DE102012221430A1 - Fuel cell used for fuel cell system, has cathode to which oxygen-containing gas is supplied, and anode to which combustible gas is supplied, and gas-permeable layer(s) having binding material with silicon, sulfur and/or their compound - Google Patents

Abstract

A fuel cell (10) e.g. high-temperature fuel cell has a cathode (1) to which oxygen-containing gas (4) is supplied, an anode (2) to which combustible gas (5) is supplied, and gas-permeable layer(s) (6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b) containing binding material(s) (6a) including silicon, sulfur and/or their compound. The oxygen-containing gas is supplied through gas-permeable layer (6). The combustible gas is supplied through gas-permeable layer (7). Independent claims are included for the following: (1) fuel cell system; (2) manufacture of fuel cell; and (3) impregnating solution used for manufacture of fuel cell and fuel cell system.

Description

The present invention relates to a fuel cell, a fuel cell system, a process for their preparation, a suitable impregnating solution and a correspondingly equipped energy system.

State of the art

Solid oxide fuel cell or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fueled in domestic energy systems are supplied with preheated air. Depending on the type of plant, the air is sucked in either directly at the site or with the help of a double chimney.

The sucked air can contain silicon. For example, silicon may escape into the air at high temperature from silicon-doped metals or may be released into the air by using silicon-containing materials such as silicones (silicone expansion joints, shoe sprays, etc.).

It is known from the literature that the smallest amounts of silicon can lead to vitrification of the surface of the electrodes and that these are thereby inactivated. Schuler (Journal of Power Sources, 196, 2011) speaks of the fact that 70 mg silicon in hot air can lead to a significant degradation of the cell.

Besides silicon, sulfur also plays a role in poisoning the cathode. Sasaki published in the Journal of Power Sources (2011) that even at an SO ₂ concentration of 20 ppm poisoning phenomena can occur at a cathode.

Depending on the country, for example in Brazil, up to 500 ppm of sulfur may be present in fuel for vehicles, which is released into the ambient air via combustion. Depending on the location of the fuel cell system, therefore, the sulfur content in the intake air may be different and in the worst case lead to poisoning at the cathode.

The publication EP 1 699 103 A1 describes a device for purifying air for fuel cells.

The publication US 2009/0324449 A1 describes a device for detecting gases for fuel cell vehicles.

The publication EP 2 339 677 A1 describes a fuel cell.

Disclosure of the invention

Task is to provide a fuel cell or a fuel cell system with extended life.

This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims.

Through a layer which comprises at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof and which can be provided, for example, by a suitable impregnation of the fuel cell, poisoning of the cathode and / or the anode by silicon and / or or reduced by sulfur. In particular, a poisoning of the cathode and / or the anode by sulfur and / or silicon can be reduced by an impregnation. This in turn means an extension of the service life, since the degradation, in particular power degradation, will be lower. By reducing the performance degradation of a cell, the stack no longer has to be over-dimensioned at the beginning of its life, resulting in a cost reduction.

An object of the present invention is a fuel cell, in particular high-temperature fuel cell, which comprises a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode with an oxygen-containing gas, in particular air or oxygen, can be acted upon. The anode can be acted upon in particular with a fuel gas.

According to the invention, the fuel cell has at least one gas-permeable layer which comprises at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof. In this case, in particular the oxygen-containing gas can be supplied to the cathode through one / the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer of the fuel cell and / or the fuel gas by a /, in particular a further, gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds of their bonding layer of the fuel cell of the anode can be fed.

In particular, the oxygen-containing gas can flow through the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer through which the cathode oxygen-containing gas can be supplied to flow to the or the cathode. The fuel gas can flow through the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer through which the anode fuel gas can be supplied to flow to the or the anodes. By doing oxygen-containing gas and / or the fuel gas optionally containing silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, so bound by the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer of the cathode or the anode and in particular before reaching the Cathode or the anode to be intercepted.

Under a bond can be understood in particular a physical and / or chemical bond. For example, the binding may be based on absorption, adsorption and / or the formation of a chemical, for example ionic and / or covalent, bond.

The at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof bonding layer of the fuel cell, in particular the cathode / n and / or the anode / n, in particular, may be gas-permeable porous.

In particular, an electrolyte can be arranged between the cathode and the anode.

