DE102013001479A1 - Sanitary special fitting for use as flow rate controller, has temperature sensitive drive unit acting on actuation element such that actuation element is variable in position along path by temperature change of drive unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The fitting (1) has a function unit (7) that allowing defining of a volumetric flow as a function of pressure. The function unit comprises a movably arranged actuation element (13) that is variable between an actuator position and another actuator position along an adjusting path. The defined volume flow is more variable by a change of position of the actuation element along an adjusting path. A temperature sensitive drive unit (15) acts on the actuation element such that the actuation element is variable in position along the path by a temperature change of the drive unit. An independent claim is also included for a method for controlling a flow rate of a flowing medium.

Description

The invention relates to a sanitary fitting, with a functional unit arranged in a through-flow path, which realizes a volume flow as a function of a pressure defined as volume flow dependence.

The invention further relates to a component of a sanitary fitting.

Finally, the invention relates to a method for controlling a flow rate of a flowing medium, in particular of flowing water.

Such built-in components are known in the sanitary engineering as a flow regulator and are used to save water.

The known flow rate regulator cause that the residence time of the water or other liquid medium in the water pipe is increased. This can especially with hot water pipes, which are not permanently maintained at temperature and cool between use cycles, the result that in particular increases the bacterial load of the transported water or other medium. It also increases the time it takes to open the faucet from the opening of the faucet to the outflow of hot water - depending on the length of the cold pipe - which leads to annoyance of the user and unnecessary water consumption.

The invention has for its object to provide a sanitary fixture with improved performance characteristics.

To solve this problem, the features of claim 1 are proposed according to the invention in a sanitary fitting of the type described above. Thus, it is provided in particular with a built-in part of the type described above, that the functional unit has a movably arranged adjusting element which is positionally variable along a displacement at least between a first control position and a second control position, that the defined volume flow dependence by a change in position of the control element along the adjustment variable is and that a temperature-sensitive drive unit, the actuating element acted upon in such a way that the adjusting element is positionally variable by a change in temperature on the drive unit along the adjustment path. The built-in part according to the invention thus allows a different treatment of hot water and cold water. Thus, the built-in component according to the invention allows water, which has cooled after a prolonged phase of non-use of the insert in a water pipe, can flow out of the water pipe faster than the following hot water, which should be consumed, if possible, only to a small extent.

The change according to the invention of the respectively defined volumetric flow dependency can be described for example by a mathematical parameter of the volumetric flow dependency, which is variable by a change in position of the control element and is changed. The parameter may, for example, describe an additive component, a gradient (flow resistance), a functionality of the volume flow dependence (eg an exponent) and / or a barrier value of the volume flow dependence. The volume flow dependence describes the dependence of the flow rate (preferably based on a unit time) of a pressure.

The built-in part according to the invention can be designed, for example, for insertion or screwing into an outlet mouthpiece or as an intermediate piece in a line.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the temperature-sensitive drive unit has a temperature-dependent expansion in at least one dimension or spatial direction. The advantage here is that the temperature of the medium, in particular of the water, which flows through the flow-through, can be easily converted into a corresponding setting position of the actuating element. The temperature-dependent expansion preferably has an expansion coefficient which is greater than the expansion coefficient of a receiving housing. The advantage here is that an adjusting movement to the position change relative to the housing by a temperature change in the flowing medium can be hervorufbar.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that a return spring is present, which resets the actuator at a cooling of the drive unit at or below a first temperature, in particular in the first control position. Thus, it is achievable that the first setting position is taken as the starting position, as soon as a sufficient cooling of the flowing medium and thus the drive unit has taken place.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the temperature-sensitive drive unit has a filled with a temperature-sensitive medium receiving chamber, wherein at least one movable chamber wall is in operative connection with the actuating element and acts on the actuating element. Preferably, the movable chamber wall is formed on a piston, which is in operative connection with the actuating element. From The advantage here is that an effective implementation of temperature changes of the flowing medium can be achieved in an actuating movement of the actuating element. Preferably, the temperature-sensitive medium has an expansion coefficient which is greater than the expansion coefficient of a chamber wall of the receiving chamber. Thus, a relative movement of the piston or the moving chamber wall relative to the rest of the receiving chamber by temperature changes can be forced. With an already mentioned return spring, the return movement of the cooling can be supported.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the drive unit, a drive element made of a material with shape memory such. B. Memory Shape Metals. The advantage here is that a driving force introduced to the actuator can be limited, even if an unexpectedly large heating of the flowing medium occurs. Thus, a mechanical stress of a female housing by excessive voltages can be avoided, because the drive elements of memory shape metals are usually provided with an inherent elasticity. It is particularly advantageous if the drive element is designed in a spring-like shape, for example as a screw, leaf, coil spring or spring with a different shape.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the drive unit has at least one bimetallic element, in particular a bimetal disc. The advantage here is that a simple means for generating the adjusting movement of the position change is provided. To increase the overall achievable travel can be provided that the drive unit has a plurality of successively arranged bimetallic discs. It is particularly advantageous if the bimetallic discs are arranged one behind the other with respect to their expansion or working direction in series.

It may be provided that the parameter describes a material property, for example a spring and / or elastic constant or a geometric property, for example a clear width of an opening, of the functional unit.

