DE102012211332A1 - Dentures, veneer for a denture and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method of manufacturing a dental prosthesis, a scaffold (10) is provided, and a veneer (12) for the scaffold (10) is made by a process comprising deep drawing a foil (38) on the scaffold (10). In a method of manufacturing a veneer (12) intended to be attached to at least one framework (10) of the dental prosthesis as part of a denture, a model of the framework (10) is provided and the veneer (12) becomes produced by a process comprising deep drawing a film (38) on the model of the framework (10). A dental prosthesis has a framework (10) and a deep-drawn veneer (12) arranged on the framework (10). A veneer (12) for a denture is deep-drawn. The invention is used for the rapid and cost-effective production of dental prostheses or a veneer with good dental properties.

Description

The invention relates to the technical fields of dental prosthesis and the production of dental prostheses and parts thereof.

The term "dentures" should be understood in the present document, all fixed or removable objects that replace one or more teeth of a living organism in whole or in part. Typical examples of fixed dentures are crowns (also partial crowns, which do not completely cover a tooth) and bridges. Both crowns and bridges may be attached (e.g., cemented or screwed) to remnants of natural teeth and / or implants. Examples of removable dentures are prostheses. However, these examples are not meant to be exhaustive. By contrast, dentures as used herein should not be understood to mean objects that do not replace at least a portion of a tooth, such as splints (e.g., crunch bars, bite splints, or whitening splints) or orthodontic appliances (e.g., braces) or gum shields for athletes.

In the prior art, various methods for the production of dental prostheses are known in which a framework (ie in particular an inner part of the dental prosthesis) is veneered. The methods used to veneer the framework are broadly categorized as manual veneering, over-arching, and fully computerized manufacturing, with some overlap. The mentioned categories of known methods are briefly described below:
When manually veneering a crown or bridge, the crown or bridge framework (made of precious metal, glass ceramic such as lithium disilicate, oxide ceramics, titanium or non-precious metal) is completed by the dental technician using ceramic veneering materials (eg feldspar ceramic, plastic, composite) to form a fully anatomical crown / bridge. This process is done by hand. For example, the veneering ceramic is applied as a ceramic powder / liquid mixture and then densely sintered in the ceramic furnace. This process must be repeated several times, as the ceramic masses shrink and therefore this deficit must be compensated. A stain and glaze firebrand completes the veneering process.

The manual veneering is very time-consuming and thus cost-intensive. In addition, the manual application process can result in defects (e.g., blisters) in the veneer that reduce the strength and longevity of the veneer.

When overpressing a framework (overpressing technique), the fully anatomical outer form is waxed onto the framework (made of precious metal, oxide ceramics or non-precious metal) by the dental technician. In the meantime, it has also been possible to produce this anatomical outer shape using CAD / CAM processes from residue-free combustible plastic and to grow this veneer onto the framework (CAO = Computer Aided Overpress). In both variants, the waxed-up work (ie the framework with the waxed veneer) is provided with supply channels made of wax or residue-free combustible plastic and then embedded in quartz investment material. After curing of the investment, a so-called "press muffle" is created. In a preheating furnace at about 850 ° C, the wax or plastic burned out, so that a hollow mold is formed. A veneering ceramic blank (for example of silicate ceramic such as lithium disilicate) heated to the plastic phase is pressed into the mold at about 900 ° C. and at about 5 bar pressure in a press furnace. After cooling the muffle, the denture is embrittled by blasting with alumina powder. The veneer is completed with a stain and glaze firebrand.

Similar to manual veneering, the production of veneering after the overpressing process is very time-consuming, since the veneer also has to be waxed up manually here. In addition, further processing steps are carried out here, such as embedding, pressing and devesting. The CAO procedure is a bit cheaper, but requires complex equipment in the dental laboratory.

In methods of fully computerized fabrication (the so-called "digital veneering"), the fully anatomical outer shape of the denture, e.g. the crown or bridge, constructed. Subsequently, this data set is divided into the two components of the framework and the veneer (so-called file splitting). Both the framework and the veneer are produced using computer-aided processes and then joined together in a joining process. Suitable manufacturing methods can be classified as CNC or RP methods (CNC = Computerized Numerical Control, RP = Rapid Prototyping), whereby CNC methods are often generally subtractive methods and often generally additive methods under RP methods be understood. The connection of framework and veneering can be done either by a ceramic sintered composite firing or by gluing.

