DE102013017230A1 - Method for desulfating an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for desulfating an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE102013017230A1 DE102013017230A1 DE201310017230 DE102013017230A DE102013017230A1 DE 102013017230 A1 DE102013017230 A1 DE 102013017230A1 DE 201310017230 DE201310017230 DE 201310017230 DE 102013017230 A DE102013017230 A DE 102013017230A DE 102013017230 A1 DE102013017230 A1 DE 102013017230A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
- F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
- F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
- F01N2430/085—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
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- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
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- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/04—Filtering activity of particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
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- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1448—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure
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- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
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- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine mit folgenden Schritten vorgeschlagen: – das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem wird auf das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten durch Messung mindestens eines indikativen Parameters überprüft – zusätzlich oder alternativ wird mindestens ein für die Sulfatbildung im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems relevanter Parameter erfasst und festgestellt, ob sich der Parameter innerhalb eines die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet – beim Vorhandensein von Sulfaten und/oder Feststellen des Parameters innerhalb des Wertebereichs werden die Emissionen der Brennkraftmaschine durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen so angepasst, dass eine Desulfatierung im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem stattfindet und/oder der Parameter den die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereich verlässt.The invention relates to a method for desulfating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine comprising the following steps: the exhaust aftertreatment system is checked for the presence of sulfates by measuring at least one indicative parameter, additionally or alternatively, at least one parameter relevant for sulfate formation in the region of the exhaust aftertreatment system is detected and determined whether the parameter is within a sulphate-forming range of values - in the presence of sulphates and / or determining the parameter within the range of values, the emissions of the internal combustion engine by internal engine or post-engine measures are adjusted so that a desulfation takes place in the exhaust aftertreatment system and / or the parameter leaves the range causing the formation of sulfate.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a method for desulfating an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Immer strenger werdende Abgasvorschriften erfordern auch bei Wasserfahrzeugen in der Form von beispielsweise Schiffen bei den dort eingesetzten Brennkraftmaschinen die Verwendung von Abgasnachbehandlungssystemen mit beispielsweise Oxidationskatalysatoren, Partikelfiltern und SCR Katalysatoren, die zur Reduzierung der Stickoxidemissionen eingesetzt werden.Increasingly stringent exhaust gas regulations also require the use of exhaust aftertreatment systems with, for example, oxidation catalysts, particulate filters and SCR catalysts, which are used to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, even in the case of vessels in the form of, for example, ships.
Bei Schiffen kommen als Kraftstoffe meist Destillat- oder Rückstandsöle zum Einsatz, die einen hohen Schwefelanteil aufweisen. Der Schwefel gelangt über die Verbrennung in das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem und kann dort zur zumindest lokalen Deaktivierung des Katalysators und/oder des Partikelfilters führen.For ships, distillate or residual oils are usually used as fuels, which have a high sulfur content. The sulfur passes through the combustion in the exhaust aftertreatment system and can there lead to at least local deactivation of the catalyst and / or the particulate filter.
Bei einem zur NOx Reduzierung eingesetzten SCR Katalysator wird als Reduktionsmittel häufig Harnstoff eingesetzt, um Ammoniak freizusetzen, welches aber mit den im Abgas enthaltenen Schwefeloxiden Ammoniumsulfat und Ammoniumhydrogensulfat bildet, welches sich in den Katalysatorkanälen ablagert und so den Durchströmungswiderstand des Katalysators beträchtlich erhöhen kann.In a used for NOx reduction SCR catalyst is often used as a reducing agent urea to release ammonia, but which forms with the sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gas ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate, which deposits in the catalyst channels and so can increase the flow resistance of the catalyst considerably.
Bei hochschwefelhaltigen Kraftstoffen kann es sogar zu einer Verstopfung der Katalysatorkanäle kommen mit der Folge, dass der Abgasgegendruck im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem beträchtlich ansteigt und nicht nur Antriebsleistung verloren geht, da die von der Brennkraftmaschine zu erbringende Ausschiebearbeit deutlich ansteigt, sondern es besteht auch die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Brennkraftmaschine.With highly sulfur-containing fuels, it can even lead to a clogging of the catalyst channels with the result that the exhaust back pressure in the exhaust aftertreatment system increases considerably and not only drive power is lost because of the internal combustion engine to be provided Ausschiebearbeit increases significantly, but there is also a risk of damage internal combustion engine.
