DE102013005384A1 - Thermal solar collector - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermal solar collector (1) for obtaining heat has a collector housing (10), an absorber (20) arranged therein and through which a heat transfer fluid flows, for receiving solar radiation, a first absorber line (21) leading to the absorber (20), one from the absorber (20 ) outgoing second absorber line (22), a pump (2) for circulating a heat transfer fluid, a photovoltaic module (3) and an air cooling unit (4), the pump (2) and the photovoltaic module (3) being arranged within the collector housing (10) are. As a result, a thermal solar collector (1) is provided for heat generation, which functions almost autonomously and is simple, space-saving and inexpensive to install.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a thermal solar collector for heat recovery with a collector housing, an absorber, a pump and a photovoltaic module which can be cooled by an air cooling unit. The pump and the photovoltaic module are arranged inside the collector housing.

State of the art

Thermal solar collectors are increasingly being used for domestic water heating and / or space heating due to their high efficiency. This is due to increasing environmental awareness as well as economic considerations due to high and still rising energy prices.

This is from the DE 102008011983 A1 a thermal solar system with a collector known, which consists of two successive flat bed collectors with an overheating protection. The collector is connected via a circuit with a heat storage. In each case, a multi-way valve is located at the connections of flow and return of the collector, wherein in a first switching position of the two multi-way valves they release the flow path from the collector to the heat exchanger of a thermal generator, so that the heat transfer medium flows through both the collector and the heat exchanger one behind the other , The heat exchanger is located at the rear of the collector. In contrast to the present invention, a pump is located between the collector and the heat exchanger outside a collector housing.

The DE 102007041267 A1 shows a solar thermal collector whose absorber and thermal insulation are formed of polymer material.

From the DE 202006001289 U1 a solar collector with a buoyant plate is known on which there is a photovoltaic element, a circulation pump and a solar surface. The electrical energy is passed directly to the circulation pump.

Finally, the shows DE 7801257 U1 a solar collector with a housing in which two absorber tube systems, a thermostat switch, a circulation pump, thermostatically controlled control valves and a surge tank are arranged. Here, the circulation pump is under an additional cover. By default, pumps for circulating a heat transfer fluid within an absorber are part of a so-called solar station and usually weather-protected in a building arranged, for. B. in a boiler room, where the solar system with other thermal equipment, eg. B. heat exchanger, is coupled and the control unit is mounted. The solar system is also powered by the building. The reliability of the solar thermal collector depends on the integration into an existing hot water supply system and / or heating system.

These known from the prior art devices thus have the disadvantage that in this form of installation of a solar system to the installation of the solar collector, an additional installation and installation costs for integration is required together with an additional space and good technical knowledge of an installer. This has a total cost-increasing effect on the solar system.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a solar thermal collector available, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, works almost self-sufficient and is easy to install and save space.

This object is achieved by a thermal solar collector with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

• • einem Kollektorgehäuse,
• • einem darin angeordneten und von einem Wärmeträgerfluid durchströmten Absorber zur Aufnahme von Solarstrahlung,
• • einer zum Absorber führenden ersten Absorberleitung,
• • einer vom Absorber abgehenden zweiten Absorberleitung,
• • einer Pumpe zur Umwälzung eines Wärmeträgerfluids,
• • einem Photovoltaikmodul und
• • einer Luftkühlungseinheit zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei die Pumpe und das

Photovoltaikmodul innerhalb des Kollektorgehäuses angeordnet sind und das Photovoltaikmodul durch die Luftkühlungseinheit kühlbar ist. Zur Steuerung der Pumpe in Abhängigkeit von der Solarstrahlung kann das Photovoltaikmodul mit dieser verbunden sein.For this purpose, a thermal solar collector according to the invention

• A collector housing,
• An absorber arranged therein and through which a heat transfer fluid flows, for receiving solar radiation,
• A first absorber line leading to the absorber,
• A second absorber line emerging from the absorber,
• A pump for circulating a heat transfer fluid,
• • a photovoltaic module and
• • an air cooling unit provided, the pump and the

Photovoltaic module are arranged within the collector housing and the photovoltaic module is cooled by the air cooling unit. To control the pump as a function of the solar radiation, the photovoltaic module can be connected to this.

