DE102012213214A1 - Device, useful for desalinating water, comprises at least one osmosis membrane, through which saline water is forced at high pressure, and a pump driven by labors - Google Patents

Device, useful for desalinating water, comprises at least one osmosis membrane, through which saline water is forced at high pressure, and a pump driven by labors Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102012213214A1
DE102012213214A1 DE102012213214A DE102012213214A DE102012213214A1 DE 102012213214 A1 DE102012213214 A1 DE 102012213214A1 DE 102012213214 A DE102012213214 A DE 102012213214A DE 102012213214 A DE102012213214 A DE 102012213214A DE 102012213214 A1 DE102012213214 A1 DE 102012213214A1
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Prior art keywords
water
osmosis membrane
pump
pressure
membrane
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DE102012213214A
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German (de)
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Anmelder Gleich
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B01D2313/243—Pumps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Abstract

Device for desalinating water, comprises at least one osmosis membrane, through which saline water is forced at high pressure, and a pump driven by labors. An independent claim is also included for desalinating water, preferably desalinating sea water, comprising applying saline water on the osmosis membrane at a pressure of more than 50 bar, preferably more than 80 bar, and collecting the desalinated water downstream of the osmosis membrane.

Description

Anwendungsgebiet und Stand der TechnikField of application and state of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Wasserentsalzung, wobei Osmosemembranen verwendet werden. The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for desalination of water, wherein osmotic membranes are used.

Wasserentsalzung ist bekannt zur Gewinnung von Trinkwasser, beispielsweise durch Elektrolyse. Diese ist jedoch sehr energieaufwendig, weil hierzu entweder sehr hohe Temperaturen benötigt werden oder aber elektrischer Strom. Desalination is known for the production of drinking water, for example by electrolysis. However, this is very energy-intensive, because this either very high temperatures are needed or electric power.

Aufgabe und LösungTask and solution

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine eingangs genannte Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Wasserentsalzung zu schaffen, mit denen Probleme des Standes der Technik gelöst werden können und insbesondere einfach und effizient sowie zuverlässig Wasser entsalzt werden kann bzw. Trinkwasser gewonnen werden.The invention has for its object to provide an aforementioned device and a method for desalination with which problems of the prior art can be solved and in particular easy and efficient and reliable water can be desalinated or drinking water are obtained.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5. Vorteilhafte sowie bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der weiteren Ansprüche und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 5. Advantageous and preferred embodiments of the invention are subject matter of further claims and are explained in more detail below.

Manche der Merkmale werden dabei nur für die Vorrichtung oder nur für das Verfahren beschrieben. Sie sollen jedoch unabhängig davon sowohl für die Vorrichtung als auch für das Verfahren gelten können. Some of the features are described only for the device or only for the method. However, they should apply independently to both the device and the method.

Die Erfindung basiert darauf, dass mittels Osmose bzw. als technische Realisierung mittels Osmosemembranen Wasser entsalzt wird und so beispielsweise aus Meerwasser Trinkwasser gewonnen werden kann. Der hierzu benötigte Druck ist zwar sehr groß und bewegt sich im Bereich von über 50 bar bei derzeit vorhandenen Vorrichtungen bzw. Osmosemembranen. Er kann sogar 80 bis 100 bar betragen. The invention is based on the fact that water is desalinated by osmosis or as a technical realization by means of osmosis membranes and thus drinking water can be obtained, for example, from seawater. The pressure required for this purpose is indeed very large and is in the range of more than 50 bar in currently existing devices or osmosis membranes. It can even be 80 to 100 bar.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dieser Druck durch Pumpen erzeugt, welche in einem einfachen Fall mit Arbeitstieren betrieben werden, beispielsweise Eseln, Pferden, Ochsen oder Kamelen. According to the invention, this pressure is generated by pumps, which are operated in a simple case with working animals, such as donkeys, horses, oxen or camels.

Eine erste Möglichkeit der Erfindung besteht darin, dass an Land oder im Wesentlichen auf Meerhöhe oder in Küstennähe Osmosemembranen platziert werden und dann wird salzhaltiges Wasser bzw. Meerwasser mit entsprechendem Druck durch sie hindurchgedrückt, so dass sich entsalztes Wasser bzw. Trinkwasser ergibt. A first possibility of the invention is that osmosis membranes are placed on land or substantially at sea level or near the coast, and then saline water or seawater is forced through it with a corresponding pressure, so that desalinated water or drinking water results.

