DE102012111378B4 - An article having a surface structure with a coating or containing such a coating, tooling for making and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

An article (10) having a surface structure (14) with a coating (12) or for receiving such, wherein the surface structure (14) comprises: webs (16) and grooves (18a, b) alternately arranged in a row, wherein the webs Row one direction (R) is fixed, wherein the grooves (18) each have a row in the direction (R) straight groove bottom (38), whereby two webs (16) from each other with respect to the row direction (R) through the groove bottom (38 and at least one ridge (16) comprises: a top surface (20) inclined at an angle of attack (α) open in the row direction (R) with respect to the row direction (R) such that the ridge (16) has a has asymmetrical cross-section, - in each case one in the row direction (R) facing first surface (24) and a counter to the row direction (R) facing second surface (32), - a rib (26) forming a recess (28) on the first surface (24) in the adjacent groove (18 a), the indentation (28) forming an undercut (30) transversely to the row direction (R), a first connection region (36a) projecting from the first surface (24) onto the groove bottom (38) of the groove (18a), which is arranged on the web (16) in the row direction (R), has a rounding or a corner, and wherein a second connection region (36b) from the second surface (32) on the groove bottom of the groove (18b) which at the web ( 16) is arranged opposite to the row direction (R), has a rounding or a corner.

Description

The invention relates to an article having an improved surface structure with a coating or for receiving it, a tool for producing a surface structure on a surface of an object for receiving a coating and also a method for producing a surface structure of an article for receiving a coating.

If an article is provided with a coating, which coating may for example consist of a different material than the base material of the article, then properties of the base material and of the coating material can be combined in an advantageous manner. For example, cylinder running surfaces are produced, which consist of a steel coating of a cylinder bore in a base body made of aluminum. The cylinder surfaces produced in this way are resistant to wear, but at the same time the basic body made of aluminum is light and has a good thermal conductivity.

The coating can be produced by spraying the coating material onto the base body. For example, the arc wire spraying can be used as a thermal spraying method for coating cylinder bores. In motor construction, high demands are placed on the strength and long-term stability of the adhesive bonds. To achieve high adhesion, the surface to be coated is roughened, for example by blasting with a high-pressure water jet with or without fine particles. An even more resistant base is provided by preconditioned surfaces with ridges and grooves, in which the protruding ridges form undercuts in which the coating interlocks particularly well.

A tool for producing such a surface structure for applying coatings, for example, in the DE 10 2009 028 040 A1 disclosed. By a cutting structuring tool first webs and grooves are formed by a V-shaped Umformkufe partially also pressed in the middle and finally leveled by pressing, whereby a part of the protruding web material is pushed into one or both adjacent grooves of a web and formed in this way undercuts , However, the surface structures shown have partial shadowing of the grooves by the material forming the undercuts, which can lead to incomplete filling of the grooves in the spray process.

In the preconditioning process of DE 10 2008 024 313 A1 First, a prismatic or wave-like preform is produced by machining. In a further method step, the triangular or round webs can be split or just pressed to form two undercuts. The serrated or sinusoidal preform may also be deformed by lateral deformation into a sawtooth or wave structure in which each ridge has a one-sided undercut. In this way, an asymmetric surface structure, the one-sided undercuts against tensile forces from certain angles relative to the surface is limited effect.

The EP 1 832 381 A1 FIG. 10 illustrates a surface preparation process in which a prismatic structure is introduced into the inner surface of a cylinder bore, with the tips of the triangular cross-sectional ridges machined to form a plurality of smaller peaks. In this way there are no undercuts.

The DE 20 2009 014 180 U1 shows a metallic, textured surface with centrally indented lands and protrusions in both lands adjacent a land, thereby forming undercuts.

The EP 1 854 903 A1 relates to a method for producing a coating on a surface, in which the surface is first mechanically roughened by introducing grooves and the surface is then cleaned with a laser beam and further roughened, which can lead to an irregular surface structure.

The US 2005/0064146 A1 relates to a surface with grooves introduced to survive over the respective overhangs adjacent web and thus to shadow the grooves against the deposition of coating material in the overhangs should lead.

The DE 10 2008 019 933 A1 shows a brush with impact wires with a previously roughened surface can be edited. The brush should serve to break or bend sharp-edged ridges of the roughened surface.

The EP 2 336 380 A2 shows a roller burnishing tool with the previously incorporated into the surface webs can be pressed centrally to displace web material in mutually adjacent grooves.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved concept for providing a surface structure with a coating or for receiving such.

According to the invention the object is achieved with an article according to claim 1, a tool according to claim 9 and a method according to claim 13.

The article of the invention, which is preferably a metal article, has a surface structure with a coating or is adapted to receive such. Preferably, the coating is a metal coating. The surface structure has alternately arranged webs and grooves, which form the coarse structure of the surface. The alternating juxtaposed ridges and grooves form a row, is defined by a row direction. The grooves are preferably completely filled when the coating is present or are set up in the absence of a coating for receiving coating material. At least one ridge has a top surface which is in an open angle of attack in a row direction α is inclined relative to the row direction. The top surfaces of a plurality of existing webs are preferably all inclined in the same direction. It is expedient, but not necessary, for the amounts of the angles of incidence of the top surfaces of the webs to be identical to one another. In cross-section, the top surface is preferably straight. But it can also curved, preferably at most slightly curved, partially curved and straight, or, for example, be kinked in the middle. A cover surface portion may extend along the row direction, ie in particular parallel to the row direction. For example, a top surface portion disposed in a region of the top surface at (or adjacent to) the first surface viewed transversely to the row direction may extend along the row direction. Overall, the top surface of at least one web is set obliquely with respect to the row direction and falls overall backwards against the row direction. Due to the sloping top surface, a bar is given an asymmetrical cross-section.

