DE102012023176A1 - Device useful for pyrolytic processing of waste material of polymeric material, comprises hermetically closable reactor comprising receiving space, side wall and base, heating device for heating the reactor, and transport device - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for pyrolytic processing of waste material of polymeric material, preferably scrap tires comprises a hermetically closable reactor (2) as a batch furnace comprising a receiving space (4) for receiving the material, which is to be operated, a side wall (6) and a base (8), a heating device (10) for heating the reactor and the waste materials present in the reactor in an operating position, and a transport device for transporting the reactor between the operating position, a discharge position and a non operating position. The base of the reactor comprises at least one protrusion. Device for pyrolytic processing of waste material of polymeric material, preferably scrap tires comprises a hermetically closable reactor (2) as a batch furnace comprising a receiving space (4) for receiving the material, which is to be operated, a side wall (6) and a base (8), a heating device (10) for heating the reactor and the waste materials present in the reactor in an operating position, and a transport device for transporting the reactor between the operating position, a discharge position and a non operating position. The base of the reactor comprises at least one protrusion, which extends in the vertical direction in the receiving chamber. The heating device comprises a heating element, which extends in the operating position of the reactor to the protrusion. An independent claim is also included for pyrolytic processing of waste material of polymeric material, preferably scrap tires in reactor comprising heating the reactor with the heating device, where (a) the reactor is transportable between the operating position, the discharge position and the non operating position, (b) the reactor is heated over the protrusion present in the bottom of the reactor, (c) the reactor is heated with the heating device at a pyrolysis process to >= 580[deg] C, (d) the minimum heating temperature is maintained for a time interval, and the controllable vacuum is adjusted in the receiving space by means of a suction device during this time interval, (e) the controllable vacuum is held at least over a part of the time of a batch barrel, and (f) the reactor is moved from the operating position to the discharge position after completion of the pyrolysis process and is emptied by tipping movement of the reactor led by a tilting device.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for pyrolytic processing of waste materials from polymeric material, in particular scrap tires, with a hermetically sealed reactor as a batch furnace, which has a receiving space for receiving the material to be worked up, a side wall and a bottom, a heating device for heating the reactor and the waste therein in the operating position and a transport device for transporting the reactor between an operating position, a discharge position and a non-operating position.

From the Scriptures DE 100 15 721 For example, a device for the dry distillation of waste rubber is known in which a plurality of inner containers are used for a batch run in an outer container. The heating elements are located on the inside of the side walls of the outer container. For better circulation of heat, the inner containers are provided with a perforated metal jacket. The temperatures at which the system should be operated at maximum, are at 500 ° C.

Depending on which end product is to be produced with priority by the pyrolytic process, it is possible to set the temperature and vacuum ratios differently. So far, the primary goal has been to produce gases and oils with pyrolysis. But it is also possible to produce carbon black and carbon by means of the pyrolytic process. For this, however, temperatures are required which are higher than those temperatures with which the previously known device is operable.

It has been found that the heat in the aforementioned device within the outer and inner containers only very hesitant and unevenly distributed and therefore the waste rubber must remain longer in the outer container until the entire waste rubber is completely implemented by the applied heat. This is particularly detrimental to the high temperatures in the reactor which are required to produce a larger proportion of soot from the waste rubber batch.

Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to improve the heat distribution within the outer and inner containers of a device, resulting in a faster and more uniform heating of the batch of waste materials from polymeric material such as waste rubber and an improved process.

The object is achieved for a generic device by the bottom of the reactor has at least one protuberance, which projects into the receiving space in a vertical direction, and the heating device has a heating element which projects into the protuberance in the operating position of the reactor.

By one or more protuberances in the soil and the active heating of the protuberance, it is possible to introduce the heat not only from the outside, but also from the inside into the reactor. The surface of the reactor, which can be heated directly by heating elements, is considerably increased by the protuberance and its heating. The heat increase in the batch of waste materials that are in the reactor is faster and more uniform, the delayed heating from outside to inside with only the outer peripheral and / or lower heating elements is greatly improved. The pyrolytic reaction of the polymer material in the reactor is faster and more uniform, the temperature level in the reactor is more precisely adjustable and can be better controlled by the control of the heater.

