DE102012023344A1 - Device and method useful for X-ray fluorescence analysis of contrast agent dispersion, comprises an X-ray source, a beam collimator, a radial arrangement of collimator blades and an X-ray detector - Google Patents
Device and method useful for X-ray fluorescence analysis of contrast agent dispersion, comprises an X-ray source, a beam collimator, a radial arrangement of collimator blades and an X-ray detector Download PDFInfo
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- DE102012023344A1 DE102012023344A1 DE201210023344 DE102012023344A DE102012023344A1 DE 102012023344 A1 DE102012023344 A1 DE 102012023344A1 DE 201210023344 DE201210023344 DE 201210023344 DE 102012023344 A DE102012023344 A DE 102012023344A DE 102012023344 A1 DE102012023344 A1 DE 102012023344A1
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- contrast agent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
- A61K49/0433—X-ray contrast preparations containing an organic halogenated X-ray contrast-enhancing agent
- A61K49/0438—Organic X-ray contrast-enhancing agent comprising an iodinated group or an iodine atom, e.g. iopamidol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4291—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the detector being combined with a grid or grating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/485—Diagnostic techniques involving fluorescence X-ray imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/076—X-ray fluorescence
Abstract
Description
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse von Kontrastmittelverteilungen.Apparatus and method for X-ray fluorescence analysis of contrast agent distributions.
Die Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse findet breite Anwendung in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung, wobei in der Regel die relativ niederenergetische K-Fluoreszenz-Emission von Elementen mit niedriger Ordnungszahl oder die L-Fluoreszenz-Emission von Elementen mit hoher Ordnungszahl verwendet wird.X-ray fluorescence analysis is widely used in nondestructive testing, typically employing the relatively low energy K fluorescence emission of low atomic number elements or the L fluorescence emission of high atomic number elements.
Um eine Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse von Kontrastmittelverteilungen in größeren Objekten wie zum Beispiel dem menschlichen Körper dosiseffizient durchzuführen, muss dagegen die energetisch höher liegende K-Fluoreszenz-Emission von Elementen mit hoher Ordnungszahl verwendet werden, da Röntgenstrahlen mit geringerer Energie zu stark absorbiert werden. Die Nutzung der K-Fluoreszenz-Emission zur Werkstoffprüfung auf Elemente hoher Ordnungszahl ist zum Beispiel nach
Die Bestimmung der Kontrastmittelverteilung nach diesem Verfahren wirft jedoch zwei Probleme auf. Das erste Problem besteht darin, dass für größere Objekte ein nicht unerheblicher Anteil der einfallenden Röntgenstrahlen durch den Compton-Effekt inkohärent gestreut wird und die Fluoreszenzlinien im Spektrum überlagert, so dass ein genaues und dosiseffizientes energieaufgelöstes Messen der sekundären durch Röntgenfluoreszenz entstehenden Strahlung durch die störende Streustrahlung erschwert oder verhindert wird.The determination of the contrast agent distribution according to this method, however, poses two problems. The first problem is that for larger objects, a significant portion of the incident X-rays is incoherently scattered by the Compton effect and the fluorescence lines superimposed in the spectrum, so that an accurate and dose-efficient energy-resolved measurement of secondary radiation by X-ray fluorescence by the disturbing scattered radiation difficult or prevented.
Das zweite Problem besteht darin, dass die Abdeckung eines großen Raumwinkelbereichs mit energieauflösenden Detektoren problematisch ist, da existierende Detektoren mit einer hinreichend feinen Energieauflösung nur eine relativ kleine aktive Fläche besitzen.The second problem is that the coverage of a large solid angle range with energy resolving detectors is problematic because existing detectors with a sufficiently fine energy resolution have only a relatively small active area.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die von einem bestrahlten Kontrastmittel bzw. einer molekularen Sonde ausgehende durch Röntgenfluoreszenz entstehende Röntgenstrahlung von den, unter Umständen, mehrfach Compton-gestreuten Röntgenstrahlen, die im Spektrum nahe bei der K-Fluoreszenzenergie liegen, zu trennen und die dadurch spektral von den einfach gestreuten Röntgenstrahlen getrennte Fluoreszenz-Röntgenstrahlung in einem relativ großen Raumwinkelbereich selektiv energieaufgelöst zu detektieren. Dadurch soll es ermöglicht werden, Kontrastmittelverteilungen bzw. molekulare Sonden in größeren Objekten, wie zum Beispiel dem menschlichen Körper in der medizinischen Diagnostik, dosiseffizienter und in kleineren Konzentrationen als bisher möglich zu detektieren und zur Bildgebung der Kontrastmittelverteilung zu nutzen.The invention is therefore based on the object emanating from an irradiated contrast agent or a molecular probe outgoing by X-ray fluorescence from the, under circumstances, multiple Compton-scattered X-rays, which lie in the spectrum close to the K fluorescence energy, and the thereby spectrally selectively detected by the single scattered X-rays fluorescence X-ray radiation in a relatively large solid angle range energy resolved. This should make it possible to detect contrast agent distributions or molecular probes in larger objects, such as the human body in medical diagnostics, more dose-efficient and in smaller concentrations than previously possible and to use for imaging the contrast agent distribution.
Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 8.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a device according to
Die Erfindung ist insbesonders anwendbar in der medizinischen Diagnostik, in der es dadurch ermöglicht wird, eine sehr kleine Konzentration von Kontrastmitteln, die Elemente mit einer hohen Ordnungszahl, wie beispielsweise Jod, Gold oder Gadolinium enthalten, zu detektieren. Dies ermöglicht Verfahren, bei denen molekulare Sonden wie zum Beispiel an Antikörper gebundene Gold-Nanopartikel oder bestimmte in der Nuklearmedizin verwendete jodhaltige, am Stoffwechsel teilnehmende Substanzen, sogenannte tracer, zum Einsatz kommen. Die auf einer Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse basierende Detektion dieser Kontrastmittel hat dabei im Gegensatz zu den bisher verwendeten Methoden den Vorteil eines relativ einfachen und kostengünstigen Aufbaus und deren Durchführung erfordert im Gegensatz zu nuklearmedizinischen Methoden keinen Einsatz von Radionukliden und es ist darüber hinaus im Prinzip möglich, eine bessere Ortsauflösung der Darstellung der Kontrastmittelverteilung zu erreichen.The invention is particularly applicable in medical diagnostics, thereby making it possible to detect a very small concentration of contrast agents containing high atomic number elements such as iodine, gold or gadolinium. This allows for methods employing molecular probes such as antibody-bound gold nanoparticles or certain iodine-containing, metabolic-derived substances known as tracers used in nuclear medicine. The detection of these contrast agents based on an X-ray fluorescence analysis has the advantage of a relatively simple and cost-effective construction and their implementation requires in contrast to nuclear medicine methods no use of radionuclides and it is also possible in principle, a better spatial resolution to achieve the representation of the contrast agent distribution.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im Folgenden beschrieben.An embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will be described below.
Wie in
Entlang dieses Strahls, der ein Objekt (
Dies hat zur Folge, dass nach Durchlaufen der Kollimatorlamellen (
Eine Variante der Erfindung sieht weiterhin vor, dass die selektive Detektion der Fluoreszenz-Röntgenstrahlung und deren Separation von der einfach inkohärent gestreuten Röntgenstrahlung nach Anspruch 1 durch Reflektion an einer Anordnung von Kristallschichten (
Die reflektierte Röntgenstrahlung kann unter Verwendung eines einfachen großflächigen Röntgendetektors (
Eine andere Variante der Erfindung sieht nach Anspruch 5 vor, dass anstatt der Anordnung von Kristallschichten eine hinreichend große Anzahl an Detektoren verwendet wird, die es erlauben, eine Energieschwelle oberhalb der Fluoreszenzenergie zu setzen, ab der keine Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden. Diese Detektoren müssen dabei keinerlei Ortsauflösung besitzen.Another variant of the invention according to
Nach dem in Anspruch 8 genannten Verfahren wird ein Bild der Kontrastmittelverteilung erstellt, indem die Vorrichtung in der in
Besonders dosiseffizient ist die nach Anspruch 1 beschriebene Vorrichtung, wenn wie nach Anspruch 9 eine aus
Nach Anspruch 10 lässt sich zusätzlich zu der in Anspruch 1 beschriebenen Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse auch die transmittierte Primärstrahlung mit einem weiteren Detektor (
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 000002046606 A [0003] DE 000002046606 A [0003]
- DE 102004039048 A1 [0003] DE 102004039048 A1 [0003]
- DE 102008062971 A1 [0019] DE 102008062971 A1 [0019]
- EP 000001745682 B1 [0019] EP 000001745682 B1 [0019]
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DE201210023344 DE102012023344A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | Device and method useful for X-ray fluorescence analysis of contrast agent dispersion, comprises an X-ray source, a beam collimator, a radial arrangement of collimator blades and an X-ray detector |
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DE201210023344 DE102012023344A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | Device and method useful for X-ray fluorescence analysis of contrast agent dispersion, comprises an X-ray source, a beam collimator, a radial arrangement of collimator blades and an X-ray detector |
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DE102012023344A1 true DE102012023344A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
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DE201210023344 Withdrawn DE102012023344A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | Device and method useful for X-ray fluorescence analysis of contrast agent dispersion, comprises an X-ray source, a beam collimator, a radial arrangement of collimator blades and an X-ray detector |