The web further has a first surface facing in the direction of the row and a second surface pointing counter to the row direction. Stem material protrudes in the form of a rib over the first surface in the groove adjacent in the row direction. By the indentation through the protruding into the adjacent groove rib an undercut is created. This undercut acts in particular transversely to the row direction and also counter to the row direction. By preferably a plurality of webs which are asymmetrical in cross section, a good backfillability is achieved with a simultaneous high adhesive strength. The adhesive strength is also promoted by the undercut formed by the rib. The second surface creates a barrier that acts like a second undercut and supports the adhesion of a coating. The second surface acts in particular against tensile forces from directions blocking, against which the undercut on the first surface is not or only partially effective. Due to the obliquely set webs, a uniform elasticity (measured perpendicularly to the coating) of the coated surface is also created along the row direction.

The first surface facing in the row direction and the second surface of the at least one web pointing counter to the row direction are preferably straight and are preferably transverse to the row direction. In an embodiment on a cylinder jacket surface, wherein the cylinder axis and the row direction with offset from each other are parallel or antiparallel, the first and second surfaces are preferably radially, transversely to the row direction. However, a first or second surface can also be slightly curved or, for example, have a fine structure, for example a wave-like fine structure, or be roughened. The first surface preferably has a round indentation transition to the rib, which is convex in relation to the row direction. However, an existing convex indentation transition may also have a kink. By the second surface a barrier is provided, which counteracts in particular such tensile forces, which have a component in the row direction and are not blocked by the undercut through the recess in the first surface. In particular, an undercut against such tensile forces is created by the second surface, which have a directional component parallel to the top surface.

Preferably, the grooves each have a bottom and the floors lie on an imaginary, parallel to the row longitudinal direction line. A top surface and the line may have a first top surface pitch h1 which is measured at the first surface, that is, at a position along the row direction at which the first surface is measured. Measured on the second surface, ie measured along the row direction at the level of the second surface of the web, the top surface and the line may be spaced at a second top surface spacing, wherein the first top surface spacing is preferably greater than the second top surface spacing. The cover surface may have a third cover surface distance from the line, wherein the third cover surface distance in the region of the recess at a distance from the first surface, that measured along the row direction in the amount of the recess at a distance from the first surface, wherein the third cover surface distance greater than that may be first cover surface distance and / or the second cover surface distance.

The grooves each have a straight in the row direction bottom. Two webs are spaced from each other with respect to the row direction by the ground with a web spacing. The first and second surfaces of a ridge may have an area spacing. The surface spacing is expediently measured parallel to the row direction at the level of the groove bottoms from the first surface to the second surface. Preferably, the surface spacing is less than or equal to the web spacing. Preferably, the ratio of the land distance to the surface spacing is smaller than 2 , The ridge of a ridge has a portion projecting farthest in the row-adjacent groove with an edge surface. From this edge surface can be measured in the row direction and parallel to this a clearing distance to a web adjacent in the row direction, which is preferably greater than or equal to the web distance. Preferably, the first cover surface distance is approximately equal to the web distance.

Preferably, the surface distance is greater than 0.1 mm and less than 0.3 mm. Preferably, the web distance is greater than 0.1 mm and less than 0.3 mm. Preferably, the first cover surface distance is greater than 0.1 mm and less than 0.3 mm.

The top surface and the second surface advantageously close an obtuse angle β on. The obtuse angle is less than 180 °. A range of 100 ° <β <150 ° is preferred. Particularly preferred is a range of 110 ° <β <130 °. By including an obtuse angle β through the top surface and the second surface, a bend or bend may be formed at the transition between the second surface and the top surface, wherein a kink has a radius of curvature near zero, while a bend has a radius of curvature greater than zero. The transition can be, for example, sharp-edged or round. At the transition, a bead may be pronounced, that is to say over the material projecting in the opposite direction to the row direction.

Advantageously, the second surface is transverse to the row direction R ie that a normal vector describing the orientation of the surface is antiparallel to the row direction. The second face of a bridge and the row direction R close a second orientation angle γ on. The undercut formed by the rib and the indentation of the web, which is adjacent to the row direction, acts against those forces whose direction vector increases a clearance angle δ with respect to the row direction. The orientation angle γ is preferably greater than the clearance angle δ , Preferably, the angle of attack α greater than or equal to the clearance angle δ , Preferably, the angle of attack α is 10 ° to 40 °. Most preferably, the angle of attack is 15 ° to 30 °.

Preferably, the top surface of the web is roughened. This means that a fine structure is formed on the top surface. Fine structure elements or fine structure periods of the fine structure along a roughened top surface are smaller than the width of the top surface. The fine structure can be regular, irregular or random. Existing regular or irregular fine structure elements or fine structure periods can extend along the web along the surface, for example as grooves and grooves.