In particular, the fuel cell may comprise a plurality of cathodes and anodes, which may in particular form a plurality of cathode-electrolyte-anode units. In particular, the fuel cell can have a, in particular segmented, functional layer system which comprises a large number of cathode-electrolyte-anode units, for example connected in series and / or in parallel (segmentation of the functional layers). The functional layer system may comprise a cathode layer, an electrolyte layer and an anode layer, in particular wherein the cathodes of the electrolyte-anode units may pass through regions of the cathode layer, the electrolytes of the electrolyte-anode units through regions of the electrolyte layer and the anodes of the electrolyte-anode. Units may be formed by regions of the anode layer.

In the context of one embodiment, the cathode or borders adjoin the cathodes to the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer through which the gas or the oxygen-containing gas can be fed, and / or adjacent to the anode or anodes to the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer through which the or the anode / n fuel gas can be fed to. In this way it can be effected that the oxygen-containing gas flows through the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer of the cathode / n to get to the or the cathode and / or the fuel gas, the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer of the anode / s flows through to get to the or the anodes.

In principle, it is possible to form the at least one gas-permeable layer of the fuel cell which bonds silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof from a material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof.

In a further embodiment, the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer of the fuel cell, in particular the cathode / n and / or the anode / s, but a porous support material which at least partially with the at least a material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds is provided. By using a porous carrier material, the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer can be advantageously equipped with materials for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, as such, for example, due to insufficient mechanical stability or porosity, are not suitable for the formation of the gas-permeable layer.

Within the scope of a further embodiment, the at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof at least partially covers the surface of at least part of the pores of the porous carrier material. Due to the fact that the material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof covers the surface of the pores, ie the inner surface of the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer, advantageously a particularly large , Sulfur and / or silicon and / or their compounds binding surface and thus a particularly good intercepting effect can be achieved.

In a further embodiment, the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds bonding layer of the fuel cell, in particular the cathode / n and / or the anode / n, a first and a second portion, wherein in the first section, the porous support material is provided with the at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, wherein in the second section the porous support material is free of the at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or or their compounds. As a result, potential short circuits of the fuel cell can advantageously be avoided, which otherwise might occur with materials for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds having a particular conductivity. In addition, so advantageously the choice of material can be increased.

In particular, the at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds in the first section may cover the surface of the pores of the porous carrier material, in particular substantially all pores of the porous carrier material, at least partially, if appropriate completely.

Within the scope of a further embodiment, the cathode or boundaries adjoin the cathodes to the second, in particular binding material-free, section of the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer, through which the de cathode or oxygen-containing gas can be supplied and / or the anode adjoins the second, in particular bonding material-free, portion of the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer through which the anode or the fuel gas is fed to, on. Thus, potential short circuits can be avoided particularly effectively and the choice of materials can be increased.

In particular, the fuel cell can have a tubular porous carrier, wherein the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer can be realized by impregnation of the tubular porous support of the fuel cell.

In the context of a further embodiment, the fuel cell therefore comprises an at least partially gas-permeable, in particular gas-permeable porous carrier body, which the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer of the fuel cell, in particular the cathode / n and / or Anode / n, comprises or at least partially as the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds binding, layer of the fuel cell, in particular the cathode / n and / or the anode / n used. Thus, a multiple benefit can advantageously be achieved, which can have an advantageous effect both on the cost and on the weight of the fuel cell. In particular, a porous section of the carrier body can serve as a gas-permeable layer / s which binds silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof.

In a further embodiment, the carrier body is formed of a ceramic material.

In this case, it can be understood in particular that the carrier body can comprise, in addition to the ceramic material, further materials, for example the at least one material for binding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, in particular the ceramic material, based on the volume of the carrier body, the largest proportion of the materials of the carrier body makes.

In particular, the carrier body may be formed of an inert ceramic material. In this case, inert can be understood as meaning that the material does not serve as an electrode or electrolyte. The fuel cell can be referred to, for example, as an inertly supported fuel cell.

For example, the support body may comprise or be formed of at least one material selected from the group consisting of magnesium silicates, in particular forsterite, zirconia, in particular doped zirconia, for example doped with 6.5% by weight yttria (Y ₂ O ₃ ) Zirconia, alumina, alumina-zirconia mixtures, spinels, for example, magnesium aluminate, zirconia-glass mixtures, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof.

