DE102013017230B4 - Method for desulphating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for desulphating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
- F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
- F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
- F01N2430/085—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
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- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
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- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/04—Filtering activity of particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
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- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
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- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1448—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure
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- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
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- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
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- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:- das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem wird auf das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten durch Messung mindestens eines indikativen Parameters überprüft- zusätzlich oder alternativ wird mindestens ein für die Sulfatbildung im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems relevanter Parameter erfasst und festgestellt, ob sich der Parameter innerhalb eines die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet- beim Vorhandensein von Sulfaten und/oder Feststellen des Parameters innerhalb des Wertebereichs werden die Emissionen der Brennkraftmaschine durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen so angepasst, dass eine Desulfatierung im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem stattfindet und/oder der Parameter den die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereich verlässt- dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Messung des indikativen Parameters der von dem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem erzeugte Abgasgegendruck erfasst wird und beim Überschreiten eines Schwellenwertes die Maßnahmen durchgeführt werden.A method for desulfating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine, characterized by the following steps: - the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is checked for the presence of sulfates by measuring at least one indicative parameter - additionally or alternatively, at least one parameter relevant for sulfate formation in the area of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is recorded and it is determined whether If the parameter is within a value range that triggers sulphate formation - if sulphates are present and / or the parameter is determined within the value range, the emissions of the internal combustion engine are adjusted by means of internal or post-engine measures so that desulphation takes place in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system and / or the parameter corresponds to the The range of values that triggers sulphate formation is characterized in that, in order to measure the indicative parameter, the exhaust gas counter pressure generated by the exhaust gas aftertreatment system ck is recorded and the measures are carried out when a threshold value is exceeded.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a method for desulphating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Immer strenger werdende Abgasvorschriften erfordern auch bei Wasserfahrzeugen in der Form von beispielsweise Schiffen bei den dort eingesetzten Brennkraftmaschinen die Verwendung von Abgasnachbehandlungssystemen mit beispielsweise Oxidationskatalysatoren, Partikelfiltern und SCR Katalysatoren, die zur Reduzierung der Stickoxidemissionen eingesetzt werden.Ever more stringent exhaust gas regulations require the use of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems with, for example, oxidation catalytic converters, particle filters and SCR catalytic converters, which are used to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, even in the case of watercraft in the form of ships, for example.
Bei Schiffen kommen als Kraftstoffe meist Destillat- oder Rückstandsöle zum Einsatz, die einen hohen Schwefelanteil aufweisen. Der Schwefel gelangt über die Verbrennung in das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem und kann dort zur zumindest lokalen Deaktivierung des Katalysators und/oder des Partikelfilters führen.Most ships use distillate or residual oils as fuels, which have a high sulfur content. The sulfur reaches the exhaust gas aftertreatment system via combustion and can lead to at least local deactivation of the catalytic converter and / or the particle filter.
Bei einem zur NOx Reduzierung eingesetzten SCR Katalysator wird als Reduktionsmittel häufig Harnstoff eingesetzt, um Ammoniak freizusetzen, welches aber mit den im Abgas enthaltenen Schwefeloxiden Ammoniumsulfat und Ammoniumhydrogensulfat bildet, welches sich in den Katalysatorkanälen ablagert und so den Durchströmungswiderstand des Katalysators beträchtlich erhöhen kann.In the case of an SCR catalytic converter used to reduce NOx, urea is often used as a reducing agent to release ammonia, which, however, forms with the sulfur oxides ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen sulfate contained in the exhaust gas, which is deposited in the catalytic converter channels and can thus considerably increase the flow resistance of the catalytic converter.
Bei hochschwefelhaltigen Kraftstoffen kann es sogar zu einer Verstopfung der Katalysatorkanäle kommen mit der Folge, dass der Abgasgegendruck im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem beträchtlich ansteigt und nicht nur Antriebsleistung verloren geht, da die von der Brennkraftmaschine zu erbringende Ausschiebearbeit deutlich ansteigt, sondern es besteht auch die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Brennkraftmaschine.In the case of high-sulfur fuels, the catalytic converter ducts can even become clogged, with the result that the exhaust gas back pressure in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system increases considerably and not only is drive power lost, since the pushing out work to be performed by the internal combustion engine increases significantly, but there is also the risk of damage to the Internal combustion engine.