The object is achieved for a generic method by the reactor is at least heated by a located in the bottom of the reactor protuberance, which protrudes in the vertical direction in the receiving space, the heater has a heating element which protrudes in the operating position of the reactor in the protuberance and the reactor is heated to at least 580 ° C or more by the pyrolysis heater, maintaining this minimum temperature over a time interval, during this time interval in the receiving space, adjusting a controllable vacuum by means of a suction device and maintaining it for at least a portion of the time of a batch run is, the reactor spent after completion of the pyrolysis process from the operating position to the emptying position and is emptied there by a tilting movement of the reactor executed by a tilting device.

By a pyrolysis operation at a temperature of at least 580 ° C or higher during a time interval in a controlled vacuum, it is possible to increase the soot accumulation significantly at the expense of the pyrolysis gas. Although there is still a pyrolysis gas of which a part condenses to oil in the subsequent cooling, but this proportion is smaller compared to the proportion of the prior art device to the temperatures disclosed therein. Again, the heated protuberance increases the uniform temperature rise within the reactor during the heating, and a target temperature can be maintained more accurately.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the shape of the protuberance of the reactor and the shape of the heating element correspond to each other at least partially positively. The positive adaptation of the shape of the protuberance and the heating element results in a particularly low-loss transmission of heat from the heating element to the wall of the protuberance and from there into the reactor and the material therein.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the reactor for a pyrolysis with the heater to an operating temperature of more than 580 ° C is heated.

At this high temperature level results in a higher compared to lower temperatures yield of carbon black and carbon.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device has a suction device connected to the reactor, with which in the operating position of the reactor in the reactor, a controllable vacuum is adjustable. By means of the suction device provided in particular for gases, it is possible to set and maintain a desired negative pressure during a batch run, even if gases from the polymeric material in the reactor during the pyrolysis process outgas the pressure conditions prevailing in the reactor. The gases emerging from the waste materials can be pumped from the suction device, cooled, condensed, collected and recycled.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the reactor has a tilting device, via which the reactor can be emptied by means of a tilting movement at the end of a batch run in the emptying position. By dumping the reactor at the end of the batch run this can be provided up to its fill level with a closed wall. Leaks and difficulties with fits of connecting parts of thermally highly stressed components are avoided in this way. Since at the end of a batch run only soot and metallic residues are in the reactor, a simple tipping out of the reactor is sufficient to empty it. The tilting out of the reactor is easy to perform with appropriate tipping devices and technical aids, even if the container and its contents should not be completely cooled.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device has a separating device with at least one motor-driven vibrating screen and a magnet associated with the vibrating screen. The separating device is arranged downstream of the tilting device in the crop flow. In the separating device, the soot components can be detached and separated in particular from metallic residues. While the soot may fall through the vibrating screen to a collecting device located underneath, the larger metallic residues remain on the vibrating screen and / or are lifted off the vibrating screen by the magnet. The vibrating screen can also replace soot clumps adhering to metallic residues so that the vibrating screen increases the soot yield.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device has a mill for crushing the pyrolysis product, which is arranged downstream of the vibrating screen in the crop flow. By directly comminuting the pyrolysis product, the uniformity of the particles and thus the quality of the producible powder is increased.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mill has a comminution device with which the pyrolysis product can be comminuted to a preselectable particle size, which is preferably between 0.001 and 40 microns. Due to the additional comminution device, the fineness of the producible powder is additionally increased.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device has a Perliervorrichtung, which is integrated into the mill or downstream of the mill in the crop flow. By the Perliervorrichtung the ground or crushed pyrolysis product is agglomerated and despite its fineness free flowing, since the powder in its beaded form no longer dust as easily as in the loose form.

According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the pyrolysis material is conveyed after tilting out of the reactor onto a separating device arranged downstream of the tilting device in the direction of flow of the material, with at least one driven vibrating screen. By Rüttelsieb a separation of the various fractions contained in the pyrolysis, such as coal and metal components, which may still partially adhere to each other possible.