In one embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that a flow-through opening in the flow-through path is closed or closable with the adjusting element in the second setting position. The advantage here is that the defined volume flow dependence can be influenced by the flow opening is releasable or openable. In this case, the flow-through opening can form a bypass to the functional unit, for example to define a switchable additive proportion of the respectively set volume flow dependence or to deactivate a proportion of the volume flow dependence or to make it deactivatable.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the or a flow-through opening in the flow-through path is released or opened with the adjusting element in the first setting position. The flow-through openings can form a bypass. By releasing the flow-through opening, an additional proportion in the throughflow quantity can be added to the volume control function in the volume flow dependence.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the adjustment is set up at least at one of the second setting position closer way end stop. The advantage here is that a development of excessive forces after reaching the second setting position, as they would occur, for example, in a further uncontrolled thermal expansion against a stop, is avoidable. Thus, a mechanical stress of the drive unit receiving housing can be reduced by thermal stresses. Thus, the life of the sanitary fixture is again increased.

In one embodiment, it may be provided that the adjustment path extends between the first setting position and a setting end position, the second setting position being arranged between the first setting position and the setting end position. The advantage here is that during a movement of the actuating element from the first parking position to the second parking position behind the second parking position still a game is formed, which allows movement beyond the second setting position addition. Thus, a simple means is provided to form a non-stop adjustment path.

The formation of a stop-free adjustment path is particularly advantageous if the drive unit with a thermal expansion of a temperature-sensitive medium, which has no or only a small Eigeneleastizität works. Because it has been found that the formation of a stop to limit the adjustment in the absence of inherent elasticity of the drive element is a problem: there is a risk that the drive element damaging the boundary of the adjustment or blows away. In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the actuating element has a contact surface which cooperates with the closure of the or a flow-through opening with a mating contact surface. The advantage here is that the flow opening can be closed or released in a simple manner, depending on the setting position of the actuating element. It is particularly favorable when the contact surface sealingly cooperates with the mating contact surface.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the or a contact surface of the actuating element on the or a mating contact surface of a housing part by a change in position of the actuating element along the adjustment is moved past. Thus, the adjusting element along the adjustment on both sides of a parking position, for example, on both sides of the second parking position, in which the contact surface occupies the smallest distance to the mating contact surface, can be brought. Preferably, the setting position, in which the contact surface has the smallest distance to the mating contact surface, given by the second setting position. The advantage here is that the adjustment is at least in the vicinity of the second control position stop formed.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the or a contact surface is aligned longitudinally or tangentially to the adjustment to the actuator. The advantage here is that a passing movement of the contact surface on a corresponding, for example, with parallel course, formed counter contact surface by a change in position of the actuating element along the adjustment is easily possible.

Here, the contact surface may be aligned coaxially with the mating contact surface, when both surfaces are cylindrical. This orientation allows in a simple manner a stop-free passing of the contact surface on the mating contact surface (or vice versa), wherein the contact surface with the mating contact surface in the position of closest approach can cause a nearly or fully sealed conclusion.

It is particularly favorable if the contact surface is annular or cylindrical and if the mating contact surface is designed to be correspondingly annular or cylindrical.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the actuating element engages at least in the first setting position with a guide element in the or a flow-through. The advantage here is that the adjusting element with respect to the flow opening in the first setting position along the adjustment is feasible. It is particularly favorable when the adjusting element engages in the or a flow-through opening in all adjusting positions along the adjusting path. The advantage here is that a defined movement of the actuating element can be set along the adjustment.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the functional unit forms a flow resistance increasing in the throughflow path with increasing pressure. The advantage here is that a quantity control and / or quantity limiting function can be realized in a simple manner. For example, this can be achieved by a position-adjustable and / or size-variable resistance body in the throughflow path whose position and / or size is pressure-dependent. It is particularly favorable when the functional unit forms an increasing resistance in the throughflow path with the adjusting element located in the second setting position. The increase in the flow resistance thus counteracts the otherwise occurring increase in the flow rate per unit time with increasing pressure, so that the overall result is the desired flow control function. The flow resistance can be proportional to the pressure loss over the functional unit.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the functional unit defines a flow-through opening cross-section, the cross-sectional area of which decreases automatically with an increasing pressure gradient across the functional unit. The advantage here is that in a simple manner increasing with increasing pressure flow resistance in the flow path can be formed and prepared.

A particularly simple embodiment can provide that the mentioned resistance body is designed as an O-ring.

In general, it is favorable if the drive unit is in thermal contact with the medium flowing in the throughflow path, for example water. The advantage here is that the temperature change in the flowing medium in a simple way directly into an actuating movement of the actuating element can be implemented.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the drive unit is arranged in the flow path umströmbar. The advantage here is that the thermal connection of the drive unit to the flowing medium is particularly effective.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the drive unit is arranged in a flow direction of the flow path behind the functional unit. The advantage here is that the space in a sanitary fixture are well exploitable. The drive element may alternatively be arranged in front of the functional unit.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the Volume flow dependence below a threshold temperature describes a throttle function. Thus, a virtually unlimited drainage of cold water can be set up. In this case, a throttle function is understood to mean a function which defines a volume flow dependency, as is the case with a throttle. For example, this can be characterized in that at least above an initial pressure, a largely pressure-independent flow resistance (more precisely, the course of a root function) is present. A throttle can be characterized by a largely proportional behavior of pressure drop and associated flow rate.

Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the volume flow dependence above or a threshold temperature describes a quantity limiting function. In this case, a quantity limitation function is understood to be a function that exists in the case of a quantity limiter. For example, this may be characterized by the fact that at least above an initial pressure there is an increasing flow resistance (first derivative) with increasing pressure. In the case of a flow limiting function, which describes a limitation of the flow rate below a threshold value, the increase in the flow resistance is so strong that the barrier value results as a horizontal asymptote of the flow control function.

