DE102012108536A1 - System for determining energy consumption of e.g. consumers, connected to power supply in house, has home control unit for acquiring operating state and/or information on energy consumption of consumers connected to home control unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a home control unit (100) for capturing and storing energy consumption of energy consumers in a database (113a), where each energy consumer is connected to the home control unit. The home control unit acquires the operating state and/or information on the energy consumption of the consumers, calculates energy consumption data based on the information, and stores the calculated energy consumption of the consumers in the database, where contents of the database are accessible over a network. The energy consumers are connected to the home control unit over a field bus and/or a network such as Ethernet, WLAN, Bluetooth or KNX.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the differentiated and consumer-specific calculation of the power consumption with the aid of at least one (software) component on a home control unit. Various consumers can communicate with the house control unit via existing home bus systems, WLAN or LAN. And especially devices that can not measure their own power consumption and are not controllable, should be considered in the consumption calculation. Other applications can then, for. B. on customer request, further process this data.

Field of the invention

There are a number of different home bus systems on the market that operate on different principles and topologies.

In general, a distinction is made between sensors (eg for measuring temperature, brightness, power consumption) and actuators (eg relays, lighting, heating). I. d. R. the actuator is controlled via the home bus system and switches the actual consumer (for example, electrical appliance, lamp). Actuator and consumer are i. d. R. combined in a device or the actuator is a consumer "upstream". The mains voltage is applied to the consumer.

The actuator is connected to the house bus and receives commands from it. The commands either come directly from a sensor or indirectly from a control computer (eg, these control timers and daisy chain multiple actuators). (see also http://www.mikrocontroller.net/articles/Hausbus Actuators can usually cause a variety of things, but for the understanding of this document, it is assumed that the actuators only turn on or off the consumers, as the measurement of power consumption is of interest. It may also be other types of regulation. For example, light switches can also be dimmed. It must therefore not only be a binary switching, but may also be the regulation of an actor within a certain range of values. This may mean that the measurement becomes more complicated or inaccurate as it does not always imply linear power consumption (eg 50% light dimming does not always account for 50% of power consumption).

If one now wants to determine the differentiated and device-specific power consumption of the devices in the household, one would need a current sensor for each electrical device. For this purpose, each consumer would have to be equipped with a sensor for measuring consumption and be connected to the home control. US2003050737 describes such a method of energy measurement and control using sensors. The disadvantage of this method of calculating the power consumption is that a sensor is needed for each consumer device, which is associated with increased costs. Also increases the effort for an organization or the end customer, because then u. There is a dependency on one or a few suppliers.

The sensor can transmit the differentiated and device-specific consumption to the home control unit or can be queried by the latter. However, it is unacceptable and may not make economic sense for each appliance in the household to be supplemented with consumption sensors and connected directly to a home bus (all appliances are indirectly connected).

The patent is known US2011049984 which concerns a method and method for controlling the energy consumption via a smart meter. The consumption for each device is analyzed there, consumption patterns are created and if necessary the devices are switched off (if the power consumption is too high). The disadvantage here is that all devices must be connected via the LAN to the smart meter.

Overview of the invention

The aim of the invention is the o. G. To overcome disadvantages and to design a method which with the help of a house control unit on existing home bus systems, WLAN or LAN with the house control unit, the power consumption of the connected devices - also and in particular without power consumption sensors - determined. Task is therefore to design a method and an arrangement which, with the help of at least one (software) component on a house control unit determines the power consumption of the connected devices without power consumption sensors and even devices that can not measure their own power consumption considered in the consumption calculation ,

Specifically, it is a system for determining the energy consumption of consumers connected to a household or building electricity network, comprising a home control unit that collects and stores energy consumption for each consumer in a database, the consumers being connected to the home control unit are. The consumers interact with the house control unit either via a network, a home bus system (eg KNX) or via a relay control. Other types of Connection as radio links are conceivable. At least the house control unit must have knowledge of the operating state (ie switched on, off or standby) of the device. The house control unit usually has software to obtain the operating status and / or information about the energy consumption from the consumers, to calculate the energy consumption based on this information, and to store it in the database. If, for example, a specific device (eg a lamp) is characterized by a specific switch-on behavior (represented by a recorded switch-on characteristic stored in a database), then it can be determined from the z. B. by subtraction with the calculated total consumption of electricity detected total consumption of other consumers, the specific device identified and its switching state can be determined. In addition to the consumption curves (power), the curves can also separately record current and voltage curves and possibly temporal phase shifts between the two. Thus, it is possible to determine and store for each consumer specific consumptions over a period of time to generate statistics, thereby determining statistical evaluations, future consumption and problematic consumers and adapting stored characteristics of known devices to real determined values.

