen, z.B. Taxis, auch 100 kWh erreichen. Im Allgemeinen beträgt auf Straßen die maximale Reichweite von Plug-In Hybridfahrzeugen dadurch ca. 50 km und die von reinen Elektrofahrzeugen bis zu 100–150 km. Danach müssen die Energiespeicher wieder aufgeladen werden. Plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have become indispensable in today's mobility requirements, low energy consumption and low emissions. An essential component of these vehicles is the energy storage. This is usually performed as a battery storage. NiMH and Li-ion batteries are used. The maximum size and thus the maximum amount of energy stored in this memory depends heavily on the application. If energy storage units of plug-in hybrids have a size of up to 20-30 kWh, that of the pure electric vehicles may have a size of 40-50 kWh, in exceptional cases, e.g. Taxis, also reach 100 kWh. In general, the maximum range of plug-in hybrid vehicles on roads is about 50 km, and that of pure electric vehicles up to 100-150 km. Thereafter, the energy storage must be recharged.
Das Aufladen der Fahrzeuge erfolgt üblicherweise durch ein Bordladegerät, welches seine Energie für die Ladung unter anderem aus dem öffentlichen Hausnetz bezieht. Dabei wird das Bordladegerät über ein Kabel mit dem Stromnetz verbunden. Der Benutzer muss somit, wenn er das Fahrzeug laden will, eine mechanische Verbindung zwischen den beiden Komponenten herstellen, welches eine deutliche Gebrauchs- und Komforteinschränkung für den Nutzer darstellt. Insbesondere wenn die Verbindungsstecker sehr schwer und die Kabel sehr lang, schmutzig und nass sind, wird die Hemmschwelle, derartige Fahrzeuge zu betreiben, eher größer. Charging the vehicles is usually done by an on-board charger, which receives its energy for the charge, among other things, from the public household network. The on-board charger is connected to the mains via a cable. The user must therefore, when he wants to load the vehicle, establish a mechanical connection between the two components, which represents a significant restriction of use and comfort for the user. Especially when the connectors are very heavy and the cables are very long, dirty and wet, the inhibition threshold to operate such vehicles tends to be greater.
Induktive Ladesysteme hingegen haben keine mechanische Verbindung zwischen dem Bordladegerät und dem Versorgungsnetz. Die Energieübertragung erfolgt über einen Luftspalt eines Spulensystems, dessen Abstand bis zu 20 cm betragen kann. Im Allgemeinen ist dazu eine Spule in den Boden eingelassen. Eine zweite Spule befindet sich an der Unterseite des Fahrzeuges. Beide, üblicherweise gleichgroßen Spulen, haben dabei einen Durchmesser von bis zu 60 cm. Wird die bodenseitige Spule mit einer Wechselspannung beaufschlagt, bildet sich zwischen dem Spulenpaar ein magnetisches Feld aus, über das die Energie vom Versorgungsnetz in das Bordnetz des Fahrzeugs übertragen wird. Inductive charging systems, however, have no mechanical connection between the on-board charger and the supply network. The energy transfer takes place via an air gap of a coil system, whose distance can be up to 20 cm. In general, a coil is embedded in the ground. A second coil is located at the bottom of the vehicle. Both, usually the same size coils, have a diameter of up to 60 cm. If the bottom-side coil is subjected to an alternating voltage, a magnetic field is formed between the pair of coils, via which the energy is transmitted from the supply network into the on-board network of the vehicle.
Diese Topologie der Energieübertragung bietet einen wesentlichen Komfortgewinn und erhöht die Verfügbarkeit von Elektrofahrzeugen wesentlich, da der Ladevorgang des Energiespeichers auch automatisch möglich ist, ohne dass der Fahrer aktiv werden muss. This topology of energy transmission provides a significant gain in comfort and significantly increases the availability of electric vehicles, since the charging of the energy storage is also automatically possible without the driver must be active.