These qualitative descriptions of the flow control function usually apply up to a maximum allowable pressure, for example, up to 10 bar or to another, in the design of sanitary installations usual maximum allowable pressure, above which a proper function of the functional unit is no longer given.

Preferably, the threshold temperature is set in a range which separates the temperature of the hot water from the temperature of the cold water, for example in the range between 20 ° C and 40 ° C, in particular in the range between 25 ° C and 35 °, particularly preferably in the range between 28 ° C and 32 ° C.

In general, it is advantageous if the sanitary fitting is designed as an insertion cartridge. Thus, the sanitary fitting can be used manifold in sanitary fittings.

In an advantageous embodiment can be provided that the built-in part is designed as a jet regulator. Thus, with a jet regulator, a temperature-dependent switching of the functional unit between two defined volume flow dependencies can be established.

In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the built-in part is provided with a thread and can be inserted into a receiving housing. The thread can be formed here as an internal thread and / or as an external thread. The receiving housing may be formed, for example, on a sanitary fitting or on a sanitary hose.

As frequent use of the sanitary fixture according to the invention and to solve the above problem in a component of a sanitary fitting of the type mentioned is inventively provided that a sanitary fixture according to the invention, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or as described above, in a hot water inlet and / or arranged in a water outlet. The advantage here is that a different Durchströmverhalten for befindlichem in a hot water line, cooled water and located in the hot water pipe to operating temperature hot water is easily accessible. The invention thus makes it possible to combine the desired saving effect for hot water with a minimum operating time until the hot water is actually available at the water outlet.

To achieve the above object is provided according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned that a volume flow dependence, which defines a volume flow as a function of pressure, is set in dependence on a temperature of the flowing medium, wherein the volume flow dependence at least one pressure of the flowing Medium to a first temperature, a first flow rate and to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature, a second flow rate, which is less than the first flow rate defined. Preferably, the flow rates are based on a fixed time unit. The advantage here is that unwanted, cold water is quickly dissipated, while for energetically valuable hot water a savings function, which limits or regulates the flow rate per unit time, is feasible.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the volume flow dependence at or above the second temperature defines an increased flow resistance of a flow path and / or a limitation of the flow rate. Thus, the water consumption for hot water is easily reduced.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the volume flow dependence at or above the second temperature increases with increasing pressure Flow resistance of the or a flow path defined. The advantage here is that a quantity limitation or at least a reduction of the flow rate can be achieved with respect to a throttle.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that below a threshold temperature of the flowing medium, in particular at the first temperature, a volume flow dependence of a throttle function is set. Thus, for example, cooled hot water can be discharged quickly, so that hot water can be quickly provided to operating temperature.

Additionally or alternatively it can be provided that above the or a threshold temperature of the flowing medium, in particular at the first temperature, a volume flow dependence of a quantity limiting function is set. Thus, for example, a water saving function can be realized for hot water.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments, but is not limited to these embodiments. Further exemplary embodiments result from a combination of the features of one or more claims with one another and / or with one or more features of the exemplary embodiments.

It shows:

1 a sectional view of a sanitary fitting according to the invention, in which the adjusting element is located in the second setting position,

2 the fitting according to 1 with actuator located in the first position,

3 the fitting according to 1 in exploded view,

4 two with the fitting according to 1 viable volume flow dependencies,

5 a further built-in component according to the invention with a drive unit with shape memory material,

6 the fitting according to 5 with actuator located in second position,

7 the fitting according to 5 in exploded view,

8th FIG. 3 a sectional view of a further installation part according to the invention with a drive unit upstream in the flow direction, FIG.

9 the fitting according to 8th with actuator located in the first position,

10 the fitting according to 8th in exploded view,

11 a sectional view of a formed as a jet regulator, another inventive insert,

12 the fitting according to 11 with actuator located in the second position,

13 the fitting according to 11 in exploded view,

14 a further built-in part according to the invention, which is designed as a jet regulator, with a drive unit with a material with shape memory,

15 the fitting according to 14 with actuator located in second position,

16 the fitting according to 14 in exploded view,

17 another inventive built-in part, which is designed as a jet regulator, with a drive unit with bimetal discs,

18 the fitting according to 17 with actuator located in second position,

19 the fitting according to 17 in exploded view,

20 a sectional view of another built-in component according to the invention, which is designed as a jet regulator, with an actuating element designed as a variable-position active element,

21 the fitting according to 20 with actuating element moved in the operative position,

22 the fitting according to 20 in exploded view,

23 a sanitary fitting according to the invention in the position of use,

24 a further inventive use of a sanitary fitting according to the invention in a sanitary fitting,

25 a partially cutaway view of the tubular housing 1 .

26 a further inventive use of a sanitary fitting according to the invention in a sanitary fitting,

27 two volume flow dependencies that can be realized with a built-in component according to the invention,

28 another inventive component, which realizes two throttle functions,

29 the fitting according to 28 with actuator located in second position,

30 the fitting according to 28 in exploded view,

31 with the fitting according to 28 viable volume flow dependencies in qualitative schematic representation,

32 another inventive built-in part, which is designed as a beam splitter,

33 the fitting according to 32 with actuator located in second position,

34 the fitting according to 32 in exploded view,

35 a further built-in component according to the invention, which is designed as a combined flow regulator and jet separator,

36 the fitting according to 35 with actuator located in second position and

37 the fitting according to 35 in exploded view.

1 shows in an axial sectional view with a whole 1 designated, inventive sanitary fitting.

The built-in part 1 is with a tubular mounting sleeve 2 as a cartridge, in particular Einsetzkartusche formed.