The digital veneering reduces the manual component in the production of veneering crowns and bridges considerably. Furthermore, almost error-free components can be manufactured. However, costly CAD / CAM equipment is needed to make the framework and veneer structure, which also takes a relatively long time to make each framework and each veneer.

Next monolithic, fully anatomical crowns and bridges are known in the art, which are made in one piece from a single material and thus do not have the two components scaffold and veneer. For this purpose, various materials can be used, in particular zirconium oxide is currently in great demand. Although monolithic crowns made of zirconium oxide are relatively easy to produce, but must be elaborately ground and polished by the dentist during the try-in in the mouth. In addition, such crowns are not optimal dentistry dental, because zirconium oxide has virtually no damping properties and therefore the forces occurring during the chewing pulse and unattenuated be forwarded to the periodontium apparatus.

The U.S. Patent 6,106,295 shows a crown for children with a high density polyethylene (HDPE) facing mounted on a stainless steel framework. The framework consists of a metal base on which a fine mesh of stainless steel is welded. A veneer layer of high density polyethylene is placed on the net and heated by a hot air blower to the melting point of the polyethylene. The molten polyethylene penetrates the net and forms a strong, positive connection. Other layers of polyethylene can be applied to the first layer just mentioned and in turn connected to this first layer by heating to the melting point.

The invention has the object to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, at least in part. In particular, the invention is intended to provide a cost effective solution for producing a dental prosthesis with good dental properties.

The invention is defined by the independent claims. The dependent claims relate to optional features of some embodiments and further developments of the invention.

The invention is based on the basic idea to provide a dental prosthesis with a dental scaffold, which is completed by a veneering produced by thermoforming in the desired anatomical shape. Furthermore, the invention also includes the production of a deep-drawn veneer, which can serve as a replacement or replacement part for a denture, for example.

The inventors have recognized that it is possible with the thermoforming process to produce veneers quickly and inexpensively, which nevertheless have good dental properties. In particular, by suitable choice of the veneering material desired damping properties can be achieved. Since industrially produced veneering material (usually a thermoformed sheet) is used in preferred embodiments, the desired low dispersion characteristics can be maintained.

In the independent claims, among other things, "a framework", "a delusion" and "a model" is mentioned. The indefinite article in these formulations is to be understood in the sense of "at least one" and should therefore include embodiments in which the denture has multiple scaffolds and / or multiple veneers. Of course, embodiments should also be included in which the dentures - as is usually the case with a crown - has only a single framework and only a single veneer.

In some embodiments, a computer-aided design and / or manufacturing process is used in the manufacture of the scaffold. In particular, such a method has the advantage that the outside of the framework can be designed individually so that the desired shape and size of the finished denture result after the deep-drawing process. In particular, the thickness of the film to be expected after the deep-drawing process can be taken into account in the design of the outside of the framework. Here, in some embodiments, thermoforming properties of the film - e.g. the fact that the film thickness decreases with increasing stretch of the film in the deep drawing process - to be considered.

In some embodiments, thermoforming of the film involves application of positive and / or negative pressure. As a result, it can be achieved, for example, that the film follows the contour of the framework exactly, without requiring manual pressing of the film onto the framework with a tool. For the deep-drawing process, the film is clamped in some embodiments in a film holder, which fixes the film at least at a plurality of radially spaced from the frame locations, and preferably on all sides, so around the frame. Preferably, the deep-drawn film forms the veneer or at least a part thereof after the deep-drawing process.

The veneer can be held in different configurations by means of an adhesive layer and / or a bonding layer and / or by macroretention to the framework. Preferably, this adhesive and / or chemical and / or mechanical connection is produced during the deep-drawing process, without an additional processing step being required.

The invention also encompasses a deep-drawn veneer and a dental prosthesis with a framework and a deep-drawn veneer arranged on the framework. Such a veneer and such a denture are further developed in preferred embodiments with features that correspond to the features mentioned in the present description and / or in the dependent method claims.