Auch bei mit Edelmetallen beschichteten Katalysatoren kann es durch die Schwefeloxide zu lokalen Vergiftungserscheinungen des Katalysators kommen, da der Schwefel mit den Aktivkomponenten des Katalysators, wie beispielsweise Platin, Palladium und Aluminium reagiert und Sulfate ausbildet, die die Umsetzungsrate des Katalysators beträchtlich verringern können.Even with catalysts coated with noble metals, the sulfur oxides can cause local poisoning of the catalyst, since the sulfur reacts with the active components of the catalyst, such as platinum, palladium and aluminum, and forms sulfates, which can considerably reduce the conversion rate of the catalyst.
Je höher der Schwefelanteil im eingesetzten Kraftstoff ist, desto schneller kommt es zu Vergiftungserscheinungen des Katalysators oder zum Anstieg des Abgasgegendrucks.The higher the sulfur content in the fuel used, the faster the catalytic converter will become poisoned or the exhaust gas back pressure will rise.
Anhand der
Ähnliche Verfahren beschreiben die Veröffentlichungen
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine bereitzustellen, mit dem die im Abgasnachbehandlungssystems vorhandenen Einrichtungen zur Nachbehandlung des Abgases regeneriert und leistungsfähig gehalten werden können.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for desulphating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine with which the devices for aftertreatment of the exhaust gas present in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system can be regenerated and kept efficient.
Die Erfindung weist zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale auf. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen hiervon sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen beschrieben.To achieve this object, the invention has the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous configurations thereof are described in the further claims.
Die Erfindung stellt ein Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine bereit, mit folgenden Schritten:
- - das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem wird auf das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten durch Messung mindestens eines indikativen Parameters überprüft
- - zusätzlich oder alternativ wird mindestens ein für die Sulfatbildung im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems relevanter Parameter erfasst und festgestellt, ob sich der Parameter innerhalb eines die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet
- - beim Vorhandensein von Sulfaten und/oder Feststellen des Parameters innerhalb des Wertebereichs werden die Emissionen der Brennkraftmaschine durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen so angepasst, dass eine Desulfatierung im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem stattfindet und/oder der Parameter den die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereich verlässt
- - zur Messung des indikativen Parameters der von dem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem erzeugte Abgasgegendruck erfasst wird und beim Überschreiten eines Schwellenwertes die Maßnahmen durchgeführt werden.
- - The exhaust gas aftertreatment system is checked for the presence of sulfates by measuring at least one indicative parameter
- - Additionally or alternatively, at least one parameter relevant to the sulfate formation in the area of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is recorded and it is determined whether the parameter is within a value range that triggers the sulfate formation
- - If sulphates are present and / or the parameter is determined within the value range, the emissions of the internal combustion engine are adjusted by means of internal or post-engine measures so that desulphation takes place in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system and / or the parameter leaves the value range that triggers sulphate formation
- - To measure the indicative parameter, the exhaust gas back pressure generated by the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is detected and the measures are carried out when a threshold value is exceeded.
Die Erfindung schafft mit anderen Worten ein Verfahren, bei dem zumindest ein für das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem indikativer Parameter überwacht wird, der also das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem anzeigt, und bei dem es sich um den vom Abgasnachbehandlungssystem aufgebauten Abgasgegendruck handelt. Der Abgasgegendruck kann im gesamten Strömungsbereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems messtechnisch erfasst werden, da der sich der Brennkraftmaschine entgegensetzende Staudruck mit zunehmender Ablagerung von Sulfaten im Bereich eines Katalysators des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems ansteigt, je weiter die Sulfatierung fortgeschritten ist. Die Druckmessung kann also beispielsweise im Bereich des Einlasses des Katalysators stattfinden.In other words, the invention creates a method in which at least one parameter indicative of the presence of sulphates in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is monitored, i.e. which indicates the presence of sulphates in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, and which is the exhaust gas back pressure built up by the exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The exhaust back pressure can be measured in the entire flow area of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, since the back pressure opposing the internal combustion engine increases with increasing deposition of sulfates in the area of a catalytic converter of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, the further the sulfation has progressed. The pressure measurement can therefore take place, for example, in the area of the inlet of the catalytic converter.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ zur Erfassung des das Vorhandensein von Ablagerungen im Abgasnachbehandlungssystems anzeigenden Parameters wird nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein für die Bildung von Sulfaten im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems relevanter Parameter erfasst und festgestellt, ob sich der Parameter innerhalb eines die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet. Bei diesem Parameter kann es sich beispielsweise um die Temperatur an der Wirkoberfläche eines im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems vorhandenen Katalysators handeln, bei dem es sich um einen SCR Katalysator handeln kann oder um einen anderen zur Emissionsreduzierung eingesetzten Katalysator, der beispielsweise mit Edelmetallen dotierte Wirkoberflächen aufweist.In addition or as an alternative to the detection of the parameter indicating the presence of deposits in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, the method according to the invention records a parameter relevant to the formation of sulfates in the area of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system and determines whether the parameter is within a value range that triggers sulfate formation. This parameter can be, for example, the temperature at the active surface of a catalytic converter present in the area of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, which can be an SCR catalytic converter or another catalytic converter used to reduce emissions that has, for example, active surfaces doped with noble metals.