An axis 3 in the example cylindrical installation sleeve 2 defines a flow path 4 whose flow direction in 1 from top to bottom between an inlet 5 and an outlet 6 runs.

Between the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 is in the flow path 4 a functional unit 7 formed, which in a conventional manner with a resistor body 8th - An O-ring - realized a volume flow dependence of a flow control function. Here, the resistance body 8th depending on the inlet 5 applied pressure or depending on between the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 above the functional unit 7 falling pressure different degrees against a receiving part 9 pressed to an opening cross-section 10 form with pressure-dependent cross-sectional area.

In this way it is achieved that a high pressure at the inlet 5 or a large pressure difference between the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 to a small cross-sectional area of the opening cross-section 10 leads and vice versa, a small pressure to a large cross-sectional area.

Thus, the functional unit acts 7 the natural increase in the flow rate per unit time with increasing pressure thereby counteracting that the cross-sectional area of the opening cross-section 10 is automatically reduced. In other embodiments, instead of the O-ring, another elastic shaped body is provided to form a pressure-dependent cross-sectional area.

This results in a volumetric flow dependence, which in general or qualitatively in the figure 4 is shown. The numerical values given there are merely added for illustration purposes and, in other exemplary embodiments, may differ significantly from the numerical values indicated.

The built-in part 1 according to 1 realized in the manner described a volume flow dependence 11 through the curve to a temperature which is below a (lower) temperature threshold (Threshold) (see. 4 ). It can be seen that the flow rate (per unit time) for pressures above 1 bar is almost constant and limited. The volume flow dependence 11 thus describes a quantity limiting function, in which the flow resistance increases at least above an initial pressure of about 1 bar with increasing pressure. The asymptotic horizontal straight line, which describes the limitation to values below a threshold value of six liters per minute, defines a parameter of the realized volumetric flow dependency.

If this parameter is changed, the result is, for example, a volumetric flow dependency 12 in 4 , At this volume flow dependence 12 is the asymptotic course, ie the course for large pressures (here above an initial pressure of about 1 bar), no longer given by a horizontal straight line, but by an approximately linear, more precisely as a root function, rising straight. This rising straight line describes a virtually or exactly pressure-independent flow resistance, for example a throttle. The volume flow dependence 12 thus describes qualitatively a throttling function. The quantity limitation of the volumetric flow dependency 11 is deactivated.

The functional unit 7 in 1 has an actuator 13 on which relative to a housing 14 and / or to the resistor body 8th is arranged movable or positionally variable.

The actuator 13 can thus along a linear displacement, which is parallel to the axis 3 is aligned between the in 2 shown first actuating position of the actuating element 13 and the in 1 shown second actuating position of the actuating element 13 be adjusted or moved.

In the first setting position of the actuating element 13 according to 2 realizes the built-in part 1 the volumetric flow dependency 12 in 4 ,

In the second setting position according to 1 of the actuating element 13 realizes the built-in part 1 the volumetric flow dependency 11 in 4 ,

To change between the positioning positions in 1 and 2 is in the built-in part 1 a drive unit 15 educated.

The drive unit 15 is temperature-sensitive and acts on the actuator 13 according to its own temperature.

1 shows the drive unit 15 with a higher own temperature than in 2 ,

For returning the control element 13 in the first position when cooling from the situation according to 1 according to the situation 2 , that is below a threshold, is a return spring 16 intended. Water pressure acting on active surfaces, this can be the return of the actuator 13 support.

The position according to 2 is taken below a lower temperature threshold T _< , the position according to 1 is taken above an upper temperature threshold T _> . Lower temperature threshold T _< and upper temperature threshold T _> can be close to each other or even identical. The temperature thresholds T _< , T _> can separate the temperature range for cold water from the temperature range for hot water. The temperature thresholds T _< , T _> can be so close together that the transition from the volumetric flow dependency 12 to the volume flow dependence 11 at a warming of the medium flowing through abruptly (and vice versa at a cooling).

Thus, a total achieved that the actuator 13 at a higher temperature of the drive unit 15 in the second parking position according to 1 is while the actuator 13 at a lower temperature of the drive unit 15 in the first parking position according to 2 is.

The adjustment movement required for a change in position results from the fact that the drive unit 15 along the axis 3 has a temperature-dependent expansion.

For this purpose, one inside the drive unit 15 trained reception chamber 17 with a temperature-sensitive medium 18 , for example, thermal wax, filled.

The medium 18 has the property that it undergoes a phase transformation at a temperature between the lower temperature threshold T _< and the upper temperature threshold T _> (or at the temperature threshold when the lower temperature threshold and the upper temperature threshold coincide) and expands abruptly. Thus, the temperature-sensitive medium expands 18 when heating the drive unit 15 from and acts on a movable chamber wall 19 a piston 20 , The piston 20 thus gets out of the receiving chamber 17 at a heating of the medium 18 pushed out.

The piston 20 stands with the actuator 13 in operative connection and acts on this, so that the actuating element 13 at a heating of the drive unit 15 above a threshold value from the first setting position according to 2 along a rectilinear adjustment movement in the second adjustment position according to 1 is transferred.

As already mentioned, the return spring performs 16 after a cooling of the drive unit 15 the actuator 13 back to the first position according to 2 ,

In the functional unit 7 is a flow opening 21 trained, which in 2 is open and which a bypass to the opening cross-section 10 represents.

In 1 is this flow opening 21 by the actuator located in the second position 13 locked.

