DE102013002981A1 - Optical arrangement of e.g. three-dimensional electron microscopy used for tumor diagnostics, has transparent thin light sheet whose sides are illuminated by light exactly or nearly perpendicular to direction of observation - Google Patents
Optical arrangement of e.g. three-dimensional electron microscopy used for tumor diagnostics, has transparent thin light sheet whose sides are illuminated by light exactly or nearly perpendicular to direction of observation Download PDFInfo
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- DE102013002981A1 DE102013002981A1 DE201310002981 DE102013002981A DE102013002981A1 DE 102013002981 A1 DE102013002981 A1 DE 102013002981A1 DE 201310002981 DE201310002981 DE 201310002981 DE 102013002981 A DE102013002981 A DE 102013002981A DE 102013002981 A1 DE102013002981 A1 DE 102013002981A1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/365—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
- G02B21/367—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/16—Microscopes adapted for ultraviolet illumination ; Fluorescence microscopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0032—Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers
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Abstract
Description
Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, mit dem störende Abschattungen in der Lichtblattmikroskopie verringert werden können, sowie die Kombination dieser Technik mit mehreren anderen mikroskopischen Techniken.A method is described which can reduce spurious shadowing in light sheet microscopy and the combination of this technique with several other microscopic techniques.
Stand der Technik:State of the art:
Bei der Lichtblattmikroskopie werden durchsichtige Präparate von der Seite mit einem dünnen Lichtblatt durchleuchtet und die so entstehenden optischen Schnitte von oben mit einer Kamera aufgenommen. Wenn das Objektsukzessive senkrecht durch das Lichtblatt geschoben wird und die vielen optischen Schnitte aufgenommen werden, kann aus den aufgenommenen Einzelbildern schließlich eine 3 dimensionale Rekonstruktion des Objektes berechnet werden.In light-sheet microscopy, transparent specimens are transilluminated from the side with a thin sheet of light and the resulting optical sections are taken from above with a camera. When the object successive is pushed vertically through the light sheet and the many optical sections are taken, a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the object can finally be calculated from the recorded individual images.
Ein Problem bei der Lichtblattbeleuchtung ist, daß absorbierende Strukturen im Objekt zu dunklen Streifen in den Einzelbildern führen.A problem with the light sheet illumination is that absorbing structures in the object lead to dark stripes in the frames.
Dem soll dadurch Abhilfe geschaffen werden, daß nicht nur mit einem Lichtblatt von der Seite sondern mit mehr als 2 Lichtblättern, z. B. 4 Lichblättern im 90 Grad Winkel beleuchtet wird (
Eine weitere Lösungsmöglichkeit ist, die flächenhafte Beleuchtung des Objekts durch einen um das Objekt kreisenden, dünnen, auf die Objektmitte fokussierten Laserstrahl herzustellen. Damit werden keine ganzen dunklen Streifen, sondern nur noch spitz zulaufende Abschattungszonen erzeugt, ebenfalls ein Vorteil gegenüber den langgezogenen dunklen Streifen in den herkömmlichen Lichtblättern.Another possible solution is to produce the planar illumination of the object by a thin, focused on the object center around the object laser beam. Thus, no entire dark stripes, but only tapered shading zones are generated, also an advantage over the elongated dark stripes in the conventional light sheets.
Bei der oben beschriebenen Anordnung ohne Filter kann Streulicht detektiert werden. Wird ein Fluoreszensfilter vor die Kamera gesetzt, so kann bei Beleuchtung mit Licht kürzerer Wellenlänge als der Detektionswellenlänge des Fluoreszensfilters, Fluoreszens detektiert werden.In the arrangement without filter described above, stray light can be detected. If a fluorescence filter is placed in front of the camera, fluorescence can be detected when illuminated with light of shorter wavelength than the detection wavelength of the fluorescence filter.
Zur Beleuchtung kommt auch ein Weißlichtlaser in Frage, falls Streulicht oder Fluoreszenslicht verschiedener Wellenlänge detektiert werden sollen. Der Vorteil des Weißlichtlasers ist, daß für die Beleuchtung interessante Wellenlängen durch Filter oder AOTFs je nach Bedarf des Präparats herausgefiltert werden können, da man nicht auf eine fixe Laserwellenlänge festgelegt ist.A white-light laser is also suitable for illumination if scattered light or fluorescent light of different wavelengths is to be detected. The advantage of the white light laser is that interesting wavelengths for the illumination can be filtered out by filters or AOTFs as required by the specimen, since one is not fixed to a fixed laser wavelength.