Eine von Arbeitstieren betriebenen Pumpe kann beispielsweise über eine Art Drehkreuz angetrieben werden mit vertikaler Achse, um welche die Arbeitstiere an lange Stangen angeschirrt umlaufen. A run by working animals pump can be driven, for example, a kind of turnstile with vertical axis, around which the workhorses strapped to long rods.

Eine alternative Methode besteht darin, einen Körper, vorteilhaft einen Würfel bzw. einen Quader aus einem ausreichend stabilen Gerüst mit Osmosemembranen zumindest teilweise, vorteilhaft vollständig, zu bedecken. Dann werden diese Quader tief im Meer versenkt, und zwar im Prinzip in eine derartige Tiefe, dass der Wasserdruck alleine bereits ausreicht, Wasser durch die Osmosemembran hindurchzudrücken und dabei zu entsalzen. Dann muss allerdings das Wasser aus dem Inneren des Quaders noch nach oben gepumpt werden, wozu eben wiederum eine vorbeschriebene, von Arbeitstieren angetriebene Pumpe verwendet werden kann. Dazu kann eine entsprechend lange Leitung, sei es als flexibler Schlauch oder als starre Leitung, von dem versenkten Quader bis zur Meeresoberfläche bzw. bis zur Pumpe führen. An alternative method is to cover a body, advantageously a cube or a cuboid from a sufficiently stable framework with osmosis membranes at least partially, advantageously completely. Then these cuboids are sunk deep into the sea, and in principle in such a depth that the water pressure alone is already sufficient to push water through the osmosis membrane and thereby desalting. Then, however, the water from the interior of the cuboid still has to be pumped upwards, for which purpose in turn a previously described, driven by working animals pump can be used. For this purpose, a correspondingly long line, be it as a flexible hose or as a rigid line, from the sunken block to the sea surface or lead to the pump.

Man bedarf ca. mindestens 1 Würfel-Stahlgerüst mit mindestens 1 m Kantenlänge. Umwölbt komplett mit Osmosemembranplatten. Versenkt in mindestens 800 m Wassertiefe lassen diese nur H2O Süßwasser (ohne NaCl) hineinsickern. Dieser kann durch eine Art „Pumpe“ an die Küste die 800 m hoch transportiert werden, wohl mittels eines hochgehenden Rohres mit vielleicht nur 5 cm Durchmesser. Die bislang zum Betrieb nötige energieerforderliche Leistung des „Hochpumpens“ wird durch Tiere am zu gießenden Ufer erbracht. Diese Esel/Kamele/Pferde ziehen im simpelsten Fall Eimer mit Süßwasser gefüllt von unten hoch. Es gibt aber effizientere Pumpen mit Tierbetrieb. Der möglichst nahest liegende Bereich am „Steilküsten“-Ufer in der Nähe der Anlage soll dann einfach soweit mit Süßwasser versorgt werden, dass dortige Samen angehen, für die Pumptiere pflanzliches Essen angebaut wird sowie für den Lokal- bzw. Weltmarkt samen- und wärmebedürftige Nährpflanzen gesetzt und gepflegt werden.At least 1 cube steel framework with at least 1 m edge length is required. Rebuilt complete with osmosis membrane plates. Submerged in at least 800 m water depth let these only H 2 O infiltrate fresh water (without NaCl). This can be transported by a kind "pump" to the coast the 800 m high, probably by means of a rising pipe with perhaps only 5 cm diameter. The so far required for the operation energy required performance of the "high pumping" is provided by animals on the shore to be poured. These donkeys / camels / horses pull in the simplest case buckets filled with fresh water from below. But there are more efficient pumps with animal operation. The closest possible area on the "cliff" near the plant should then be supplied with fresh water just enough to tackle the local seeds, for the pumped animals vegetable food is grown as well as for the local or world market seed and heat-requiring nutrients be set and maintained.

Claims (8)

