DE102006010111A1 - Energy supplying device for building using solar energy as source, has two solar cells, for converting solar energy into electrical and heat energy and fuel cell blocks connected with hydrogen storage device for generating electrical energy - Google Patents

Energy supplying device for building using solar energy as source, has two solar cells, for converting solar energy into electrical and heat energy and fuel cell blocks connected with hydrogen storage device for generating electrical energy Download PDF

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DE102006010111A1
DE102006010111A1 DE102006010111A DE102006010111A DE102006010111A1 DE 102006010111 A1 DE102006010111 A1 DE 102006010111A1 DE 102006010111 A DE102006010111 A DE 102006010111A DE 102006010111 A DE102006010111 A DE 102006010111A DE 102006010111 A1 DE102006010111 A1 DE 102006010111A1
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energy
solar
electrical
building
storage device
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DE102006010111A
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Siegfried Gutfleisch
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Priority to DE102006010111A priority Critical patent/DE102006010111A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2007/001598 priority patent/WO2007098895A1/en
Priority to EP07711658A priority patent/EP1989441A1/en
Priority to US12/224,421 priority patent/US20090025315A1/en
Publication of DE102006010111A1 publication Critical patent/DE102006010111A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Abstract

The device has fuel cell blocks (36) connected with the hydrogen storage device (31-33) for generating electrical energy. A control unit (40) for the distribution of the electrical and/or heat energy to consumer (27,28,38) and/or the memory devices (26). The two solar cells (23,24) are provided for converting solar energy into electrical energy and heat energy.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Energieversorgung unter Nutzung der Sonnenenergie als Energiequelle nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a device for power supply under Use of solar energy as an energy source according to the generic term of claim 1.

Bekannt ist es, mit Hilfe von Solaranlagen Sonnenenergie als Energiequelle für Gebäude in Form von elektrischer Energie und/oder Wärmeenergie zu nutzen. Nachteilig hieran ist, dass im Sommer mehr Energie zur Verfügung steht als genutzt werden kann, während dies im Winter in unseren Breitengraden genau umgekehrt ist. Ein Speichern dieser Energieformen und Übertragen vom Sommer auf den Winter ist unmittelbar nicht zu erreichen.Known is it, with the help of solar plants solar energy as an energy source for building in shape of electrical energy and / or heat energy to use. adversely this means that in the summer more energy is available than can be used, while in winter this is exactly the opposite in our latitudes. One Saving these forms of energy and transferring them from summer to winter is not directly accessible.

Es ist deshalb bei einer aus der DE 34 13 772 A1 bekannten Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorgeschlagen worden, die mit Hilfe der Fotovoltaik in elektrische Energie umgewandelte Sonnenenergie für die Elektrolyse von Wasser zu verwenden und den daraus abgespalteten Wasserstoff zu speichern, so dass der Wasserstoff dann zu entsprechenden Zeitpunkten einem Gasturbinengenerator zugeführt werden kann, der der Abgabe von elektrischer Energie und/oder von Wärmeenergie dient. Derartige Gasturbinengeneratoren sind jedoch einerseits aufwendig in der Herstellung und andererseits relativ voluminös, was zu einem unangemessenen Raumaufwand innerhalb eines solchen Gebäudes führt. Darüber hinaus sind solche Gasturbinengeneratoren laut. Außerdem ist von außen zusätzlicher Energiebedarf notwendig.It is therefore at one of the DE 34 13 772 A1 known device of the aforementioned type has been proposed to use the solar energy converted by the photovoltaic into electrical energy for the electrolysis of water and to store the hydrogen split off therefrom, so that the hydrogen can then be fed at appropriate times to a gas turbine generator, the Delivery of electrical energy and / or heat energy is used. However, such gas turbine generators are on the one hand consuming to manufacture and on the other hand relatively bulky, resulting in an inadequate space requirements within such a building. In addition, such gas turbine generators are noisy. In addition, additional energy is required from the outside.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Einrichtung zur Energieversorgung von Gebäuden unter Nutzung der Sonnenenergie als Energiequelle der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die weniger aufwendig ist und einen geringeren Platzbedarf benötigt sowie keine weitere äußere Energiequelle nutzen muss.task It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for Energy supply of buildings using solar energy as the energy source of the aforementioned To create a way that is less expensive and requires less space needed and no other external energy source must use.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind bei einer Einrichtung der genannten Art die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale vorgesehen.to solution This task are in a device of the type mentioned the Provided in claim 1 features.

Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen ist neben einer kleinbauenden Einrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus dem gespeicherten Wasserstoff eine im Wesentlichen autarke Energieversorgung eines Gebäudes über das ganze Jahr hinweg erreicht. Durch den Einsatz eines aus Kraftfahrzeugen bekannten Brennstoffzellenblocks in stationärer Form für ein Gebäude ist ein wesentlicher Vorteil im Hinblick auf eine wirtschaftliche Einsetzbarkeit und Durchführbarkeit einer autarken Energieversorgung erreicht.By the measures according to the invention in addition to a small-scale device for generating electrical Energy from the stored hydrogen is essentially self-sufficient Energy supply of a building over the achieved all year round. By using one from motor vehicles known fuel cell block in stationary form for a building is a significant advantage in view of economic feasibility and feasibility reached a self-sufficient energy supply.

Mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 2 ist eine über die unterschiedlichen Jahreszeiten hinweg einfache Verteilung und entsprechender Einsatz von unmittelbar gewonnener sowie bereits gespeicherter Energie erreicht.With The features of claim 2 is one over the different seasons simple distribution and appropriate use of immediate achieved and already stored energy reached.

Eine weitere Verbesserung der Energiegewinnung und -nutzung ist durch die Merkmale nach Anspruch 3 erreicht, da mit der Kühlung einerseits der Wirkungsgrad von Fotovoltaikanlagen verbessert und andererseits die abgeführte Wärmeenergie in anderer Weise genutzt werden kann.A Further improvement of energy production and use is through reached the features of claim 3, since with the cooling on the one hand the Improved efficiency of photovoltaic systems and on the other hand the dissipated Thermal energy can be used in other ways.

Eine kleinbauendere Möglichkeit der Speicherung des in der Elektrolyse gewonnenen Wasserstoffs ergibt sich nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4 und/oder 5.A smaller option the storage of the hydrogen obtained in the electrolysis results according to the features of claim 4 and / or 5.

Mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 6 ist eine Standardisierung und damit deutliche Kostensenkung derartiger Einrichtungen erreicht, wobei derartige modulare Energieblöcke gemäß Anspruch 7 in unterschiedlich großen Energieeinheiten vorgefertigt bzw. vormontiert sein können.With The features of claim 6 is a standardization and thus achieved significant cost reduction of such facilities, wherein such modular energy blocks according to claim 7 in different sizes Energy units can be prefabricated or pre-assembled.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind der folgenden Beschreibung zu entnehmen, in der die Erfindung anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben und erläutert ist. Die einzige Figur zeigt in einem schematischen Schnitt ein Gebäude mit einer Einrichtung zu deren autarken Energieversorgung unter Nutzung von Sonnenenergie als Energiequelle.Further Details of the invention can be taken from the following description, in the invention with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing described in more detail and explained is. The single figure shows a schematic section building with a device for their self-sufficient energy supply under Use of solar energy as an energy source.