Further features, objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:

1 a cross section through a designed as Verblendkrone dentures according to an embodiment of the invention during production directly after a deep-drawing process,

2 a cross section of the completed dentures according to 1 on a tooth stump, and

3 a representation of a manufacturing method in an embodiment of the invention.

At the in 1 shown embodiment of the tooth replacement is designed as Verblendkrone. In other embodiments, the teaching of the invention is also used in other types of dentures, such as bridges or prostheses.

In the 1 Verblendkrone shown has a framework 10 and a delusion 12 on. The scaffolding 10 is in 1 on a mounting bracket 14 , For example, a plaster stump of a dental model, shown in an upper section 16 simulates the shape of a prepared tooth stump of a patient. This form also defines the shape of an inside 18 of the scaffolding 10 ,

As a material for the framework 10 All material groups used in the dental field for dentures come into question, such as metal, plastic and ceramic. Suitable materials include, for example, precious metals, base metal alloys (eg, CoCr alloys), titanium and titanium alloys, oxide ceramics, plastics (eg, PMMA, BisGMA, PEEK, composites, and so forth) and silicate ceramics (eg, feldspar ceramics, glass ceramics, lithium disilicate ceramics, and so on).

For the preparation of the scaffold 10 Various methods can be used which are known as such in the dental field. Particularly advantageous are computer-aided design and manufacturing processes, which are often referred to as CAD / CAM (Computer Aided Design = Computer Aided Design). CAM methods can generally be classified into subtractive methods (eg, computer-controlled milling or grinding) and additive methods. For example, laser sintering (laser melting), stereolithography, 3D printing, fused deposition modeling (FDM) or laminated object manufacturing (LOM) can be used as additive methods.

The delusion 12 extends on an outside 20 of the scaffolding 10 and in surface contact with this outside 20 , More specifically, the veneer extends from a buccal (or at a canine or canine labial) junction 22 over a buccal / labial side surface 24 of the scaffolding 10 , an occlusal area 26 of the scaffolding 10 and a palatal or lingual in the upper jaw side surface 28 of the scaffolding 10 up to a palatal / lingual junction 30 , The delusion 12 thus has a buccal (or labial in a cutting or canine) side surface 32 , an occlusal area 34 and a palatal or lingual in the upper jaw side surface 36 on. Furthermore, the veneer shows 12 In the embodiment described here on a mesial and a distal side surface, which are not shown in the figures.

In the completed dentures replaced the side surface 32 the delusion 12 a part of the buccal or labial tooth side surface, and the side surface 36 the delusion 12 replaces a part of the palatal or lingual tooth side surface. The occlusal area 34 the delusion 12 In the case of a molar, it replaces the occlusal surface or a part of it or, in the case of an incisor, the incisal edge or a part thereof or, in the case of a canine, the tooth tip or a part thereof. In particular, the veneer replaces 12 among other things, a part of the tooth enamel, which faces the antagonist (counter tooth in the opposing jaw) in the jaw in the finished tooth replacement.

The delusion 12 is made by deep drawing. Deep drawing operations are known as such in dental technology and are currently used, for example, for the production of crunchy splints or whitening splints. Suitable thermoformers are commercially available. Thus, for example, the devices sold under the brands Erkoform and Erkopress the company Erkodent Erich Kopp GmbH, Pfalzgrafenweiler, or the devices marketed under the brands Biostar and Ministar Scheu Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, are also used in connection with the present invention.

In the deep-drawing process, as will be described in more detail later, a thermoplastically deformable film 38 on the finished and specially designed for the thermoforming process scaffolding 10 reared. The foil 38 For this purpose, it is clamped in a film holder (not shown in the figures) and heated. The mounting bracket 14 with the framework on it 10 Then with predefined force in the stretched film 38 pushed. The foil holder fixes the foil 38 at least at several radial from the framework 10 spaced places, so that the film 38 to the outside 20 of the scaffolding 10 snuggles and wrinkling is largely avoided. In some embodiments, the film holder fixes the film 38 on all sides and with a predetermined radial distance from the framework 10 ; the film holder can be designed, for example, annular for this purpose.

