DE102012016909B3 - Apparatus for heating near-surface layers of sites and methods for their operation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for heating near-surface layers on sports grounds and a method for their operation. The object of the invention to provide a device for heating near-surface layers, which allows a fast, short-term heating places, such as. Football, athletics, golf and riding, to use these even in snow and / or ground frost is possible, is achieved in that the device consists of a supply unit and a Vorteilungseinheit, wherein the supply unit comprises a Lufterwärmungseinheit from at least one heat exchanger with upstream compressed air source and supply lines and the distribution unit a supporting layer (1), a ventilation structure (2) Separating layer (3) and a cover layer (4), wherein the supply unit via the supply lines is gas-conductively connected to the distribution unit, wherein the ventilation structure (2) has a load-bearing, trench, lattice or honeycomb-shaped construction (21) with spacious Luftleitwegen (22 ) as well as distance is (23), wherein the Luftleitwege (22) are flowed through the supply lines from the supply unit with heated air and cooled air via the supply lines to the supply unit is traceable back, the ventilation structure (2) with their spacers (23) on the supporting layer (1), in the ventilation structure (2) fans (24) are arranged, by means of which heated air redistributable and cooled air to supply unit is traceable, the separating layer (3) on the ventilation structure (2) and is supported by this and the cover layer (4) lies on and is supported by the release layer (3).

Description

The present invention relates to a device for heating near-surface layers of places according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 8.

Currently, football and athletics courts as well as other places (sidewalks, streets or planting areas) are partly heated using metal or plastic pipe systems (so-called lawn or space heating ").

The pipe systems carry liquid or gaseous substances as heat transfer medium or are electrically heated.

1. Plastic or metal pipes that carry warm water (liquids):

The DE 199 01 323 A1 discloses the interaction and combination of the two systems "underfloor heating and underfloor irrigation" for planted soils, especially for sports turf.

In this technical solution, heating pipes and irrigation hoses are combined in one and the same body. Warm water and irrigation water can be conducted through these hoses, so that during prolonged periods of frost without precipitation, the soil bodies can be heated and irrigated at the same time, so that the turf roots do not dry up.

According to DE 199 01 323 A1 In addition, porous hoses laid in the body of the floor can be used in addition to the irrigation and fertilization through these hoses to provide ventilation, fumigation and CO ₂ supply of the lawn in closed sports arenas.

This technical solution has the disadvantage that it is not efficient in the use of energy due to the necessary heat storage in liquids and thermal inertia and the heating of the surface to be heated constantly takes considerable time, d. H. can not be done on short notice. In addition, the liquid heat transfer medium must be mixed with antifreeze and, if necessary, anticorrosive agent in order to prevent the pipes from freezing in the event of frost during operation and possibly rusting.

2. Plastic or metal pipes which are electrically heated:

From the DE 19 43 007 A is a sheet for electric heating of artificial turf, tarpaulins, wall and ceiling fabrics, floor coverings, carpets, floor storage heaters, pipes and clothing is known in which an artificial turf can be heated by lamination to an electrically heatable fabric with normal voltage of 220 volts, so that, for example The artificial turf can be kept snow-free and ice-free in winter.

From the DE 25 03 196 A1 an arrangement for heating of open spaces by means of heating wires is known, which are arranged in a sheet-like laid plastic tube, wherein the plastic tube forming the fluidic heating circuit is provided in the region of the free surface to be heated with a heating wire and is simultaneously connected to the hot water tank of the central house line and so two separable heating circuits are formed, which is associated with a common timing device.

A disadvantage of these two technical solutions is that large amounts of electrical energy are needed, which usually have to be removed from the central power grid (which is associated with high costs), and that no thermal utilization of residues, such as horse manure, on site for Heating the surfaces is possible.

