DE102012014710A1 - System for supplying power to building, has control unit is connected with photovoltaic generator and consumers, to supply electrical power to electricity main, power storage unit, electric heat-generating unit and heat storage unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The power supplying system has a photovoltaic generator (1), a control unit (2), a power storage unit (3), an electric heat-generating unit (4) and a heat storage unit (5). The control unit is connected with the photovoltaic generator and consumers, and is provided to supply electrical power to the building electricity main (6), power storage unit, electric heat-generating unit and heat storage unit. The heat storage unit is designed as the long term storage unit for heat carrier fluid, and is arranged outside of building. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a method for supplying power to building; and (2) a computer program for supplying power to building.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a system for powering a building, a use of the system for powering a building, a method for powering a building and a computer program with program code for carrying out the method. In this case, electrical energy is made available from a photovoltaic generator. The electrical energy is used to supply the building with electricity and converted into heat energy for a heating system and a service water system of the building and stored.

State of the art

Systems for supplying energy to a building with grid-connected photovoltaic generators with and without current short-time storage are known from the prior art. This will provide a self-sufficiency of 20 to 70 percent of a building's electricity needs. Excess electrical energy from the photovoltaic generator is fed into a public grid. Missing electrical energy is in turn sourced from there. A complete coverage of the electrical energy can not be achieved.

A further development of such a system includes an electric heat generating unit that converts excess and unnecessary electrical energy of the photovoltaic generator into heat energy and feeds it into a water buffer for service water or heating. However, a complete heat supply of the building is not achieved. This is from the WO 2010/047604 A2 a method and apparatus for converting solar power into heat energy known. Excess solar power is passed here in a power storage and drives at high charge of the power storage an energy converter for converting the electrical energy into heat energy, preferably a heat pump compressor. There is no indication of a total supply or a sufficiently dimensioned power storage and long-term heat storage.

Furthermore, thermal solar systems with short-term or long-term storage are known, which take over the heat supply of service water and partly also heating partly or wholly. However, these systems do not provide power to a building. In the DE 10 2010 024 681 A1 For this purpose, a self-sufficient energy supply system with a high-temperature solid-state heat storage is disclosed. However, solar energy is only converted into heat energy via an absorber.

Furthermore, against the background of falling feed-in tariffs in public networks, an economically sensible use of surplus electrical energy from photovoltaic modules in the prior art is not offered.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a system for supplying energy to a building, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved system for generating electrical energy and heat energy from a photovoltaic generator, the possible a large Part and at any time the need for electrical energy and thermal energy of a building covers. Furthermore, a building should ideally manage without additional energy supply.

This object is achieved by a system for powering a building with the features of claim 1, a use of the system for powering a building according to claim 11, a method for powering a building according to claim 12 and a computer program with program code for carrying out the method according to claim 16 solved. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Thereby, a system for powering a building, in which a control unit is connected to subsequent consumers and in which the electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic generator is forwarded in a fixed order, a use of the system for powering a building, a method for powering a building with the corresponding steps and a computer program with program code for carrying out the method, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. Furthermore, the system according to the invention is flexible and self-sufficient.

• – einen Photovoltaikgenerator,
• – eine Regeleinheit,
• – eine Stromspeichereinheit,
• – eine elektrische Wärmeerzeugungseinheit und
• – eine Wärmespeichereinheit.

For this purpose, a system for supplying energy to a building is provided according to the invention, which has the following:

• A photovoltaic generator,
• A control unit,
• A power storage unit,
• An electric heat generating unit and
• - a heat storage unit.

In this way, the object is achieved such that the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic generator via a control unit, which may have a built-in inverter, after a predetermined priority of the power storage unit and the electric heat generating unit is supplied. In the electric heat generating unit, the electric energy is converted into heat energy and also stored in the heat storage unit.