Während des Ladens kommt es zum Aufbau sowohl eines elektrischen wie auch eines magnetischen Feldes, insbesondere im Bereich der Arbeitsfrequenz des Ladesystems, welche in der Regel zwischen 20 kHz bis zu 150 kHz liegen kann. Eine Beeinflussung andere Komponenten im Fahrzeug oder in seiner unmittelbaren Umgebung ist daher sehr wahrscheinlich. Passiv Keyless Entry Systems, im Folgenden als PKE-Schließsysteme bezeichnet, sind hiervon besonders betroffen. Deren Arbeitsfrequenzen liegen oft bei 20 kHz, 125 kHz etc. Jeder Automobilhersteller hat zum Teil eine andere bevorzugte Frequenz für derartige PKE-Schließsysteme. Nachteilig bei diesen PKE-Schließsystemen ist, dass der Eingangsbereich der Frequenz sehr breitbandig ist. D.h., dass das PKE-Schließsystem bei z.B. 125 kHz arbeitet aber auch Frequenzen oberhalb als auch unterhalb dieser Frequenz empfangen werden können. Dies geschieht nun insbesondere bei der Energieübertragung während des induktiven Ladens. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass das PKE-Schließsystem, gleichgültig bei welcher Arbeitsfrequenz es arbeitet, durch die Energieübertragung des induktiven Ladesystems so beeinflusst wird, dass dessen Funktion nicht mehr oder nicht mehr zuverlässig gegeben ist. Die Konsequenz ist, dass das Fahrzeug nicht mehr geöffnet werden kann. During charging, both an electrical and a magnetic field are generated, in particular in the range of the operating frequency of the charging system, which can generally be between 20 kHz and 150 kHz. Influencing other components in the vehicle or in its immediate vicinity is therefore very likely. Passive Keyless Entry Systems, hereinafter referred to as PKE locking systems, are particularly affected. Their operating frequencies are often 20 kHz, 125 kHz, etc. Each automobile manufacturer has some other preferred frequency for such PKE locking systems. A disadvantage of these PKE locking systems is that the input range of the frequency is very broadband. That is, the PKE locking system at e.g. 125 kHz also works frequencies above and below this frequency can be received. This happens now especially in the energy transfer during inductive charging. Experiments have shown that the PKE locking system, regardless of which working frequency it works, is influenced by the energy transfer of the inductive charging system so that its function is no longer or no longer reliable given. The consequence is that the vehicle can not be opened.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein effizientes und zuverlässiges induktives Laden eines Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeugs zu ermöglichen, wobei wichtige Funktionen des Fahrzeugs betriebsfähig bleiben und die Sicherheit für Personen, Tiere und Gegenstände (in der Regel technische Gegenstände) gewährleistet ist. The invention has for its object to enable an efficient and reliable inductive charging of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle, while important functions of the vehicle remain operational and the safety of persons, animals and objects (usually technical items) is guaranteed.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein System mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. This object is achieved by a system having the features specified in
Diese Aufgabe wird weiter durch ein Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeug mit den im Anspruch 4 angegeben Merkmalen sowie wie durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6 gelöst. This object is further achieved by an electric or hybrid vehicle having the features specified in claim 4 and as by a method according to
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zu Grunde, dass bisher ein gleichzeitiges Laden und Öffnen bzw. Schließen des Fahrzeuges oft nicht möglich ist, da die Breitbandigkeit der Frequenz der PKE-Schließsysteme dies nicht zulässt. Weiterhin können während des Ladevorgangs Gegenstände in die unmittelbare Nähe oder sogar unter das Fahrzeug gelangen, so dass Schäden am Fahrzeug oder in der Umgebung des Fahrzeugs entstehen. Ein Beispiel dafür wären Metallkörper, die den Ladevorgang beeinflussen oder elektrische Geräte, die dann beim Ladevorgang beschädigt werden. Auch ist es möglich, dass Personen (beispielsweise erkrankte Personen mit einem Herzschrittmacher oder Kinder) sowie Tiere in direkter Nähe zum induktiven Ladesystem beeinträchtigt werden können. The invention is based on the finding that so far a simultaneous charging and opening or closing of the vehicle is often not possible, since the broadband frequency of the PKE locking systems does not allow this. Furthermore, during the charging process, objects may get into the immediate vicinity or even under the vehicle, causing damage to the vehicle or in the vicinity of the vehicle. An example this would be metal bodies that affect the charging process or electrical equipment that will be damaged during the charging process. It is also possible that persons (for example, sick people with a pacemaker or children) as well as animals in direct proximity to the inductive charging system can be affected.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert. The invention will be described and explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Die in
Ein Elektro- und/oder Hybridfahrzeug muss zum Zwecke des induktiven Ladens eine bestimmte Position x, y innerhalb eines abgegrenzten Bereiches (z.B. in einer Garage) anfahren. Diese Position, festgelegt durch ein am Boden befindliches Lademodul, ist als statisch und dessen Lage als bekannt vorausgesetzt. Um die Position mit einer entsprechenden Genauigkeit anzufahren, muss der Fahrer über Soll- und Ist-Position informiert werden. An electric and / or hybrid vehicle must approach a certain position x, y within a defined area (for example in a garage) for the purpose of inductive charging. This position, determined by a loading module located on the ground, is assumed to be static and its position as known. To approach the position with a corresponding accuracy, the driver must be informed about the setpoint and actual position.