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Cited By (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20150355116A1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-10 | Fenno-Aurum Oy | Wavelength dispersive crystal spectrometer, a xray fluorescence device and a method therein |
DE102017003517A1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-11 | Universität Hamburg | Method and measuring device for X-ray fluorescence measurement |
Citations (4)
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DE2046606A1 (en) | 1970-09-22 | 1972-03-23 | Siemens Ag | X-ray fluorescence analysis - using germanium (lithium) detector for non dispersive k-fluorescence analysis |
DE102004039048A1 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Method and apparatus for molecular imaging with a molecular probe |
DE102008062971A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-07-01 | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität | Undulator for use as x-ray source in table-top free-electron laser, has quadrupole lenses whose magnetic axis is arranged about preset distance to form undulator field that emits undulator radiation to charged particle beam |
EP1745682B1 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2012-10-17 | Lyncean Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for high flux, compact compton x-ray source |
-
2012
- 2012-11-29 DE DE201210023344 patent/DE102012023344A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2046606A1 (en) | 1970-09-22 | 1972-03-23 | Siemens Ag | X-ray fluorescence analysis - using germanium (lithium) detector for non dispersive k-fluorescence analysis |
EP1745682B1 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2012-10-17 | Lyncean Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for high flux, compact compton x-ray source |
DE102004039048A1 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Method and apparatus for molecular imaging with a molecular probe |
DE102008062971A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-07-01 | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität | Undulator for use as x-ray source in table-top free-electron laser, has quadrupole lenses whose magnetic axis is arranged about preset distance to form undulator field that emits undulator radiation to charged particle beam |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150355116A1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-10 | Fenno-Aurum Oy | Wavelength dispersive crystal spectrometer, a xray fluorescence device and a method therein |
DE102017003517A1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-11 | Universität Hamburg | Method and measuring device for X-ray fluorescence measurement |
WO2018189051A1 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-18 | Universität Hamburg | Method and measuring apparatus for an x-ray fluorescence measurement |
KR20200002902A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2020-01-08 | 악시옴 인사이츠 게엠베하 | Method and measuring device for X-ray fluorescence measurement |
CN110869753A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2020-03-06 | 艾希姆因赛特有限公司 | Method and measuring device for X-ray fluorescence measurement |
US20200155088A1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2020-05-21 | Axiom Insights Gmbh | Method and measuring apparatus for an x-ray fluorescence measurement |
JP2020516915A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2020-06-11 | アクシオム・インサイツ・ゲーエムベーハー | Method and measuring device for X-ray fluorescence measurement |
CN110869753B (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2022-07-26 | 艾希姆因赛特有限公司 | Method and measuring device for X-ray fluorescence measurement |
US11583237B2 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2023-02-21 | Axiom Insights Gmbh | Method and measuring apparatus for an X-ray fluorescence measurement |
KR102515317B1 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2023-03-29 | 악시옴 인사이츠 게엠베하 | Method and measuring device for measuring X-ray fluorescence |
IL269909B1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2023-11-01 | Axiom Insights Gmbh | Method and measuring apparatus for an x-ray fluorescence measurement |
JP7440406B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2024-02-28 | アクシオム・インサイツ・ゲーエムベーハー | Method and measuring device for X-ray fluorescence measurement |
IL269909B2 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2024-03-01 | Axiom Insights Gmbh | Method and measuring apparatus for an x-ray fluorescence measurement |
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