A manual pressing of the film 38 to the outside 20 of the scaffolding 10 with a tool is not required in the embodiment described here. However, in preferred embodiments, the film becomes 38 not only by their foil tension on the outside 20 of the scaffolding 10 pressed, but also by the fact that in 1 Surface of the film shown above 38 with overpressure and / or in 1 bottom surface of the film shown below 38 subjected to negative pressure. The result is that the film follows 38 exactly the outside 20 of the scaffolding 10 ,

After cooling the film 38 Become protruding edges on the in 1 dashed lines shown dividing lines 40 removed the veneer 12 to build. This can be done, for example, with rotating instruments, such as silicone rubbers, or by means of cutting hand instruments, such as scalpels, or with modeling instruments.

In the present embodiment, the framework 10 at least one depression 42 near the connection limits 22 . 30 on. The at least one depression 42 For example, it can be circular around the framework 10 circumferential gutter or formed as a series of recessed sections. The thermoforming process and the optionally applied overpressure make the film 38 in the at least one depression 42 pressed into it and forms there at least one circumferential or interrupted retaining bead 44 , This can be an interrupted retaining bead 44 For example, be formed from linear or punctiform segments. The delusion 12 is characterized in the embodiment described herein form-fitting manner in the sense of a market retention on the framework 10 held. In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, however, neither the recess 42 still the retaining bead 44 intended; the delusion 12 can then, for example, by gluing or cementing or sintering on the framework 10 being held.

The outside 20 of the scaffolding 10 that the side surfaces 24 and 28 as well as the occlusal area 26 of the scaffolding 10 contains, shows a precisely defined morphology, which is approximately from a reduction of the desired morphology of the finished denture taking into account the thickness of the film 38 results. In some embodiments, this film thickness is considered constant, resulting in particularly simple computational operations. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, however, in the design of the framework 10 additionally takes into account the properties of the thermoforming process. In particular, it can be considered that the film 38 during the deep drawing process, the thinner the more the film 38 is stretched in one place.

For example, in 1 shown that the buccal / labial connection border 22 further cervical (toward the neck) is the palatal / lingual junction 30 , Because the side surfaces 24 and 28 in 1 run approximately vertically, and since in the deep drawing process also a relative movement in this direction between the framework 10 and the foil 38 Running, the slide is 38 in the 1 shown example along the buccal / labial side surface 24 of the scaffolding 10 more stretched than along the palatal / lingual side surface 28 , In other words, in the in 1 Example shown in the finished veneer 12 the palatal / lingual side surface 36 a thicker film thickness than the buccal / labial side surface 32 on.

The effect just described is compensated in some embodiments in that the framework 10 on the side surface where the film 38 thicker after the deep-drawing process - this is in the example of 1 the palatal / lingual side surface 28 - is diluted. For example, the framework 10 can be calculated from the desired morphology of the finished denture by using in the example of 1 on the palatal / lingual side surface 28 of the scaffolding 10 a greater reduction (reduction) is used than at the buccal / labial side surface 24 , In some embodiments, this reduction may be a linear scaling with a scaling factor, while in other embodiments, a reduction by a certain distance that corresponds to the expected film thickness after the deep-drawing process takes place.

In some embodiments, the calculation of the reduction measure is performed in sections, each section being part of the surface of the framework to be covered 10 (eg the buccal / labial side surface 24 ) or a corresponding portion of the panel 12 (eg the buccal / labial side surface 32 ) corresponds. The term "reduction measure" here refers to the distance expressed in an absolute length specification (eg millimeters), which is the outside 20 of the scaffolding 10 within the respective section from the outside of the finished denture. This distance can be determined, for example, at any point along a normal to the outside of the completed dentures, with correction operations or mean calculations being required at curved locations.