Preferably, at least one web has a round transition from the first and / or the second surface of the web to a bottom of an adjacent groove.

The article may have a cylinder jacket surface on which the surface structure is formed. The webs and grooves can be introduced on the cylinder surface. The webs and the grooves can each be closed circumferentially around the cylinder jacket surface. In this way, a plurality of web rings, which are each axially spaced from a grooved ring, be arranged along the cylinder jacket surface. The webs and grooves can also follow a helix along the cylinder surface. In the cross section of the cylinder jacket surface, i. in a section through the article along a cutting plane containing the axis of the cylindrical surface, in this way a plurality of arranged in a row grooves and webs are present. In fact, however, the webs can be considered as a web which rotates in a helical line along the cylinder jacket surface.

The tool according to the invention for producing the surface structure described has a cutting section with a cutting tooth and a forming section with a forming blade, wherein the cutting section and the forming section are arranged in a row, by which a row direction is determined.

With the cutting section, the grooves are incorporated into the object. The cutting tooth has in cross-section (cut transversely to the working direction) on a first side edge, a second side edge and a front edge. The first side edge and the second side edge are preferably arranged transversely to the row direction. At least a portion of the end edge extends along the row direction. Preferably, the front edge is parallel to the row direction. The first side edge, the second side edge and the front edge are preferably straight, but may for example also be wavy or contain curves. The transition from the first side edge to the front edge and from the second side edge to the front edge may be rounded, angular or oblique. The cutting tooth has a cutting tooth width corresponding to the groove width. The cutting tooth may be formed by a plurality of teeth, which together have an effective cutting width corresponding to the groove width. A cutting edge of the cutting tooth may also be skewed with respect to the row direction. The cutting tooth has a maximum depth of cut transverse to the row direction. Through this, the groove depth or web height can be determined. Two of the grooves provided with the cutting tooth are spaced from each other by a web. The land width corresponds to a clearance defined for the tool. The gap spacing is determined, for example, by moving the tool by a feed along the row direction after forming a groove. The gap spacing in this case corresponds to the difference between feed and cutting tooth width. Preferably, a plurality of cutting teeth are provided on the tool, wherein each two cutting teeth are spaced apart by the gap spacing. The sum of the gap spacing and the cutting tooth width defines a pitch of the tool.

The forming section has one or more forming skids. A Umformkufe has a forming surface, which extends in cross section at least from a first Umformflächenansatz to a second Formierungsflächenansatz. The forming surface may in particular also extend over the first and / or the second Umformflächenansatz. The first forming land approach is located in a land area on the tool, the center of which is spaced along the row direction from the cutting tooth center by an integer multiple of the pitch. The first Umformflächenansatz may be arranged in particular on an edge of the neck region. The neck region has a neck region width along the row direction that corresponds to the cutting tooth width. The second Umformflächenansatz is arranged along the row direction outside of the neck region. The forming surface is inclined at least from the first Umformflächenansatz to the second Formierungsflächenansatz. The forming surface can be, for example, from the first Umformflächenansatz to the second Umformflächenansatz in cross section a straight inclined edge. The forming surface can also have curves. Preferably, the forming surface along the row direction from the first Umformflächenansatz to the second Formierungsflächenansatz has a width which corresponds at least to the gap spacing. The first Umformflächenansatz has transversely to the row direction on a greater engagement depth than the second Umformflächenansatz. In this way, an angle of attack (inclination angle) of the forming surface is fixed in or against the row direction.

There may be other necking areas with land areas spaced from a center of cutting teeth by integer multiples. In these first Umformflächenansatze other forming surfaces can be arranged. There may be other forming elements with forming surfaces, which are arranged for example outside the neck region and are inclined, for example, in the same direction as the forming surface of Umformkufe.

The forming surface has a maximum engagement depth transverse to the row direction. This can be determined for example by the engagement depth of the second Umformflächenansatzes. The maximum engagement depth of the forming surface is preferably smaller than the maximum depth of cut of the cutting tooth.

The skew angles of the forming surfaces of Umformkufen are preferably different. Preferably, the skew angle of the forming surface of the forming blade closest to the cutting section is greater than the skew angle of further forming skids with inclined forming surfaces. This gives good control over the flow of material in the plastic forming process.

The tool can additionally have a forming blade with a forming surface extending along the row direction of the tool, in particular the forming surface of a forming blade can run completely or partially parallel to the row direction. This creates a kind of Kalibrierkufe that ensures the best reproducibility for a uniform web height. The engagement depth of a Umformkufe with a forming direction along the direction of the forming surface may be advantageously lower than the engagement depths of Umformkufen with inclined forming surfaces.

A slope surface may be arranged on the deformation section, wherein the slope surface in the working direction is preferably arranged in front of the deformation section. The inclined surface points in the working direction, but is preferably inclined relative to the working direction at a negative rake angle (without, however, lifting any chip). In addition, the inclined surface may preferably be inclined relative to the direction opposite to which the forming surfaces are inclined. In this way, the inclined surface supports the forming process provided by the forming surfaces. In other words, the slope surface is adapted to prepare the skew process.