Auch bei mit Edelmetallen beschichteten Katalysatoren kann es durch die Schwefeloxide zu lokalen Vergiftungserscheinungen des Katalysators kommen, da der Schwefel mit den Aktivkomponenten des Katalysators, wie beispielsweise Platin, Palladium und Aluminium reagiert und Sulfate ausbildet, die die Umsetzungsrate des Katalysators beträchtlich verringern können.Even with catalysts coated with precious metals, the sulfur oxides may cause localized poisoning of the catalyst since the sulfur reacts with the active components of the catalyst such as platinum, palladium and aluminum to form sulfates which can significantly reduce the conversion rate of the catalyst.
Je höher der Schwefelanteil im eingesetzten Kraftstoff ist, desto schneller kommt es zu Vergiftungserscheinungen des Katalysators oder zum Anstieg des Abgasgegendrucks.The higher the sulfur content in the fuel used, the faster it comes to poisoning phenomena of the catalyst or to increase the exhaust back pressure.
Anhand der
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine bereitzustellen, mit dem die im Abgasnachbehandlungssystems vorhandenen Einrichtungen zur Nachbehandlung des Abgases regeneriert und leistungsfähig gehalten werden können.Object of the present invention is to provide a method for desulfating an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine, with which the existing devices in the exhaust aftertreatment system for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gas can be regenerated and maintained efficiently.
Die Erfindung weist zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale auf. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen hiervon sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen beschrieben.To solve this problem, the invention has the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments thereof are described in the further claims.
Die Erfindung stellt ein Verfahren zur Desulfatierung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine bereit, mit folgenden Schritten:
- – das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem wird auf das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten durch Messung mindestens eines indikativen Parameters überprüft
- – zusätzlich oder alternativ wird mindestens ein für die Sulfatbildung im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems relevanter Parameter erfasst und festgestellt, ob sich der Parameter innerhalb eines die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet
- – beim Vorhandensein von Sulfaten und/oder Feststellen des Parameters innerhalb des Wertebereichs werden die Emissionen der Brennkraftmaschine durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen so angepasst, dass eine Desulfatierung im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem stattfindet und/oder der Parameter den die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereich verlässt.
- The exhaust aftertreatment system is checked for the presence of sulphates by measuring at least one indicative parameter
- Additionally or alternatively, at least one parameter relevant to the formation of sulfate in the area of the exhaust aftertreatment system is detected and it is determined whether the parameter is within a value range triggering the sulphate formation
- - In the presence of sulfates and / or determining the parameter within the range of values, the emissions of the internal combustion engine by internal engine or post-engine measures are adjusted so that desulfation takes place in the exhaust aftertreatment system and / or the parameter leaves the sulfate formation triggering range.
Die Erfindung schafft mit anderen Worten ein Verfahren, bei dem zumindest ein für das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem indikativer Parameter überwacht wird, der also das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem anzeigt, bei dem es sich beispielsweise um den vom Abgasnachbehandlungssystem aufgebauten Abgasgegendruck handeln kann. Der Abgasgegendruck kann im gesamten Strömungsbereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems messtechnisch erfasst werden, da der sich der Brennkraftmaschine entgegensetzende Staudruck mit zunehmender Ablagerung von Sulfaten im Bereich eines Katalysators des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems ansteigt, je weiter die Sulfatierung fortgeschritten ist. Die Druckmessung kann also beispielsweise im Bereich des Einlasses des Katalysators stattfinden.In other words, the invention provides a method in which at least one indicative of the presence of sulfates in the exhaust aftertreatment system is monitored, which thus indicates the presence of sulfates in the exhaust aftertreatment system, which may be, for example, the exhaust backpressure established by the exhaust aftertreatment system. The exhaust gas backpressure can be detected by measurement in the entire flow range of the exhaust aftertreatment system, since the dynamic pressure opposing dynamic pressure increases with increasing deposition of sulfates in the range of a catalyst of the exhaust aftertreatment system, the further the sulfation has progressed. The pressure measurement can thus take place, for example, in the region of the inlet of the catalyst.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ zur Erfassung des das Vorhandensein von Ablagerungen im Abgasnachbehandlungssystems anzeigenden Parameters wird nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein für die Bildung von Sulfaten im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems relevanter Parameter erfasst und festgestellt, ob sich der Parameter innerhalb eines die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet. Bei diesem Parameter kann es sich beispielsweise um die Temperatur an der Wirkoberfläche eines im Bereich des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems vorhandenen Katalysators handeln, bei dem es sich um einen SCR Katalysator handeln kann oder um einen anderen zur Emissionsreduzierung eingesetzten Katalysator, der beispielsweise mit Edelmetallen dotierte Wirkoberflächen aufweist. In addition or as an alternative to detecting the parameter indicating the presence of deposits in the exhaust aftertreatment system, a parameter relevant for the formation of sulfates in the region of the exhaust aftertreatment system is detected by the method according to the invention and it is determined whether the parameter is within a value range triggering the formation of sulfate. This parameter may, for example, be the temperature at the effective surface of a catalyst present in the region of the exhaust aftertreatment system, which may be an SCR catalyst or another catalyst used for emission reduction, for example having active surfaces doped with precious metals.