The particular section of the surface of the scaffolding to be covered 10 or the outside of the panel 12 or one inside the panel 12 constructed auxiliary surface is perpendicular to the plane of the clamped in the thermoforming slide 38 projected. The projection is based on the relative orientation of the section and the film plane as used in the deep-drawing process. The ratio of the film volume in the projected image of the section on the film 38 to the actual surface area of the section gives the reduction measure by which the framework 10 must be reduced within the section starting from the anatomical outer surface. As a result, for example, with a tooth side surface (eg, the buccal surface) with increasing height of this surface, the quotient of the film volume in the projected image of the tooth side surface becomes smaller and the reduction amount becomes smaller and smaller.

R

Reduktionsmaß

V_Fol-Proj

Folienvolumen innerhalb der projizierten Abbildung des Abschnitts (z.B. Zahnseitenfläche) auf die Folie vor dem Tiefziehvorgang

A_Abschnitt

Flächeninhalt des Abschnitts

A_Projektion

Flächeninhalt der projizierten Abbildung des Abschnitts (z.B. Zahnseitenfläche) auf die Folie vor dem Tiefziehvorgang

d_Folie

Dicke der Folie vor dem Tiefziehvorgang

In formula notation, these relationships of the embodiments just described can be expressed as follows: R = V _Fol-Proj / A _section and V _Fol-Proj = d _slide × A _projection In the above formulas denote:

R

of reduction

V _Fol-Proj

Film volume within the projected image of the section (eg tooth side surface) on the film before the deep drawing process

A _section

Area of the section

A _projection

Area of the projected image of the section (eg tooth side surface) on the film before the deep drawing process

d _slide

Thickness of the film before the deep-drawing process

Also in the calculation of the occlusal area 26 of the scaffolding 10 In some embodiments, the properties of the deep-drawing process can be taken into account. For example, it can be considered that in bends in "valleys" (as in the middle of the framework 10 from 1 shown) the deep-drawn film 38 thickened, leaving such valleys in the scaffolding 10 be deepened. Accordingly, it can also be considered that in the case of "mountains" in the occlusal area 26 of the scaffolding 10 the thickness of the thermoformed film 38 diminished, leaving such mountains in the scaffolding 10 increase. However, according to current knowledge of the inventors, these effects are relatively small, so that they can be neglected in simple embodiments of the invention. In this case, the occlusal area may be 26 of the scaffolding 10 be designed as a precise reduction of the desired morphology of the finished denture.

As material for the film 38 In particular, all thermoplastically deformable materials can be used. These are, for example, plastics, thermoplastically deformable ceramic or metal foils or composite materials. As plastics, for example, PE (polyethylene), PE-HD (high-density polyethylene), PE-UHMW (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PC (polycarbonate) and so on can be used. It is also known per se to mix ceramic materials with an organic binder, so that a thermoplastically deformable ceramic film is formed. Such a film can be used in embodiments of the invention, wherein the film is debindered after the deep-drawing process in a downstream furnace process. After debinding, the resulting pores are filled by infiltration through, for example, glass-ceramic, for example, in the case of glaze firing. Furthermore, in some embodiments, thermoplastically deformable metal foils are provided on the framework 10 deep draw. Finally, embodiments are possible in which a film 38 of a composite material which may, for example, comprise a vitreous filler with an organic binder.

It is a particular advantage of the present invention that, with little effort, a film adapted to the respective requirements 38 can be used. For example, it may be provided a film 38 to use, whose hue corresponds to the hue of the tooth surface to be replaced, and / or their degree of translucency corresponds to the degree of translucency of the tooth surface to be replaced. Particular color and / or translucency effects can be achieved by using a multilayer or multilayer film 38 be achieved without a higher workload for the production of the dentures would be required.

In further embodiments, multilayer or multilayer films 38 also be used for other purposes, for example, to achieve different mechanical properties on the inside and the outside.

At the in 1 As already mentioned, a macro-retention of the veneer is shown 12 on the scaffolding 10 by the engagement of the at least one retaining bead 44 in the at least one depression 42 intended. In some embodiments, instead of such macrorention or in addition, the film is provided 38 with the scaffolding 10 is glued. It is particularly easy to produce such a bond by a film 38 used on their scaffolding 10 facing side has a suitable adhesive layer. In modifications of this idea, instead of the adhesive layer, a "connecting layer" is provided, which is responsible for a stable chemical or mechanical connection (the latter, for example, by microretention) of the film 38 with the scaffolding 10 provides. If necessary, the framework before the deep-drawing process is suitably conditioned for the composite process, ie treated mechanically or chemically.