For the consumers, a consumption curve is or is stored in the database depending on the operating state for the energy consumption, with the aid of which the energy consumption is calculated taking into account the operating state. This consumption curve can either be transmitted by the device itself in the form of consumption data, d. H. the actual energy consumption, if the device has a corresponding measuring device, or as a function of operating conditions. Alternatively, it is conceivable for identification information to be transmitted from the device to the home control unit or to be stored manually in the database, with the aid of which the characteristic curve can be downloaded by the software implemented in the home control unit from a central server. Alternatively, the system is able to determine a characteristic curve itself by interrogating the current measuring device in dependence on the states which are detected or communicated by the terminal in order to determine the energy consumption on the basis of the operating state changes. The boundary conditions that are necessary for this approach are shown below. The minimum states that the house control unit should be able to detect are the ON and OFF states. Of course, further states are preferably transmitted, such as a standby state or specific operating states, as they are typical for the respective device. A corresponding consumption is assigned to all states, so that the consumption of the device in this state can be determined on the basis of the consumption and the past time. The house control unit is next to the house bus accessible via a network in order to obtain as well available information about the energy consumption. This includes information about the total energy consumption of the smart meter, as well as device-specific information about the energy consumption of devices that have an appropriate power supply. It can be generated regularly statistical reports that are sent, for example, by e-mail, or via a website that the home control unit z. B. via an implemented web server, made available. Also, the transfer to a central server (backend of a service provider) is conceivable to make further evaluations. Also, messages can be transmitted in special moments or to special events, such as via / via SMS or e-mails that notify particularly high consumption or non-normal conditions, so that the user becomes aware of these. Should the total energy consumption or energy consumption of individual devices exceed a certain threshold, appropriate messages may be generated for a check to be made. These events are always of interest if they occur at specific times. If, for example, the consumption during the night is particularly high, an appropriate message can be transmitted. There are thus events that are to be considered depending on the time or not. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the house control unit can also actively switch on and switch off subscribers when energy is present, for example, from solar modules. Such a control is always of interest if an energy yield is given by a solar system and the home control information about devices are stored, the gem. Energy profile characteristic have a particularly high energy consumption, and which can be selectively switched by the implemented in the house control unit software control bus or network. For example, air conditioners can always be switched to a specific power level when solar power is available.

• a) Falls die Kennlinie für den Verbraucher manuell eingetragen wurde, so wird diese als Startwert verwendet,
• b) Falls der Stromverbrauch des Verbrauchers der Haussteuereinheit selbst durch diesen mitgeteilt wird, so wird auf Basis dieser Information die Verbrauchskennlinie in regelmäßigen Abständen adaptiert und der Verbrauch direkt bestimmt,
• c) Sofern vorhanden wird die zentrale Datenbank nach der Kennlinie für jeden noch nicht ermittelten Stromverbrauch und Verbraucher abgefragt,
• d) Sofern kein Eintrag in der zentralen Datenbank existiert, werden die Datenbanken der Hersteller einzeln nach den Verbrauchskennlinien abgefragt,
• e) Wenn über Punkt a)–d) keine Verbrauchskennlinie zu ermitteln ist, wird das Gerät, wie oben beschrieben in den EIN- und dann in den AUS-Zustand versetzt, daraus ermittelt sich der Stromverbrauch durch Differenzmessung. Diese Zustände können manuell durch den Nutzer oder, wenn die Geräte durch die Haussteueranlage steuerbar sind, auch über diese bereitgestellt werden. Dieser Vorgang wird vorzugsweise einmalig zur Initialisierung der Gerätekennlinien vorgenommen. Es ist zu vermeiden, dass dieser Vorgang bei jedem Anschalten des Gerätes durchzuführen ist.

If, in a further possible embodiment, the intelligent electricity meter and the home control unit are connected to each other, this is preferably done via Ethernet, Bluetooth WLAN or a similar connection in order to continuously query the energy consumption of the intelligent electricity meter and to determine the energy consumption of the consumers. Also fieldbus systems such. B. ZigBee or KNX are conceivable. This optional method works at least for individual networked ones Consumer even if there is no smart electricity meter and a connection to this. In this case consumers can be "measured" who, although they do not have a consumption meter whose status and approximate consumption (the characteristic) is known. However, it is not possible to measure consumers who are not networked and whose status can not be experienced through the house control unit. This makes it possible that a review and / or adjustment of the consumption curve is performed by the house control unit by the house control unit queries the electricity meter in response to detected changes in state of the devices. Thus, stored energy profiles (characteristics) of the devices can be checked for their correctness, in order to necessarily adapt them. The house control unit is preferably able to determine the total power consumption of all consumers connected to it via the electricity meter, whereby the unknown consumers of the home control unit are trained by measuring the difference, with all consumers, except for the unknown consumer, are set to the OFF state or remain constant, so that then the consumption curve can be determined for the unknown consumer by activating different states by means of a differential measurement on the electricity meter. In this case, in the presence of switches controllable by the house control unit, the change of the switching states can be automated by the software implemented in the unit. If controllable switches are not present in all cases, the user and the house control unit can have access to the switching states manually on the instructions of a dialog program implemented in a terminal or the house control unit itself (web page). In this case, the user can confirm the execution of the change of the switching state via this user interface. In a preferred embodiment, the house control unit for the individual consumers proceeds in the following order,