As a result, the solar thermal collector can be easily, quickly and quickly installed by a non-specialist. There will be neither additional space in a building nor one external power needed. This solar collector works autonomously, requires only the leading to the absorber and the outgoing from the absorber line and can thus be referred to as a "plug and play" system. Furthermore, by integrating the pump and the photovoltaic module within the collector housing, the degree of prefabrication is higher. Thus problems can be eliminated due to a faulty installation or installation of a solar station from the outset. In addition, the air cooling unit can be arranged on and / or within the collector housing.

Finally, this solar collector, z. B. by using conventional pneumatic tubing to existing heating and / or hot water systems by means of "hot tappig" method, d. H. Installation of additional outlets or connections in pressurized systems, without having to drain them, attached or connected to an existing heat exchanger. The connection of the solar thermal collector via hoses to the existing heating and or hot water system can also be carried out via cutting piston, which are activated by a propellant charge, or by a tapping and implementation of a branch point with stopcock. In general, the connection is made by means of plastic hoses and "One Way", ie no longer detachable, connectors.

The air cooling unit can advantageously be designed as cooling fins. In this case, the thermal solar collector can be cooled by the cooling fins formed on a rear wall of the solar collector for convective cooling.

As a result, the components of the solar collector in stagnation, ie in the absence of heat emission by a heat consumer and high absorption of solar radiation, exposed to much lower temperatures. Thus, more heat sensitive components and materials can be used, which meet lower requirements for temperature resistance and therefore may also be cheaper than conventional high temperature resistant components and materials.

Alternatively, in the air cooling unit of the solar thermal collector, a fan arrangement for forced cooling may be formed on and / or in the collector housing. Forced cooling allows the components to be cooled quickly and reliably. Furthermore, the control of the fan arrangement by the photovoltaic module in dependence on the solar radiation done. Thus, in turn, more heat sensitive components and materials can be used that meet lower requirements for temperature resistance and therefore in turn can be cheaper than conventional high temperature resistant components and materials.

Advantageously, the photovoltaic module can be arranged in a thermally insulated area within the collector housing. This can be cooled with a lower energy consumption of electrical power, the solar module. Or with the same energy consumption of electrical power, the solar module can be cooled more. Due to the thermally separated from the absorber area, the temperature-sensitive components can be cooled even more efficient and stronger.

The photovoltaic module can advantageously be connected to a control unit arranged in the collector housing. In addition, the control unit of the solar collector may have an interface, for example a USB interface, for data exchange. This allows all malfunctions and system parameters to be read out, to reset operating states and to program them. As a result, an additional electronic documentation of all operating states and parameters during the service life of the solar collector can be made available. In addition, the control unit may be connected to a receiver and / or transmitter unit for data exchange. As a result, the transmission of status data of the solar collector with the transmitting unit can take place. This also alarms of malfunctions can be transmitted wirelessly. Furthermore, the solar collector can thus be controlled wirelessly.

Furthermore, the control unit of the solar collector can be connected to a status display. As a result, the solar collector can indicate a malfunction by optical signals. But also acoustic signals are possible in case of malfunction. These monitoring functions in turn increase the operational safety of the solar collector.

With the control unit, a central heating system can be controlled based on the received by the receiver unit weather data and / or weather forecasts. Thus, unnecessary heating periods can be avoided. As a result, an advance planning of a heating cycle can be carried out in an energy-saving manner

Advantageously, an electrical energy store is provided in the collector housing. This may be connected to the control unit. As a result, the pump, the fan arrangement, the control unit or the receiver and / or transmission unit can be supplied with power independently of the solar radiation acting in the photovoltaic module be operated without power supply through the photovoltaic module. In addition, the electrical energy unit of the solar collector can be connected to an external power connection. As a result, the electrical reliability can be increased again. Even with a failure of the photovoltaic module and a resulting empty electrical energy storage of the solar collector would still be ready. Furthermore, the fault tolerance of the entire system is increased. The control unit, the receiver and / or transmitting unit and the energy storage are advantageously arranged coolable. As a result, the control unit, the receiver and / or transmitting unit and the energy storage in stagnation, ie in the absence of heat emission by a heat consumer and high absorption of solar radiation, exposed to much lower temperatures. Thus, this heat sensitive components can be used, which meet lower requirements for temperature resistance and therefore can be cheaper than conventional high temperature resistant components.

Advantageously, the absorber is connected to a preferably arranged within the collector housing, open-top equalizing vessel. As a result, caused by temperature fluctuations volume changes of the heat transfer fluid can be inexpensively and automatically by a simple arrangement, such. B. by a spring-loaded check valve with a ball, be compensated.