Regardless of the other embodiment, the tool may have at least one Umformkufe with a Feinstrukturierungsoberfläche. The Umformkufe with the Feinstrukturierungsoberfläche is adapted to introduce in at least a portion of the surface of the webs grooves, grooves or other fine structure elements. The fine structuring surface of the Umformkufe may be adapted to act reshaping and / or cutting.

The tool may have a base body on which a first portion and a second portion are arranged, wherein the cutting section is arranged on the first portion and the forming portion is arranged on the second portion. The first portion and / or the second portion are preferably removable separately from the main body of the tool.

The inventive method for producing the described article having a surface structure for receiving a coating includes introducing grooves arranged in a row in a row direction into a surface to form lands between the grooves spaced apart from each other by the grooves. The introduction of the grooves can be done, for example, cutting and / or under material displacement. The web initially has a cover surface extending along the row direction and oriented along the row direction. Preferably, the top surface is initially parallel to the row direction. Further, the method includes forming upper web portions of the webs with material displacement in an adjacent groove to form an undercut. The top surfaces are deformed and set in an open either in or against the row direction angle of attack with respect to the row direction obliquely, wherein web material is moved in the direction of the opening of the angle of attack.

In a temporal sequence, first the grooves can be made and subsequently the webs formed between the grooves can be reshaped. Alternatively, the forming formed webs can be done before or during the manufacture of further grooves.

The cutting insert serves to remove surface or article material to form one or more groove tracks, which are preferably arranged parallel or at least locally substantially parallel to each other. The machining may involve known machining methods such as turning or milling. The introduction can be carried out regardless of the method of introduction in several steps by first a groove of shallow depth and / or width is introduced into the article and the groove is deepened and / or widened in a next step.

Between the Nutbahnen remain webs which are spaced from each other by the grooves and extending along the grooves. After the preferably machining insertion, each web first has a cover surface parallel to the row direction, wherein the cover surface parts may correspond to the still untreated surface of the article prior to application of the method.

A web can be subdivided into an upper section and a lower section in cross section in a plane oriented longitudinally, preferably parallel, to the direction of the series. The position information "upper" and "lower" refer to a groove bottom of an adjacent groove of the web. Seen from a groove bottom in a direction transverse to the row direction, closes to the rest of the object first, the lower web portion and then the upper web portion. The upper web portion is therefore closer to the imaginary, untreated surface of the article. The grooves can be connected along the row direction with a line. The line runs, for example, through the points or bottom sections of the grooves which are located deepest in the surface direction in relation to the cover surfaces of the webs oriented firstly in the row direction. The upper web portion has a smallest distance from the line and a greatest distance from the line before forming. When reshaping the upper web portion of the web, preferably the lower web portion preferably remains unformed to at least the smallest distance of the upper web portion from the line. The deforming chamfering is preferably applied only to the upper land portion. The smallest distance of the upper web portion to the groove line is preferably at least one third of the largest distance of the upper web portion to the groove line.

When forming an upper web portion of a web material is pressed or moved in an adjacent groove. The top surfaces of the webs are either all in the row direction or all against the row direction in angles of attack with respect to the row direction inclined, wherein the material is moved in the opening direction of the angle. The chamfering forming can be applied in one step or several forming steps can be carried out, wherein for example in one or more forming steps only a part of the material of the upper web section is acted upon. For example, the final angle of attack of the top surface of the web can also be achieved in several forming steps. As a result, a tapered top surface of the ridge is obtained.

In a preferred method for producing a surface structure in a surface with a cylindrical shell shape, the grooves are introduced into the surface as a slot helix. This can be done by material removal or by material displacement. Preferably, the groove is opened by means of at least one cutting tooth. Preferably, the helical pitch is constant. When inserting the groove helix a web helix is formed. In this embodiment of the method, preferably a single groove track is formed, which runs helically along or in the surface. The web spiral is formed with a skid, which chamfers the web spiral while displacing web material. The web spiral is bevelled in an open in either or against the direction of attack against the cylinder surface axis. The web spiral can also be bevelled with several Umformkufen or surfaces engaging with portions of the web spiral with time. In this way, a unidirectionally beveled web spiral is obtained along the cylinder jacket.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the bevelled top surface of the web spiral is roughened, i. provided with a random or regular fine structure. For example, grooves and grooves can be formed along the bevelled top surface of the web spiral by means of machining and / or reshaping. Corresponding sections for roughening to increase the adhesion may be formed on the aforementioned tool.

• 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstands mit einer Oberflächenstruktur,
• 2 Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstand mit einer Oberflächenstruktur,
• 3 Ausführungsformen eines Stegs eines erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstands mit einer Oberflächenstruktur,
• 4 ein erfindungsgemäßer Gegenstand mit einer Zylindermantelfläche mit einer Oberflächenstruktur,
• 5 eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenstruktur,
• 6 eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenstruktur,
• 7 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenstruktur,
• 8 eine Ansicht eines Teils der Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs nach 7,
• 9 das Teil gemäß 8 der Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs nach 7 unter einem anderen Blickwinkel,
• 10 ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenstruktur eines Gegenstands.