This passage opening 21 explains the different volume flow dependencies 11 . 12 according to 4 ,

The increased flow rate of the volume flow dependence 12 results from the fact that additional water through the open flow opening 21 flows.

In the first setting position closes the actuator 13 on the other hand, the flow-through 21 so that the water is only on the resistor body 8th must flow past, causing the volume flow dependence 11 results.

Out 1 it can be seen that the actuator 13 in a further thermal expansion of the temperature-sensitive medium 18 about the in 1 shown second parking position out into the closed flow opening 21 is hineinbewegbar.

The adjustment of the control element 13 is thus at least at its second position ( 1 ) closer way end stop-free, and the actuator 13 is adjustable beyond the second setting position into a setting end position when the medium 18 continues to expand.

For sealing the flow opening 21 in the second position, the actuator has 13 a contact surface 22 on. The contact surface 22 is cylindrical and runs as an outer cylinder about the axis 3 ,

This contact surface 22 acts with a stationary counter contact surface 23 together. The counter contact surface 23 is designed as an inner cylinder, wherein the diameter of the mating contact surface 23 on the outer diameter of the contact surface 22 is tuned such that in the second setting position, a dense or a nearly close completion of the flow-through 21 results. This tight seal may in one embodiment be made by an additional O-ring (not shown). However, this increases the friction of the actuator and the manufacturing cost.

Out 1 it can be seen that the contact surface 22 , which causes the seal in the second setting position, on the mating contact surface 23 which with this contact surface 22 cooperates for sealing, passing, when the actuator 13 is adjusted in position to the final position.

In the 1 and 2 is also apparent that the adjustment of the control element 13 is formed straight. The adjustment is aligned in the flow direction.

In further embodiments, curved or curved adjustment paths are set up, for example, in which the adjusting element 13 is pivoted or rotated. The displacement can also be aligned transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the flow direction.

In 1 and 2 is still apparent that the contact surface 22 along or tangential to the adjustment of the control element 13 is aligned to a passing of the contact surface 22 on the mating contact surface 23 to enable. The counter contact surface 23 is thus also aligned longitudinally or tangentially to the adjustment.

In the embodiment according to 1 and 2 it means that the axis 3 , which the adjustment of the control element 13 describes, at the same time the axis of an outer cylinder forming contact surface 22 and the inner cylinder forming mating contact surface 23 represents. The contact surface 22 and the mating contact surface 23 are thus aligned coaxially with one another, the adjustment path extending along an axis with respect to which the coaxial alignment is defined.

The drive unit 15 is in the flow path 4 arranged by the flowing medium umströmbar to the best possible thermal connection of the drive unit 15 and thus the temperature-sensitive medium 18 to allow the flowing medium.

In the flow direction of the flowing medium from the inlet 5 to the outlet 6 is the drive unit in the embodiment shown 15 behind the functional unit 7 , So arranged downstream.

The stationary part of the receiving chamber 17 is here on the housing 14 established.

The drive unit 15 rests here on bars 41 , The bridges 41 are inside of the housing 14 formed and form an abutment for the expansion force of the temperature-sensitive medium 18 (see. 25 ).

The outlet strainer 24 is also with the case 14 connected.

In use of the sanitary fixture 1 thus becomes the actuator 13 depending on the temperature of the flowing medium in the flow path 4 between the first setting position according to 2 and the second parking position according to 1 and, if appropriate, beyond that moved or adjusted in an end position. Thus it is achieved that in hot water as a flowing medium, the volume flow dependence 11 according to 4 and in cold water as a flowing medium, the volume flow dependence 12 according to 4 is set.

Out 4 it can be seen that the volume flow dependence 12 at least one pressure, namely at least at pressures above 1 bar, in which the flow control function reliably controls, defined at the first temperature below a temperature range, a flow rate that is greater than the corresponding flow rate of the volume flow dependence 11 to the second temperature above the temperature range.

The volume flow dependence 11 thus defines an increased flow resistance of the throughflow path, at least at the upper temperature threshold and in the exemplary embodiment, even at higher temperatures 4 from which a limitation of the flow rate results. In further embodiments, flow control functions to other temperatures are realized.

In 3 are three guiding elements 26 formed, which for guiding the adjustment movement of the actuating element 13 in all actuating positions of the actuating element 13 in the flow-through 21 intervention. In other embodiments, other numbers and / or shapes of guide elements are formed.

Between the guide elements 26 are passageways 27 designed to flow through the flowing medium through the flow-through 21 in the first setting position of the actuating element 13 according to 2 to enable.

The 5 to 7 show a further embodiment of a sanitary fitting according to the invention 1 , Here are functional and / or constructive to the embodiment according to the 1 to 4 similar or similar components with the same reference numerals and not described separately again. The remarks to the 1 to 4 thus apply to the 5 to 7 corresponding.

In contrast to the embodiment according to the 1 to 4 has the drive unit 15 in the embodiment according to 5 to 7 a spiral wound drive element 25 made of a material with shape memory.

The drive element 25 is here designed so that it is in contact with cold water in Durchströmungsweg 4 the extension along the axis 3 according to 5 occupies its dimension in the dimension along the axis 3 on contact with hot water above a threshold temperature as shown in 6 increased.

5 thus shows the first setting position, in which the flow-through 21 as a bypass of the functional unit 7 is open while 6 the second actuating position of the actuating element 13 shows, in which the flow opening 21 is closed.

In the parking position according to 5 defines the functional unit 7 thus a volume flow dependence 12 according to 4 while the functional unit 7 in the 6 a volume flow dependence 11 according to 4 Are defined. The contribution of the flow opening acting as a throttle is obvious 21 in the volume flow dependence 12 recognizable.