• a) If the characteristic was entered manually for the consumer, then this is used as start value,
• b) If the power consumption of the consumer of the house control unit itself is communicated by this, so based on this information, the consumption curve is adapted at regular intervals and the consumption determined directly,
• c) If available, the central database is queried according to the characteristic curve for each electricity consumption and consumer not yet determined;
• d) If there is no entry in the central database, the databases of the manufacturers are queried individually according to the consumption characteristics,
• e) If it is not possible to determine a consumption curve via points a) -d), the device is switched to the ON state and then to the OFF state as described above. The power consumption is determined by differential measurement. These states may be manually provided by the user or, if the devices are controllable by the home control system, also via them. This process is preferably carried out once to initialize the device characteristics. It is to be avoided that this procedure is to be carried out each time the device is switched on.

figure description

The 1 shows the inventive system in a network.

Detailed description of the invention

As a basis for the solution of the task, the following environment of the user is assumed, as in 1 exemplified:
There is an intelligent electricity meter 101 and a home control unit with a (software) component 100 , wherein electricity meter and house control unit are networked with each other. An "intelligent" meter, also known as a smart meter, is a meter for energy, such as energy meters. For example, electricity or gas, which according to the definition of § 21d EnWG (Act on Electricity and Gas Supply) indicates the actual energy consumption and the actual usage time to the respective connection user. Furthermore, this counter has interfaces that allow a query to obtain the actual power consumption. The house control unit 100 is on the LAN 108 connected by the user. Several appliances to be controlled (consumers) are to the house control unit 100 via another house bus ( 106 ), where both LAN, and house bus gem. the known art can be performed via appropriate electrical isolation devices via the mains. However, some consumers are not directly to the house control unit 100 or the house bus 106 connected (eg light bulb 102 ), but are connected without signaling interfaces exclusively to the household electrical network.

The (software) component on the house control unit 100 monitors the switch-on status of the connected devices (consumers) and is responsible for the calculation of power consumption.

Consumers (such as light bulb 102 , Washing machine 103 , TV 104 , PC 112 ) have different abilities to report their states. A simple consumer, is only connected to the mains and knows only the operating conditions ON or OFF (eg light bulb 102 ). A consumer with more skills can report the operating conditions ON, OFF and possibly STANDBY to the house control unit and possibly his device identifier, the z. B. his device type and / or device number and / or serial number and / or manufacturer name / identifier includes, report yourself (eg. 103 , PC 112 ). Consumers with complex capabilities can report operating conditions (such as ON, OFF, STANDBY) and their own power consumption as well as at least one device ID (see above) (eg "TV"). 104 ).

In general, for many consumers, the level of power consumption depends on the program conditions used (eg washing at 30 degrees Celsius consumes less power than 95 degrees Celsius, cooling to 7 degrees Celsius uses less power than cooling to 4 degrees Celsius ). For TV sets is the same device types and the same program, for example, the energy consumption is highly dependent on the set brightness.

The difficulty here is that in a household i. d. R. many consumers with different levels of ability with regard to the reporting of their operating conditions coexist, so that a differentiated consumption analysis and control is not readily possible.

In order to solve the problem, consumers equipped with a consumption sensor, ie consumers, control their power consumption in a home automation system 100 can communicate via the above-mentioned bus and / or network systems connected to the home control.

