DE102012006763B4 - Method for removing coatings from carcinogenic fibers - Google Patents
Method for removing coatings from carcinogenic fibers Download PDFInfo
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- DE102012006763B4 DE102012006763B4 DE201210006763 DE102012006763A DE102012006763B4 DE 102012006763 B4 DE102012006763 B4 DE 102012006763B4 DE 201210006763 DE201210006763 DE 201210006763 DE 102012006763 A DE102012006763 A DE 102012006763A DE 102012006763 B4 DE102012006763 B4 DE 102012006763B4
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- carcinogenic
- solution
- fibers
- colored
- water
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007705 chemical test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/0066—Disposal of asbestos
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/41—Inorganic fibres, e.g. asbestos
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zum Entfernen von Beschichtungen aus kanzerogenen Fasern mit einer Sanierlösung, die Salzsäure einer Konzentration von kleiner als 25 Gew.-%, eine 1 gew.-%ige Kaliumtetraoxomanganat(VII)-Lösung und zusätzlich Wasser H2O enthält, wobei die gefärbte Sanierlösung auf die Beschichtung aufgebracht, die Eindringtiefe aufgrund der Färbung kontrolliert, das gefärbte Beschichtungsmaterial entfernt und in einem zweiten Arbeitsgang die verbliebenen kanzerogenen Partikel durch nochmaliges Benetzen mit der Sanierlösung gelöst und entfernt werden und anschließend der Untergrund mit Wasser gereinigt wird.Process for removing coatings from carcinogenic fibers with a restoration solution containing hydrochloric acid in a concentration of less than 25% by weight, a 1% strength by weight potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution and additional water H2O, the colored restoration solution being applied to the The coating is applied, the penetration depth is controlled based on the color, the colored coating material is removed and in a second step the remaining carcinogenic particles are dissolved and removed by wetting them again with the restoration solution and then the substrate is cleaned with water.
Description
Beschreibung des technischen Gebietes der ErfindungDescription of the technical field of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Beschichtungen aus kanzerogenen Fasern.The invention relates to a method for removing coatings from carcinogenic fibers.
Darstellung des bisherigen Standes der TechnikRepresentation of the prior art
Die
Die
Aus der
Die
Auch die
Die
Die
Darstellung des technischen ProblemsPresentation of the technical problem
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem kanzerogene Fasern schnell, gründlich und kostengünstig entfernt werden können.The object of the invention is to provide a method by which carcinogenic fibers can be removed quickly, thoroughly and inexpensively.
Darstellung der ProblemlösungPresentation of the problem solution
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs.The invention solves this problem by a method having the features of the claim.
Die vorbekannten Sanierlösungen wurden bislang im Wesentlichen zur Entwicklung von Filmen eingesetzt. Im Rahmen der Erfindung wurde jedoch erkannt, dass sich diese Zusammensetzung auch hervorragend zur Beseitigung einer Asbestgefährdung eignet. Zwar ist der Einsatz von Salzsäure für diese Verwendung bereits bekannt geworden. Die erfindungsgemäße Sanierlösung enthält jedoch darüber hinaus Kaliumpermanganat, das auf Grund seiner Oxidationseigenschaften einerseits und auf Grund seiner farbegebenden Wirkung andererseits die Salzsäure beim Entfernen des Asbestes unterstützt. Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist daher eine verbesserte Zusammensetzung bereitgestellt, die gleichzeitig kostengünstig bleibt.The previously known remediation solutions have hitherto been used essentially for the development of films. In the context of the invention, however, it has been recognized that this composition is also outstandingly suitable for eliminating an asbestos hazard. Although the use of hydrochloric acid for this use has already become known. However, the remediation solution according to the invention also contains potassium permanganate, which on the one hand, and on the other hand, due to its color-providing effect, assists the hydrochloric acid in the removal of the asbestos due to its oxidation properties. In the context of the invention, therefore, an improved composition is provided which at the same time remains inexpensive.
Erfindungsgemäß liegt der Anteil von Kaliumtetraoxomanganat(VII) an der Lösung bei 1 Gew.-%.According to the invention, the proportion of potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) in the solution is 1% by weight.