The return spring 16 supports the return movement of the drive unit 15 upon cooling of the flowing medium to the actuator 13 due to the first setting position.

The force generated by the drive element 25 Total is applicable, is lower than in the case of the temperature-sensitive medium 18 in the 1 to 3 due to the inherent elasticity of the shape memory material and the design of the drive element 25 as a spring.

Therefore, according to the embodiment 5 to 7 possible, the contact surface 22 not as an outer cylinder, but as or on the front side of the control element 13 train.

The corresponding counter contact surface 23 is thus formed as an axially aligned ring and forms a stop for the actuator 13 in the second position.

With a corresponding formation of the contact surface 22 and the mating contact surface 23 in the 1 to 3 On the other hand there would be a danger that the uncontrolled expanding, temperature-sensitive medium 18 the sanitary fitting 1 destroyed.

8th to 10 show a further inventive embodiment of a sanitary fixture 1 , In the built-in part 1 are again functional and / or constructive to the embodiments according to 1 to 7 similar and / or similar components and functional units are denoted by the same reference numerals and not described separately again. The remarks to the 1 to 7 thus apply to the 8th to 10 corresponding.

Unlike the 1 to 7 is in the embodiment according to 8th to 10 the drive unit 15 not downstream, but upstream on the flow side in front of the functional unit 7 arranged. The drive unit 15 is thus at Stegen 41 attached. 9 thus shows the actuator 13 in the first position, 8th in the second position.

11 to 13 shows a further embodiment of a sanitary fitting according to the invention 1 in which again functional and / or or constructive to the embodiments according to 1 to 10 similar and / or similar components and functional units are denoted by the same reference numerals and are not described separately again.

The embodiment according to 11 to 13 additionally has a beam splitting unit 28 on, which in the flow direction of the functional unit 7 is subordinate.

The jet separation unit 28 has a variety of nozzles 29 and air intakes 30 for adding air to the flowing medium.

The sanitary fitting 1 is thus designed as a beam splitter with flow control function.

Incidentally, the drive unit 15 analogous to the embodiment in the 1 to 4 educated.

In the embodiment according to 14 to 16 are again to the above-described embodiments, functionally and / or constructively similar and / or similar components and functional units designated by the same reference numerals and not described again separately. The comments on the embodiments according to the 1 to 13 thus apply here accordingly.

Also in the embodiment according to 14 to 16 is the sanitary fixture 1 designed as a jet regulator with flow control function and has an already described beam separation unit 28 on.

The operating principle of the drive unit 15 is analogous to the embodiment according to the 5 to 7 ,

Here, a drive element 25 receiving frame 31 be designed to be permeable to the flowing medium. Thus, the drive element 25 to be flowed around directly. Is the frame, on the other hand 31 formed impermeable, so the drive element 25 in the drive unit 15 flows around indirectly.

The 17 to 19 show a further inventive embodiment of a sanitary fixture 1 , Functional and / or constructive to the embodiments according to the 1 to 16 similar and / or similar components and functional units are again denoted by the same reference numerals and not described separately again. The remarks to the 1 to 16 thus apply to the 17 to 19 corresponding.

In the embodiment according to 17 to 19 has the drive unit 15 four bimetallic discs 32 on. These bimetallic discs 32 change their shape in a conventional manner depending on the temperature.

18 shows the second actuating position of the actuating element 13 in which the bimetallic discs 32 are at hot water temperature.

17 on the other hand shows the first setting position of the actuating element 13 in which the bimetallic discs 32 cooled to cold water temperature.

In order to provide a sufficient travel between the first setting position and the second setting position, the bimetal discs 32 stacked on each other to the respective temperature-induced expansion of the individual bimetal discs 32 to add.

In the embodiment, four bimetallic discs 32 stacked on top of each other and onto a guide pin 33 plugged. Other numbers of bimetallic disks and / or other forms of bimetallic elements are also usable.

Thus, the actuator becomes 13 through the bimetallic discs 32 acted upon to move the adjustment movement to the position change.

The drive principle of the drive unit 15 according to 17 - 19 is in further embodiments also with one of the embodiments according to the 1 to 10 , which is not a beam splitting unit 28 have, can be combined.

The 20 to 22 show a further inventive embodiment of a sanitary fixture, in which again structurally and / or functionally to the embodiments according to 1 to 19 similar and / or similar components and functional units are denoted by the same reference numerals and are not described separately again. The remarks to the 1 to 19 thus apply to the 20 to 22 corresponding.

In the embodiment according to 20 to 22 are the receiving part 9 of the resistance body 8th and the actuator 13 formed on a common component and thus integrally connected.

20 shows the actuator 13 in the first setting position, ie at cold water temperature, in which the receiving part 9 from the resistor body 8th is removed such that the defined volume flow dependence of the Volume control function is comparable to the volume flow dependence 11 but at a higher flow level.

The opening cross-section 10 Thus always acts, ie below and above the threshold temperature, as a flow regulator with a typical course as the volume flow dependence 11 in 4 , This case shows 27 : Below a threshold temperature (or threshold temperature range if hysteresis behavior is realized) defines the functional unit 7 a volume flow dependence 45 , above the threshold temperature defines the functional unit 7 a volume flow dependence 11 , which belongs to a lower limit for the maximum flow rate.

When supplying hot water into the flow path 4 the temperature-sensitive medium heats up 18 in the manner already described and performs the actuator 13 in the in 21 shown second parking position.