Advantageously, the ratio of the length l to the width b of the collector housing follows the equation l / b = l + b / l , This corresponds to an embodiment according to the rules of the "golden section". Thus, an optimal ratio for the best possible flow through the absorber can be achieved. This allows the most even and thus most efficient flow and thereby the maximum energy yield. Furthermore, this ratio and the associated proportions can be used to define a shapely and aesthetic collector housing.

The thermal collector arrangement for heat recovery advantageously has at least one further solar collector coupled thereto. By this arrangement, simple solar collectors or "slave modules", which have only one absorber without further components, with a so-called "master module", a solar panels, the photovoltaic module, pump, fan assembly, control unit and / or receiver and / or or transmitting unit, are combined inexpensively and centrally controlled. This arrangement of the "master module" can also be used to configure and connect several "slave modules" as "master-slave solar collectors". This allows cost-effective installation of larger solar thermal systems. Furthermore, several solar collectors are thus controlled by a master solar collector.

• a) Bereitstellen einer Energieversorgung;
• b) Bereitstellen eines Datenspeichers;
• c) Bereitstellen einer Steuereinheit;
• d) Bereitstellen der Empfangseinheit;
• e) Empfangen von Wetterdaten und Wetterprognosen durch die Empfangseinheit;
• f) Übermitteln der Wetterdaten und Wetterprognosen von der Empfangseinheit an die Steuereinheit;
• g) Übermitteln von Statusparametern aus dem Datenspeicher an die Steuereinheit;
• h) Berechnen einer Vorrausplanung eines Heizzyklus eines zentralen Warmwasserspeichers basierend auf der noch vorhandenen Wärmeenergie und der zu erwartenden Wärmeenergie;
• i) Steuern eines zentralen Warmwasserspeichers durch die Steuereinheit;

The object of this invention can also be achieved by a method of operating a solar thermal collector. The method may include the following steps:

• a) providing a power supply;
• b) providing a data memory;
• c) providing a control unit;
• d) providing the receiving unit;
• e) receiving weather data and weather forecasts by the receiving unit;
• f) transmitting the weather data and weather forecasts from the receiving unit to the control unit;
• g) transmitting status parameters from the data memory to the control unit;
• h) calculating a pre-planning a heating cycle of a central hot water tank based on the remaining heat energy and the expected heat energy;
• i) controlling a central hot water tank by the control unit;

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be explained with reference to several embodiments, together with the accompanying drawings. This shows:

1 a schematic representation of a solar thermal collector in a first embodiment of the present invention;

2 a schematic representation of a solar thermal collector with a fan assembly in a second embodiment of the present invention;

3 a schematic representation of a thermal solar collector with a thermally insulated area in a third embodiment of the present invention;

4 a schematic representation of a solar thermal collector with a control unit, a receiver and transmitter unit in a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

5 a schematic representation of a solar thermal collector with an electrical energy storage in a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

6 a schematic representation of a solar thermal collector with a Compensation vessel in a sixth embodiment of the present invention and

7 a schematic representation of a thermal collector assembly with a master module and two slave modules.

In the following, directional data refer to the drawing plane unless otherwise stated in the text.

Detailed description of a first embodiment

The 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a solar thermal collector 1 for heat recovery, or which is suitable for the conversion of solar radiation into thermal energy, with a collector housing 10 , an absorber 20 , a pump 2 , a photovoltaic module 3 and an air cooling unit 4 consisting of air inlet area 4a and air outlet area 4b ,

The collector housing 10 is frame-shaped and rectangular. The solar radiation facing front of the solar collector 1 is provided with a cover, in particular with a cover, to reduce heat loss.

The in the collector housing 10 arranged absorber 20 is traversed by a heat transfer fluid, which in the flow through the by the absorber 20 absorbed solar radiation is heated. The absorber 20 is with one of a consumer to the absorber 20 leading return line or first absorber line 21 and one from the absorber 20 to the consumer outgoing flow line or second absorber line 22 connected to the consumer.

In 1 is the absorber 20 as a flat collector with an absorber tube 23 and an absorber sheet 24 formed, in which the solar radiation from the absorber sheet 24 is recorded. The meander-shaped absorber sheet 23 is on the absorber sheet 24 connected by means of cohesive joining, whereby a high heat transfer coefficient associated with a high heat transfer is achieved.