Vorrichtung zur Entsalzung von Wasser, insbesondere zur Wasserentsalzung, mit mindestens einer Osmosemembran, wobei salzhaltiges Wasser mit hohem Druck durch die Osmosemembran hindurchgedrückt wird und eine von Arbeitstieren angetriebene Pumpe vorgesehen ist.Apparatus for desalting water, in particular for water desalination, with at least one osmosis membrane, wherein salty water is forced through the osmosis membrane at high pressure and a pump driven by working animals is provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Osmosemembran in etwa auf Meereshöhe bzw. außerhalb des Meeres angeordnet ist und eine von den Arbeitstieren angetriebene Pumpe vor der Osmosemembran angeordnet ist und so an diese angekoppelt ist, dass das von der Pumpe gepumpte salzhaltige Wasser durch die Osmosemembran hindurch tritt, wobei vorzugsweise eine Sammeleinrichtung für entsalztes Wasser hinter der Osmosemembran angeordnet ist.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the osmosis membrane is arranged approximately at sea level or outside the sea and driven by the working animals pump is arranged in front of the osmosis membrane and is coupled to this, that pumped by the pump salt-containing water through the Osmosemembran passes, preferably a collecting device for desalinated water is disposed behind the osmotic membrane. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Osmosemembran in einigen hundert Meter Wassertiefe versenkt ist, vorzugsweise mindestens 500 m oder 800 m, und auf der Eingangsseite der Osmosemembran der Wasserdruck anliegt und auf der anderen Seite der Osmosemembran ein abgeschlossenes Volumen mit einer Wasserleitung an die Oberfläche bzw. an Land. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an osmosis membrane is sunk in a few hundred meters water depth, preferably at least 500 m or 800 m, and rests on the input side of the osmosis membrane, the water pressure and on the other side of the osmotic membrane a closed volume with a Water pipe to the surface or on land. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Osmosemembran mehrere Seiten eines dreidimensionalen Körpers, insbesondere eines Quaders oder einer Kugel, mit Haltegerüst bedeckt. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that an osmotic membrane several sides of a three-dimensional body, in particular a cuboid or a sphere, covered with holding framework. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Pumpe an Land angeordnet ist und mit der von dem Körper kommenden Wasserleitung verbunden ist zum Hochpumpen von entsalztem Wasser.Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a pump is arranged on land and is connected to the water line coming from the body for pumping up desalinated water. Verfahren zur Entsalzung von Wasser, insbesondere zur Meerwasserentsalzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an einer Osmosemembran salzhaltiges Wasser mit einem Druck von mehr als 50 bar, insbesondere mehr als 80 bar, angelegt wird und das hinter der Osmosemembran entsalzte Wasser gesammelt wird.A process for the desalting of water, in particular for seawater desalination, characterized in that at an osmosis membrane saline water at a pressure of more than 50 bar, in particular more than 80 bar, is applied and the desalted water behind the osmosis membrane is collected. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das salzhaltige Wasser mit einer von Arbeitstieren angetriebenen Pumpe gegen die Osmosemembran gedrückt wird mit der erforderlichen Druck.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the saline water is pressed with a driven by working animals pump against the osmosis membrane with the required pressure. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Osmosemembran derart tief im Wasser bzw. im Meer angeordnet ist, dass der dort vorhandene Wasserdruck ausreicht zum Hindurchtreten, wobei hinter der Osmosemembran im Wesentlichen atmosphärischer Druck herrscht, und das entsalzte Wasser hinter der Osmosemembran mit von Arbeitstieren angetriebenen Pumpen an die Wasseroberfläche bzw. an Land gepumpt wird. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the osmosis membrane is located so deep in the water or in the sea that the water pressure there is sufficient to pass through, wherein behind the osmosis membrane is substantially atmospheric pressure, and the desalted water behind the osmosis membrane with Working animals driven pump is pumped to the water surface or ashore.
DE102012213214A 2012-07-26 2012-07-26 Device, useful for desalinating water, comprises at least one osmosis membrane, through which saline water is forced at high pressure, and a pump driven by labors Withdrawn DE102012213214A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015219217A1 (en) 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Wilhelm M. Stirn Apparatus and method for purifying seawater
WO2020259733A1 (en) 2019-06-26 2020-12-30 Stirn Wilhelm Michael Device for treating water that is to be cleaned, namely fresh water, salt water or brackish water, in particular for desalination of water that is to be cleaned; reverse osmosis unit for treating water that is to be cleaned, namely fresh water, salt water or brackish water, in particular for desalination of water that is to be cleaned; method for treating water that is to be cleaned, namely fresh water, salt water or brackish water, in particular for desalination of water that is to be cleaned

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015219217A1 (en) 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Wilhelm M. Stirn Apparatus and method for purifying seawater
WO2020259733A1 (en) 2019-06-26 2020-12-30 Stirn Wilhelm Michael Device for treating water that is to be cleaned, namely fresh water, salt water or brackish water, in particular for desalination of water that is to be cleaned; reverse osmosis unit for treating water that is to be cleaned, namely fresh water, salt water or brackish water, in particular for desalination of water that is to be cleaned; method for treating water that is to be cleaned, namely fresh water, salt water or brackish water, in particular for desalination of water that is to be cleaned

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