The techniques of a compound of the film described herein 38 with the scaffolding 10 Macroretention and / or bonding and / or chemical bonding and / or mechanical bonding enable the fabrication of the dental prosthesis with particularly low workload. In preferred embodiments, already during the deep-drawing process a stable connection of the film 38 with the scaffolding 10 so that no additional processing step (eg a separate gluing or cementing or sintering of the veneer 12 ) is more necessary.

2 shows the finished denture with one at the connection boundaries 22 . 30 trimmed and reworked veneer 12 , The scaffolding 10 is on a prepared tooth stump 46 that the shape of the upper section 16 of the mounting bracket 14 out 1 has, cemented. Further shows 2 schematically a tooth root 48 and a preparation margin 50 ,

In 3 an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is illustrated, wherein optional steps are represented by dashed boxes. Generally, the process has the major steps of preparing the framework 10 (Step 60 ) and making the veneer 12 (Step 62 ) on. If necessary, this is followed by an optional step 64 in which the veneer 12 on the scaffolding 10 is attached.

For the preparation of the scaffold 10 in step 60 In the embodiment described here, first a CAD construction of the framework 10 (Step 66 ) carried out. The constructed scaffolding 10 will then step in 68 manufactured by a CAM process. The term "CAM method" is understood to mean all computer-assisted production methods, including additive and subtractive methods. Optionally, the scaffold in step 70 reworked, eg polished.

The CAD construction of the scaffold in step 66 takes place in the present embodiment as fully anatomical modeling of the denture, so for example the crown or bridge or the prosthesis. For this purpose, various dental CAD programs are known as such. The CAD programs each have a tooth database from which the operator can select the most appropriate tooth shapes and then customize them using various digital editing tools. Particular attention is paid here to the design of the contact situation with the opposing jaw (occlusal contacts) and the neighboring teeth (approximal contacts).

In the next CAD construction step, in the exemplary embodiment described here, the anatomical outer contour of the dental prosthesis is reduced by a defined value. The degree of reduction depends on the one hand on the thickness of thermoforming film 38 on the other hand, from the thermoforming behavior of the film 38 , In this case, in particular, the stretching and concomitant dilution of the film 38 during the thermoforming process. This stretch is usually in different areas of the veneer 12 different strengths. For example, as already explained above, the thermoformed film 38 on a side to the cervical (cervical) side surface 32 the delusion 12 be thinner than at the less far reaching to the tooth neck side surface 36 , and the thermoformed foil 38 at the second mentioned side surface 36 may in turn be thinner than in the occlusal area 34 , These effects of deep drawing are taken into account by the CAD software in the individual calculation of the reduction measure.

In the presently described embodiment, the CAD software calculates the reduced skeleton data set 10 such that the occlusal area 26 this scaffolding 10 shows an exact morphology of the occlusal surface (but only in reduced size), since this is a sufficiently exact Representation of the occlusal surface on the deep-drawn veneer 12 is possible.

After the CAD design process of step 66 takes place in step 68 the CAM production. When using a CNC method milling paths are calculated for this purpose in a known per se, according to which the framework 10 Milled on a CNC machine. When using an additive (= generative) RP method, the CAD data set is split into individual layers (so-called slicing), and the framework is built up additively by an RP machine. When using pre-sintered zirconia blanks (white pieces), the framework must 10 still be densely sintered in a thermal follow-up process at about 1350 ° C-1650 ° C. In doing so, the framework 10 be colored individually by means of inorganic dyeing liquids before the thermal process.

In the following optional step 70 the post-processing becomes the framework 10 checked on the stump or the stumps of a master model and optionally optimized by removing impurities in his accuracy of fit. Subsequently, the scaffold 10 polished to a high gloss. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the framework becomes 10 already provided with a stain and / or glaze brand fire at this stage. In other embodiments, however, this step takes place only after deep drawing of the veneer 12 ,

The scaffolding 10 is hereby finished. The following making the veneer in the main step 62 includes deep drawing the veneer (step 72 ) as well as a post-processing of the veneer (step 74 ), in which optionally also the restoration can be finished by means of polish or glaze firing.