3. Plastic or metal pipes into which warm air is passed:

From the generic DE 299 03 998 U1 is a device for heating a well below the root system of the growth-promoting plants in the soil laid pipeline network of rotting resistant gas-permeable pipes by means of injected air to promote the growth of plants in a ground area known, the fed air by means of at least one compressed air source in which an air heating unit is provided for the air fed into the pipeline network.

A disadvantage of this technical solution is that the tubes used must be permeable to gas, which leads to high production box, and that the tubes used must be installed with great effort to allow heating of the space to be heated.

The DE 44 26 640 A1 discloses a plastic pipe mat for cooling / heating and / or heat exchange, consisting of a number of spaced parallel flexible plastic pipes of small cross-section, which are connected at their ends with a manifold, wherein the manifold is a connection part, which as a plastic injection molded part with a used quick coupling part is formed, wherein the Connecting part is arranged and designed such that it has a low flow resistance, that it does not adversely affect the efficiency of the plastic pipe mat and that the height of the plastic pipe mat is not increased and at the same time a high-quality welded joint between connector and manifold is guaranteed. The connecting part is axially welded to the manifold of the plastic mat, wherein the axes of the quick coupling part and the manifold form an angle of approximately 75 degrees and the axes of the core bore of the plastic injection molded part are arranged at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to each other.

This plastic tube mat reduces compared DE 299 03 998 U1 Although the laying effort, but also has the disadvantage that the mat must be permeable to gas, which continues to lead to high production costs.

The DE 87 05 635 U1 discloses a heater for a road superstructure, consisting of a burner, which is followed by an exhaust duct, emanating from the several branch channels, which open into a collecting channel, at the end of a suction fan is arranged.

In this technical solution, the burner exhaust gases are routed directly through the duct system, where they release their heat to the road superstructure, causing snow or ice to thaw.

Important for the function of this road heating is that in addition to the arranged at the beginning of the channel system burner, which regularly includes a fan, at the end of the duct system, a suction fan is arranged, otherwise no continuous flow in the duct system is maintained (ie the flames would otherwise hit back in the burner).

The street heating according to DE 87 05 635 U1 can be designed as a grid of interconnected steel pipes for installation in the top layer of a road superstructure. But it may also consist of a kit, which includes molded blocks with a continuous channel section, shaped blocks with an angular channel section and conglomerates with a T-shaped channel section, with continuous, elongated channels of the shaped blocks with a simple channel section and branches of the molded blocks with T formed-shaped channel section.

The advantage of this technical solution is that the exhaust duct is not gas-permeable, which compared to the solutions according to DE 299 03 998 U1 and DE 44 26 640 A1 leads to lower production costs.

The disadvantage of this solution, however, is that especially in sports fields that have no tar or bitumen blanket, there must be no gas leak in the exhaust duct, as would pass through such a leak, the harmful combustion exhaust gases through the lawn of the square through directly into the ambient air.

The invention is therefore based on the DE 299 03 998 U1 The object is to provide a device for heating near-surface soil layers and a method for their operation, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular a fast, short-term heating of places, such as football, athletics, golf and riding , allows to allow use of this even in case of snow and / or ground frost. The heating costs are kept as low as possible, liquids and raw systems in the space to be heated (no use of antifreeze and no costly installation of pipe systems) waived and the escape of harmful gases are excluded from the heated space.

This object is achieved by a device according to the first claim and a method for their operation according to the eighth claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subordinate claims.

The essence of the invention is that the device for heating near-surface layers of places consists of a supply unit and a distribution unit, wherein the supply unit comprises an air heating unit comprising at least one heat exchanger with upstream compressed air source and supply lines and the distribution unit has a supporting layer (= ground) , a ventilation structure, a release layer and a cover layer (= near-surface layer), and the supply unit is connected to the gas supply and discharge via the supply lines to the distribution unit as a closed system.

It is essential to the invention that the ventilation structure is a load-bearing, trench (ie several recesses extending parallel to one another, possibly interconnected), lattice or honeycomb construction with long-range air guide paths and spacers, wherein the air guide paths via the supply lines from the supply unit with heated air can be flowed through and the cooled air is traceable back via the supply lines to the supply unit, the ventilation structure stands with their spacers on the supporting layer (= ground).