As an electrical heat generating unit, a variety of technologies, such. As a heating element, a heat pump, etc. are used. The photovoltaic generator can be arranged over a majority of a roof surface and / or a facade, attached to or on the building or placed on the property. Various technologies can be used for the power storage unit and the heat storage unit. As a power storage unit battery storage and / or chemical storage of different technologies can be used. The power storage unit may include an integrated charging unit. Also, as a heat storage unit z. As water and / or latent heat storage can be used, with latent heat storage require less storage space and are thus space-saving. By balancing the energy difference between the energy supply from the photovoltaic system and the energy requirements of the building and buffering the necessary energy, 100% of the electricity and heat demand can be provided by this system at any time without additional energy being supplied to the building from the outside becomes. The invention can be used in all types of buildings, ie in residential buildings, commercial and industrial buildings, municipal buildings, etc. A different consumption of electrical energy or heat energy requires different dimensions of the components. Systems in buildings with low energy consumption, eg. Due to the high energy standard of the building or in warmer regions due to shorter and milder winters, comparatively smaller systems are needed. In large buildings, the system can also be used to power a building. It is scaled up, d. H. All components are designed to be larger and more powerful, or parallel components are used.

• a) Gebäudestromnetz,
• b) Stromspeichereinheit,
• c) elektrische Wärmeerzeugungseinheit,
• d) Wärmespeichereinheit.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the control unit is connected to the photovoltaic generator and the following consumers and is provided for forwarding the electrical energy in this order:

• a) building electricity network,
• b) electricity storage unit,
• c) electrical heat generating unit,
• d) heat storage unit.

Here, the electric heat generating unit can convert the electrical energy into heat energy and supply it to the heat storage unit and / or a heating system and / or a service water system. As a result, the electrical energy generated is first supplied to the building electricity network as needed, excess electrical energy is stored in the energy storage unit, electrical energy is converted into thermal energy when the energy storage unit is full and stored in the heat storage unit.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the heat storage unit is designed as a long-term storage unit for a heat transfer fluid, which can be arranged inside and / or outside a building. This allows a flexible arrangement of the heat storage unit both in existing and new buildings. The heat storage unit can be arranged in new buildings in or on the building or in an outbuilding. This is often not possible with old buildings. Therefore, the heat storage unit can alternatively be accommodated in the ground and thus installed without structural changes to existing buildings. Furthermore, the heat storage unit embodied as a long-term storage unit provides a sufficient amount of heat for complete heat supply of the building over a long heating period or winter months.

A still further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the heat storage unit comprises:
a storage area,
a storage area insulating insulation and
a shell enclosing the storage area and the thermal insulation,
wherein between the shell and the heat insulation, a shaft is designed for revision and the entire heat storage unit is arranged in the ground. Through this bay, the memory area can be completely revised. This shaft is conceivable both in the formation of the heat storage unit in the ground and in a building. The shell can z. B. concrete rings, plastic rings or from a one-piece unit z. As plastic, concrete, composite material, etc. Also insulating materials are conceivable for the shell. Furthermore, flexible materials for the shell can be used.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the control unit is connected to a public power grid. As a result, excess electrical energy can be fed into a public grid. Furthermore, electricity can be withdrawn from the public grid when the demand for electrical energy is increased become. This also provides an emergency solution in the event of a system failure.

• a) Gebäudestromnetz,
• b) Stromspeichereinheit,
• c) elektrische Wärmeerzeugungseinheit,
• d) öffentliches Stromnetz.

An additional preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the control unit is provided for forwarding the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic generator in the following order:

• a) building electricity network,
• b) electricity storage unit,
• c) electrical heat generating unit,
• d) public power grid.

At full heat storage unit eventually excess electrical energy can be fed into a public grid. As a result, the generated electrical energy can be completely stored and forwarded. In addition, this can also pay for the investment costs of the system for energy supply of a building faster.