• 1. Die Erfassung des Gerätes erfolgt manuell durch den Benutzer mit anschließender Konfiguration der Zuordnung in einer lokalen Geräte-Datenbank 113a) der Haussteuereinheit 100. Alternativ melden entsprechend ausgestattete Geräte ihren Gerätetyp an die Haussteuereinheit bzw. werden von dieser abgefragt. Die Zuordnung wird in der lokalen Geräte-Datenbank 113a) gespeichert. Gespeichert werden z. B. der Herstellername, der Gerätetyp und die Gerätenummer zur Unterscheidung mehrerer Geräte eines Typs.
• 2. Die Erfassung des Stromverbrauchs der Verbraucher erfolgt nach Erfassung des Gerätetyps der Verbraucher. Der zugeordnete Stromverbrauch wird in der lokalen Geräte-Datenbank 113a) abgelegt. Der Stromverbrauch wird auf unterschiedliche Arten ermittelt:
• 2.1. Verbraucher, die ihren Stromverbrauch ermitteln können, melden diesen automatisch oder werden von der Haussteuereinheit in regelmäßigen Abständen abgefragt.
• 2.2. Bei Verbrauchern, die ihren Stromverbrauch nicht ermitteln können – aber an die Haussteuereinheit angeschlossen sind – wird der Zustand (AN/AUS/STANDBY oder z. B. auch ein übermittelter Programmzustand einer Waschmaschine) durch die Haussteuereinheit überwacht. Deren Stromverbrauch kann auf unterschiedliche Weise ermittelt werden:
• 2.2.1. Die Haussteuereinheit mit der (Software-)Komponente 100 – in Verbindung mit dem intelligenten Stromzähler 101 – ist in der Lage den Gesamtstromverbrauch aller an ihr angeschlossenen Verbraucher zu ermitteln: Durch Differenzmessung werden die Kennlinien unbekannter Verbraucher der Haussteuereinheit angelernt. Dazu müssen alle Verbraucher, bis auf den Unbekannten, in den AUS-Zustand gehen bzw. konstant bleiben. Die (Software-)Komponente auf der Haussteuereinheit übernimmt selbständig das Anlernen. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass der unbekannte Verbraucher, ggf. durch elektronische Fernkontrolle oder mit Hilfe des Nutzers, erst in EIN- und dann in AUS-Zustand versetzt wird, so dass der Stromverbrauch des einen Verbrauchers durch eine Differenzmessung zum Gesamtverbrauch (der Gesamtverbrauch ist Null, wenn alle anderen Verbraucher AUS sind oder entsprechend größer Null und konstant, wenn für alle Verbraucher einen konstanter Verbrauch für die Zeit der Messung haben) ermittelt werden kann. Die dabei durch über den intelligenten Stromzähler durch die Haussteuereinheit erfasste Kennlinie inkl. Ein-/Ausschaltverhalten wird nun gemeinsam mit den anderen Daten des Verbrauchers in mindestens einer Datenbank gespeichert.
• 2.2.2. Eine zweite Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Stromverbrauch einzelner Verbraucher gem. der erfassten Gerätekennung (s. o.) über eine Datenbank beim Gerätehersteller 110 oder einen anderen Dienstleister, der diese Datenbank betreibt, abzufragen. Dabei kann die o. g. Gerätekennung als Schlüssel, dem die weiteren Gerätedaten in der Datenbank eindeutig zugeordnet ist, dienen. Dies ist kann der jeweils durchschnittliche Verbrauch oder gem. einer gespeicherten Kennlinie der Verbrauch in Abhängigkeit vom Gerätezustand sein. Je exakter die Informationen des Herstellers für unterschiedliche Schaltzustände sind (z. B. Stromverbrauch für unterschiedliche Waschprogramme mit Angabe der Dauer des Programms) desto genauer bildet der darüber ermittelten Stromverbrauch den tatsächlichen Verbrauch ab. Möglich wäre aufgrund der Angaben für die Dauer einzelner Programme mit Stopp/AUS Phasen eindeutig auf das Waschprogramm, und damit auf den Verbrauch zu schließen und letztlich auch auf den einzelnen Verbraucher im Haushalt schließen zu können. Diese Intelligenz muss in der Haussteuereinheit mit der (Software-)Komponente 100 verortet sein und kann auf Basis statistischer Auswertungen erfolgen, zum Beispiel durch den Vergleich mit bekannten Kennlinien des gleichen Gerätetyps, die das durchschnittliche Verhalten (z. B. zeitlicher Verlauf des Stromverbrauchs) über den gemessenen Zeitraum z. B. in Abhängigkeit vom Startzeitpunkt eines der Haussteuereinheit gemeldeten Programms repräsentieren. Die Verbrauchskennlinien der Geräte können alternativ aus einer zentralen Datenbank 113, welche sich nicht im lokalen Heim, sondern bei einem Betreiber verortet ist, ermittelt werden. Möglich wäre eine Bereitstellung der Informationen durch den Betreiber (ITK-Provider 111) der zentralen Datenbank 113, der diese von den Geräteherstellern erhält (110). Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht in der Bereitstellung einer Datenbank durch den Betreiber der zentralen Datenbank (111), die von der Nutzer-Community aufgebaut und aktualisiert wird. Diese Informationen (Kennlinien etc.) werden dann von der Haussteuereinheit über das Internet 109 gerätespezifisch heruntergeladen. Sofern die Kennlinien lediglich den minimalen und maximalen Stromverbrauch der Geräte beinhalten, werden Durchschnittswerte gebildet, wobei sich ein Stromverbrauch z. B. aus dem Durchschnittswert und den Einschaltzeiten (AN-Zustände) ermitteln lässt. Die Berechnungen dazu führt die (Software-)Komponente auf der Haussteuereinheit durch. Bei genauen Kennlinien bzw. Energieprofilen zu denen jeweils ein unterschiedlicher Stromverbrauch je nach Zustand gespeichert ist, werden ebenfalls die ggf. ermittelten Einschaltzeiten der Geräte durch die Haussteuereinheit registriert, aufsummiert und so der Gesamtstromverbrauch durch die (Software-)Komponente auf der Haussteuereinheit 100 errechnet.
• 2.2.3. Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Erfassung von Daten zum Stromverbrauch besteht in der manuellen Eingabe der Verbrauchswerte (beispielweise als Angaben aus dem Handbuch des Gerätes) in die Datenbank 113a über das Nutzerinterface der Haussteuereinheit durch den Nutzer selbst. Die weitere Ermittlung des jeweiligen Stromverbrauchs erfolgt dann ebenfalls, wie unter 2.2.2 beschrieben.

Consumers with limited capabilities are made available for differentiated and device-specific consumption analysis in the following ways.