Die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Einrichtung ist zur autarken Energieversorgung eines Gebäudes 11 unter ausschließlicher Nutzung von Sonnenergie als Energiequelle vorgesehen. Gemäß der Figur ist das Gebäude 11 beispielsweise als Einfamilienhaus ausgebildet, das mit einem optimal geneigten Satteldach 12 versehen ist und das hinsichtlich der Sonneneinstrahlung über den Tag hinweg optimal ausgerichtet ist. Unterhalb des Satteldaches 12 ist beispielsweise das Wohngeschoss 13 und darunter das mit einem Teil der Energieversorgungseinrichtung versehene Kellergeschoss 14. Die Außenwände 15 sind optimal mit einem Dämmmaterial 16 thermisch isoliert.The device shown in the drawing is for self-sufficient energy supply of a building 11 under the exclusive use of solar energy as an energy source. According to the figure, the building 11 For example, designed as a single-family house, with an optimally inclined pitched roof 12 is provided and that is optimally aligned with respect to the sun over the day. Below the saddle roof 12 is for example the living floor 13 and below it the basement floor provided with a part of the power supply 14 , The outer walls 15 are optimal with a Dämmmaterial 16 thermally insulated.

Die geneigten Dachflächen 21 und 22, die zum Dachraum 17 hin ebenfalls mit einem Dämmmaterial 16 thermisch isoliert sind, sind beim Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils sowohl mit einer ersten Solarzellenvorrichtung 23 zur Umwandlung von Sonnenergie in elektrische Energie als auch mit einer zweiten Solarzellenvorrichtung 24 zur Umwandlung von Sonnenergie in Wärmeenergie vorzugsweise vollflächig belegt. Dabei ist die Aufteilung der Dachflächen 21 und 22 bezüglich der Belegung mit der ersten und der zweiten Solarzellenvorrichtung 23, 24 entsprechend dem zu erwartenden Bedarf an unmittelbarer Wärmeenergie beziehungsweise an elektrischer Energie aufgeteilt. In nicht dargestellter Weise sind die Bereiche der ersten Solarzellenvorrichtung 23, die der Fotovoltaik dient, in nicht dargestellter Weise an ihrer Rückseite mit einer Wärmeleitungsvorrichtung versehen, über die die erste Solarzellenvorrichtung 23 zur Erhöhung ihres Wirkungsgrads gekühlt werden können und die Abwärme nutzbar gemacht werden kann.The sloping roof surfaces 21 and 22 leading to the loft 17 also with a Dämmmaterial 16 are thermally insulated are in the embodiment each with both a first solar cell device 23 for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy as well as with a second solar cell device 24 for the conversion of solar energy into thermal energy preferably full surface occupied. Here is the distribution of the roof areas 21 and 22 regarding the occupancy with the first and the second solar cell device 23 . 24 according to the expected demand for immediate heat meenergie or divided into electrical energy. In a manner not shown are the areas of the first solar cell device 23 , which serves the photovoltaic, provided in a manner not shown on its rear side with a heat conduction device, via which the first solar cell device 23 can be cooled to increase their efficiency and the waste heat can be harnessed.

Zur unmittelbaren bzw. mittelbaren Nutzung der Sonnenenergie durch Energieumwandlung sind im Kellergeschoss 14 eine Vielzahl von Aggregaten untergebracht.For direct or indirect use of solar energy through energy conversion are in the basement 14 housed a variety of aggregates.

Zur unmittelbaren Nutzung der elektrischen Energie aus der ersten Solarzellen- bzw. Fotovoltaikvorrichtung 23 ist eine elektrische Speichervorrichtung 26 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise aus einer oder mehreren Batterien und/oder Kondensatoren besteht. Entweder unmittelbar mit der Fotovoltaikvorrichtung 23 und/oder mit der elektrischen Speichervorrichtung 26 ist eine Elektrolysevorrichtung 27 verbunden, die der Aufspaltung von Wasser in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff dient. Ebenso ist das elektrische Versorgungssystem 28 des Gebäudes 11 beispielsweise über Wechselrichter unmittelbar mit der Fotovoltaikvorrichtung 23 oder ebenfalls beispielsweise über Wechselrichter mittelbar mit der elektrischen Speichervorrichtung 26 verbunden.For the direct use of the electrical energy from the first solar cell or photovoltaic device 23 is an electrical storage device 26 provided, which consists for example of one or more batteries and / or capacitors. Either directly with the photovoltaic device 23 and / or with the electrical storage device 26 is an electrolysis device 27 connected, which serves the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Likewise, the electrical supply system 28 of the building 11 for example, via inverters directly to the photovoltaic device 23 or also, for example, via inverters indirectly with the electrical storage device 26 connected.