Yet another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a further power generator is connected to the control unit. In this case, a fuel cell with hydrogen tank can be used. The use of a Stirling engine is conceivable. Furthermore, a catalytic generation and storage of hydrogen by excess current from the photovoltaic generator is conceivable. This provides the end customer with greater reliability and greater flexibility in an operating concept.

Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a further heat source is connected. This is z. As a wood, coal, gas, etc. fired furnace conceivable. This also ultimately increases the reliability of the system and makes the operating concept more flexible.

Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the photovoltaic generator, the power storage unit and the heat storage unit are dimensioned in such a way to cover at least 80%, in particular 100% of the energy requirement of the respective building. As a result, a self-sufficient energy supply of the building is provided.

Finally, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the electric heat generating unit is designed as a heat pump. Due to the high energy efficiency based on the high efficiency, the heat pump is provided as a preferred solution. The inventive use of the system for powering a building to ensure a self-sufficient energy supply at all seasons is provided.

• a) Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie in einem Photovoltaikgenerator,
• b) Zuleitung der elektrischen Energie in eine Regeleinheit und
• c) Speicherung der nicht im Gebäude verbrauchten elektrischen Energie in einer Stromspeichereinheit.

The method according to the invention for supplying energy to a building is provided and comprises the following steps:

• a) generation of electrical energy in a photovoltaic generator,
• b) supply of electrical energy into a control unit and
• c) storage of the non-building consumed electrical energy in a power storage unit.

Thus, a power network of the building is always provided sufficient electrical energy.

• – Umwandlung der bei voller Stromspeichereinheit überschüssigen elektrischen Energie durch eine elektrische Wärmeerzeugungseinheit in Wärmeenergie und
• – Speicherung nicht im Gebäude verbrauchter Wärmeenergie in einer Wärmespeichereinheit.

A preferred embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps:

• - Conversion of the full power storage unit excess electrical energy through an electric heat generating unit in heat energy and
• - Storage of heat energy not consumed in the building in a heat storage unit.

As a result, excess electrical energy is stored in heat energy and excess heat energy in the heat storage unit. This provides the self-sufficient energy supply of the building.

• – Einspeisung der bei voller Wärmespeichereinheit überschüssigen elektrischen Energie in ein öffentliches Stromnetz.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention further comprises:

• - Infeed of the full heat storage unit excess electrical energy in a public power grid.

Thus, 100% of the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic generator can be used and / or forwarded. In addition, this can also pay for the investment costs of the system for energy supply of a building faster.

• – Bereitstellung der Wärmeenergie für eine Heizungsanlage und eine Brauchwasseranlage.

Yet another preferred embodiment of the invention further comprises the following step:

• - Provision of heat energy for a heating system and a service water system.

This heat energy for the service water or buffer storage of the heating system and the service water system can be provided promptly available, which are designed as a short-term heat storage.

The inventive computer program with program code for carrying out the method when the computer program is executed on a computer is provided.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be explained with reference to several embodiments, together with the accompanying drawings. This shows:

1 a schematic block diagram of a system for powering a building according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

2 a side view of a designed as a long-term storage heat storage unit of the system for powering a building according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

3 a plan view of the formed as a long-term storage heat storage unit of the system for powering a building according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

4 a schematic block diagram of the system for powering a building according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

5 a schematic block diagram of the system for powering a building according to a third embodiment of the present invention and

6 a schematic block diagram of the system for powering a building according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

In the following, directional data refer to the drawing plane unless otherwise stated in the text.

Detailed description of a first embodiment

The 1 . 2 and 3 show schematically a first embodiment of a system for powering a building, which can be adapted with modifications to different buildings such as new or old building.

How out 1 The system provides power to a building 100 in the first embodiment, a photovoltaic generator 1 , a control unit 2 , a power storage unit 3 , an electric heat generating unit 4 and a heat storage unit 5 on.