Wenn die Messung des indikativen Parameters auf das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem hinweist und/oder sich der relevante Parameter innerhalb des die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet, dann werden die Emissionen der Brennkraftmaschine durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen so angepasst, dass eine Desulfatierung im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem stattfindet und/oder der Parameter den die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereich verlässt.If the measurement of the indicative parameter indicates the presence of sulfates in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system and / or the relevant parameter is within the value range that triggers sulfate formation, then the emissions of the internal combustion engine are adjusted by means of internal or post-engine measures so that desulfation takes place in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system and / or the parameter leaves the value range that triggers sulphate formation.
Es kann durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen erreicht werden, dass beispielsweise ein zur regenerativen Desulfatierung erforderlicher Temperaturbereich im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem erreicht wird, der zum Abbau von Ammoniumsulfat und/oder Ammoniumhydrogensulfat oder Sulfaten mit Aktivkomponenten des Katalysators benötigt wird.It can be achieved through internal or post-engine measures that, for example, a temperature range required for regenerative desulphation is achieved in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, which is required to break down ammonium sulphate and / or ammonium hydrogen sulphate or sulphates with active components of the catalyst.
Durch die geschilderten Maßnahmen wird erreicht, dass ein sicherer Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine möglich ist unter Einhaltung der Emissionsvorschriften, also beispielsweise die innermotorischen Maßnahmen auf eine Temperaturerhöhung des Abgases abzielen, ohne aber die für den sicheren Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine notwendigen Temperaturbereiche und/oder Druckbereiche zu verlassen.The measures outlined ensure that the internal combustion engine can be operated safely while complying with the emission regulations, i.e. for example internal engine measures aim to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas, but without leaving the temperature ranges and / or pressure ranges necessary for safe operation of the internal combustion engine.
Es kann sich dabei um eine temporäre Maßnahme handeln, die darauf abzielt, die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Katalysators wiederherzustellen, indem die dort abgelagerten Sulfate zersetzt werden, ohne aber im Katalysator einen die Temperaturstabilität des Katalysators überschreitenden Temperaturbereich zu erreichen.This can be a temporary measure aimed at restoring the reactivity of the catalyst by decomposing the sulfates deposited there, but without reaching a temperature range in the catalyst that exceeds the temperature stability of the catalyst.
Das Erreichen der zur Regeneration des Katalysators notwendigen Aktivierungstemperatur kann beispielsweise am Katalysatoreingang durch einen Temperatursensor gemessen werden oder aber unter Auswertung von für den Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine erforderlicher Betriebsdaten mittels eines rechnerischen Modells ermittelt werden.Reaching the activation temperature required for regeneration of the catalytic converter can be measured, for example, at the catalytic converter inlet by a temperature sensor, or it can be determined by evaluating the operating data required for the operation of the internal combustion engine by means of a computational model.
Zur Herbeiführung der notwendigen Aktivierungstemperatur kann beispielsweise in den Bereich stromaufwärts des Katalysators Kraftstoff eingedüst werden, der die erforderlichen Reduktionsmittel in der Form von Kohlenwasserstoffen im Katalysator bereitstellt. Bei dieser Maßnahme handelt es sich um eine postmotorische Maßnahme, also eine Maßnahme die abgastechnisch stromabwärts der Brennkraftmaschine stattfindet.To bring about the necessary activation temperature, for example, fuel can be injected into the area upstream of the catalytic converter, which fuel provides the required reducing agents in the form of hydrocarbons in the catalytic converter. This measure is a post-motor measure, that is to say a measure that takes place downstream of the internal combustion engine in terms of emissions.