In this second setting position is the receiving part 9 so to the resistor body 8th introduced that the receiving part 9 active is to realize the volumetric flow dependency 11 according to 27 ,

It should be mentioned that the return spring 16 in the embodiments according to 11 to 22 on a front screen 34 designed as a jet regulator built-in part 1 supported. In the embodiments according to 1 to 10 the return spring is supported 16 however downstream of the functional unit 7 from.

28 to 30 show a further inventive insert 1 , In the embodiment according to 28 to 30 are again to the above-described embodiments, functionally and / or constructively similar and / or similar components and functional units designated by the same reference numerals and not described again separately. The comments on the embodiments according to the 1 to 27 thus apply here accordingly.

The embodiment according to 28 to 30 differs from the embodiment according to 20 to 22 in that no resistance body 8th is inserted. The functional unit 7 therefore defines both in the first position ( 28 ) as well as in the second position ( 29 ) each have a volume flow dependence 12 . 48 of the type of a throttle function.

This behavior of the functional unit 7 shows 31 qualitative: Below a threshold temperature (Threshold), ie in the first positioning position, defines the functional unit 7 a volume flow dependence 12 , Above the threshold temperature, ie in the second setting position, defines the functional unit 7 a volume flow dependence 48 ,

The volume flow dependencies 12 and 48 each belong to a throttle, the volume flow dependence 48 versus the volume flow dependence 12 describes an increased flow resistance. Thus, the water consumption is also reduced in this embodiment above the threshold temperature.

32 to 34 show a further inventive insert 1 , Functionally and / or constructively to the preceding embodiments, the same or similar components are described with the same reference numerals and not described separately again. The remarks to the 1 to 31 apply here accordingly.

The embodiment according to 32 to 34 differs from the embodiment according to 28 to 30 by the design of the beam separation unit 28 ,

In contrast to that embodiment are in the embodiment according to 32 to 34 the nozzles 29 not axially aligned, but facing radially outward. The flowing water is thus on a circumferential, inward baffle 49 directed and atomized.

Following the atomization at the baffle 49 the water passes through additional nozzles 50 in the sphere of influence of the air intakes 30 and is ventilated.

The embodiment according to 22 to 34 realizes volume flow dependencies 12 . 48 according to 31 ,

35 to 37 show a further inventive insert 1 , Functionally and / or constructively to the preceding embodiments, the same or similar components are described with the same reference numerals and not described separately again. The remarks to the 1 to 34 apply here accordingly.

The embodiment according to 35 to 37 differs from the embodiment according to 14 to 16 by the design of the beam separation unit 28 ,

The jet separation unit 28 is here like to the 32 to 34 described trained. The remarks to the 32 to 34 thus apply accordingly.

23 shows a possible use of the sanitary fixture according to the invention 1 in one with the whole 35 designated sanitary fitting.

The built-in part 1 , which, for example, according to the embodiments of 1 to 22 or otherwise can be designed according to the invention is in a water outlet 26 , ie in the flow direction behind the mixer tap 37 arranged.

Depending on what temperature that over the mixer tap 37 adjusted flowing water at the water outlet 36 has implemented the built-in part 1 thus in the manner described the volume flow dependence 11 or the volumetric flow dependency 12 according to 4 ,

Thus, first, as long as cooled water from a hot water supply 38 flows, an increased flow rate through the water outlet 36 be set to drain this cooled water as quickly as possible.

Once over the hot water inlet 38 to the water outlet 36 Hot water flows at the desired temperature, turns on the sanitary fitting 1 for example, the defined volume flow dependence 11 according to 4 in the manner described.

24 shows a further embodiment of a sanitary fitting according to the invention 35 in which the sanitary fitting 1 in the hot water supply 38 , ie in the flow direction before the mixer tap 37 , is arranged. This can be achieved, for example, by virtue of the fact that the sanitary fitting according to the invention 1 directly at an angle valve 39 is arranged.

Thus, water from the cold water inlet 40 unaffected by the volume control function of the sanitary fixture to the water outlet 36 stream.

Incidentally, the comments on 23 in the embodiment according to 24 corresponding.

From the 23 and 24 It can be seen that the trained as a cartridge fitting 1 easy even with existing sanitary fittings 35 can be retrofitted, z. B. in provided with appropriate connection threads fittings.

In this context, it should be mentioned that the built-in parts shown in the figures 1 each at the inlet 5 and at the outlet 6 with an internal thread 46 and / or an external thread 47 are provided to the built-in part 1 to join.

Preferably, the first temperature is below a threshold temperature, while the second temperature is above the threshold temperature.

26 shows a further embodiment of a sanitary fitting according to the invention 35 in the form of a shower fitting 42 with a shower hose 43 and a connected shower head 44 , The sanitary fitting 1 is at the beginning of a shower hose 43 , ie in the flow direction behind the mixer tap 37 used. This is the built-in part 1 via an internal thread 46 or an external thread 47 with the shower hose 43 or another sanitary hose on the one hand and the sanitary fitting on the other 35 on the other hand bolted.

The built-in part 1 can also at least partially into the receiving housing in a further embodiment for mounting 51 the sanitary fitting 35 be used and bolted with this.