In the context of a further embodiment, the carrier body is a tubular carrier body. For example, the carrier body may be a tubular carrier body closed on one side or a tubular carrier body open on both sides. In particular, the carrier body can be a tubular carrier body closed on one side. The fuel cell can be referred to as a closed or open, in particular closed, tubular fuel cell.

The functional layers, in particular the (segmented) functional layer system, can for example be applied to the inside of the tubular carrier body. In the context of one embodiment, the cathode or boundaries adjoin the cathodes to the inside of the tubular carrier body. The anode or the anodes can be open and / or from the interior of the tubular support body, for example, freely accessible. In the context of a reverse embodiment, the anode or boundaries adjacent the anodes to the inside of the tubular support body. The cathode or the cathodes may be open and / or accessible from the interior of the tubular carrier body, for example freely.

Conversely, the functional layers, in particular the (segmented) functional layer system, can be applied to the outside of the tubular carrier body. Within the scope of one embodiment, the cathode or boundaries adjoin the cathodes to the outside of the tubular carrier body. In this case, the anode or the anodes can be open and / or accessible from the outer environment of the tubular carrier body, for example freely. In the context of a reverse embodiment, the anode or boundaries adjoins the anodes to the outside of the tubular carrier body. The cathode or the cathodes can thereby be open and / or be accessible from the outer environment of the tubular carrier body, for example freely.

However, it is also possible for the functional layers, in particular the (segmented) functional layer system, to be integrated into the tubular carrier body. In the context of one embodiment, the cathode or boundaries adjoin the cathodes to an outer portion of the tubular carrier body. The anode or the anodes can be adjacent to an inner portion of the tubular support body. In the context of a reverse embodiment, the anode or boundaries adjoins the anodes to an outer portion of the tubular carrier body. The cathode or the cathodes may adjoin an inner portion of the tubular carrier body.

The support body can be gas-permeable in particular in the section to which a functional layer adjoins or on which the (segmented) functional layer system is applied. In addition, the carrier body can have one or more gas-tight sections.

Insofar as the carrier body is a tubular carrier body, for example, a substantially hollow cylindrical, for example medium, section of the tubular carrier body may be permeable to gas in a gas-permeable manner. Adjacent thereto, the tubular carrier body can in particular have two gas-tight sections.

For example, in the case of a unilaterally closed by a cap tubular support body, the cap to be gas-tight. In addition, the one-sided closed by a cap tubular support body at the open end of a gas-tight foot section (mounting flange).

In the case of a tubular support body open on both sides, the support body can have, for example, at both open ends in each case one gas-tight foot section or mounting flange adjacent to the gas-permeable, substantially hollow-cylindrical, for example middle, section.

The at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof may for example be selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth salts, in particular water-soluble alkaline earth salts, for example alkaline earth nitrates and / or an alkaline earth chlorides, and mixtures thereof. Alkaline earth salts, in particular water-soluble alkaline earth salts, have proved to be advantageous for binding silicon and sulfur.

Within the scope of a further embodiment, the at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof comprises or is a magnesium salt, in particular a water-soluble magnesium salt, for example magnesium nitrate and / or magnesium chloride, in particular magnesium nitrate. Magnesium salts, in particular magnesium nitrate, have proved to be particularly advantageous for binding silicon and sulfur.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the fuel cell according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the fuel cell system according to the invention, the method according to the invention, the impregnation solution according to the invention, the energy system according to the invention and with the figures.

Another object of the present invention is a fuel cell system, which comprises at least one fuel cell, in particular high-temperature fuel cell, with a cathode and an anode.

For example, the cathode can be positioned in a gas space that can be acted upon or acted upon by air or another oxygen-containing gas and / or connected to it in a gas-conducting manner. For example, the anode may be gas-conductively connected to and / or positioned in a fuel gas space that can be acted upon with fuel gas.

The at least one fuel cell can be positioned in particular in a gas space, through which the cathode can be acted upon by an oxygen-containing gas. In this case, the anode may be connected in a gas-conducting manner with a fuel gas space which can be acted upon by a fuel gas.