• 1. The device is recorded manually by the user with subsequent configuration of the assignment in a local device database 113a ) of the house control unit 100 , Alternatively, appropriately equipped devices report their device type to the house control unit or are queried by this. The mapping is in the local device database 113a ) saved. Are stored z. Example, the manufacturer name, the device type and the device number to distinguish multiple devices of a type.
• 2. Consumption of the consumers is recorded after the device type of the consumers has been recorded. The allocated power consumption is in the local device database 113a ) filed. The power consumption is determined in different ways:
• 2.1. Consumers who can determine their power consumption report this automatically or are polled by the house control unit at regular intervals.
• 2.2. For consumers who can not determine their power consumption - but are connected to the house control unit - the state (ON / OFF / STANDBY or, for example, also a transmitted program state of a washing machine) is monitored by the house control unit. Their power consumption can be determined in different ways:
• 2.2.1. The house control unit with the (software) component 100 - in conjunction with the smart meter 101 - is able to determine the total power consumption of all consumers connected to it: By measuring the difference, the characteristic curves of unknown consumers of the house control unit are taught. For this purpose, all consumers, except for the unknown, go into the OFF state or remain constant. The (software) component on the house control unit takes on the learning independently. This happens because the unknown consumer, possibly by electronic remote control or with the help of the user, first in the ON and then in the OFF state, so that the power consumption of a consumer by a difference measurement to the total consumption (the total consumption is zero if all other consumers are OFF or correspondingly greater than zero and constant, if all consumers have a constant consumption for the time of the measurement) can be determined. The characteristic curve including on / off behavior detected by the home control unit via the intelligent electricity meter is now stored together with the other data of the consumer in at least one database.
• 2.2.2. A second possibility is the power consumption of individual consumers. the detected device identifier (see above) via a database at the device manufacturer 110 or query another service provider who operates this database. The above-mentioned device identifier can serve as a key to which the further device data in the database is uniquely assigned. This is the average consumption or gem. a stored characteristic of the consumption depending on the device state. The more exact the manufacturer's information is for different switching states (eg power consumption for different washing programs with indication of the duration of the program), the more accurately the power consumption determined thereby reflects the actual consumption. Based on the information given for the duration of individual programs with stop / off phases, it would be possible to clearly refer to the washing program, and thus to conclude on consumption and ultimately also to conclude on the individual consumer in the household. This intelligence must be in the house control unit with the (software) component 100 be located and can be on Based on statistical evaluations, for example, by comparison with known characteristics of the same device type, the average behavior (eg temporal course of power consumption) over the measured period z. B. depending on the start time of one of the house control unit reported program. The consumption characteristics of the devices can alternatively be from a central database 113 , which is located not in the local home, but at an operator, are determined. It would be possible to provide the information by the operator (ICT provider 111 ) of the central database 113 getting it from the device manufacturers ( 110 ). Another possibility is the provision of a database by the operator of the central database ( 111 ), which is built and updated by the user community. This information (characteristics etc.) are then transmitted from the house control unit via the Internet 109 Device-specific downloaded. If the characteristics only include the minimum and maximum power consumption of the devices, averages are formed, with a power consumption z. B. can be determined from the average value and the switch-on times (ON states). The calculations for this are carried out by the (software) component on the house control unit. For exact characteristics or energy profiles to each of which a different power consumption is stored depending on the state, the possibly determined on-times of the devices are also registered by the house control unit, summed and so the total power consumption by the (software) component on the house control unit 100 calculated.
• 2.2.3. Another way to collect data on power consumption is to manually enter the consumption values (for example, as information from the manual of the device) in the database 113a via the user interface of the house control unit by the user himself. The further determination of the respective power consumption is then also as described in 2.2.2.