In step 72 the veneer is deep-drawn. The technology for deep-drawing thermoplastically deformable plastic film materials is known per se in the dental field. However, this does not relate to the inventive use of thermoforming technology for the production of veneers for dentures. This technology is particularly advantageous in combination with computer-aided scaffold substructures. Since the skeletal structure ultimately defines the anatomical exterior shape of the deep-drawing veneer, computer-assisted calculations are very helpful, as described above.

In many embodiments, the deep-drawing process takes place by application of overpressure or underpressure or overpressure and underpressure. The duration of the process and the degree of overpressure and / or underpressure depend on the respective foil material.

For finishing the veneer 12 in step 74 First, the deep-drawn veneer 12 in their length exactly on the framework 10 shortened defined length, since the thermoforming process, the film 38 over the complete scaffolding 10 and beyond that. This process can be done manually or automatically, for example by laser cutting technology.

After shortening, the transition from the delusion can 12 to the scaffolding 10 for example, be ground in matching shape with rubber polishers. Furthermore, the proximal and occlusal contacts are checked and ground in as needed. When using plastic films, a polishing process completes the manufacturing process of the veneer 12 from. If, on the other hand, a ceramic foil has been deep-drawn, it may still have to be debind in a furnace process. This occurs in the veneer 12 Cavities that are filled in a subsequent infiltration process, for example, with low-melting glasses or glaze mass. Furthermore, the veneer is finalized with an optional stain and glaze firing. In some embodiments, this fire can be combined with the infiltration fire, so that ultimately only two furnace process steps are necessary. Thus, the manufacturing process is completed even in the case of a ceramic film.

As described above, in preferred embodiments, the framework 10 and / or the veneer 12 designed so that already takes place by the deep drawing process, a reliable connection of these two components. Instead or in addition, however, the scaffolding can 10 and the delusion 12 in the optional further step 64 get connected. There are various possibilities for this, for example cementing the veneer 12 , an adhesive bonding of the veneer 12 , a fixture of the veneer 12 about macro-retention in the framework 10 , a sintering of the delusion 12 on the scaffolding 10 when using ceramic films (this process may optionally be combined with the infiltration firing and / or the stain and glaze firing), or gluing or sintering an already coated plastic, ceramic or metal foil. A combination of two or more types of attachment is possible and subject of the present invention.

Further embodiments of the invention relate to the production of a deep-drawn veneer, for example, for replacement or replacement of a veneer 12 a denture according to the invention is used. With such a veneer, for example, a worn or defective dental prosthesis can be repaired or the aesthetic appearance of a prosthesis that is still functional can be changed become. To replace the existing veneer 12 first becomes a model of the scaffold 10 made of existing dentures. This model is also referred to as a "duplicate model" because, in preferred embodiments, it is identical to the outside at least on its outside 20 of the existing scaffolding 10 is. For example, one of the above-described CAM methods can be used to produce the model, wherein preferably the same data set is used for the production of the existing framework 10 was used is used. As the material for the model, inexpensive, easily workable materials, eg, cellulose blocks, are preferred, but of course, materials suitable for the production of scaffolds may also be used. In some embodiments, already in the production of the original framework 10 a duplicate model made "in stock".

The new veneer is then deep-drawn on the model. For this purpose, the above description of the thermoforming process applies mutatis mutandis, but with the difference that the thermoforming not - as in the production of the original dentures - on the framework 10 but on the duplicate model. It is understood that in this case no thermoforming processes and materials are used, in which already by the deep drawing process, a firm connection between the model and the film would arise.

If necessary, the new veneer will be reworked after deep drawing. In the mouth of the patient becomes the previous blindness 12 removed, eg by slitting with a rotating instrument. The new veneer will then be on the existing scaffold 10 attached, wherein the techniques described above can be used.