Wenn die Messung des indikativen Parameters auf das Vorhandensein von Sulfaten im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem hinweist und/oder sich der relevante Parameter innerhalb des die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereichs befindet, dann werden die Emissionen der Brennkraftmaschine durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen so angepasst, dass eine Desulfatierung im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem stattfindet und/oder der Parameter den die Sulfatbildung auslösenden Wertebereich verlässt.If the measurement of the indicative parameter indicates the presence of sulphates in the exhaust aftertreatment system and / or the relevant parameter is within the sulphate-forming value range, then the engine emissions are adjusted by in-engine or post-engine measures such that desulphation occurs in the exhaust aftertreatment system and / or the parameter leaves the range causing the formation of sulfate.
Es kann durch innermotorische oder postmotorische Maßnahmen erreicht werden, dass beispielsweise ein zur regenerativen Desulfatierung erforderlicher Temperaturbereich im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem erreicht wird, der zum Abbau von Ammoniumsulfat und/oder Ammoniumhydrogensulfat oder Sulfaten mit Aktivkomponenten des Katalysators benötigt wird.It can be achieved by internal engine or post-engineered measures that, for example, a required for regenerative desulfation temperature range is achieved in the exhaust aftertreatment system, which is required for the degradation of ammonium sulfate and / or ammonium hydrogen sulfate or sulfates with active components of the catalyst.
Durch die geschilderten Maßnahmen wird erreicht, dass ein sicherer Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine möglich ist unter Einhaltung der Emissionsvorschriften, also beispielsweise die innermotorischen Maßnahmen auf eine Temperaturerhöhung des Abgases abzielen, ohne aber die für den sicheren Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine notwendigen Temperaturbereiche und/oder Druckbereiche zu verlassen.By the measures described ensures that safe operation of the internal combustion engine is possible in compliance with emissions regulations, so for example, the engine measures aim at increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas, but without leaving the necessary for the safe operation of the engine temperature ranges and / or pressure ranges.
Es kann sich dabei um eine temporäre Maßnahme handeln, die darauf abzielt, die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Katalysators wiederherzustellen, indem die dort abgelagerten Sulfate zersetzt werden, ohne aber im Katalysator einen die Temperaturstabilität des Katalysators überschreitenden Temperaturbereich zu erreichen.It may be a temporary measure aimed at restoring the catalyst's reactivity by decomposing the sulfates deposited there without, however, achieving a temperature range exceeding the temperature stability of the catalyst in the catalyst.
Das Erreichen der zur Regeneration des Katalysators notwendigen Aktivierungstemperatur kann beispielsweise am Katalysatoreingang durch einen Temperatursensor gemessen werden oder aber unter Auswertung von für den Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine erforderlicher Betriebsdaten mittels eines rechnerischen Modells ermittelt werden.The attainment of the activation temperature necessary for the regeneration of the catalyst can be measured, for example, at the catalyst inlet by a temperature sensor or can be determined by evaluating operating data required for the operation of the internal combustion engine by means of a mathematical model.
Zur Herbeiführung der notwendigen Aktivierungstemperatur kann beispielsweise in den Bereich stromaufwärts des Katalysators Kraftstoff eingedüst werden, der die erforderlichen Reduktionsmittel in der Form von Kohlenwasserstoffen im Katalysator bereitstellt. Bei dieser Maßnahme handelt es sich um eine postmotorische Maßnahme, also eine Maßnahme die abgastechnisch stromabwärts der Brennkraftmaschine stattfindet.To bring about the necessary activation temperature, it is possible, for example, to inject fuel into the region upstream of the catalyst, which provides the necessary reducing agents in the form of hydrocarbons in the catalyst. This measure is a post-motor measure, ie a measure that takes place downstream of the engine exhaust.