According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the pyrolysis product is ground after passing through the separating device in a mill downstream of the separating device to form particles having a particle size of at most 40 microns. By grinding a special fineness of the carbon powder is achieved.

According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the ground particles are fed to a piercing device after passing through the mill. The carbonation of the carbon powder makes it pourable and free-flowing, without releasing significant amounts of dust.

It is expressly understood that the various embodiments described above may each be implemented individually or in any combination with the other embodiments of the invention as defined in the independent claims.

Further modifications and refinements can be taken from the following description and the drawings.

The invention will now be described with reference to an embodiment. Show it:

1 FIG. 2: a sectional view of a reactor in a furnace housing with a connected gas cooling, FIG.

2 a separating device with a downstream mill, and

3 : a dust filter, a Perliervorrichtung and a finished silo.

In 1 is a reactor 2 shown in an operating position, a recording room 4 having. The recording room 4 is to the sides of side walls 6 and down through a floor 8th limited. The reactor 2 is in a furnace housing 12 set in the heaters 10 are arranged. The heaters 10 are located on the side walls of the oven housing 12 , but also in the ground area.

The reactor 2 is filled for a batch run with a waste material of a polymeric material, such as used tires. Used tires are made of raw material in a special way, because they accumulate in large quantities as waste and contain a high proportion of polymeric material. However, other raw materials can be processed with a sufficiently large proportion of polymeric material.

Then the reactor 2 with the lid 14 and the oven housing 12 with the lock 16 locked. The lid 14 closes the reactor in its closed position 2 airtight, so that during a pyrolysis process, no air in the receiving space 4 of the reactor 2 can penetrate. The airtight finish of the recording room 4 for a batch run is important to allow the pyrolytic conversion of the polymers contained in the waste. Through the closure 16 During a pyrolysis process, it avoids unnecessarily much heat from the oven housing 12 can escape. Due to the closeability of the oven housing 12 can the reactor 2 be heated to an operating temperature of 500 ° C and higher during a batch run in a relatively short time and kept at a temperature level reached with less energy.

A help, the reactor 2 To heat up as quickly as possible to its working temperature, provides the protuberance 18 that is in the recording room 4 of the reactor 2 protrudes. By the protuberance 18 is the inner surface of the soil 8th of the reactor 2 considerably enlarged. By the protuberance 18 Must be from the heater 10 generated heat not only from the outer sidewalls 6 of the reactor 2 penetrate inward, but the heat can also from the inside out of the protuberance 18 out to the outside and up in the recording room 4 spread. The heat propagation from the inside is supported when in the hollow shape of the protuberance 18 also a heater 10 is arranged, in particular, when the external shape is adapted to the shape of the protuberance. The warming of the recording room 4 is then about half of the otherwise without a protuberance 18 shortened time required. Due to the rapid and more uniform heating, the pyrolysis in the waste material of a polymeric material is more homogeneous, so that the finished product is completely chemically converted without additional time.

The reactor 2 is with a drawing device not shown transport device such as a crane after the completion of the batch run from the oven housing 12 removable. Because of the protuberance 18 the reactor must 2 first raised before moving sideways from the oven housing 12 can be transported away. It can be immediately a new reactor 2 for a new batch run in the oven housing 12 be used in the operating position, so that the oven housing 12 does not cool strongly.

During the pyrolysis process during a batch run, some of the polymer chains that are in the waste become gaseous and leave the reactor 2 through the suction tube 26 , To the suction tube 26 is a pump 22 connected the gas from the reactor 2 sucks to create a vacuum in it. Due to the vacuum, the oxygen content in the air, which is still in the receiving space during a batch run 4 is located, significantly reduced or completely removed. Due to the lack of oxygen, the polymeric constituents in the waste material do not burn, but at sufficiently high temperatures above 580 ° C., in particular, they transform into carbon black molecules which have a very high carbon content.

In the system heat exchangers may be present, in which waste heat is recovered and returned to the process as energy. The gases produced during pyrolysis can be burned in a gas engine in order to generate electrical power Generate energy for the heater. The resulting from the pyrolysis exhaust gases can be desulfurized in a desulfurization, which can form an integral part of the entire system.