Die von der Elektrolysevorrichtung 27 gelieferten Gase, nämlich Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff werden unterschiedlich verwendet. Der Wasserstoff wird in einem Druckzwischenspeicher 31 gelagert, während der Sauerstoff beispielsweise zur Klimatisierung bzw. zur Verbesserung des Raumklimas in nicht dargestellter Weise dem Wohngeschoss 13 und ggf. dem Dachraum 17 zugeführt wird. Mit dem Druckzwischenspeicher 31 ist eine Verflüssigereinheit 32 verbunden, die mit der elektrischen Speichervorrichtung 26 und/oder über eine zentrale Steuereinheit 40 geregelt mit der Fotovoltaikvorrichtung 23 verbunden ist und der Verflüssigung des Wasserstoffs dient. Von der Verflüssigereinheit 32 aus gelangt der flüssige Wasserstoff in einen Wasserstoffflüssigspeicher 33.The of the electrolyzer 27 supplied gases, namely hydrogen and oxygen are used differently. The hydrogen is in a pressure buffer 31 stored, while the oxygen, for example, for air conditioning or to improve the indoor climate in a manner not shown the living floor 13 and possibly the roof space 17 is supplied. With the print buffer 31 is a condenser unit 32 connected to the electrical storage device 26 and / or via a central control unit 40 fixed with the photovoltaic device 23 connected and the liquefaction of hydrogen is used. From the condenser unit 32 from the liquid hydrogen enters a hydrogen storage tank 33 ,

Die Einrichtung zur autarken Energieversorgung des Gebäudes 11 besitzt ferner einen Brennstoffzellenblock 36, der mit dem Wasserstoffflüssigspeicher 33 verbunden ist und zusätzlich der Versorgung des Gebäudes 11 mit elektrischer Energie dient.The device for self-sufficient energy supply of the building 11 also has a fuel cell block 36 that with the hydrogen liquid store 33 is connected and in addition the supply of the building 11 serves with electrical energy.

Ein Warmwasserspeicher 38 für das Warmwassersystem des Gebäudes 11 wird beispielsweise von der zweiten Solarzellenvorrichtung 24 in bekannter Weise mit Wärmeenergie versorgt. Außerdem kann die bei Kühlung der Fotovoltaikvorrichtung 23 sich ergebende Abwärme über eine Wärmepumpe ebenfalls dem Warmwassersystem 38 zugeführt werden. Entsprechend kann das Warmwassersystem 38 auch über eine Wärmepumpe mit Erdwärme versorgt oder über die Fotovoltaikvorrichtung 23 und/oder die elektrische Speichervorrichtung 26 und/oder den Brennstoffzellenblock 36 über elektrische Beheizung erhitzt werden. Die Wärmepumpe oder Wärmepumpen werden über die Fotovoltaikvorrichtung 23 und/oder die elektrische Speichervorrichtung 26 und/oder den Brennstoffzellenblock 36 mit elektrischer Energie versorgt.A hot water tank 38 for the hot water system of the building 11 For example, is the second solar cell device 24 supplied in a known manner with heat energy. In addition, the cooling of the photovoltaic device 23 resulting waste heat via a heat pump also the hot water system 38 be supplied. Accordingly, the hot water system 38 also powered by a heat pump with geothermal energy or via the photovoltaic device 23 and / or the electrical storage device 26 and / or the fuel cell block 36 be heated by electrical heating. The heat pump or heat pumps are via the photovoltaic device 23 and / or the electrical storage device 26 and / or the fuel cell block 36 supplied with electrical energy.