Or the at least one fuel cell may be positioned in a fuel gas space through which the anode thereof with a fuel gas can be acted upon, wherein the cathode is connected gas-conducting with a gas chamber which can be acted upon by an oxygen-containing gas.

According to the invention, at least one, in particular gas-permeable, for example gas-permeable porous layer (coating) is arranged in the gas space or in the fuel gas space, which binds silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds, for example absorbed, adsorbed and / or chemically binds.

In particular, an electrolyte can be arranged between the cathode and the anode.

The at least one fuel cell of the fuel cell system may in particular comprise a plurality of cathodes and anodes, which in particular may form a plurality of cathode-electrolyte-anode units. In particular, the at least one fuel cell of the fuel cell system may have a, in particular segmented, functional layer system which comprises a large number of cathode-electrolyte-anode units connected in series and / or in parallel (segmentation of the functional layers).

In one embodiment, the at least one, in particular gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer of the gas space and / or the fuel gas space is part of the at least one fuel cell of the fuel cell system. In particular, the at least one fuel cell of the fuel cell system may be a fuel cell according to the invention.

In another alternative or additional embodiment, the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the gas space through the at least one, in particular gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer of the gas space and / or the fuel gas through the at least one, in particular gas-permeable , Silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer of the fuel gas chamber in the fuel gas chamber can be introduced. For example, the layer bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof can be arranged in a gas feed line or fuel gas feed line opening into the gas space or combustion gas space in the area of the junction.

In the context of another alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one, in particular gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer of the gas space and / or fuel gas space is applied to a wall defining the gas space or the fuel gas space.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the fuel cell system according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the fuel cell according to the invention, the method according to the invention, the impregnation solution according to the invention, the energy system according to the invention and with the figures.

• a) Bereitstellen eines zumindest teilweise gasdurchlässig porösen Körpers, und
• b) Auftragen einer Imprägnierlösung auf den Körper,

umfasst, wobei die Imprägnierlösung mindestens ein Material zur Bindung von Silizium und/oder Schwefel und/oder deren Verbindungen umfasst.Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a fuel cell, in particular a fuel cell according to the invention, and / or a fuel cell system, in particular a fuel cell system according to the invention, which comprises the method steps:

• a) providing an at least partially gas-permeable porous body, and
• b) applying an impregnating solution to the body,

wherein the impregnation solution comprises at least one material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof.

In particular, in process step b) an impregnation solution according to the invention can be used.

Preferably, the impregnation solution in step b) at least partially penetrates into the pores of the body. The impregnating solution preferably has a sufficiently low viscosity in order to be able to penetrate deep enough into the pore framework of the body (carrier material).

In particular, in method step b), the impregnating solution can be applied to the body in such a way that the impregnating solution penetrates only part of the pores of the body or only partially penetrates the body. In particular, a part of the pores of the body can remain free of impregnation solution. This can be done for example by adjusting the viscosity of the impregnating solution, in particular wherein the viscosity is adjusted so that the body (porous carrier) is not completely penetrated, for example, to the cathode.

In one embodiment, process step b) is carried out by immersing the body in an impregnating solution and / or by spraying the body with an impregnating solution.

For example, a fuel cell can be manufactured by sintering. After the fuel cell has been produced by sintering, can the cell is either immersed in a dipping bath with the impregnating solution in the cooled state or sprayed with the impregnating solution by means of a spraying device.

In method step a), it is possible in particular to provide a, for example, tubular, fuel cell which has an at least partially porous carrier body to which at least one cathode or anode is applied. In particular, the at least one cathode or anode can be applied to a porous section of the carrier body. The impregnation solution can be applied in particular to the cathode or anode side opposite the porous portion of the carrier body.

In this case, in process step b), the impregnating solution can be applied to the carrier body such that pores of the carrier body adjoining the at least one cathode remain free of impregnation solution.

The carrier body may be formed, for example, of a ceramic material. In particular, the carrier body may be formed of an inert ceramic material. The fuel cell can be referred to, for example, as an inertly supported fuel cell.

The carrier body may in particular be a tubular carrier body. For example, the carrier body may be a tubular carrier body closed on one side or a tubular carrier body open on both sides. In particular, the carrier body can be a tubular carrier body closed on one side. The fuel cell can be referred to as a closed or open, in particular closed, tubular fuel cell.