For circulating or for transporting the heat transfer fluid in the absorber 20 is the pump 2 in the collector housing 10 arranged. In this embodiment, the pump is 2 in the branch of the first absorber line 21 provided with the heat transfer fluid to be heated to the absorber 20 is forwarded. Since the temperature of the heat transfer fluid before flowing through the absorber 20 is lower than after flowing through the absorber 20 , is also the thermal load of the pump 2 lower.

The for the operation of the pump 2 required energy is provided by the photovoltaic module 3 made available. The photovoltaic module 3 can also be referred to as a solar module and converts the energy of the solar radiation directly into electrical energy using the photoelectric effect. Due to the direct electrical connection from the pump 2 with the photovoltaic module 3 is the pump 2 powered or in operation depending on the solar radiation. Thus, the pump 2 only when needed, so acute solar radiation, powered and active. This will increase the life of the pump 2 clearly increased. In addition, z. B. no disturbing noises at night.

To the thermal load of the photovoltaic module 3 , with a simultaneous increase in the efficiency of electrical energy production, to reduce, points the solar collector 1 the air cooling unit 4 on. For this purpose, in this embodiment, the air inlet area 4a and the air outlet area 4b on the long sides of the solar thermal collector 1 arranged on opposite sides. As a result, a flow or cooling of the temperature-sensitive components in the longitudinal direction is provided. The direction of action of the air cooling is in this case of the air inlet area 4a to the air outlet area 4b directed and based on convection.

By integrating the pump 2 , the photovoltaic module 3 and the air cooling unit 4 in the collector housing 10 of the solar collector 1 is the degree of prefabrication higher and thus an assembly can be automated. Furthermore, problems due to a faulty installation or installation of a solar station can be switched off from the outset. In addition, weather influences on these components can be reduced.

Detailed description of a second embodiment

In a second embodiment and as out 2 Removable is a fan assembly for forced cooling in the collector housing 10 arranged. Here is a fan 5 on the inside of the air intake area 4a provided, the ambient air for flowing through the collector housing 10 from the air intake area 4a to the air outlet area 4b transported while the temperature of the flowed around by the sucked air photovoltaic module 3 reduced. As a result, the convection-based cooling is significantly improved by this forced cooling.

Because the fan 5 directly with the photovoltaic module 3 is electrically connected, the additional forced cooling is done by the fan 5 depending on the solar radiation. Thus, the fan 5 only when needed, so acute solar radiation, powered and activated. This will increase the life of the fan 5 clearly increased. In addition, no disturbing noises are generated at night.

Detailed description of a third embodiment

The 3 shows a thermally insulated area within the collector housing 10 through an insulator 7 thermally separated from the environment.

In contrast to the embodiments 1 and 2 is the air inlet area in this embodiment 4a on one longitudinal side and the air outlet area 4b on a transverse side of the solar thermal collector 1 arranged. As a result, a flow or cooling of the temperature-sensitive components is provided by the shortest route. The direction of action of the air cooling is again from the air inlet area 4a to the air outlet area 4b directed and is mainly based on the forced cooling. By flowing through the thermally insulated area with that of the fan 5 promoted ambient air, the temperature of the flowed around by the sucked air photovoltaic module 3 be reduced again or at the same temperature of the photovoltaic module 3 the power consumption of the fan 5 be reduced.

Detailed description of a fourth embodiment

Again 4 Removable, points the thermal solar collector 1 additionally one in the collector housing 10 arranged control unit 8th , a recipient 9a and a transmitting unit 9b on. The control unit 8th is with the photovoltaic module 3 directly electrically connected. Furthermore, the recipient 9a and the transmitting unit 9b with the control unit 8th directly electrically connected. In this embodiment, the control unit 8th , the recipients- 9a and the transmitting unit 9b within the thermally insulated area of the collector housing 10 arranged. This in turn provides optimal cooling and reduces the thermal load on these components.

The through the receiver unit 9a received weather data and weather forecasts are sent to the control unit 8th transmitted. As a result, a pre-planning of a heating cycle of a central hot water storage is calculated based on the remaining heat energy and the expected heat energy. Thus, heating periods of the central heating system are reduced and thus is the control unit 8th energy-saving intervening. There are also software updates for the control unit 8th transferable.

Through the transmitting unit 9b are status data of the solar thermal collector 1 can be transmitted to a user interface and / or to a data memory. Thus, information such as pump running time, sunshine duration, flow and return temperature, the amount of energy gained, etc. are transferable to a user. In addition, the information can be stored logged.