It is furthermore essential to the invention that ventilators are arranged in the ventilation structure, by means of which heated air can be distributed in the ventilation structure and the cooled air can be returned to the supply unit and the separation layer is carried by the ventilation structure.

It is also advantageous that the cover layer (= near-surface layer) consists of a mixture of granular solids with a compact structure (eg sand) and solids with a porous structure (eg nonwoven) and is supported by the release layer.

Advantageously, the ventilation structure consists of longitudinal and transverse struts (for example of metal, plastic or wood), wherein the separating layer lies on the ventilation structure and carries the cover layer, so that a grid or honeycomb-like structure is formed, which leave free spacious air ducts of the ventilation structure.

The air permeability of the cover layer is adjustable by the air permeability of the cover layer can be increased by an increasing grain size and a uniform distribution of the sand and by an increasing fleece content (possibly also straw).

Advantageously, the ventilation structure can be surrounded, for example, at the connection points to the supply lines of the supply unit of control shafts.

In the context of a further embodiment of the invention is also that the ventilation structure is modularly composed of individual, prefabricated elements, so that a faster assembly and disassembly of the distribution unit is possible.

The method according to the invention for operating the device described above proceeds as follows:
From an oven fired by a burner, water is heated in a boiler and then fed to the heat exchanger. It can be burned in riding areas in an advantageous manner, for example. Horse manure to heat the water.

Through the heat exchanger supplied by a heat exchanger upstream compressed air source supplied air is heated and then introduced via the supply lines in the long-range Luftleitwege the ventilation structure and distributed by the fans in this.

The heated air, driven by the fans, flows along under the separating layer and heats the separating layer as well as the covering layer (= near-surface layer). The heated air can be introduced via a collection inlet or a plurality of inlets into the ventilation structure.

The cooled air is driven by the fans back to the compressed air source. The cooled air can be discharged via a collecting outlet or a plurality of outlets from the ventilation structure.

In this way, there is a closed air circuit between the supply and distribution unit, which constantly passes heated air under the separating layer, so that the covering layer lying above the separating layer is permanently heated.

The construction height of the ventilation structure is advantageously 50 to 200 mm, particularly advantageously 80 to 100 mm.

The advantage of this technical solution according to the invention lies in particular in the fact that the heat generated generates a warm air circulation, which leads very quickly and in the short term to heating of the near-surface layer to be heated.

Due to the closed system, which ensures a supply and return of the air below the separating layer and the top layer with simultaneous ventilation in freely definable Luftleitwegen and sections, a targeted guided hot air circulation can be generated in the range of 60 ° C and maintained.

A further advantage of the technical solution according to the invention is that waste products (such as horse manure) can be burned in the furnace fired by the burner, in order to generate the heat for the heat exchange decentrally on site, which is particularly advantageous when heating the device according to the invention Form of horse riding sports grounds is very meaningful.

An advantage of the modular design of the ventilation structure of individual prefabricated elements is that the ventilation structure can be assembled and disassembled quickly and quickly.

The invention is explained below with reference to the embodiment and the figure. Showing:

1 : A schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the distribution unit of the device according to the invention in cross section.

The in the 1 The distribution unit shown comprises a load-bearing layer ( 1 ), a ventilation structure ( 2 ), a release layer ( 3 ) and a cover layer ( 4 ), which are not in the 1 shown supply unit on which also not in the 1 shown supply lines (as supply and return of the air) is gas-conducting connected to the distribution unit, so that there is a closed circuit between the supply unit and distribution unit.