The photovoltaic generator 1 is located over much of a roof area. The electrical energy from the photovoltaic generator 1 becomes the central control unit 2 directed, the control unit 2 connected to the following consumers and that of the photovoltaic generator 1 generated electrical energy in the following sequence depending on the situation: The highest priority is the power demand of the building via a building electricity network 6 covered. If there is still an excess of electrical energy from the photovoltaic generator 1 is present and the power storage unit 3 is not fully charged, then the excess of electrical energy via a charging unit in the power storage unit 3 fed. If there is still an excess of electrical energy, the electrical energy of the electric heat generating unit 4 fed. Here, the electrical energy is converted into heat energy and in the heat storage unit 5 saved.

On the other hand, the electrical energy from the photovoltaic generator 1 not sufficient to cover the building electricity consumption, then becomes the electricity storage unit 3 taken from a residual electricity demand, so that the building electricity consumption can be covered. Furthermore, from the heat storage unit 5 Heat energy for a heating system 7 and a service water facility 8th to be provided. This is the photovoltaic generator 1 designed to cover the annual energy requirements for the building's electricity and heat, including conversion and storage losses.

The with the photovoltaic generator 1 connected control unit 2 is designed so that the maximum current from the photovoltaic generator 1 in the power storage unit 3 or electric heat generating unit 4 can be used.

The with the control unit 2 connected power storage unit 3 is dimensioned so that the building electricity demand in the building electricity network 6 can be provided at any time and a variety of daily needs of electrical energy can be stored.

The also with the control unit 2 connected electric heat generating unit 4 is dimensioned to give the maximum electrical energy of the photovoltaic generator 1 can record.

Furthermore, the heat storage unit 5 designed as a long-term storage unit for a heat transfer fluid. This is the heat storage unit 5 dimensioned so that the heat energy demand of the building is covered in a winter. This can easily cover over 80% to 100% of the energy requirements of the respective building.

In this embodiment, the heat storage unit 5 on a plot similar to a rainwater cistern, as well 2 Removable, built-in and is coupled via lines to the building. The heat storage unit 5 has a memory area 5a that with a thermal insulation 5b is sheathed and a the thermal insulation 5b comprehensive cover 5d on, being between the shell 5d and the thermal insulation 5b a shaft 5c located to the revision and the entire heat storage unit 5 is arranged in the ground. Here are the memory area 5a and the thermal insulation 5b in the shell 5d , which is significantly larger than the thermal insulation 5b , The shaft 5c is accident-proof constructed according to the relevant guidelines. The case 5 is made of concrete rings. Connecting pipes from the heat storage unit 5 extend towards the building first through the thermal insulation 5b , then through the shaft 5c , the case 5d and finally through the earth into the building.

• a) Erzeugung der elektrischen Energie in dem Photovoltaikgenerator 1,
• b) Zuleitung der elektrischen Energie in die Regeleinheit 2,
• c) Speicherung der nicht im Gebäude verbrauchten elektrischen Energie in der Stromspeichereinheit 3,
• d) Umwandlung der bei voller Stromspeichereinheit 3 überschüssigen elektrischen Energie durch die elektrische Wärmeerzeugungseinheit 4 in Wärmeenergie und
• e) Speicherung nicht im Gebäude verbrauchter Wärmeenergie in der Wärmespeichereinheit 5.

This provides a method for self-sufficient energy supply of the building, comprising the following steps:

• a) Generation of electrical energy in the photovoltaic generator 1 .
• b) supply of electrical energy in the control unit 2 .
• c) storage of the non-building consumed electrical energy in the power storage unit 3 .
• d) conversion of full power storage unit 3 excess electrical energy through the electric heat generating unit 4 in heat energy and
• e) Storage of heat energy not consumed in the building in the heat storage unit 5 ,