Ergänzend oder alternativ hierzu ist es nach der Erfindung auch vorgesehen, innermotorische Maßnahmen zur Erreichung einer die Desulfatierung auslösenden Aktivierungstemperatur im Bereich eines Abgaskatalysators zu erreichen. Hierzu sind grundsätzlich alle innermotorischen Maßnahmen geeignet, die auch bei einer normalerweise im Niederlastbereich arbeitenden Brennkraftmaschine mit demgemäß niedrigen Abgastemperaturen zur Erreichung der Aktivierungstemperatur führen.Additionally or alternatively, according to the invention, provision is also made for achieving engine-internal measures for achieving an activation temperature triggering desulfation in the region of an exhaust gas catalytic converter. For this purpose, basically all internal engine measures are suitable, which also result in a normally operating in the low load range internal combustion engine with accordingly low exhaust gas temperatures to achieve the activation temperature.
Es kann sich dabei beispielsweise um eine Vorverlagerung des Beginns der Kraftstoffeinspritzung in mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine handeln, die Kraftstoffeinspritzung wird also beispielsweise temporär in Richtung früh verschoben, verglichen mit dem im stationären Betrieb stattfindenden Einspritzbeginn. Wenn die Einspritzung von Kraftstoff früher einsetzt und die Einspritzdauer geringfügig verlängert wird, nimmt der Gesamtanteil an eingespritztem Kraftstoff zu, die Kohlenwasserstoffe im Abgas reichern sich an und damit kann es in einem stromabwärts nachgeschalteten Katalysator zum Erreichen der für die Regeneration benötigten Aktivierungstemperatur kommen. Auch kann dem Abgaskatalysator ein Oxidationskatalysator strömungstechnisch vorgelagert sein, der die für die Regeneration des Katalysators benötigte Wärme bereitstellt, indem er die zusätzlichen Kohlenwasserstoffe exotherm umsetzt.This may be, for example, a forward displacement of the beginning of the fuel injection in at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the fuel injection is therefore temporarily shifted, for example, early, compared with the beginning of injection taking place in stationary operation. If the injection of fuel starts earlier and the injection period is slightly increased, the total amount of injected fuel increases, the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas accumulate and thus it may come in a downstream downstream catalyst to reach the required activation temperature for regeneration. Also, the catalytic converter may be preceded by an oxidation catalyst, which provides the heat required for the regeneration of the catalyst by exothermically reacting the additional hydrocarbons.
Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu ist es auch möglich, mindestens eine Kraftstoffnacheinspritzung in mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine durchzuführen. Beide geschilderten Maßnahmen führen zu einer Temperaturerhöhung des Abgases der Brennkraftmaschine, wodurch die Aktivierungstemperatur zur Regeneration zur Desulfatierung des Abgaskatalysators erreicht werden kann.Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to carry out at least one subsequent fuel injection in at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Both measures described lead to a temperature increase of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, whereby the activation temperature for regeneration for desulfating the catalytic converter can be achieved.
Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu ist es auch möglich, zumindest temporär mindestens eine Maßnahme zur Verschlechterung der Effizienz der Verbrennung in mindestens einem Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine zu ergreifen, also absichtlich die Kraftstoffverbrennung zur Anreicherung des Abgases der Brennkraftmaschine mit Kohlenwasserstoffen zu verschlechtern, um Kohlenwasserstoffe als Reduktionsmittel für die Regeneration des Katalysators bereitzustellen. Da es sich hierbei um eine temporäre Maßnahme handelt, kann dies auch intermittierend während des Regenerationsprozesses des Katalysators ablaufen, wozu beispielsweise eine Temperaturüberwachung des Katalysators möglich ist und die Maßnahme dann eingesetzt wird, wenn sich die im Katalysator gemessene Temperatur der Untergrenze der Aktivierungstemperatur nähert.Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible, at least temporarily, to take at least one measure for the deterioration of the combustion efficiency in at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine, ie intentionally the fuel combustion for enriching the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine with hydrocarbons deteriorate to provide hydrocarbons as a reducing agent for the regeneration of the catalyst. Since this is a temporary measure, this can also take place intermittently during the regeneration process of the catalyst, including, for example, a temperature monitoring of the catalyst is possible and the measure is used when the temperature measured in the catalyst approaches the lower limit of the activation temperature.
Die Verbrennung wird also nur so lange verschlechtert, bis die Aktivierungstemperatur für die Desulfatierung erreicht wurde und sodann wieder normalisiert und nur wieder aufgenommen, wenn sich die Temperatur im Katalysator der Untergrenze der Aktivierungstemperatur für die Desulfatierung nähert oder schon unter die Untergrenze abgesunken ist.The combustion is therefore only deteriorated until the activation temperature for the desulfation has been reached and then normalized and only resumed when the temperature in the catalyst nears the lower limit of the activation temperature for the desulfation or has already dropped below the lower limit.
Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu ist es nach der Erfindung auch vorgesehen, den mindestens einem Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführten Ansaugluftstrom zur Verringerung des Abgasvolumenstroms bei weitgehend unveränderter Zufuhr von Kraftstoff zu dem Arbeitszylinder zu reduzieren. Dadurch wird Abgas mit höherem unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffanteil bereitgestellt, welches beispielsweise einem dem Abgaskatalysator vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator zugeführt werden kann, wodurch eine Temperaturerhöhung des Abgases erreicht wird, die zum Erreichen der Aktivierungstemperatur für die Desulfatierung des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems ausreichend ist.Alternatively or additionally, it is also provided according to the invention to reduce the at least one working cylinder of the internal combustion engine supplied intake air flow to reduce the exhaust gas flow with largely unchanged supply of fuel to the working cylinder. As a result, exhaust gas with a higher unburned hydrocarbon fraction is provided, which can be supplied, for example, to an exhaust gas catalytic converter upstream of the oxidation catalyst, whereby a temperature increase of the exhaust gas is achieved, which is sufficient to achieve the activation temperature for the desulfation of the exhaust aftertreatment system.
Wenn in dem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem ein SCR Katalysator enthalten ist, kann auf diese Weise Ammoniumsulfat und Ammoniumhydrogensulfat zersetzt werden und der Katalysator erreicht wieder seine ursprüngliche Leistungsfähigkeit, indem die Abgastemperatur durch die vorstehend geschilderten innermotorischen oder postmotorischen Maßnahmen auf eine Aktivierungstemperatur von etwa 350 Grad Celsius angehoben wird.In this way, when an SCR catalyst is included in the exhaust aftertreatment system, ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen sulfate can be decomposed and the catalyst regains its original performance by raising the exhaust temperature to an activation temperature of about 350 degrees Celsius by the aforementioned engine or post-engine measures.
Ein im Abgasnachbehandlungssystem vorhandener Partikelfilter kann auf diese Weise mittels eines dem Partikelfilter vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator regeneriert werden. Ein Oxidationskatalysator kann beispielsweise auch dazu verwendet werden, die für die Regenerierung von Edelmetallkatalysatoren benötigte Abgastemperatur von 450 bis 550 Grad Celsius zu erreichen.An existing in the exhaust aftertreatment system particulate filter can be regenerated in this way by means of an oxidation catalyst upstream of the particulate filter. An oxidation catalyst can also be used, for example, to achieve the exhaust gas temperature required for the regeneration of noble metal catalysts of 450 to 550 degrees Celsius.
Mit den geschilderten innermotorischen Maßnahmen wird ein als fetteres Abgas zu bezeichnendes Abgas erreicht, mit dem im Katalysator des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems eine Temperatur erreicht wird, die zur Desulfatierung ausreichend ist, die aber so gesteuert wird, dass kein die Temperaturstabilität des Katalysators schädigendes Temperaturniveau erreicht wird.With the described internal engine measures to be designated as a richer exhaust gas exhaust gas is achieved with the catalyst of the exhaust aftertreatment system a temperature sufficient for desulfation, but which is controlled so that no temperature stability of the catalyst damaging temperature level is reached.
Damit macht es das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren möglich, üblicherweise mit hochschwefelhaltigen Destillat- oder Rückstandsölen betriebene Brennkraftmaschinen, die zum Antrieb von Wasserfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, so zu betreiben, dass die jeweiligen Emissionsvorschriften eingehalten werden.Thus, the method according to the invention makes it possible to operate normally with high-sulfur distillate or residual oils operated internal combustion engines, which are used to drive watercraft, so that the respective emissions regulations are met.
Hinsichtlich vorstehend im Einzelnen nicht näher erläuterter Merkmale der Erfindung wird im Übrigen ausdrücklich auf die Einsprechende Zeichnung verwiesen.With regard to features of the invention which are not explained in greater detail above, reference is expressly made to the appellant's drawings.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
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DE102013017230.6A DE102013017230B4 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2013-10-17 | Method for desulphating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
FI20145872A FI20145872L (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-06 | A method for removing sulfate from the exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
KR20140138099A KR20150044810A (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-14 | Method for desulphating an exhaust gas retreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
JP2014211495A JP2015078695A (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-16 | Desulfurizing method of exhaust gas post-treatment system in internal combustion engine |
CN201410551358.3A CN104564270B (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2014-10-17 | Method for desulphurizing an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
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CN109763886A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-17 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of after-treatment system and its control method |
CN110761883A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-02-07 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for predicting sulfur poisoning |
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