Es stand an, innovative Sanierungstechniken zu entwickeln, die eine zielorientierte, gefahrenminimierte und effektive, wirtschaftliche Sanierung ermöglichen. Weltweit führt der Leerstand von kontaminierten Gebäuden zu wirtschaftlichen Belastungen. Die kontaminierten Gebäude stehen oftmals leer, da die finanziellen Mittel zur Sanierung nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Beispielhaft seien in diesem Zusammenhang der Palast der Republik in Berlin und das World Trade Center in New York genannt. Die Entwicklung innovativer Sanierungstechniken- und Verfahren ist daher von erheblichem Interesse. Zur Problemlösung wird ein Entschichtungsmittel bereit gestellt, das die vorhandenen kanzerogenen Fasermassen durch chemische Reaktionen durchdringt, deren Bindungsstruktur aufhebt und die Konsistenz des Materials so verändert, dass das Material in zusammenhängenden Platten problemlos entfernt werden kann. Die an den Untergründen verbleibenden kanzerogenen Partikel werden durch einen zweiten Arbeitsgang durch das nochmalige Benetzen mittels Entschichtungsmittel gelöst. Die gelösten Fasern werden in Vertiefungen mittels weicher Bürsten entfernt. Die Oberflächen werden mit entspannten Wasser und Lappen problemlos gereinigt.It was time to develop innovative remediation techniques that would enable goal-oriented, minimized and effective, cost-effective rehabilitation. Worldwide, the vacancy of contaminated buildings leads to economic burdens. The contaminated buildings are often empty, as the financial means for rehabilitation are not available. Examples include the Palace of the Republic in Berlin and the World Trade Center in New York. The development of innovative remediation techniques and procedures is therefore of considerable interest. To solve the problem, a de-coating agent is provided, which penetrates the existing carcinogenic fiber masses by chemical reactions, removes their bonding structure and changes the consistency of the material so that the material can be easily removed in coherent plates. The remaining on the substrates carcinogenic particles are solved by a second operation by rewetting by means of de-coating. The dissolved fibers are removed in wells by means of soft brushes. The surfaces are easily cleaned with relaxed water and cloths.
Erläuterung der Erfindung anhand mindestens eines AusführungsbeispielsExplanation of the invention with reference to at least one embodiment
Eine Pilotsanierung sollte zur Analyse von Arbeitsschutz-, Entsorgungs-, Termin- und Kostenaspekten dienen. Die Dekontaminationslösung für kanzerogene Fasern zum Ablösen der kanzerogenen Spritzmassen war zuvor auf mögliche Arbeitsschutzanforderungen labortechnisch überprüft worden. Nach intensiven labortechnischen Analysen und Chemikalienversuchen konnte ein Verfahren entwickelt werden, das die notwendige Materialzersetzung ermöglicht. Die bisher lediglich als Laborversuche durchgeführten Tests sollten an einem Sanierungsfall überprüft werden.Pilot rehabilitation should be used to analyze occupational safety, disposal, deadline and cost aspects. The decontamination solution for carcinogenic fibers for detachment of the carcinogenic spraying masses had previously been checked for potential health and safety requirements in the laboratory. After intensive laboratory analyzes and chemical tests, a process was developed that enables the necessary decomposition of the material. The tests, which were previously only carried out as laboratory tests, were to be checked on a remediation case.
Die gesetzlichen Vorgaben wurden durch Stellung eines Schwarz-Weißbereiches, eine notwendige Unterdruckhaltung, Personal- und Materialschleusen sowie die notwendigen Arbeitsschutzanforderungen durch persönlichen Arbeitsschutz (Vollmasken, Arbeitsschutzanzüge, Handschuhe, Gummistiefel etc.) erfüllt. Der Unterdruck von mindestens 20 Pa war im Sanierungsbereich herzustellen. Die Probesanierung wurde nach der Überprüfung und Einrichtung des Arbeitsbereiches begonnen. Begleitende Messungen und detaillierte Studien über die Demontage erfolgten. Bei der Entfernung der Spritzmassen werden erhebliche Faserkonzentrationen freigesetzt. Das Entfernen von kanzerogenen Massen ist nach der neuesten Fassung der Gefahrstoffverordnung wegen der einhergehenden Staubentwicklung verboten. Techniken zur Realisierung dieser gesetzlichen Forderung stehen bisher nicht zur Verfügung. Die arbeitsplatzbezogenen Begleitmessungen wiesen eine Faserexposition von über 1. Mio. Fasern auf.The legal requirements were met by providing a black and white area, a necessary vacuum maintenance, personnel and material locks as well as the necessary occupational safety requirements through personal safety at work (full masks, protective clothing, gloves, rubber boots, etc.). The negative pressure of at least 20 Pa had to be produced in the rehabilitation area. The rehabilitation was started after the review and setup of the work area. Accompanying measurements and detailed studies on dismantling were made. When removing the spraying masses significant fiber concentrations are released. The removal of carcinogenic substances is prohibited by the latest version of the Hazardous Substances Regulation because of the associated dust. Techniques for the realization of this legal requirement are not yet available. The workplace-related accompanying measurements showed a fiber exposure of over 1 million fibers.