The fuel cell provided in method step a) may in particular have a functional layer system, for example segmented, which comprises a large number of cathode-electrolyte-anode units, for example connected in series and / or in parallel (segmentation of the functional layers).

In this case, the functional layer system can in particular be applied to the carrier body in such a way that its cathodes or anodes adjoin the carrier body.

The functional layers or the (segmented) functional layer system can be applied, for example, on the inside or on the outside, in particular the inside, of the tubular carrier body.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the method according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the fuel cell according to the invention, the fuel cell system according to the invention, the impregnation solution according to the invention, the energy system according to the invention and with the figures.

Another object of the present invention is an impregnating solution for producing a, in particular inventive fuel cell and / or, in particular inventive fuel cell system, in particular by a method according to the invention, in which an alkaline earth metal salt, in particular a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt, for example an alkaline earth nitrate and / or an alkaline earth chloride, for example a magnesium salt, for example magnesium nitrate and / or magnesium chloride, in particular magnesium nitrate, is contained. This ingredient is responsible for the binding of silicon and sulfur.

Alkaline earth nitrates and / or alkaline earth chlorides, in particular magnesium nitrate, are advantageously water-soluble.

In particular, the impregnating solution may therefore be an aqueous impregnating solution.

Furthermore, the solution may include organic materials that improve the effect and set an optimum viscosity. This organics can be decomposed without residue during commissioning of the fuel cell (SOFC), where high temperatures of> 500 ° C are reached.

The impregnating solution may therefore further contain at least one organic compound for adjusting the viscosity of the impregnating solution.

For example, the at least one organic compound can be selected from the group of alkoxides and mixtures thereof.

The viscosity of the impregnating solution may be adjusted, for example, such that when impregnating a porous body, the impregnating solution at least partially penetrates into the pores of the porous body. Preferably, however, the impregnating solution only penetrates into a part of the pores of the porous body. For example, the viscosity of the impregnating solution may be adjusted so that when impregnating an at least partially gas-permeable porous carrier body of the fuel cell or a gas space of the fuel cell, there is no impregnation of the cathode of the fuel cell.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the impregnating solution according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the fuel cell according to the invention, the fuel cell system according to the invention, the method according to the invention, the energy system according to the invention and with the figures.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to an energy system, for example a combined heat and power plant, for example for a residential or commercial building, an industrial plant, a power plant, a vehicle, an aircraft, a train, a telecommunications system or a data center, for example a micro Combined heat and power plant and / or a vehicle, an aircraft, a train, a telecommunications system or a data center, which / s a fuel cell according to the invention and / or a fuel cell system according to the invention and / or a fuel cell prepared according to the invention and / or a fuel cell system produced according to the invention includes and / or uses (use in SOFC CHP plants). A (micro) combined heat and power plant may, in particular, be understood to mean a plant for the simultaneous generation of electricity and heat from an energy source.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the energy system according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the fuel cell according to the invention, the fuel cell system according to the invention, the method according to the invention, the impregnation solution according to the invention and with the figures.

drawings

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject invention are illustrated by the drawings and explained in the following description. It should be noted that the drawings have only descriptive character and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Show it

1a - 2 B schematic cross sections through embodiments of inventive fuel cells;

3a - 5b schematic cross sections through embodiments of fuel cells according to the invention with tubular carrier bodies,

6 a schematic cross section through an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention;

7a . 7b schematic cross sections through further embodiments of fuel cell systems according to the invention; and

8a . 8b schematic cross sections through further embodiments of inventive fuel cell systems.

1a shows that the fuel cell 10 a cathode 1 , an anode 2 and one between the cathode 1 and the anode 2 arranged electrolyte 3 includes. The cathode 1 is doing with an oxygen-containing gas, in particular air, 4 acted upon. The anode 2 is doing it with a fuel gas 5 , For example, hydrogen, acted upon.

1a illustrates that the fuel cell 10 a gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b which is a material 6a for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, for example magnesium nitrate. The oxygen-containing gas 4 is through the gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b the cathode 1 fed. 1a shows that while doing the cathode 1 to the gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b borders.

As part of the in 1a The embodiment shown is the gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b from a porous carrier material 6b formed, in which substantially all pores are a material 6a for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds. In particular, the surface of the pores of the porous support material is 6b at least partially with the material 6a covered for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds.