The ventilation structure ( 2 ) is a load-bearing, trench-like (ie, a plurality of mutually parallel, possibly interconnected recesses), grid or honeycomb construction ( 21 ) with long-range air routes ( 22 ) as well as spacers ( 23 ), wherein the air paths ( 22 ) through the supply lines from the supply unit with heated air can be flowed through, wherein the cooled air is returned to the supply unit (closed air circuit) and the ventilation structure ( 2 ) with their spacers ( 23 ) on the supporting layer ( 1 ) stands.

The ventilation structure ( 2 ) can be made of metal, plastic or wood.

In the ventilation structure ( 2 ) are fans ( 24 ), by means of which heated air in the Luftleitwegen ( 22 ) Distributable and the cooled air to the compressed air source of the supply unit is traceable.

The construction ( 21 ) of the ventilation structure ( 2 ) consists of longitudinal and transverse struts, so that a grid or honeycomb-like structure is formed, which the long-range Luftleitwege ( 22 ) leaving the release layer ( 3 ) on the ventilation structure ( 2 ) and the top layer ( 4 ) wearing.

The separating layer ( 3 ) is determined by the ventilation structure ( 2 ) and is made of rubber or plastic (eg in mat form).

The cover layer ( 4 ) consists of a mixture of granular solids with a compact structure and solids with a porous structure and is separated from the separating layer ( 3 ), wherein the cover layer ( 4 ) is, for example, a sand-fleece mixture or sand-straw mixture.

The air permeability of this top layer ( 4 ) is adjustable. Due to an increasing grain size and a uniform distribution of the sand and / or by an increasing fleece (or straw) share, the air permeability of the outer layer ( 4 ) can be increased.

The ventilation structure ( 2 ) can, for example, at the connection points to the supply lines of the supply unit of in the 1 be surrounded (eg, for auditing purposes) not shown control shafts.

The ventilation structure ( 2 ) can also be composed of modular prefabricated elements (not in 1 shown).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

wearing layer

2

ventilation structure

3

Interface

4

topcoat

21

construction

22

Luftleitwege

23

spacer

24

fans

Claims (8)

Apparatus for heating near-surface layers of sites comprising a supply unit and a distribution unit, the supply unit comprising an air heating unit comprising at least one heat exchanger with upstream compressed air source and supply lines and the distribution unit comprises a supporting layer ( 1 ), a ventilation structure ( 2 ), a release layer ( 3 ) as well as a cover layer ( 4 ), wherein the supply unit is connected in a gas-conducting manner to the distribution unit via the supply lines, characterized in that • the ventilation structure ( 2 ) a load-bearing, trench, grid or honeycomb construction ( 21 ) with long-range air routes ( 22 ) as well as spacers ( 23 ), the airways ( 22 ) through the supply lines from the supply unit ago with heated air can be flowed through and cooled air via the supply lines to the compressed air source of the supply unit can be traced back, • the ventilation structure ( 2 ) with their spacers ( 23 ) on the supporting layer ( 1 ), • in the ventilation structure ( 2 ) Fans ( 24 ), by means of which heated air can be redistributed and cooled air is traceable, 3 ) on the ventilation structure ( 2 ) and is supported by the latter and 4 ) on the release layer ( 3 ) and is supported by this. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction ( 21 ) of the ventilation structure ( 2 ) consists of longitudinal and transverse struts. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover layer ( 4 ) is a sand-fleece mixture or a sand-straw mixture. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating layer ( 3 ) consists of plastic or rubber. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation structure ( 2 ) consists of metal, plastic or wood. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation structure ( 2 ) is surrounded at the connection points to the supply lines of the supply unit of inspection shafts. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation structure ( 2 ) is modularly composed of individual prefabricated elements. Method for operating a device according to one of the preceding claims, in which Heated water from a furnace fired by a burner in a boiler and then conveyed into the heat exchanger, • the air supplied by the upstream compressed air source is heated by the heat exchanger, • The heated air is introduced via the supply lines in the long-distance air ducts of the ventilation structure and distributed by the fans in this and • the cooled air is returned through the fans to the source of compressed air to be reheated there so that a hot air circuit is generated in a closed system.

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