• a) Sofern der Nutzer per Hand die Verbrauchsdaten z. B. aus dem Handbuch selbst in die Datenbank 113a eingetragen hat, können diese als Anfangsschätzungen verwendet werden.
• b) Ein Gerät, welches seinen Stromverbrauch der Haussteuereinheit 100 selbst mitteilen kann, übermittelt den Verbrauch selbständig oder nach Abfrage durch die Haussteuerung.
• c) Sofern vorhanden wird die zentrale Datenbank nach der Verbrauchskennlinie (Energieprofil) für jeden Verbraucher abgefragt und daraus der aktuelle Stromverbrauch ermittelt.
• d) Sofern keine zentrale Datenbank existiert, werden die Datenbanken der Hersteller einzeln nach den Verbrauchskennlinien zur Ermittlung des jeweiligen Stromverbrauchs abgefragt.
• e) Wenn über Punkt a)–d) für mindestens einen Verbraucher keine Verbrauchskennlinie zu ermitteln ist, wird das Gerät wie unter 2.2.1. initial zuerst in den EIN- und dann in den AUS-Zustand oder auch zusätzlich den Stand-By-Zustand versetzt. Daraus ermittelt sich der Stromverbrauch durch Differenzmessung zum in diesem Zeitraum durch den Nutzer oder durch die Steuersoftware der Haussteuereinheit z. B. durch Abschalten von in Konfigurationsdaten ausgewählten Verbrauchern möglichst konstant gehaltenen Gesamtstromverbrauch. Der Gesamtstromverbrauch muss nicht konstant gehalten werden, wenn die aktuellen ggfs. auch schwankenden Verbrauchswerte aller anderen Geräte über die eingesetzte Software als gemessen und bekannt vorausgesetzt werden können, weil diese Daten in der Berechnung und Erkennung herangezogen werden können. Der jetzt ermittelte Verbrauch kann nun initial in einer Kennlinie für dieses Gerät in der Datenbank gespeichert werden (siehe auch Differenzmessung in 2.2.1). Möglich ist hier auch, ohne die beschriebene Differenzmessung durchzuführen, die Kennlinie manuell über das Nutzerinterface der Haussteuereinheit einzugeben oder über die Haussteuereinheit aus einer Gerätedatenbank 113 herunterzuladen. Kann nun für eine konkrete Verbrauchsmessung der Verbrauch anderer Stromverbraucher gem. a)–d) über die abgerufenen Kennlinien ermittelt werden, so repräsentiert die Differenz zwischen der Summe des über a)–d) ermittelten Stromverbrauchs (z. B. der intelligenten Geräte Haussteuereinheit 100, Waschmaschine 103, Fernseher 104, PC 112, Router, WLAN-Router) und des über den intelligenten Stromzähler 101 ermittelten Stromverbrauchs der Summe der Summe des Stromverbrauchs von Geräten 102, die keine Meldungen an die Haussteuereinheit liefern. Ist im Zeitbereich der Messung/Stromverbrauchsermittlung gem. der vorhandenen Kennliniendatenbank 113a nur ein Gerät 102 an das Stromnetz des Gebäudes angeschlossen, so kann damit der Stromverbrauch dieses Gerätes eindeutig als die genannte Differenz ermittelt werden. Sind im am intelligenten Stromzähler angeschlossenen Gebäudestromnetz mehr als zwei Geräte vorhanden, die keine Meldungen an die Haussteuereinheit liefern, so ist allein aus der oben genannten Summendifferenz der Verbrauch des einzelnen Gerätes nicht zu ermitteln. Da die Haussteuereinheit von diesem Gerätetyp keine Zustandsmeldungen (EIN/AUS) empfängt, jedoch laufend die Verbrauchwerte der anderen Gerätetypen (entsprechend a)–d) ermitteln kann, können so auch EIN/AUS Sprünge im zeitlichen Verlauf des durch den Stromzähler gemessenen Gesamtstromverbrauchs ermittelt werden. Der erfasste zeitlichen Verlauf der Stromverbrauchsänderung kann nun mit dem initial in der Datenbank 113a gespeicherten zeitlichen Verlauf der Kennlinie einzelner Geräte (102) verglichen werden, die keine Meldungen an die Haussteuereinheit liefern. Stimmt der gemessene Verbrauchsverlauf innerhalb festgelegter Toleranzwerte mit einem der im Rahmen der oben erfassten Kennlinie gespeicherten Verläufe für den Schaltzustand eines Gerätes überein, so kann daraus auf den jeweiligen Schaltzustand (z. B. Ein, AUS oder Stand-By) dieses Gerätes geschlossen werden. Aus dem ermittelten Zustand und dem in der gespeicherten Kennlinie davon abhängigen Stromverbrauch kann nun dem jeweiligen Zeitpunkt aktuelle Stromverbrauch des Gerätes ermittelt werden.

The above different ways of determining the power consumption must be sensibly combined with each other depending on the capabilities of the consumer for the overall system. For this purpose, the procedure for the individual consumer in the following order.