Detailed description of a fifth embodiment

The 5 shows one about the control unit 8th with the photovoltaic module 3 electrically connected electrical energy storage 11 , The energy storage 11 is also inside the collector housing 10 arranged in the thermally insulated area. Thereby, the pump, the fan assembly, the control unit or the receiver and / or transmitting unit is independent of the in the photovoltaic module 3 supplying solar radiation with electricity. Furthermore, all status parameters can be logged.

Detailed description of a sixth embodiment

The temperature changes occurring during operation of the heat transfer fluid cause a change in volume, by means of a surge tank 6 are compensable. This equalizing vessel 6 is part of the solar collector in this embodiment 1 and essentially at the installation position of the solar collector 1 highest point of the absorber 1 or the second absorber line 22 connected and arranged. In the equalization tank 6 the heat transfer fluid is indicated.

In contrast to the embodiments 3 to 5 In this embodiment, the air inlet area 4a and the air outlet area 4b on the long sides of the solar thermal collector 1 arranged. As a result, a flow or cooling of the temperature-sensitive components in the longitudinal direction is provided.

Detailed description of a seventh embodiment

Due to the integrated arrangement of all components within the solar thermal collector 1 and a special embodiment of the air cooling unit 4 , is to the thermal solar collector according to the invention 101 another thermal solar collector 102 arranged adjacent. Out 7 is a collector arrangement 100 , the solar thermal collector 1 , or as a master module 101 referred, and the other thermal solar collector 102 as a slave module 102 designated, removable. The further thermal solar collector 102 is as a prior art solar collector without a pump 2 , Photovoltaic module 3 , Air cooling unit 4 etc. and can be connected both in parallel and in series.

The preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration purposes only and do not limit the scope of protection.

In further embodiments, a filler neck is conceivable for filling the collector circuit, which allows easy filling of the heat transfer fluid circuit. The filler neck can be additionally formed with a safety valve that protects the collector circuit from damaging overpressures. In this case, the filler neck can be arranged both together and separately from the expansion tank, but is arranged substantially at the highest point of the collector circuit.

In frost-free areas and regions, water is conceivable as the heat transfer fluid. In contrast, in non-frost-free areas and regions z. B. a glycol mixture conceivable.

To decouple the heating system with the solar thermal collector and the use of a heat exchanger is conceivable.

For additional cooling, a use of a second fan is conceivable, which is arranged at the air outlet.

It is also conceivable to arrange a control unit, a receiver and a transmitting unit outside a thermally insulated area of the collector housing.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

solar collector

2

pump

3

photovoltaic module

4

Air cooling unit

4a

Air intake area

4b

air outlet

5

fan

6

expansion tank

7

insulator

8th

control unit

9a

receiver unit

9b

transmission unit

10

collector housing

11

energy storage

12

interface

20

absorber

21

first absorber line

22

second absorber line

23

absorber tube

24

absorber plate

100

thermal collector arrangement

101

Master module

102

Slave module

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102008011983 A1 [0003]
• DE 102007041267 A1 [0004]
• DE 202006001289 U1 [0005]
• DE 7801257 U1 [0006]

Claims (10)

Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) for heat recovery with a collector housing ( 10 ), arranged therein and traversed by a heat transfer fluid absorber ( 20 ) for receiving solar radiation, an absorber ( 20 ) leading first absorber line ( 21 ), one from the absorber ( 20 ) outgoing second absorber line ( 22 ), a pump ( 2 ) for circulating a heat transfer fluid, a photovoltaic module ( 3 ) and an air cooling unit ( 4 ), whereby the pump ( 2 ) and the photovoltaic module ( 3 ) within the collector housing ( 10 ) are arranged. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the air cooling unit ( 4 ) is designed as a cooling ribs. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the air cooling unit ( 4 ) is designed as a fan assembly. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic module ( 3 ) in a thermally insulated area within the collector housing ( 10 ) is arranged. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic module ( 3 ) with a in the collector housing ( 10 ) arranged control unit ( 8th ) connected is. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit ( 8th ) with a receiver ( 9a ) and / or a transmitting unit ( 9b ) is connected to the data exchange. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the collector housing ( 10 ) an electrical energy store ( 11 ) is provided. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorber ( 20 ) with a preferably within the collector housing ( 10 ), open at the top of the expansion tank ( 6 ) connected is. Thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of the length l to the width b of the collector housing ( 10 ) of the equation l / b = l + b / l follows. Thermal collector arrangement ( 100 ), which at least one thermal solar collector ( 1 ) according to claim 1 to 9 and at least one further solar collector coupled thereto.

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