Dabei wird die Position des Fahrzeugs durch ein sensorgestütztes Navigationssystem ermittelt und es werden die entsprechenden Fahrbefehle gegeben. Dies ist auch vollautomatisiert möglich. Ein Kamerasystem, das sich in, an oder in der Nähe der Ladestation befindet, hat sich als Sensor für die Positionserkennung bewährt. The position of the vehicle is determined by a sensor-based navigation system and it will be given the appropriate driving commands. This is also possible fully automated. A camera system located in, on or near the charging station has proven to be a position sensing sensor.
So werden Kamerasysteme auch zur Objekterkennung und/ oder zur Personenerkennung eingesetzt. Nachdem das Kamerasystem den Fahrer über die Primärspule des induktiven Ladesystems geleitet hat, bleibt diese weiterhin eingeschaltet, um weiterhin zu beobachten, ob der Fahrer das Fahrzeug verlassen hat, sich vom Fahrzeug entfernt hat oder wieder zum Fahrzeug zurückgekommen ist. Es wird also feststellt, ob sich Personen, Tiere oder gegebenenfalls auch Gegenstände, zusammengefasst also bewegte und/oder statische Objekte, in der Nähe des Fahrzeuges befinden, welche sich im Falle eines induktiven Ladevorganges nicht in diesem Umfeld befinden sollen. Ist dies der Fall wird der induktive Ladevorgang nicht gestartet oder unterbrochen. Das PKE-Schließsystem bleibt somit in einem funktionsfähigen Zustand oder wird umgehen in diesen versetzt. Falls die Person die Zugangskarte bei sich trägt, kann sich nun das Fahrzeug öffnen. Ohne Hardwareänderungen für das Fahrzeug ist somit auch beim induktiven Laden die volle Funktionalität des PKE-Schließsystems gegeben. Ebenso werden Personen, Tiere und Gegenstände vorsorglich erkannt, die eventuell durch den induktiven Ladevorgang geschädigt werden könnten. Vergleichbares gilt für die Beeinträchtigung des Fahrzeuges beim induktiven Ladevorgang, falls ungewollt Gegenstände (beispielsweise metallische Gegenstände) im Umfeld des Fahrzeugs sind oder in dieses kommen. Camera systems are also used for object recognition and / or for person recognition. After the camera system has guided the driver through the inductive charging system primary coil, it remains on to continue to monitor whether the driver has left the vehicle, moved away from the vehicle, or returned to the vehicle. It is therefore determined whether persons, animals or optionally also objects, in summary, moving and / or static objects, are in the vicinity of the vehicle, which should not be in this environment in the case of an inductive charging process. If this is the case, the inductive charging process is not started or interrupted. The PKE locking system thus remains in a functional state or is bypassed in these. If the person carries the access card, the vehicle can now open. Without hardware modifications for the vehicle, the full functionality of the PKE locking system is therefore also given for inductive charging. Likewise, people, animals and objects are recognized as a precaution, which could possibly be damaged by the inductive charging process. The same applies to the impairment of the vehicle during inductive charging, if unwanted objects (for example metallic objects) are in the vicinity of the vehicle or come into this.