• a) If the user by hand, the consumption data z. From the manual itself to the database 113a can be used as initial estimates.
• b) A device which its power consumption of the house control unit 100 can communicate itself, transmits the consumption independently or after consultation by the home control.
• c) If available, the central database is queried according to the consumption curve (energy profile) for each consumer and from this the current power consumption is determined.
• d) If no central database exists, the manufacturers' databases are individually queried according to the consumption curves for determining the respective electricity consumption.
• e) If no consumption curve is to be determined for at least one consumer via points a) -d), the device will be operated as described under 2.2.1. initial first in the ON and then in the OFF state or in addition, the standby state offset. From this, the power consumption determined by differential measurement for this period by the user or by the control software of the house control unit z. B. by switching off selected in configuration data consumers as constant as possible total power consumption. The total power consumption need not be kept constant if the current possibly fluctuating consumption values of all other devices can be assumed to be measured and known via the software used, since these data can be used in the calculation and detection. The consumption that has now been determined can now be stored initially in a characteristic curve for this device in the database (see also difference measurement in 2.2.1). It is also possible, without carrying out the described differential measurement, to enter the characteristic curve manually via the user interface of the house control unit or via the house control unit from a device database 113 download. Can now for a specific consumption measurement of the consumption of other electricity consumers gem. a) -d) are determined via the retrieved characteristic curves, then the difference between the sum of the power consumption determined via a) -d) (for example of the intelligent devices house control unit 100 , Washing machine 103 , TV 104 , PC 112 , Routers, wireless routers) and the via the smart meter 101 determined power consumption of the sum of the sum of the power consumption of devices 102 that do not deliver messages to the house control unit. Is in the time range of the measurement / electricity consumption acc. the existing characteristic database 113a only one device 102 Connected to the mains of the building, so the power consumption of this device can be clearly determined as the difference. If more than two devices are present in the building electricity network connected to the intelligent electricity meter that do not deliver any messages to the house control unit, the consumption of the individual device can not be determined solely from the above-mentioned sum difference. Since the house control unit does not receive any status messages (ON / OFF) from this device type, However, if the consumption values of the other types of devices (corresponding to a) -d) can be determined continuously, then ON / OFF jumps can also be determined over the course of time of the total electricity consumption measured by the electricity meter. The recorded temporal course of the power consumption change can now with the initial in the database 113a stored time characteristic of the characteristic curve of individual devices ( 102 ) that do not deliver messages to the house control unit. If the measured consumption curve within specified tolerance values coincides with one of the curves stored for the switching state of a device within the scope of the above-described characteristic curve, then the respective switching state (eg on, off or standby) of this device can be deduced therefrom. From the determined condition and the power consumption dependent thereon in the stored characteristic curve, it is now possible to determine the current power consumption of the appliance at the respective instant.

Furthermore, the methods can be combined with each other. For example, at first an initial estimate of consumption by the user, which he himself in the database 113a enters. A light bulb with 60 watts can z. B. relatively easy to estimate the consumption of 60 watts. Thereafter, the consumption curve as described under d) can be queried in the database of the manufacturer, and the actual consumption as described under e) can be determined. Also from the database 113 Determined default values of the device manufacturers can be adapted to the real consumption of individual devices with the help of method 2.2. This can happen automatically via the house control unit, which thus specifies the energy profiles intelligently and independently.

Devices that can communicate their own power consumption, in case of failure z. B. a current measurement sensor of an identical device for simulating the power consumption of the failed device of the house control unit 100 used, if the switching state can be determined. In this case, the device receives z. B. from the connected sensor an error message or notes that no more signals can be received by the sensor.

Then the software of the device uses the stored device-specific characteristic to gem. to simulate the power consumption of the switching state and to transmit it to the house control unit. The characteristic curve can be obtained from the memory of the device itself or via the mentioned bus systems from the described databases. Furthermore, the energy characteristic in case of failure of the energy sensor of a device also from the house control unit 100 itself used to simulate the energy consumption of the device.

Example process for selected consumers:

Configuration phase:

The TV 104 is here for example equipped with no consumption sensor. For this reason, in this case, the consumption curve is over the IP connection 109 through the house tax system 100 from the database 113 ITC (Information and Telecommunication Technology) Provider 111 or alternatively from the device manufacturer 110 downloaded using a device identifier generated by the house control unit 100 can be queried and also as a key for the associated characteristic in the database 113 is included, queried.

Another possibility is that via the wireless or wired connection (eg IP connection via WLAN or LAN) 105 the TV 104 using the device ID the status (ON / OFF / STANDBY) to the house control unit 100 reports which estimates the consumption on the basis of the downloaded characteristic curve.

The lightbulb 102 including its version does not have the ability to communicate their operating conditions or consumption in the embodiment. Provided an initial estimate of consumption by the user in the device database 113a has been registered, this is used. Thereafter, the power consumption can be determined via a differential measurement as described above. For this purpose, the power consumption - controlled by the user and / or the home control system - all other consumers initially switched off or kept constant and the electronic power meter is the total current before and after switching on the lamp 102 measured and from the home control system 100 recorded via the electricity meter. The home control system determines now by subtracting the consumption of the device and its record the measured excess consumption assigns, for example, 17 watts for the state ON. The total electricity consumption does not have to be kept constant if the current possibly fluctuating consumption values of all other devices can be assumed to be measured and known via the software used.

Utilization phase:

The washing machine 103 is equipped with a consumption sensor. This reports over the house bus 106 , the home bus gateway 107 and the LAN 108 to the house control unit 100 the current one Power consumption. The KNX bus can serve as an example of a home bus.

The smart electricity meter 101 reported in regular or by the house control unit gem. Query log specified intervals to the house control unit 100 the current and accumulated consumption.