A sizing and design example of the first embodiment will be described below.
A detached house in Germany with about 150 square meters of living space and about 100 square meters of floor space (12.5 m × 8 m) has a pitched roof with a south facing and north facing roof surface with a slope of about 30 degrees to the horizontal , Each side of the roof thus has an area of approx. 70 m² with the roof overhang. Covered all over with standard solar modules with an efficiency of 15%, each roof surface has a photovoltaic output of 10 kWp. The photovoltaic generator 1 On the south roof generates about 900 kWh / kWp of electrical energy per year, on the north roof about 400 kWh / kWp. In total, this results in an annual energy yield of approx. 13,000 kWh. Of these, about 4,000 kWh are needed for the building as electrical energy, which results in an average of about 11 kWh per day. To bridge several days in winter, a battery storage of about 50 kWh is required. The remaining approx. 9,000 kWh of electrical energy are supplied by the electric heat generation unit 4 With the annual work rate of about 3 and a maximum power of about 15 kW (electric) converted into about 27,000 kWh heat energy. Part of this is for the domestic water or buffer storage of the heating system 7 and the service water system 8th provided promptly for service water and heating. The bulk, however, is in the heat storage unit 5 saved.

Due to heat losses in the heat storage unit 5 and in the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy remains an effective amount of heat of about 15,000 to 20,000 kWh. With 150 square meters of living space, this means a heat requirement of at least 100 kWh per square meter and year. A building according to heat protection ordinance 1995 (WSVO 95, 100 kWh / sqm and year) as well as all buildings with better energy standard (low energy house EnEV 2002, 70 kWh / sqm and year respectively KfW 60, KfW, 40, KfW efficiency 85, 70, etc. ) is thus completely supplied. Buildings with poorer energy standards should be brought to the required energy standard by appropriate remedial measures so that the required energy can be provided by the system.

After deduction of the immediately used amount of heat has the heat storage unit 5 to store a heat quantity of approx. 22,000 kWh. When using a heat storage unit 5 as a long-term storage unit for a heat transfer fluid, water in the present embodiment, a volume of 300 m ^{3 is} necessary, resulting in a cylindrical configuration of the heat storage unit 5 corresponds to a radius of 3 meters and a height of 10 meters.

The example shows that the required amount of energy from photovoltaic generator 1 and electric heat generating unit 4 be available in this case.

Second embodiment

The 4 schematically shows a second embodiment of a system for powering a building 100 , As in 4 discloses the system for powering a building 100 in the second embodiment, a terminal of a control unit 2 to a public power grid 9 on. By connecting the conventional, public power grid 9 to the control unit 2 If required, mains power can be obtained. This provides the end customer with greater reliability.

Ultimately, after the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy, which consists in the heat storage unit 5 is stored Surplus of electrical energy, then this is finally fed into a public grid.

• a) Erzeugung der elektrischen Energie in dem Photovoltaikgenerator 1,
• b) Zuleitung der elektrischen Energie in die Regeleinheit 2,
• c) Speicherung der nicht im Gebäude verbrauchten elektrischen Energie in der Stromspeichereinheit 3,
• d) Umwandlung der bei voller Stromspeichereinheit 3 überschüssigen elektrischen Energie durch die elektrische Wärmeerzeugungseinheit 4 in Wärmeenergie,
• e) Speicherung nicht im Gebäude verbrauchter Wärmeenergie in der Wärmespeichereinheit 5, und
• f) Einspeisung der bei voller Wärmespeichereinheit 5 überschüssigen elektrischen Energie in ein öffentliches Stromnetz.

This provides a method of powering the building, comprising the steps of:

• a) Generation of electrical energy in the photovoltaic generator 1 .
• b) supply of electrical energy in the control unit 2 .
• c) storage of the non-building consumed electrical energy in the power storage unit 3 .
• d) conversion of full power storage unit 3 excess electrical energy through the electric heat generating unit 4 in heat energy,
• e) Storage of heat energy not consumed in the building in the heat storage unit 5 , and
• f) Infeed of the full heat storage unit 5 excess electrical energy in a public power grid.

Third embodiment

The 5 schematically shows a third embodiment of a system for powering a building 100 , How out 5 Removable, the system indicates the energy supply of a building 100 in this third embodiment, a terminal of a control unit 2 to another power generator 10 on. This also provides the end customer with greater reliability.