The details contained in the above description of exemplary embodiments should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, but as an exemplary representation of some embodiments. Many variants are possible and immediately apparent to the person skilled in the art. In particular, this relates to modifications that have a combination of features of the individual embodiments. Therefore, the scope of the invention should not be determined by the illustrated embodiments, but by the appended claims and their equivalents.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

 framework

12

 facing

14

 mounting bracket

16

upper section (of the mounting bracket 14 )

18

Inside (of the framework 10 )

20

Outside (of the scaffolding 10 )

22

 buccal / labial connection border

24

buccal / labial lateral surface (of the framework 10 )

26

Occlusal area (of the framework 10 )

28

palatal / lingual lateral surface (of the scaffold 10 )

30

 palatal / lingual junction

32

buccal / labial side surface (the veneer 12 )

34

occlusal area (the veneer 12 )

36

palatal / lingual side surface (the veneer 12 )

38

 foil

40

 parting line

42

 deepening

44

 retaining bead

46

 tooth stump

48

 tooth root

50

 preparation border

60-74

Procedural steps in 3

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• US 6106295 [0010]

Claims (19)

Process for the preparation of a dental prosthesis, wherein: - a framework ( 10 ), and - a delusion ( 12 ) for the scaffold ( 10 ) is produced by a process which involves deep drawing a film ( 38 ) on the scaffold ( 10 ). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the provision of the framework ( 10 ) comprises an application of a computer aided design and / or manufacturing process. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that in the design of an outer side ( 20 ) of the scaffold ( 10 ) the outer shape desired for the finished denture around the thickness of the film to be expected after the deep-drawing operation ( 38 ) is reduced. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the thickness of the film to be expected after the deep-drawing process ( 38 ) at least in places as a function of the stretching of the film to be expected during the deep-drawing operation ( 38 ) is determined. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that in the design of an outer side ( 20 ) of the scaffold ( 10 ) takes into account that the film ( 38 ) after the deep-drawing process at locations where the film ( 38 ) is stretched more during the deep drawing process, is thinner than at places where the film ( 38 ) is stretched less during deep drawing. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the film ( 38 ) is clamped for the deep drawing process in a film holder, the film ( 38 ) at least at a plurality of radially from the framework ( 10 ) spaced locations fixed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the film ( 38 ) has an adhesive layer and / or a bonding layer, which after the deep-drawing process, a durable connection between the framework ( 10 ) and the delusion ( 12 ) causes / effect. Method for producing a veneer ( 12 ), which is intended as part of a dental prosthesis on at least one scaffold ( 10 ) of the denture, wherein: - a model of the framework ( 10 ), and - the veneer ( 12 ) is produced by a process which involves deep drawing a film ( 38 ) on the model of the scaffold ( 10 ). Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the film ( 38 ) is clamped for the deep drawing process in a film holder, the film ( 38 ) at least at a plurality of radially from the model of the framework ( 10 ) spaced locations fixed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the thermoforming of the film ( 38 ) comprises an application of positive and / or negative pressure. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the veneer ( 12 ) a buccal or labial side surface ( 32 ), an occlusal area ( 34 ) and a palatal or lingual side surface ( 36 ) having. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the film ( 38 ) is a thermoplastic plastic or metal or ceramic or composite foil. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the film ( 38 ) is designed multi-layered and / or multi-layered. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the framework ( 10 ) at least one depression ( 42 ), in which after the deep drawing process at least one formed by the deep drawing process retaining bead ( 44 ) of delusion ( 12 ) intervenes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the thermoformed film ( 38 ) after the deep-drawing process, the veneering ( 12 ) or at least part of the delusion ( 12 ). Dentures with a framework ( 10 ) and one on the scaffold ( 10 ) arranged facing ( 12 ), characterized in that the veneer ( 12 ) is deep-drawn. Dental prosthesis according to claim 16, characterized in that the dental prosthesis according to a method for producing a dental prosthesis according to one of claims 1 to 7 or 9 to 15 is prepared. Delusion ( 12 ) for a dental prosthesis intended to be used as part of a dental prosthesis on at least one scaffold ( 10 ) of the dental prosthesis, characterized in that the veneer ( 12 ) is deep-drawn. Delusion ( 12 ) according to claim 18, characterized in that the veneer ( 12 ) according to a method for producing a veneer ( 12 ) is produced according to one of claims 8 to 15.

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