The (software) component on the house control unit 100 subtracts from the current consumption, the consumption of the known (turned on) devices, eg. B. washing machine 103 (based on their reported consumption) and z. B. the TV 104 based on the characteristic-based estimation. The remaining unknown remainder can be statistically derived from the (software) component house control unit 100 be determined. Over the time course of the total consumption so as described above, for example, two switched on and trained incandescent 102 identified and their states determined. If, for example, a lamp is characterized by a specific switch-on behavior (represented by a detected switch-on characteristic stored in a database), then it can be determined from the z. B. by subtracting the consumption values of the other consumers calculated using an intelligent electricity meter, the specific device (eg lamp) is identified and its switching state determined. In the underlying characteristic curves, in addition to consumption curves (power), it is also possible to separately record current and voltage profiles and possibly temporal phase shifts between the two. These statistical evaluation methods are additionally based on different time series in which regularities (patterns) are recognized. Possibly. In addition to time, additional information is required for analysis, such as temperature or brightness. Detected patterns may be, for example, that a toaster is always used only in the morning at the weekend; the outdoor lighting is switched on and off automatically depending on the external brightness or the electrical auxiliary heating of the heat pump is always switched below -10 ° C outside temperature.

Standby is a special mode of smarter consumers. In the sense of differentiated and device-specific consumption measurement, standby must be taken into account, for example by the characteristic curve from the device database 113 , Alternatively, the standby of these devices can be taught according to the scheme under Method 2.2 in home control or configured declaratively for the device.

Based on the calculated power consumption for all consumers, the current, average and total consumption per device can be calculated and statistical analyzes by the (software) component on the house control unit 100 be performed. Thus, so-called "power guzzlers" (eg, devices with disproportionate and non-state-of-the-art consumption that account for a relatively high proportion of a household's total consumption) can not detect fully functional devices due to anomaly measurement or statistical predictions z. B. over the total annual consumption. The use of the invention is conceivable both in private households and, for example, in shared apartments in order to determine a consumption for each room individually. In common premises, if this is technically supported, z. B. on the previous booking each person (when using stove or shower), the individual power consumption per person are determined, the registration is not the subject of this invention. The invention can also be used in a business environment where the power consumption z. In offices for each floor, office or class of consumers (eg PCs only) and their statistical evaluation is relevant. It is also possible to determine the electricity consumption for the billing of a partially professionally or commercially used private apartment. It is also conceivable to use the invention for the separate determination of power consumption in granny flat when only one home control unit is installed in the main dwelling and the data is transmitted from the granny flat. An anonymous total consumption transmission from the granny flat would also be conceivable.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US2003050737 [0005]
• US 2011049984 [0007]

Cited non-patent literature

• http://www.mikrocontroller.net/articles/Hausbus [0004]

Claims (11)

System for determining the energy consumption of consumers who are connected to a household or building electricity network, comprising a home control unit ( 100 ), for each consumer ( 103 ) records energy consumption and stores it in a database, whereby consumers ( 103 ) with the house control unit ( 103 ) Are connected, characterized in that the home control unit is configured to obtain the operating status and / or information about the energy consumption of the equipment in order to calculate based on this information, the power consumption, and to store them in the database, said database over a Network is available. The system according to the preceding claim, wherein the consumers a consumption characteristic is stored depending on the operating state for the energy consumption in the database, by means of which the energy consumption can be calculated taking into account the operating state, preferably the database is stored locally, or in a network , wherein the database is preferably maintained by at least one service provider and / or user, preferably an Internet community has access to this data. The system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the consumers communicate the states ON, OFF and / or standby and / or an identifier. The system according to one or more of the preceding two claims, wherein the consumption curve is automatically loaded by the consumer into the database, downloaded from the Internet, manually entered and / or learned. The system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein an intelligent electricity meter ( 101 ) and the house control unit ( 100 ) are interlinked to continuously query the energy consumption of the smart meter to determine the energy consumption of the consumers. The system according to the preceding claim, wherein a review and / or adjustment of the consumption curve is performed by the house control unit, in which the house control unit polls the electricity meter in response to state changes. The system according to the preceding claim, wherein the house control unit is able to determine the total power consumption of all consumers connected to it via the electricity meter, whereby the unknown consumers of the home control unit are trained by measuring the difference, with all consumers, except for the unknown consumer, go into the OFF state or remain constant, then to determine the consumption curve for the unknown consumer by activating different states using a differential measurement on the electricity meter. The system according to one or more of the preceding three claims, wherein the home control unit for each consumer proceeds in the following order, a. If the consumption curve was entered manually for the consumer, this is used as start value. b. If the consumer's power consumption is reported to the house control unit itself, then the consumption curve is determined at regular intervals on the basis of this c. If available, the central database is queried according to the consumption curve for each unused power consumption and consumer. d. If no entry exists in the central database, the databases of the manufacturers are queried individually according to the consumption characteristics. e. If no consumption curve is to be determined via point a) -d), the device is initially set to the initial determination in the ON and then in the OFF state, from which the power consumption is determined by differential measurement, these states also manually by a user or, if the consumers are controllable by the home control system, can also be provided via this. The system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the consumer is connected via a field bus and / or network, such as Ethernet, WLAN, Bluetooth or KNX with the home control unit. The system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the home controller provides statistical information about future power consumption and / or the detection of consumers with abnormal or high power consumption. The system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the home control unit is designed to use an identical device or its characteristics for simulating the power consumption of the failed device in case of failure of a device that communicates its own power consumption.

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