In the figures of the drawing embodiments of the invention are illustrated. The drawing complements the description. Show it:

• 1 An embodiment of an article according to the invention with a surface structure,
• 2 Cross section through an article according to the invention with a surface structure,
• 3 Embodiments of a web of an article according to the invention having a surface structure,
• 4 an article according to the invention having a cylinder jacket surface with a surface structure,
• 5 an embodiment of the tool according to the invention for producing a surface structure,
• 6 a further embodiment of the tool according to the invention for producing a surface structure,
• 7 a perspective view of an embodiment of the tool according to the invention for producing a surface structure,
• 8th a view of a part of the embodiment of the inventive tool according to 7 .
• 9 the part according to 8th the embodiment of the tool according to the invention according to 7 from a different angle,
• 10 an inventive method for producing a surface structure of an article.

In 1 is an article of the invention 10 with a surface structure 14 shown for receiving a coating. The object 10 has webs arranged in a row 16 and grooves 18 on. Through the row is a row direction R established.

2 shows an article according to the invention 10 in cross section. The object 10 is with a coating 12 coated. The object 10 and the coating 12 can be made of different materials. For example, the item 10 even made of aluminum and with a coating 12 be coated from steel. The article has a surface structure 14 on, in a series of alternately arranged webs 16 and grooves 18 having.

A bridge has a top surface 20 on top of that, the coating surface 22 is facing. The top surface 20 is in the row direction R obliquely employed and at least partially includes an open in the row direction angle of attack α on. The bridge has a first surface 24 on, which points in the row direction. At the footbridge 16 is also a rib 26 arranged in the row direction R adjacent groove 18a over the first surface. 24 also stands out, leaving a dent 28 is trained. Through the rib 26 and the indentation 28 becomes an undercut transverse to the row direction 30 educated. The bridge also has a second surface 32 up in the row direction R oriented opposite direction.

The top surface 20 is over a section that extends from the second surface 32 extends to the first surface of a ridge, obliquely employed. In a second section, extending in the row direction over the first surface 24 extends, takes the slope of the inclination of the top surface 20 from. The top surface 20 can also over the full web width, ie in the row direction R from the second surface 32 over the first surface 24 over the rib 26 be employed obliquely. The top surface 20 is preferably straight in its cross-section, that is, it is preferably an inclined flat top surface 20 However, the top surface may be 20 concave or convex arched, or, for example, in one place, for example in the middle, to be kinked. Overall, however, the top surface falls 20 against the row direction R diagonally off. The rib 26 is round or rounded, but can also be angular, for example, in the row direction R oriented flat front, his or in the row direction R tapering. The rib 26 goes in a dome area 34 on the first surface 24 over, with the indentation area 34 round and in row direction R is convex. The indentation area 34 However, it can also be oblique or concave. Alternatively to the oblique, in cross-section embodiment or the concave round embodiment, the transition 34 for example, be designed to be convex in cross-section. Other contours in cross section are possible. Through the rib 26 becomes an undercut 30 formed, the blocking acts in particular against such forces whose force vector with respect to the row direction R is set at an angle greater than the clearance angle δ is.

The first area 24 is preferably straight in cross section and is transverse to the row direction R , The first area 24 has a normal vector F1 on, parallel to the row direction R stands. The through the indentation 28 trained undercut 30 acts transversely to the direction of the normal vector F1 , The first area 24 can also round, for example, convex rounded in the row direction, or be wavy. The through the indentation 28 trained undercut 30 acts transversely to the orientation of the first surface 24 , The first area 24 is in the row direction R oriented, but can with respect to the strictly vertical position to the row direction R also be tilted. In both cases, the first surface points 24 in the row direction. A connection area 36a from the first surface 24 on the groove bottom 38 the groove 18a at the footbridge 16 in the row direction R is arranged, has a rounding. Also the connection area 36b from the second surface 32 on the groove bottom of the groove 18b at the footbridge 16 against the row direction R is arranged, has a rounding. The connection area 36a, b may also have, for example, a corner or even be yourself.

The groove bottoms 38 are preferably formed straight and parallel to the row direction R , You can also face the row direction R be employed obliquely. Regardless of the groove bottoms are on a parallel to the row direction R running imaginary line L , The groove bottoms 38 can also be round, for example, transverse to the row direction in the direction of the rib 26 be convex rounded. Through the groove bottoms 38 is a distance between the bridges a2 created.

The bridge has a kinked transition 40 from the top surface 20 on the second surface 32 on. This transition 40 may also be rounded or have a chamfer. The top surface 20 and the second surface 32 close an obtuse angle β on.

The cross section of the second surface 32 is grade and the second area 32 Total is transverse to the row direction R and against the row direction R oriented. The second area 32 may be in or against the row direction, ie curved concave or convex, have waveform in cross-section or deviate in another way from the grave in cross-section or planar in shape. The normal vector F2 , which is perpendicular to the second surface, runs anti-parallel to the row direction R , Alternatively, the second surface 32 against the row direction R oriented and inclined towards this. The second area 32 is in an orientation angle γ to the row direction R , The orientation angle γ is preferably less than or equal to 90 °.