In the sanitary fitting 1 , which with a functional unit 7 forms a flow regulator, it is proposed an adjustable along an adjustment actuator 13 with a temperature-sensitive drive unit 15 to couple such that depending on the temperature of the built-in 1 flowing through medium different actuating positions of the actuating element 13 are set, wherein the different adjustment positions each different volume flow dependencies 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 and / or realize flow resistances.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

sanitary fitting

2

mounting sleeve

3

axis

4

Durchströmungsweg

5

inlet

6

outlet

7

functional unit

8th

resistance body

9

receiving part

10

Opening cross-section

11

Flow relationship

12

Flow relationship

13

actuator

14

casing

15

drive unit

16

Return spring

17

receiving chamber

18

temperature-sensitive medium

19

movable chamber wall

20

piston

21

flow-through

22

contact area

23

Against the contact surface

25

driving element

26

guide element

27

Through opening

28

Beam separation unit

29

jet

30

air intake

31

frame

32

Bimetallic disk

33

spigot

34

attachment screen

35

Sanitäramatur

36

water spout

37

mixer tap

38

Hot water supply

39

angle valve

40

Cold water supply

41

web

42

shower Faucets

43

shower hose

44

shower head

45

Flow relationship

46

inner thread

47

external thread

48

Flow relationship

49

baffle

50

another nozzle

51

receiving housing

Claims (17)

Sanitary installation part ( 1 ), with one in a flow path ( 4 ) arranged functional unit ( 7 ), which a volume flow in dependence on a pressure as volume flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ), characterized in that the functional unit ( 7 ) a movably arranged actuating element ( 13 ), which is position-variable along an adjustment path at least between a first adjustment position and a second adjustment position, that the defined volume flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ) by a change in position of the actuating element ( 13 ) is variable along the Verstellweges and that a temperature-sensitive drive unit ( 15 ) the actuator ( 13 ) is acted upon in such a way that the actuating element ( 13 ) by a temperature change on the drive unit ( 15 ) is variable in position along the adjustment path. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature-sensitive drive unit ( 15 ) has a temperature-dependent expansion in at least one dimension and / or that a return spring ( 16 ) is present, which the actuator ( 13 ) upon cooling of the drive unit ( 15 ) returns to or below a first temperature, in particular into the first setting position. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature-sensitive drive unit ( 15 ) one with a temperature-sensitive medium ( 18 ) filled receiving chamber ( 17 ), wherein at least one movable chamber wall ( 19 ) with the actuating element ( 13 ) is in operative connection and the actuating element ( 13 ). Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drive unit ( 15 ) a drive element ( 25 ) of a shape memory material and / or that the drive unit ( 15 ) at least one bimetallic element, in particular a bimetal disc ( 32 ), preferably a plurality of bimetallic disks ( 32 ), having. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that with the adjusting element ( 13 ) in the first setting position, a flow opening ( 21 ) in the flow path ( 4 ) is released or opened and / or that with the actuator ( 13 ) in the second actuating position or a flow-through opening ( 21 ) in the flow path ( 4 ) is closed. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adjustment path is at least at one of the second setting position closer end stop set up and / or that the adjustment extends between the first control position and a control end position, wherein the second control position between the the first parking position and the adjusting end position is arranged. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the actuating element ( 13 ) a contact surface ( 22 ), which for closing the or a flow opening ( 21 ) with a mating contact surface ( 23 ) preferably sealingly cooperates, and / or that the or a contact surface ( 22 ) of the actuating element ( 13 ) on the or a mating contact surface ( 23 ) of a housing ( 14 ) or frame ( 31 ) by a change in position of the actuating element ( 13 ) is moved past along the adjustment. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the or a contact surface ( 22 ) along or tangential to the displacement on the actuator ( 13 ) and / or that the actuating element ( 13 ) at least in the first setting position, in particular in all adjusting positions along the adjustment path, with a guide element ( 26 ) in or a flow-through opening ( 21 ) intervenes. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the contact surface ( 22 ) coaxial with the mating contact surface ( 23 ) is aligned. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the functional unit ( 7 ) a with increasing pressure increasing flow resistance in the flow path ( 4 ), in particular in the second actuating position befindlichem actuator ( 14 ), and / or that the functional unit ( 3 ) a flow-through opening cross-section ( 10 ) whose cross-sectional area is at an increasing pressure gradient across the functional unit ( 7 ) reduced. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drive unit ( 25 ) in the flow path ( 4 ) is arranged flow around and / or that the drive unit ( 15 ) in a flow direction of the flow path ( 4 ) in front of or behind the functional unit ( 7 ) is arranged. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the volume flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ) below a threshold temperature describes a throttle function and / or above the threshold or a temperature limiting function. Sanitary installation part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the built-in part ( 1 ) is designed as a jet regulator and / or that the built-in part with a thread ( 46 . 47 ) and can be used in a receiving housing. Component of a sanitary fitting ( 35 ), characterized in that a built-in part ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims in a hot water inlet ( 38 ) and / or in a water outlet ( 36 ) is arranged. Method for controlling a flow rate of a flowing medium, in particular of flowing water, characterized in that a volume flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ), which defines a volume flow as a function of a pressure, is adjusted as a function of a temperature of the flowing medium, the volumetric flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ) is defined at at least one pressure of the flowing medium to a first temperature, a first flow rate and at a second temperature, which is higher than the first temperature, a second flow rate, which is less than the first flow rate. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the volumetric flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ) at or above the second temperature increased flow resistance of a flow path ( 4 ) and / or a limitation of the flow rate and / or that the volume flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ) at or above the second temperature increasing with increasing pressure flow resistance of the or a flow path ( 4 ) Are defined. A method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that below a threshold temperature of the flowing medium, in particular at the first temperature, a volume flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ) is set to a throttle function and / or that above the or a threshold temperature of the flowing medium, in particular at the second temperature, a - volume flow dependence ( 11 . 12 . 45 . 48 ) of a quantity limiting function is set.

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