The polymer chains, acting as gas from the receiving space 4 over the suction tube 26 can be sucked out, in the cooler 20 , Which in the embodiment has a number of cooling tubes, condense to oil fractions and in separate tanks 24 collected and stored. The waste heat obtained in the cooling device can be collected as process energy and used in the device, for example, for heating ready reactors or the waste to be processed.

After a batch run in the oven housing 12 can the reactor 2 be emptied. For this he is placed in a emptying position, which in the 2 is not shown in the drawing. The emptying position is located above the separating device 30 , The pyrolyzed waste material is in the emptying position of the reactor 2 in one in the separating device 30 located funnel 32 tilted. The emptied reactor 2 can then be moved to a non-operating position, in which he waits after refilling for the next batch run.

In the separating device 30 the coal drosses produced in the pyrolysis process are separated from the remaining components from the pyrolized waste fraction. From the funnel 32 From the pyrolyzed waste enters the effective range of a crushing roller 34 which mechanically breaks up the coarse particles of the pyrolyzed waste. Especially with used tires as pyrolyzed waste material, the problem arises that pyrolyzed coal dryers can still adhere to the steel wires of the tires. Due to the mechanical forces of the crushing roller 34 The coal dice burst from the steel wires, come off and fall down. Below the crushing roller 34 can be arranged a drawing device not shown gripping device that detects the longer steel wires with a rotary motion and stores in a separate collection device. The coal slurries of the pyrolyzed polymeric material fall on to under the crushing roller 34 arranged vibrating screen through which the coal solids are further crushed and separated from the shorter steel wire remnants. In 2 is just a conveyor belt 36 shown, instead of or in addition to the conveyor belt 36 can also be provided a separate vibrating screen. The vibrating screen and / or the conveyor belt 36 can also be multi-level.

In the area of the vibrating screen and / or the conveyor belt 36 is a magnet 38 provided with the magnetic components can be removed from the crop flow of coal dry and discharged separately. It is possible to use other or different separation techniques, such as air classifiers, step sieves or the like. The selection and arrangement of the particular separation technique used depends in particular on the type of waste used and the material fractions contained therein. From the separating device 30 fall the separated from steel remnants and / or other Gutfraktionen coal dross in a feederhouse 40 who in 2 is designed as a screw conveyor.

The feederhouse 40 transports the coal drought into a mill 42 for grinding the pyrolysis product. In the mill 42 The feed coal minerals are comminuted to a fine dust with a particle size of 0.001-40 microns. The desired particle size is in the mill 42 and the separator 44 adjustable to a desired level. The smaller the particles are ground, the more valuable is the carbon black which is produced by the method according to the invention. In the mill 42 there is an additional separator 44 which transfers the finely ground particles to an air stream. Those particles which do not yet have sufficient fineness are separated from the separator 44 in the mill 42 in which they are ground again. This circulation is repeated until the particles have a sufficient fineness. A stream of air blows the sufficiently fine particles into a cyclone filter 46 in which the fine particles are deposited, collected and delivered via a bottom-side cyclone outlet 50 be carried away. The air flow sucked into the cyclone filter leaves the cyclone filter 46 via a central suction tube 48 ,

The suction tube 48 flows into a 3 shown filter space 52 , in the fleece or textile filter 54 are arranged with a very small mesh size, which still the air flow from the cyclone filter 46 withheld entrained fine particles, leaving the filter room 52 in a suction fan 56 flowing exhaust air is sufficiently cleaned of fine particles. By a sufficient dimensioning of the filter chamber 52 and a sufficiently large surface of the nonwoven or textile filter 54 so low flow rates of air flow through the fleece or textile filter result 54 that the fleece or textile filters 54 can occasionally be knocked off, with the adhering fine particles fall down without being taken back by the air flow. About a conveyor 58 The waste fine particles can the good flow in the cyclone filter 46 deposited particles are supplied. To avoid wind backflow, the mouth of the conveyor 58 in the transport device 60 via one or more rotating valves 62 to be secured.