Die Einrichtung zur autarken Energieversorgung des Gebäudes 11 besitzt außerdem eine zentrale Steuereinheit 40, die entsprechend den Witterungsbedingungen und entsprechend dem Energiebedarf der einzelnen Verbraucher die elektrische Energie sowie die thermische Energie verteilt. So wird beispielsweise die nicht unmittelbar zum Verbrauch benötigte elektrische Energie zunächst in der elektrischen Speichervorrichtung 26 gespeichert. Ist diese elektrische Speichervorrichtung gefüllt oder übersteigt die anfallende Energiemenge die Ladeleistung der elektrischen Speichervorrichtung 26, startet die Elektrolysevorrichtung 27, wobei dann der anfallende Wasserstoff über die Zwischenstufe der Verflüssigereinheit 32 dem Flüssigspeicher 33 zugeführt und dort gelagert wird.The device for self-sufficient energy supply of the building 11 also has a central control unit 40 , which distributes the electrical energy and the thermal energy according to the weather conditions and according to the energy requirements of the individual consumers. For example, the electrical energy not directly required for consumption is first stored in the electrical storage device 26 saved. If this electrical storage device is filled or exceeds the amount of energy accumulated, the charging power of the electrical storage device 26 , the electrolyzer starts 27 , Where then the resulting hydrogen through the intermediate stage of the condenser unit 32 the liquid storage 33 fed and stored there.

Übersteigt der Energiebedarf die aktuelle anfallende Sonnenenergie, werden die elektrische Speichervorrichtung 26 sowie der Brennstoffzellenblock 36 zur Energieversorgung des Gebäudes 11 herangezogen. Hierbei verteilt sich der jeweilige Energiebeitrag entsprechend der geforderten Abnahme auf die einzelnen Verbraucher.If the energy demand exceeds the current solar energy, the electric storage device becomes 26 as well as the fuel cell block 36 for the energy supply of the building 11 used. Here, the respective energy contribution is distributed according to the required decrease on the individual consumers.

Wird ein Gebäude, das einen sehr geringen oder gar keinen Warmwasserbedarf hat, mit einer derartigen autarken Energieversorgung versehen, so kann es ggf. ausreichen, das Dach 12 ausschließlich mit Fotovoltaikvorrichtungen 23 zu belegen, also die zweite Solarzellenvorrichtung 24 wegzulassen, was bedeutet, dass dann der Wärmebedarf des Gebäudes durch elektrische Heizeinheiten zu befriedigen ist.If a building that has a very low or no hot water requirement, provided with such a self-sufficient energy supply, it may possibly be sufficient, the roof 12 exclusively with photovoltaic devices 23 to prove, so the second solar cell device 24 omitting, which means that then the heat demand of the building is to be satisfied by electric heating units.

Des weiteren ist es möglich, nicht nur die Dachflächen 21, 22 sondern auch Wandflächen der Außenwände 15 mit insbesondere Fotovoltaikvorrichtungen 23 zu belegen.Furthermore, it is possible not only the roof surfaces 21 . 22 but also wall surfaces of the outer walls 15 with in particular photovoltaic devices 23 to prove.

Ein Energieblock, der beispielsweise einen Brennstoffzellenblock 36 einer zentralen Steuereinheit 40, eine Elektrolysevorrichtung 27, eine elektrische Speichervorrichtung 26, ggf. eine Wärmepumpe und weitere Nebenaggregate, wie Gebläse und dergleichen beinhaltet, kann in verschieden großen Leistungsmodulen, wie 5 kw, 10 kw, 20 kw, 50 kw, 100 kw, 200 kw, 500 kw und dergleichen vorgesehen sein. Dieser Energieblock wird dann vor Ort mit der ersten und/oder zweiten Solarzellenvorrichtung 23, 24 und den Aggregaten 31 bis 33 verbunden.An energy block, for example, a fuel cell block 36 a central control unit 40 , an electrolysis device 27 , an electrical storage device 26 , possibly a heat pump and other ancillary equipment, such as blowers and the like may be provided in different sized power modules, such as 5 kw, 10 kw, 20 kw, 50 kw, 100 kw, 200 kw, 500 kw and the like be. This energy block is then on site with the first and / or second solar cell device 23 . 24 and the aggregates 31 to 33 connected.