The floors 38 the grooves 18a . b lie on the line L and the top surface 20 points to the web, measured on the first surface 24 , a first distance h1 to the line L on. The top surface 20 of the footbridge 16 still has a second distance h2 to the line, measured on the second surface 32 , on, being the first distance h1 is greater than the second distance h2 , The top surface 20 indicates the rib 26 , in the area of the indentation 28 at a distance from the first surface 24 measured a distance h3 to the line L on. This distance h3 is greater than the first distance in the present embodiment h1 and the second distance h2 ,

The first area 24 a footbridge is at a distance a1 to the second surface 32 the bridge arranged. The second surface of the ridge is spaced from the first surface of the ridge adjacent the row direction by a distance a2 spaced. Preferably, the distances h1 and a2 about the same. The free space a3 that is from a border area 27 the rib 26 parallel to the row direction R up to the row direction R adjacent jetty 16 is measured, is preferably greater than or equal to the web distance a2 ,

In the 3 are different embodiments of the web 16 illustrated. The versions can also be combined with each other. In the 3a is at the transition 40 from the top surface 20 to the second area 32 a protruding bead 42 educated. This stands over the second surface 32 in the opposite direction of the row R adjacent groove 18b out.

The top surface 20 of the footbridge in the 3b has a fine structure in the form of a wave structure. Alternatively, as in 3c shown, roughen the top surface. The fine structure in the 3b is different from the roughening of 3c in that the structural elements in the fine structure are larger. The roughening also includes randomly arranged structural elements. Both embodiments of the top surface each increase the adhesion of the coating to the top surface and can be combined.

The 4 shows an object 10 with a surface structure 14 on an inner cylindrical surface ZM of the object 10 , The bridges 16 and grooves 18 Follow a helix SL, leaving a single bridge 16 and a single groove 18 along a helix along the cylinder jacket inner surface. Alternatively, several bars 16 and grooves 18 as web rings and groove rings parallel along the cylinder axis ZA be arranged on the cylinder jacket inner surface.

In order to produce a surface structure according to the invention of an object for receiving a coating, those in the 5 and 6 shown in cross-section tools 50 be used. The tool 50 has a cutting section 52 and a transformation section 53 on, which are arranged in a row, one row direction RW sets. At the cutting section are cutting teeth 54a . b . c arranged and the transformation section 53 has forming skids 58a and 58b on. The cutting teeth 54 have a uniform cutting tooth width s on. The cutting teeth 54 have different lengths across the row direction, resulting in different depths of cut 60a . b . c to be obtained. The example of the cutting tooth 54a becomes the front edge 56a Figure 1 illustrates a leading edge portion 57a having along the row direction ( RW ) runs. The cutting teeth 54 show, in the drawing only for the cutting tooth 54c denotes first and second side edges 55c on. The cutting teeth 54 are by a gap distance z spaced apart. The sum of the cutting tooth width s and the gap width z lay a division T firmly. The cutting tooth 54a has a middle MS on. The cutting tooth width is preferably wider than the gap width.

On the tool is located along the row direction, a neck region 62 , The middle MB this approach 62 is from the middle MS of the cutting tooth 54a about n times the division T spaced. The approach area 62 has a width b on, the width s of the cutting tooth 54a equivalent. In the approach area 62 is a first Umformflächenansatz 64a the forming surface 66a arranged. The forming surface 66a also has a second Umformflächenansatz 68a outside the approach area 62 on. The first forming surface approach 64a and the second forming surface approach 68a have a distance greater than the gap distance z , The forming surface 66a extends along the row direction RW over the first forming surface approach 64a and the second forming surface approach 68a In addition, therefore, is wider than the distance between the first Umformflächenansatz 64a and the second forming surface approach 68a , The first forming surface approach 64a has a first engagement depth 70a and the second forming surface approach 68a has a second engagement depth 72a transverse to the row direction, with the first engagement depth 70a greater than the second engagement depth 72a , The forming surface 66a is in particular from the first Umformflächenansatz 64a to the second Umformflächenansatz 68a with respect to the row direction RW tilted and level. Due to the inclination is a skew angle Θ established. Through the forming surface 66a is a maximum engagement depth 74a which is smaller than the maximum depth of cut 60c of the cutting section 52 , The second forming skid has a fine structuring surface 76b on.

This in 6 illustrated tool 50 has a transformation section 53 with three forming skids 58 ac up. Regardless of the other embodiment, at least one Umformkufe 58 ac, for example, in the row direction last Umformkufe 58c be at least partially set up for machining. The forming surfaces 66 ac of the forming skids 58 ac are in three different skew angles Θ1 . Θ2 and Θ3 opposite the row direction RW of the tool 50 sloping. The skew angle Θ1 is greater than the skew angle Θ2 , The forming surface 66c the Umformkufe 58c runs along the row direction RW , The skew angle Θ3 the forming surface 66c has an angle of zero degrees. By a dashed line are also grooves 18 and footbridges 16 represented by the tool 50 were introduced into an object. The top surfaces 20 the webs are at least partially engaged with the forming surfaces. Through the forming surface 66c the Umformkufe 58c become the top surfaces 20 the webs in a direction transverse to the row direction RW above the first surface 24 of the bridges 16 lying deck surface sections 21 the top surfaces 20 formed running along the row direction.

7 shows a perspective view of a tool 50 with a basic body 82 , a first section 78 and a second section 80 , The first section has a cutting section 52 of the tool and the second section a forming section 53 of the tool. The first part 78 and the second part 80 may be adapted to be removable from the body, with each portion 78 . 80 separate from the main body 82 can be removable. On the forming section 53 is a tilted surface 84 arranged. The slope surface 84 is in working direction AR of the tool 50 before the forming section 53 arranged and points in this.