Ergänzend oder alternativ hierzu ist es nach der Erfindung auch vorgesehen, innermotorische Maßnahmen zur Erreichung einer die Desulfatierung auslösenden Aktivierungstemperatur im Bereich eines Abgaskatalysators zu erreichen. Hierzu sind grundsätzlich alle innermotorischen Maßnahmen geeignet, die auch bei einer normalerweise im Niederlastbereich arbeitenden Brennkraftmaschine mit demgemäß niedrigen Abgastemperaturen zur Erreichung der Aktivierungstemperatur führen.In addition or as an alternative to this, the invention also provides for measures within the engine to be achieved in the area of an exhaust gas catalytic converter in order to achieve an activation temperature that triggers the desulfation. In principle, all internal engine measures are suitable for this, which lead to the activation temperature being reached even in an internal combustion engine normally operating in the low-load range with correspondingly low exhaust gas temperatures.
Es kann sich dabei beispielsweise um eine Vorverlagerung des Beginns der Kraftstoffeinspritzung in mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine handeln, die Kraftstoffeinspritzung wird also beispielsweise temporär in Richtung früh verschoben, verglichen mit dem im stationären Betrieb stattfindenden Einspritzbeginn. Wenn die Einspritzung von Kraftstoff früher einsetzt und die Einspritzdauer geringfügig verlängert wird, nimmt der Gesamtanteil an eingespritztem Kraftstoff zu, die Kohlenwasserstoffe im Abgas reichern sich an und damit kann es in einem stromabwärts nachgeschalteten Katalysator zum Erreichen der für die Regeneration benötigten Aktivierungstemperatur kommen. Auch kann dem Abgaskatalysator ein Oxidationskatalysator strömungstechnisch vorgelagert sein, der die für die Regeneration des Katalysators benötigte Wärme bereitstellt, indem er die zusätzlichen Kohlenwasserstoffe exotherm umsetzt.For example, the start of fuel injection can be shifted forward in at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine, i.e. fuel injection is temporarily shifted in the early direction compared to the start of injection that takes place in steady-state operation. If the injection of fuel starts earlier and the injection duration is slightly extended, the total proportion of injected fuel increases, the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas accumulate and the activation temperature required for regeneration can be reached in a downstream catalytic converter. The exhaust gas catalytic converter can also be preceded by an oxidation catalytic converter which provides the heat required for the regeneration of the catalytic converter by converting the additional hydrocarbons exothermically.
Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu ist es auch möglich, mindestens eine Kraftstoffnacheinspritzung in mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine durchzuführen. Beide geschilderten Maßnahmen führen zu einer Temperaturerhöhung des Abgases der Brennkraftmaschine, wodurch die Aktivierungstemperatur zur Regeneration zur Desulfatierung des Abgaskatalysators erreicht werden kann.As an alternative or in addition to this, it is also possible to carry out at least one post-injection of fuel into at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Both measures described lead to an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, as a result of which the activation temperature for regeneration for desulfation of the exhaust gas catalytic converter can be reached.
Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu ist es auch möglich, zumindest temporär mindestens eine Maßnahme zur Verschlechterung der Effizienz der Verbrennung in mindestens einem Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine zu ergreifen, also absichtlich die Kraftstoffverbrennung zur Anreicherung des Abgases der Brennkraftmaschine mit Kohlenwasserstoffen zu verschlechtern, um Kohlenwasserstoffe als Reduktionsmittel für die Regeneration des Katalysators bereitzustellen. Da es sich hierbei um eine temporäre Maßnahme handelt, kann dies auch intermittierend während des Regenerationsprozesses des Katalysators ablaufen, wozu beispielsweise eine Temperaturüberwachung des Katalysators möglich ist und die Maßnahme dann eingesetzt wird, wenn sich die im Katalysator gemessene Temperatur der Untergrenze der Aktivierungstemperatur nähert.As an alternative or in addition to this, it is also possible, at least temporarily, to take at least one measure to worsen the efficiency of the combustion in at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine, i.e. to deliberately worsen the fuel combustion to enrich the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine with hydrocarbons in order to use hydrocarbons as a reducing agent for the Provide regeneration of the catalyst. Since this is a temporary measure, this can also take place intermittently during the regeneration process of the catalyst, for which purpose, for example, the temperature of the catalyst can be monitored and the measure is used when the temperature measured in the catalyst approaches the lower limit of the activation temperature.