Claims (7)

Einrichtung zur Energieversorgung von Gebäuden (11) unter Nutzung der Sonnenenergie als Energiequelle, mit: einer ersten Solarzellenvorrichtung (23) zur Umwandlung von Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie, vorzugsweise einer zweiten Solarzellenvorrichtung (24) zur Umwandlung von Sonnenenergie in Wärmeenergie, einer Wasser-Elektrolyse-Vorrichtung (27) zum Zerlegen des Wassers in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff mittels der von der ersten Solarzellenvorrichtung (23) gelieferten elektrischen Energie, einer Speichervorrichtung (31 bis 33) für den Wasserstoff und einer elektrischen Speichervorrichtung (26), gekennzeichnet durch einen mit der Wasserstoff-Speichervorrichtung (31 bis 33) verbundenen Brennstoffzellenblock (36) zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie.Device for supplying energy to buildings ( 11 ) using solar energy as an energy source, comprising: a first solar cell device ( 23 ) for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, preferably a second solar cell device ( 24 ) for the conversion of solar energy into thermal energy, a water electrolysis device ( 27 ) for decomposing the water into hydrogen and oxygen by means of the first solar cell device ( 23 ) supplied electrical energy, a storage device ( 31 to 33 ) for the hydrogen and an electrical storage device ( 26 ) characterized by one having the hydrogen storage device ( 31 to 33 ) connected fuel cell block ( 36 ) for generating electrical energy. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Steuereinheit (40) zur Verteilung der elektrischen und/oder Wärmeenergie an Verbraucher (27; 28; 38) und/oder die Speichervorrichtungen (26; 31 bis 33).Device according to claim 1, characterized by a control unit ( 40 ) for the distribution of electrical and / or thermal energy to consumers ( 27 ; 28 ; 38 ) and / or the storage devices ( 26 ; 31 to 33 ). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch eine Kühlvorrichtung für die erste Solarzellenvorrichtung (23) und einer Wärmepumpe mit Wärmespeicher.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a cooling device for the first solar cell device ( 23 ) and a heat pump with heat storage. Einrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Speichervorrichtung für den Wasserstoff einen Verflüssiger (32) und einen Flüssigspeicher (33) aufweist.Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage device for the hydrogen is a condenser ( 32 ) and a liquid storage ( 33 ) having. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verflüssiger (32) mit der ersten Solarzellenvorrichtung (23) verbunden ist.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the liquefier ( 32 ) with the first solar cell device ( 23 ) connected is. Einrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein modularer Energieblock aus Steuereinheit (40), Elektrolysevorrichtung (27), Brennstoffzellenblock (36), Speichereinheiten (26; 31 bis 33) und Wärmepumpe(n) vorgesehen ist.Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a modular energy block of control unit ( 40 ), Electrolysis device ( 27 ), Fuel cell block ( 36 ), Storage units ( 26 ; 31 to 33 ) and heat pump (s) is provided. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energieblock als Modul bestimmter Leistungsgröße vorbereitet ist.Device according to claim 6, characterized that the energy block prepares as a module of certain performance size is.
DE102006010111A 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Energy supplying device for building using solar energy as source, has two solar cells, for converting solar energy into electrical and heat energy and fuel cell blocks connected with hydrogen storage device for generating electrical energy Withdrawn DE102006010111A1 (en)

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PCT/EP2007/001598 WO2007098895A1 (en) 2006-02-28 2007-02-23 Apparatus for suppling power to buildings using solar power as a power source
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