The slope surface 84 is obliquely set against the direction (first inclination direction), opposite to the forming surfaces 66 the forming skids 58 are employed obliquely, this direction in the embodiment according to 7 with the row direction of the tool RW coincides. The slope surface 84 is independent of the oblique employment with respect to the first direction of inclination and with respect to the working direction AR of the tool 50 tilted. The inclinations of the slope surface 84 in the first direction of inclination and with respect to the working direction are independent of each other, ie they relate in particular to different planes of inclination. It is beneficial when attached to the slope surface 84 an example by a desk surface limited space 86 connects, for example, a pinching of chips before the forming section 53 to avoid.

8th shows a view y of the second section 80 and the inclination, ie the oblique position at a first angle of inclination Φ1 the slope surface 84 of the tool 50 according to 7 , The first inclination angle Φ1 refers to the row direction RW and is in one by the working direction AR and the row direction RW Measured span. The slope surface 84 is inclined in the same direction, in which also forming surfaces 66 of the transformation section 53 are tilted. 9 shows the in 8th X is the view of the second part of the tool 50 , It demonstrates that the slope surface 84 in working direction AR inclined, the slope surface 84 at a second angle of inclination Φ2 in terms of working direction AR is inclined. By the second inclination angle Φ2, the deformation by the deformation section 53 supported. The second angle of inclination Φ2 forms a negative rake angle. If this is chosen too small, it can lead to the lifting of a chip. The first inclination angle Φ1 supports the transformation of webs in a single direction, which in the embodiment according to 7 equal to the row direction of the tool RW is. Preferably, the first and second inclination angles are 20 ° -30 °.

An embodiment of the method according to the invention is in 10 illustrated in a block diagram. In addition, in the figure, the result of the application to an object 110 shown.

On the initially unprocessed surface area 111 of the object 110 becomes the process step 100 applied.

The method involves the introduction 100 from in a row in a row direction R arranged grooves 180 , causing webs 160 be formed, with a bridge 160 through a groove 180 from another jetty 160 is spaced. The introduction 100 can be done for example by machining. A jetty 160 initially has a cover surface parallel to the row direction 200 on. A groove 180 has a groove bottom 380 on. The groove bottoms 380 are along a line L arranged. A jetty 160 has a lower web portion in cross-section SU and an upper land portion SO on, with the lower section SU is arranged closer to the groove bottom of the adjacent groove than the upper portion SO ,

By applying the reshaping 102 of the upper bridge section SO of the footbridge 160 under material displacement in the adjacent groove 180 are the top surfaces 200 in a row direction R open angle of attack α sloping. Alternatively, the angle of attack α against the row direction R open. In the forming 102 Material is in the direction of the opening of the angle of attack α postponed. Due to the material shift is a rib 260 formed on the bridge.

In a further process step 104 become the top surfaces 200 of the bridges 160 roughened.

It becomes an object 10 . 110 with a surface structure 14 created for better adhesion of a coating 12 is set up. The surface structure 14 has webs 16 . 160 and grooves 18a, b ; 180 on, which are arranged in a row. A bridge has a top surface 20 . 200 which is tilted in a single direction. The top surfaces 20 . 200 of the bridges 16 . 160 are in the same direction in the row direction R sloping. A jetty 16 . 160 also has a first surface 24 in the row direction R oriented, and a second surface 32 in the row direction R opposite direction is oriented to. The first area 24 and the second surface 32 are transverse to the row direction R , By the execution of the webs 16 . 160 and grooves 18a, b ; 180 becomes a very good backfillability of the surface texture 14 achieved with coating material and the surface texture 14 gives the coating 12 . 120 a very good adhesion. It also becomes a tool according to the invention 50 for producing a surface structure 14 and a manufacturing method specified.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10, 110

object

12, 120

coating

14

surface structure

16, 160

web

18a, b, 180

groove

20, 200

cover surface

21

Cover surface section

22

coating surface

24

first surface

26, 260

rib

27

edge surface

28

indentation

30

undercut

32

second surface

34

bight

36a, b

terminal area

38, 380

groove bottom

40

crossing

42

bead

50

Tool

52

Zerspanungsabschnitt

53

forming section

54

cutting tooth

55

first and second side edge

56

front edge

57

End edge portion

58

Umformkufe

60

cutting depth

62

approach area

64

first forming surface approach

66

forming surface

68

second forming surface approach

70

first engagement depth

72

second engagement depth

74

maximum engagement depth

76

Fine structuring surface

78

first part

80

second part

82

body

84

sloping surface

86

free space

100

bring

102

reshape

104

roughen

111

Unprocessed surface area

R

row direction

α

angle of attack

β

dull angle

γ

orientation angle

δ

Free bracket

h1

first cover surface distance

h2

second cover surface distance

h3

third cover surface distance

a1

surface distance

a2

web spacing

a3

Free Keep your distance

ZA

cylinder axis

ZM

Cylinder surface

SU

lower bridge section

SO

upper bridge section

L

line

RW

Row direction of the tool

MS

Cutting tooth center

MB

Middle of the neck area

b

Approach area width

z

Gap width

s

Cutting tooth width

T

division

n

integer

φ1

first inclination angle

φ2

second inclination angle

AR

working direction

Θ

Inclination angle

Claims (14)