With the transport device 60 the fine particles become a piercing device 64 promoted. In the Perliervorrichtung 64 The fine particles are processed by agglomeration into small beads in a size of 2-5 mm. About a transfer device 66 the pearls are put into the storage bunker 68 promoted. From there, the finished beads can be packed and delivered.

The above embodiment is only illustrative of an embodiment of the invention. The invention is not limited to the above embodiment. It is not difficult for a person skilled in the art to modify the exemplary embodiment in a manner that seems suitable for him and to adapt it to a specific application, as far as it seems expedient.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10015721 [0002]

Claims (13)

Device for the pyrolytic processing of waste materials from polymeric material, in particular old tires, with an airtight sealable reactor ( 2 ) as a batch oven, which has a receiving space ( 4 ) for receiving the material to be worked up, a side wall ( 6 ) and a floor ( 8th ), a heating device ( 10 ) for heating the reactor ( 2 ) and the waste therein in the operating position and a transport device for transporting the reactor ( 2 ) between an operating position, a discharge position and a non-operating position, characterized in that the bottom ( 8th ) of the reactor ( 2 ) at least one protuberance ( 18 ) which protrudes in the vertical direction into the receiving space, and the heating device has a heating element, which in the operating position of the reactor ( 2 ) in the protuberance ( 18 ) protrudes. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the protuberance ( 18 ) of the reactor ( 2 ) and the shape of the heating element correspond to each other at least partially positively. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reactor ( 2 ) for a pyrolysis operation with the heating device ( 10 ) is heatable to an operating temperature of more than 580 ° C. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device a to the reactor ( 2 ) connected to the suction device, in the operating position of the reactor ( 2 ) in the reactor ( 2 ) An adjustable vacuum is adjustable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor ( 2 ) has a tilting device, over which the reactor ( 2 ) is emptied by means of a tilting movement at the end of a batch run in the emptying position. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has a separating device ( 30 ) with at least one motor-driven vibrating screen and the vibrating screen associated magnet ( 38 ) having. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is a mill ( 42 ) for crushing the pyrolysis product, which is arranged downstream of the vibrating screen in the crop flow. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the mill comprises a crushing device, with which the pyrolysis product is comminuted to a preselectable particle size, which is preferably between 0.001 and 40 microns. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises a piercing device ( 64 ), which enters the mill ( 42 ) or the mill ( 42 ) is subordinate in the crop flow. Process for the pyrolytic treatment of waste materials from polymeric material, in particular used tires, in an airtight sealable reactor ( 2 ) as a batch oven with a receiving space ( 4 ) for receiving the material to be worked up, wherein the reactor ( 2 ) a side wall ( 6 ) and a floor ( 8th ) and the reactor ( 2 ) is transportable between an operating position, an emptying position and a non-operating position, and the reactor ( 2 ) with a heating device ( 10 ), characterized in that the reactor ( 2 ) at least one in the ground ( 8th ) of the reactor ( 2 ) protuberance ( 18 ) is heated in the vertical direction in the receiving space ( 4 ), the heating device ( 10 ) has a heating element which in the operating position of the reactor ( 2 ) in the protuberance ( 18 ) and the reactor ( 2 ) with the heating device ( 10 ) is heated to at least 580 ° C. or more for a pyrolysis operation, this minimum temperature being maintained over a time interval during this time interval in the receiving space ( 4 ) a controllable vacuum is adjusted by means of a suction device and kept at least for a part of the time of a batch run, the reactor ( 2 ) after completion of the pyrolysis process from the operating position in the emptying position and there by a tilting movement of the reactor executed by a tilting device ( 2 ) is emptied. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the pyrolysis after tilting out of the reactor ( 2 ) on a tipping device in Gutflussrichtung downstream separating ( 30 ) is conveyed with at least one driven vibrating screen. A method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the pyrolysis after passing through the separating device ( 30 ) in one of the separating device ( 30 ) downstream mill ( 42 ) is ground into particles with a maximum particle size of 40 microns. Method according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the ground particles after passing through the mill ( 42 ) a Perliervorrichtung ( 64 ).

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