In the 1b The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 1a shown embodiment that the fuel cell 10 a gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer 7 . 7a . 7b has, by which fuel gas 5 the anode 2 can be supplied, wherein the anode 2 to the layer 7 . 7a . 7b borders.

In the 2a The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 1a shown embodiment that the gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b a first 6a and a second 6b Section, wherein in the first section 6a the pores of the porous carrier material 6b the material 6a for the bonding of silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds, wherein the pores of the porous support material 6b in the second section 6b free from the material 6a for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds. The cathode 1 borders on the second section 6b the gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b at. This is special advantageous if the material 6a for ur bonding of silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds has an electrical conductivity which is sufficient for a current path through the gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b form and which otherwise potentially cause a short circuit of the fuel cell 10 over the gas-permeable layer 6 . 6a . 6b could lead. This is especially true for fuel cells 10 important, which have a segmented functional layer system whose segments form a plurality of cathode 1-electrolyte-3-anode-2 units.

In the 2 B The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 2a shown embodiment that the fuel cell 10 a gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer 7 . 7a . 7b with a bonding material containing, first section 7a and a bondless second section 7b has, by which fuel gas 5 the anode 2 can be supplied, wherein the anode 2 to the second section 7b the layer 7 borders.

3a shows a tubular embodiment of the fuel cell according to the invention 10 in which the fuel cell 10 a tubular carrier body 6 from an inert ceramic material 6b has on its inside a segmented functional layer system is applied, the segments of which form a plurality of cathode 1-electrolyte-3-anode-2 units. Here are the cathodes 1 adjacent to the carrier body 6 arranged. The tubular carrier body 6 is executed closed on one side and separates one with an oxygen-containing gas 4 act on external space of one with a fuel gas 5 loadable inner space.

In the to the cathodes 1 adjacent section has the tubular carrier body 6 gas permeable pores through which the cathodes 1 with the oxygen-containing gas 4 can be acted upon. The pores are according to the in 1a or 2a embodiment shown at least partially with a material 6a provided for bonding of silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds, so that the carrier body 6 in this section also called gas-permeable, the material 6a layer comprising silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof 6 . 6a . 6b serves.

In the 3b The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 3a shown embodiment that the fuel cell 10 a gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer 7 . 7a . 7b has, by which fuel gas 5 the anode 2 can be fed, wherein the tubular carrier body 7 one with an oxygen-containing gas 4 loadable inner space of one with a fuel gas 5 separates actable outer space.

In the 4a The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 3a shown embodiment, that the segmented functional layer system on the outside of the tubular support body 6 is applied, wherein the tubular carrier body 6 one with an oxygen-containing gas 4 loadable inner space of one with a fuel gas 5 separates actable outer space.

In the 4b The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 4a shown embodiment that the fuel cell 10 a gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer 7 . 7a . 7b has, by which fuel gas 5 the anode 2 can be fed, wherein the tubular carrier body 7 one with an oxygen-containing gas 4 act on external space of one with a fuel gas 5 separates actable inner space.

In the 5a The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 3a shown embodiment, that the segmented functional layer system in the tubular support body 6 . 7 is integrated, wherein the tubular carrier body 6 . 7 one to the cathode 1 adjacent gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer portion 6 . 6a . 6b through which an oxygen-containing gas 4 the cathode 1 from outside the tubular carrier body 6 . 7 can be fed, and one to the anode 2 adjacent, gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer portion 7 . 7a . 7b through which a fuel gas 5 the anode 2 from within the tubular support body 6 . 7 can be fed.

In the 5b The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 5a shown embodiment that the anode 2 radially outward of the cathode 1 is formed, wherein the tubular carrier body 6 . 7 one with an oxygen-containing gas 4 loadable inner space of one with a fuel gas 5 separates actable outer space.

6 shows an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention, which several, in particular four, one-sided closed tubular fuel cells 10 comprising, each at least one cathode 1 and at least one anode 2 exhibit. The fuel cells 10 are in a gas room 4 positioned through which their cathodes 1 with an oxygen-containing gas 4 can be acted upon. In this case, in particular, the closed side of the fuel cells closed on one side 10 , especially from the outside, with the oxygen-containing gas flows around. 6 shows that the gas space 4 a gas supply line 4a for introducing the oxygen-containing gas 4 in the gas space 4 and an exhaust gas discharge 4b for discharging an exhaust gas from the gas space 4 having.