Die Verbrennung wird also nur so lange verschlechtert, bis die Aktivierungstemperatur für die Desulfatierung erreicht wurde und sodann wieder normalisiert und nur wieder aufgenommen, wenn sich die Temperatur im Katalysator der Untergrenze der Aktivierungstemperatur für die Desulfatierung nähert oder schon unter die Untergrenze abgesunken ist.The combustion is therefore only worsened until the activation temperature for desulfation has been reached and then normalized again and only resumed when the temperature in the catalyst approaches the lower limit of the activation temperature for desulfation or has already fallen below the lower limit.
Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu ist es nach der Erfindung auch vorgesehen, den mindestens einem Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführten Ansaugluftstrom zur Verringerung des Abgasvolumenstroms bei weitgehend unveränderter Zufuhr von Kraftstoff zu dem Arbeitszylinder zu reduzieren. Dadurch wird Abgas mit höherem unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffanteil bereitgestellt, welches beispielsweise einem dem Abgaskatalysator vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator zugeführt werden kann, wodurch eine Temperaturerhöhung des Abgases erreicht wird, die zum Erreichen der Aktivierungstemperatur für die Desulfatierung des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems ausreichend ist.As an alternative or in addition to this, the invention also provides for the intake air flow supplied to at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine to be reduced to reduce the exhaust gas volume flow while the supply of fuel to the working cylinder is largely unchanged. This provides exhaust gas with a higher unburned hydrocarbon content, which can be fed, for example, to an oxidation catalytic converter upstream of the exhaust gas catalytic converter, whereby an increase in temperature of the exhaust gas is achieved that is sufficient to reach the activation temperature for the desulfation of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system.
Wenn in dem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem ein SCR Katalysator enthalten ist, kann auf diese Weise Ammoniumsulfat und Ammoniumhydrogensulfat zersetzt werden und der Katalysator erreicht wieder seine ursprüngliche Leistungsfähigkeit, indem die Abgastemperatur durch die vorstehend geschilderten innermotorischen oder postmotorischen Maßnahmen auf eine Aktivierungstemperatur von etwa 350 Grad Celsius angehoben wird.If an SCR catalytic converter is contained in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen sulfate can be decomposed in this way and the catalytic converter regains its original performance by raising the exhaust gas temperature to an activation temperature of around 350 degrees Celsius using the internal or post-engine measures described above.
Ein im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem vorhandener Partikelfilter kann auf diese Weise mittels eines dem Partikelfilter vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator regeneriert werden. Ein Oxidationskatalysator kann beispielsweise auch dazu verwendet werden, die für die Regenerierung von Edelmetallkatalysatoren benötigte Abgastemperatur von 450 bis 550 Grad Celsius zu erreichen.A particulate filter present in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system can be regenerated in this way by means of an oxidation catalytic converter connected upstream of the particulate filter. An oxidation catalyst can also be used, for example, to reach the exhaust gas temperature of 450 to 550 degrees Celsius required for the regeneration of noble metal catalysts.
Mit den geschilderten innermotorischen Maßnahmen wird ein als fetteres Abgas zu bezeichnendes Abgas erreicht, mit dem im Katalysator des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems eine Temperatur erreicht wird, die zur Desulfatierung ausreichend ist, die aber so gesteuert wird, dass kein die Temperaturstabilität des Katalysators schädigendes Temperaturniveau erreicht wird.With the internal engine measures described, an exhaust gas that can be described as richer exhaust gas is achieved, with which a temperature is reached in the catalytic converter of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system that is sufficient for desulfation, but which is controlled in such a way that no temperature level damaging the temperature stability of the catalytic converter is reached.
Damit macht es das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren möglich, üblicherweise mit hochschwefelhaltigen Destillat- oder Rückstandsölen betriebene Brennkraftmaschinen, die zum Antrieb von Wasserfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, so zu betreiben, dass die jeweiligen Emissionsvorschriften eingehalten werden.The method according to the invention thus makes it possible to operate internal combustion engines, which are usually operated with high-sulfur distillate or residue oils and are used to drive watercraft, in such a way that the respective emission regulations are complied with.
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DE102013017230.6A DE102013017230B4 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2013-10-17 | Method for desulphating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
FI20145872A FI20145872L (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-06 | A method for removing sulfate from the exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
KR20140138099A KR20150044810A (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-14 | Method for desulphating an exhaust gas retreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
JP2014211495A JP2015078695A (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Desulfurizing method of exhaust gas post-treatment system in internal combustion engine |
CN201410551358.3A CN104564270B (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-17 | Method for desulphurizing an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
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CN109763886A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-17 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of after-treatment system and its control method |
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