Zur Auflösungserhöhung können die Lichtblätter über das STED Verfahren wesentlich dünner gemacht werden, wie in beschrieben. Je dünner die Lichtblätter, desto größer die Neigung zur Streifenbildung und desto wichtiger das obige Verfahren zu ihrer Vermeidung.To increase the resolution, the light sheets can be made substantially thinner using the STED method, as described in US Pat. The thinner the light sheets, the greater the tendency to streak and the more important the above method to avoid them.
Ein Problem beim Aufnehmen geklärter Präparate sind optische Aberrationen, die die Auflösung deutlich verschlechtern. Diese können durch Verwendung sogenannter adaptiver Optik verbessert werden. Dabei wird ein deformierbarer Spiegel in den Abbildungsstrahlengang eingebracht und die optischen Aberrationen werden durch Verformung des Spiegels kompensiert. Hierbei wird der Spiegel zunächst zufällig verformt und dann durch Ausprobieren und einen geeigneten Algorithmus die optimale Spiegelform gefunden. Maß ist hierbei der Kontrast im Bild.One problem with taking in clarified preparations is optical aberrations, which significantly worsen the resolution. These can be improved by using so-called adaptive optics. In this case, a deformable mirror is introduced into the imaging beam path and the optical aberrations are compensated by deformation of the mirror. Here, the mirror is first deformed randomly and then found by trial and error and a suitable algorithm, the optimal mirror shape. The measure here is the contrast in the picture.
In letzter Zeit wird die korrelative Mikroskopie, also die Darstellung von Präparaten in der Lichtmikroskopie für die Übersicht und in der Elektronenmikroskopie für die Detailaufnahmen immer interessanter. Hierfür eignet sich insbesondere die Lichtblattmikroskopie, wenn das Klärmedium anschließende Elektronenmikroskopie erlaubt. So müssen insbesondere die Zellmembranen beim Klärvorgang zumindest zum Teil erhalten bleiben. Dann kann z. B. zunächst ein Hirnareal zur Übersicht der Faserverläufe mit dem Lichtblattmikroskop aufgenommen werden und dann die synaptischen Verbindungen mit dem Elektronenmikroskop dargestellt werden.Recently, correlative microscopy, ie the presentation of specimens in light microscopy for the overview and in electron microscopy for the detail images is becoming increasingly interesting. Light sheet microscopy is particularly suitable for this purpose if the clarification medium permits subsequent electron microscopy. In particular, the cell membranes must be at least partially preserved during the clarification process. Then z. B. first recorded a brain area to overview the fiber profiles with the light sheet microscope and then the synaptic connections are shown with the electron microscope.
Die oben beschriebenen Verfahren können insbesondere in der Pathologie verwendet werden. So können cm große Tumorpräparate untersucht werden um festzustellen, ob bei der Operation der Tumor vollständig entfernt wurde. Insbesondere dabei sind streifenarme Bilder mit Hilfe der oben beschriebenen Verfahren entscheidend.The methods described above can be used in particular in pathology. For example, cm-sized tumor specimens can be examined to determine if the tumor was completely removed during surgery. In particular, streak-poor images are crucial with the aid of the methods described above.
Sowohl in der Pathologie als auch in der Hirnforschung und Embryologie sind Immunfärbung der Präparate von großer Bedeutung. Hierbei können geeignete Klärverfahren wie Clarity nach Deisseroth mit der Lichtblattmikroskopie kombiniert werden. Damit können große, immungefärbte Präparate in 3D aufgenommen werden.Both in pathology and in brain research and embryology immunostaining of the preparations are of great importance. Suitable clarification methods such as Clarity according to Deisseroth can be combined with light-sheet microscopy. This allows large, immunostained slides to be recorded in 3D.
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Cited By (1)
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WO2020126640A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Lavision Biotec Gmbh | Light sheet microscope with line focus |
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DE10257423A1 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-24 | Europäisches Laboratorium für Molekularbiologie (EMBL) | Microscope used in molecular biology comprises a focussing arrangement producing an extended planar object illumination region, a detection device, and a movement arrangement |
DE112009000171A5 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2011-02-10 | Dodt, Hans-Ulrich, Prof. Dr. | Apparatus for optically imaging a sample |
US9134521B2 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2015-09-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Multidirectional selective plane illumination microscopy |
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