Vorteilhaft dabei ist auch der Einsatz eines Kamerasystems im und/oder oberhalb des Fahrzeugs. An dieser Stelle wird ein sogenanntes TopView-Kamerasystem bevorzugt eingesetzt, welches einen 360° Überblick ermöglicht. Another advantage is the use of a camera system in and / or above the vehicle. At this point, a so-called TopView camera system is preferred, which allows a 360 ° overview.
Anstelle von Kamerasystemen sind auch andere Sensormittel verschiedenster Technologien bzw. technischer Ausprägung denkbar, welche an ein oder mehreren Stellen um das Fahrzeug herum und/oder innerhalb des Fahrzeugs angebracht sind, um bewegte und/oder statische Objekte zu detektieren bzw. zu überwachen. Instead of camera systems, other sensor means of various technologies or technical features are conceivable, which are attached to one or more locations around the vehicle and / or within the vehicle in order to detect or monitor moving and / or static objects.
Besonderer Überwachung bedarf es beispielsweise für Kinder, die während des Ladevorganges unter das Fahrzeug kriechen könnten. Gleiches gilt auch für Tiere oder sich bewegende Gegenstände. Sobald derartige Objekte erkannt worden sind, schaltet der Ladevorgang ab und unterbindet damit eine mögliche Beeinträchtigung oder Gefahr für diese Objekte. Special monitoring is needed, for example, for children who could crawl under the vehicle during the charging process. The same applies to animals or moving objects. As soon as such objects have been detected, the charging process switches off, thus preventing a possible impairment or danger for these objects.
Es ergeben sich eine Anzahl von Vorteile, wie zum Beispiel:
- • die Verwendung der für die Positionierung von Fahrzeugen zum induktiven Laden vorgesehenen Sensoren, also Kamerasysteme bzw. generell Sensorik zum Detektieren von Personen, um die Freigabe des induktiven Ladevorganges zu initialisieren,
- • das Stoppen des Ladevorganges bei Annäherung von Objekten (Personen, Tieren, Gegenständen)
- • das weitere Betreiben von eingeführten PKE-Schließsystemen im Zusammenhang mit dem induktiven Laden(es ist keine Änderungen der handelsüblichen PKE-Schließsysteme notwendig) und
- • eine Reduzierung des Gefahrenpotenziales beim induktiven Laden, wobei Objekte jeglicher Art geschützt werden können (Personen mit gesundheitlichen Problem, Kinder, Tiere, gefährdete Gegenstände etc.), da der induktive Ladevorgang nicht aktiv ist, falls sich derartige Objekte sich in der unmittelbaren Nähe des Fahrzeugs befindet.
- The use of sensors intended for the positioning of vehicles for inductive charging, ie camera systems or, in general, sensors for detecting persons in order to initialize the release of the inductive charging process,
- • stopping the charging process when approaching objects (people, animals, objects)
- • the continued operation of imported PKE locking systems in connection with inductive charging (no changes to the standard PKE locking systems are necessary) and
- • Reduction of the potential for inductive charging, whereby objects of any kind can be protected (persons with health problems, children, animals, endangered objects, etc.), since the inductive charging process is not active, if such objects are in the immediate vicinity of the Vehicle is located.
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DE201310206587 DE102013206587A1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2013-04-12 | System for controlling the charging process of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle |
FR1400837A FR3004595A1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-04-07 | SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE CHARGE OPERATION OF AN ELECTRIC AND / OR HYBRID VEHICLE |
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WO2016071028A1 (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for monitoring an inductive transmission link and charging system for inductively charging an electric vehicle |
WO2016082978A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-06-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Charging/discharging station, in particular for a battery-operated vehicle |
CN106004491A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳大学 | Vehicle wireless charging alignment method and system |
DE102015007286A1 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2016-12-15 | Schmitz Gmbh | Method for detecting a vehicle identification means of a vehicle |
DE102015216480A1 (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Concept for inductive charging of an electric motor vehicle |
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DE102015225988A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-07-06 | Kuka Roboter Gmbh | Method for carrying out at least one energy supply operation between a power supply unit and at least one motor vehicle to be supplied with energy |
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