6 further illustrates that the fuel cell system also has a fuel gas space 5 by which a fuel gas into the interior of the fuel cells closed on one side 10 can be flowed to the anodes 2 the fuel cells 10 with fuel gas 5 to act on. 6 shows that the fuel gas space 5 a gas supply line 5a for introducing the fuel gas 5 in the fuel gas room 5 and an exhaust gas discharge 5b for discharging an exhaust gas from the fuel gas space 5 having.

As part of the in 6 embodiment shown, the fuel cells 10 in each case at least one gas-permeable layer 6 . 7 which comprises a material for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof and through which the oxygen-containing gas 4 the cathodes 1 and / or the fuel gas 5 the anodes 2 the fuel cells 10 can be fed. In particular, the fuel cells can 10 like the ones in the 3a to 5b shown fuel cell 10 be executed.

Conversely to the in 6 illustrated embodiment, the fuel cells 10 also in a fuel gas room 5 be positioned, through which its anode 2 with a fuel gas 4 can be acted upon, with their cathodes 1 gas-conducting with one with an oxygen-containing gas 4 actable gas space 4 are connected. This is also as a reversal of the explained below and in the 7a to 8b shown embodiments possible.

In the 7a The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 6 shown embodiment that the gas space 4 a silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer 6 having, which in the entrance area of the gas space 4 , in particular in the junction region of the gas supply line 4a , is arranged so that the oxygen-containing gas 4 the layer 6 when introducing into the gas space 4 flows through.

In the 7b The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 7a shown embodiment that the fuel gas space 5 a silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer 7 having, which in the input area of the fuel gas chamber 5 , in particular in the junction region of the gas supply line 5a , is arranged so that the fuel gas 5 the layer 7 when introducing into the fuel gas chamber 5 flows through.

In the 8a The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in the 6 and 7a embodiments shown that the silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer 6 on the, the gas space 4 limiting walls is applied.

In the 8b The embodiment shown differs essentially from that in FIG 8a shown embodiment that on the, the fuel gas space 5 delimiting walls a silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer 7 is applied.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1699103 A1 [0007]
• US 2009/0324449 A1 [0008]
• EP 2339677 A1 [0009]

Cited non-patent literature

• Schuler (Journal of Power Sources, 196, 2011) [0004]
• Sasaki published in the Journal of Power Sources (2011) [0005]

Claims (15)