An article (10) having a surface structure (14) with a coating (12) or for receiving such, wherein the surface structure (14) comprises: webs (16) and grooves (18a, b) alternately arranged in a row, wherein the webs Row one direction (R) is fixed, wherein the grooves (18) each have a row in the direction (R) straight groove bottom (38), whereby each two webs (16) from each other with respect to the Row direction (R) by the groove bottom (38) are spaced, and wherein at least one web (16) comprises - a top surface (20) in an in the row direction (R) opened angle of attack (α) with respect to the row direction (R) inclined is, so that the web (16) has an asymmetrical cross-section, - each one in the row direction (R) facing first surface (24) and opposite to the row direction (R) facing second surface (32), - a rib (26), which protrudes into the adjacent groove (18a) via the first surface (24) to form a recess (28), the recess (28) forming an undercut (30) transversely to the row direction (R), a first connection region (36a ) from the first surface (24) to the groove bottom (38) of the groove (18a), which is arranged on the web (16) in the row direction (R) has a fillet or a corner, and wherein a second connection region (36b) from the second surface (32) on the groove bottom of the groove (18 b), the de m web (16) against the row direction (R) is arranged, has a rounding or a corner. Article (10) with a surface structure (14) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the grooves (18) each have a groove bottom (38), wherein the groove bottoms (38) on an imaginary, parallel to the row longitudinal direction (R) extending line (L) are, and that the top surface (20) the web (16), measured at the first surface (24), a first distance (h1) to the line (L) and, measured at the second surface (32), a second distance (h2), wherein the first distance (h1) is greater than the second distance (h2). Article (10) with a surface structure (14) according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the cover surface (20) on the rib (26), in the region of the recess (28) measured at a distance from the first surface (24), a third distance (h3) from the line (L), the is greater than the first distance (h1) and / or the second distance (h2). An article (10) having a surface structure (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second surface (32) is transverse to the row direction (R) and that the top surface (20) and the second surface (32) together obtuse angle (β), whereby at the transition (40) between the second surface (32) and the top surface (20) a kink or a bend is formed. Article (10) with a surface structure (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top surface (20) of the web (16) is roughened. Article (10) with a surface structure (14) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection region (36) of the first and / or the second surface of the web (16) and a groove bottom (38) of an adjacent groove (18) is rounded. An article (10) having a surface structure (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the article (10) has a cylinder jacket surface (ZM) and the webs (16) and grooves (18) follow a helix (SL). A tool (50) for producing a surface texture on a surface of an object for receiving a coating, wherein the tool has a clearance (z) set, and a row defining a row direction of the tool (RW), comprising: A cutting section (52) having a cutting tooth (54) which has an end edge (56) with an end edge section (57) running along the row direction (RW), wherein the cutting tooth (54) has a cutting tooth width measured in the row direction (RW) (s ) and a cutting tooth center (MS), wherein a pitch (T) is defined by the sum of the cutting tooth width (s) and the gap spacing (z), - A forming section (53) with a Umformkufe (58) having a forming surface (66), wherein the forming surface (66) comprises: o a first Umformflächenansatz (64) of the Umformfläche (66) which is arranged in a neck region (62) along the row direction (RW) on the tool (50), wherein the center of the shoulder region (MB) with an integer multiple (n) of Pitch (T) is spaced from the cutting tooth center (MS) and the lug portion (62) has a lug width (b) corresponding to the cutting tooth width (s) along the row direction (RW), o a second forming surface shoulder (68) disposed along the row direction (RW) outside the nose region (62), the forming face (66) being skewed from the first forming face shoulder (64) to the second forming face shoulder (68), the first Umformflächenansatz (64) has a first engagement depth (70) which is greater than a second engagement depth (72) of the second Umformflächenansatzes (68). Tool (50) for producing a surface structure according to Claim 8 characterized in that the cutting portion (52) has a plurality of cutting teeth (54) spaced apart by the clearance (z). Tool (50) after Claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that the first Umformflächenansatz (64) and the second Umformflächenansatz (68) along the row direction (RW) at least one of the space interval (z) corresponding distance. Tool for producing a surface structure according to one of Claims 8 - 10 , characterized in that at least one Umformkufe (58) has a fine patterning surface (76). A method of making a surface structure of an article for receiving a coating, the method comprising: Inserting (100) grooves (180) arranged in a row in a row direction (R) into a surface (111) forming lands (160) between the grooves (180) spaced from each other by the grooves (180), wherein each web (160) initially has a cover surface (200) oriented longitudinally with respect to the row direction (R), Forming (102) upper web portions (SO) of one or more webs (160) with material displacement in an adjacent groove (180) to form an undercut (130), wherein the cover surfaces (200) in an open in either or against the row direction angle ( α) are inclined relative to the row direction (R), wherein the material is displaced in the direction of the Anstellwinkelöffnung. Process for producing a surface structure according to Claim 12 , characterized in that the grooves (180) are formed by means of at least one cutting tooth through a groove spiral formed in a cylindrical surface surface to form a web spiral, and that the top surface (200) · of the web spiral in an open either in or against the axial direction of attack ( α) relative to the cylinder jacket axis (ZA) is beveled forming with a Umformkufe. Method according to one of Claims 12 - 13 wherein the beveled top surfaces (200) are roughened.

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