Fourth embodiment

Out 6 schematically is a fourth embodiment of a system for powering a building 100 removable. In this case, the system indicates the energy supply of a building 100 a connection of a control unit 2 to another heat generator 11 on. Ultimately, this also increases the reliability.

The advantageous embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of protection. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable, which makes use of the claimed in the claims solution even in other types.

Thus, for example, in a further embodiment, which is combined with the embodiments one to four, an even higher flexibility of the operation and an even higher reliability could be achieved.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

photovoltaic generator

2

control unit

3

Battery / power storage unit

4

electric heat generating unit

5

Long-term heat storage / heat storage unit

5a

storage area

5b

thermal insulation

5c

shaft

5d

shell

5e

ground level

6

Electricity Network

7

heating system

8th

Water system

9

public power grid

10

power generator

11

heat generator

100

System for powering a building

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2010/047604 A2 [0003]
• DE 102010024681 A1 [0004]

Claims (16)

System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) comprising at least: a photovoltaic generator ( 1 ), a control unit ( 2 ), a power storage unit ( 3 ), an electric heat generating unit ( 4 ) and a heat storage unit ( 5 ). System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to claim 1, wherein the control unit ( 2 ) with the photovoltaic generator ( 1 ) and the following consumers and is provided for forwarding the electrical energy in this order: a) building electricity network ( 6 ), b) electricity storage unit ( 3 ), c) electrical heat generation unit ( 4 ), d) heat storage unit ( 5 ). System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat storage unit ( 5 ) is designed as a long-term storage unit for a heat transfer fluid, which is arranged in particular outside of a building. System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat storage unit ( 5 ) comprises: a memory area ( 5a ), a memory area ( 5a ) insulating insulation ( 5b ) and a memory area ( 5a ) and the thermal insulation ( 5b ) comprehensive envelope ( 5d ), whereby between the envelope ( 5d ) and the thermal insulation ( 5b ) a shaft ( 5c ) is arranged for revision and the entire heat storage unit ( 5 ) is arranged in the ground. System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, which is connected to a public power grid ( 9 ) connected. System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit ( 2 ) for forwarding the from the photovoltaic generator ( 1 ) is provided in the following order: a) building electricity network ( 6 ), b) electricity storage unit ( 3 ), c) electrical heat generation unit ( 4 ), d) public electricity grid ( 9 ). System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein optionally a further power generator to the control unit ( 2 ) connected. System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein optionally a further heat source is connected. System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic generator ( 1 ), the power storage unit ( 3 ) and the heat storage unit ( 5 ) are dimensioned so as to cover at least 80%, in particular 100% of the energy requirement of the respective building. System for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electric heat generating unit ( 4 ) is designed as a heat pump. Use of the system for powering a building ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims for ensuring a self-sufficient energy supply in all seasons. Method for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ), the method comprising the steps of: a) generating electrical energy in at least one photovoltaic generator ( 1 ), b) supply of electrical energy into at least one control unit ( 2 ) and c) storing the electrical energy not consumed in the building in at least one electricity storage unit ( 3 ). Method for supplying energy to a building ( 100 12), wherein the method further comprises the steps of: - conversion of the full power storage unit ( 3 ) excess electrical energy through at least one electric heat generating unit ( 4 ) in heat energy and - storage of heat energy not consumed in the building in at least one heat storage unit ( 5 ). Method for supplying energy to a building ( 100 ) according to 12 or 13, the method further comprising: - feeding the full heat storage unit ( 5 ) excess electrical energy in a power grid. Method for supplying energy to a building ( 100 12, 13 or 14, the method further comprising the step of: - providing the heat energy for at least one heating system ( 7 ) and / or at least one service water system ( 8th ). Computer program with program code for carrying out the method according to one of claims 12 to 15, when the computer program is executed on a computer.

Images