Fuel cell ( 10 ), in particular high-temperature fuel cell, with a cathode ( 1 ) and an anode ( 2 ) wherein the cathode ( 1 ) with an oxygen-containing gas ( 4 ) is acted upon, and / or wherein the anode ( 2 ) with a fuel gas ( 5 ) can be acted upon, characterized in that the fuel cell ( 10 ) at least one gas-permeable layer ( 6 . 6a . 6b ; 7 . 7a . 7b ), which comprises at least one material ( 6a ) for binding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds, wherein the oxygen-containing gas ( 4 ) by a gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 ) of the fuel cell ( 10 ) the cathode ( 1 ), and / or wherein the fuel gas ( 5 ) by a gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 7 ) of the fuel cell ( 10 ) of the anode ( 1 ) can be fed. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode ( 1 ) to the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 ) through which the cathode ( 1 ) oxygen-containing gas ( 4 ) can be supplied, adjacent and / or the anode ( 2 ) to the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 7 ) through which the anode ( 2 ) Fuel gas ( 5 ) is adjacent, adjacent. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 ; 7 ) of the fuel cell ( 10 ) a porous carrier material ( 6b ; 7b ), wherein the carrier material ( 6b ; 7b ) at least partially with the at least one material ( 6a ; 7a ) is provided for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one material ( 6a ; 7a ) for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, the surface of at least part of the pores of the porous support material ( 6b ; 7b ) at least partially covered. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds bonding layer ( 6 ; 7 ) of the fuel cell ( 10 ) a first ( 6a ; 7a ) and a second ( 6b ; 7b ) Section, wherein in the first section ( 6a ; 7a ) the porous support material ( 6b ; 7b ) with the at least one material ( 6a ; 7a ) is provided for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, in particular wherein the at least one material ( 6a ; 7a ) for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, the surface of the pores of the porous support material ( 6b ; 7b ) is at least partially covered, wherein in the second section ( 6b ; 7b ) the porous support material ( 6b ; 7b ) free of the at least one material ( 6a ; 7b ) for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the cathode ( 1 ) to the second section ( 6b ) the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 ) through which the cathode ( 1 ) oxygen-containing gas ( 4 ) can be supplied, adjacent and / or the anode ( 2 ) to the second section ( 7b ) the gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 7 ) through which the anode ( 2 ) Fuel gas ( 5 ) is adjacent, adjacent. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fuel cell ( 10 ) an at least partially gas-permeable support body ( 6 . 7 ), wherein the carrier body ( 6 . 7 ) the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 . 7 ) or at least partially as the at least one gas-permeable, silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 ; 7 ) serves. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier body ( 6 . 7 ) is formed of a ceramic material, in particular an inert ceramic material. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the carrier body ( 6 . 7 ) is a tubular carrier body. Fuel cell ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one material ( 6a ; 7a ) for bonding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, an alkaline earth metal salt, for example an alkaline earth metal nitrate and / or alkaline earth metal chloride, in particular magnesium nitrate, comprises or is. Fuel cell system comprising at least one fuel cell ( 10 ), in particular high-temperature fuel cell, with a cathode ( 1 ) and an anode ( 2 ), wherein the at least one fuel cell ( 10 ) in a gas space ( 4 ) is positioned, through which the cathode ( 1 ) with an oxygen-containing gas ( 4 ) is acted upon, wherein the anode ( 2 ) gas-conducting with one with a fuel gas ( 5 ) acted upon fuel gas space ( 5 ), or wherein the at least one fuel cell ( 10 ) in a fuel gas space ( 5 ) is positioned, through which its anode ( 2 ) with a fuel gas ( 4 ) is acted upon, wherein the cathode ( 1 ) gas-conducting with one with an oxygen-containing gas ( 4 ) acted upon gas space ( 4 ), wherein in the gas space ( 4 ) and / or in the fuel gas space ( 5 ), at least one, in particular gas-permeable, layer ( 6 ; 7 ), which binds silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds. Fuel cell system ( 10 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that - the at least one silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 ; 7 ) of the gas space ( 4 ) and / or the fuel gas space ( 5 ) Component of the at least one fuel cell ( 10 ), in particular wherein the fuel cell ( 10 ) is a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and / or - the at least one silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds bonding layer 6 7) of the gas space ( 4 ) and / or the fuel gas space ( 5 ) on a gas space ( 4 ) or the fuel gas space ( 5 ) limiting wall is applied, and / or - the oxygen-containing gas ( 4 ) by the at least one silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 6 ) of the gas space ( 4 ) into the gas space ( 4 ) and / or the fuel gas ( 5 ) by the at least one silicon and / or sulfur and / or their compounds binding layer ( 7 ) of the fuel gas space ( 5 ) in the fuel gas space ( 5 ) can be introduced. Method for producing a fuel cell, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 10, and / or a fuel cell system, in particular according to claim 11 or 12, comprising the method steps: a) providing an at least partially gas-permeable porous body ( 6b ; 7b ), and b) applying an impregnating solution to the body ( 6b ; 7b ), wherein the impregnating solution comprises at least one material ( 6a ; 7b ) for binding silicon and / or sulfur and / or compounds thereof, in particular wherein in process step b) the impregnating solution at least partially into the pores of the body ( 6b ; 7b ) penetrates. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that method step b) by immersing the body ( 6b ; 7b ) into an impregnating solution or by spraying the body ( 6b ; 7b ) with an impregnating solution. Impregnating solution for producing a fuel cell or a fuel cell system, in particular by a method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the impregnating solution contains an alkaline earth metal salt, for example an alkaline earth nitrate and / or an alkaline earth chloride, in particular magnesium nitrate, in particular wherein the impregnating solution is an aqueous impregnating solution, in particular, wherein the impregnating solution further contains at least one organic compound for adjusting the viscosity of the impregnating solution.

Images