Bei der Entfernung des Spritzbewurfes mittels Entschichtungsmittel konnte die Struktur der Beschichtung zerstört werden. Es gab eine erhebliche Reaktion bei dem Aufbringen der Lösung. Die Lösung dringt schnell in das Material ein. Bei einer Schichtdicke von 4–6 cm dringt die Lösung in wenigen Minuten über den gesamten Querschnitt hinweg ein und kann in großen Stücken mittels Spachtel manuell entfernt werden. Die Eindringtiefe kann durch das Kontrastmittel Kaliumtetraoxomanganat kontrolliert werden. Es sind ca. 10 Liter/m2 aufzubringen. Mit dieser Menge nimmt der Spritzbewurf eine ideale Konsistenz ein und beginnt nicht zu tropfen oder zu schmieren. Die Faserexposition lag bei ca. 10.000 Fasern. Diese kann bei der notwendigen detaillierten Beschreibung der Arbeitsverfahren und der Unterweisung des Fachpersonals weiter reduziert werden.When removing the Spritzbewurfes by de-coating the structure of the coating could be destroyed. There was a significant reaction in applying the solution. The solution quickly penetrates the material. At a layer thickness of 4-6 cm, the solution penetrates in a few minutes over the entire cross section and can be removed manually in large pieces by means of a spatula. The penetration depth can be controlled by the contrast medium potassium tetraoxomanganate. There are about 10 liters / m 2 apply. With this amount the Spritzbewurf assumes an ideal consistency and does not start to drip or smear. The fiber exposure was about 10,000 fibers. This can be further reduced by the necessary detailed description of the working methods and the instruction of the specialist staff.
Die Reste auf den Trägern wurden nochmals mit der Lösung benetzt und mit einem Lappen gereinigt. Der Reinigungseffekt ist verblüffend, die Zementreste mit Fasern lösen sich bis zu einer Schichtdicke von 5 mm und mehr. Nach der Reinigung ist der Untergrund nochmals mit Wasser nachzureinigen, um restliche Entschichtungslösungen zu entfernen.The residues on the carriers were wetted again with the solution and cleaned with a cloth. The cleaning effect is amazing, the cement residues with fibers dissolve to a layer thickness of 5 mm and more. After cleaning, the surface has to be cleaned with water again to remove any remaining decoating solutions.
Korrosionsanstriche auf Stahlträgern, Betonoberflächen, Kunststoffoberflächen und Hölzern nehmen keinen Schaden. Es wurden ferner begleitende Messungen, wie die Bewertung der pH-Werte und des Carbonatisierungsverhaltens, durchgeführt.Corrosion coatings on steel beams, concrete surfaces, plastic surfaces and wood do not cause any damage. Accompanying measurements, such as the evaluation of pH and carbonation behavior, were also performed.
Als Arbeitshilfe ist das Entschichtungsmittel eingefärbt. Dadurch kann die Wirkungstiefe des Materials eindeutig erkannt werden, wobei das Arbeiten an trockenen kanzerogenen Massen, die eine erhebliche kanzerogene Faserexposition auslösen könnten, vermieden ist.As a working aid, the de-coating agent is dyed. As a result, the depth of action of the material can be clearly identified, while working on dry carcinogenic substances that could trigger a significant carcinogenic fiber exposure, is avoided.
Darstellung der durch die Erfindung erzielten VorteilePresentation of the advantages achieved by the invention
Nach den durchgeführten Labortest und der Evaluierung des Verfahrens im Rahmen einer Probensanierung sind folgende Punkte festzuhalten. Die Entwicklung und die Einführung einer Dekontaminationslösung für kanzerogene Fasern ermöglicht die Reduzierung der Faserexposition kanzerogener Stoffe. Die Reduzierung der kanzerogenen Stoffe führt zu einer Verbesserung der Verfahren und zu einer Reduzierung des Materialeinsatzes, beispielsweise von kontaminierten Filtern oder dergleichen. Die Arbeitsprozesse werden durch den Einsatz einer Dekontaminationslösung für kanzerogene Fasern erheblich vereinfacht. Der Zeitbedarf für die Dekontamination von einem Quadratmeter kontaminierter Konstruktion wird auf 15% des bisher berechneten Zeitbedarfs reduziert. Kostenintensive Baustelleneinrichtungen, die beispielsweise bei einem Strahlverfahren benötigt werden, entfallen. Abgesehen von den mit Dekontaminationslösung für kanzerogene Fasern getränkten kanzerogenen Fasermassen fallen im Rahmen der Erfindung keine weiteren Fraktionen an, die entsorgt werden müssen.After the laboratory test and the evaluation of the procedure in the context of a sample rehabilitation the following points should be noted. The development and introduction of a decontamination solution for carcinogenic fibers enables the reduction of fiber exposure of carcinogenic substances. The reduction of the carcinogenic substances leads to an improvement of the methods and to a reduction of the use of materials, for example of contaminated filters or the like. The work processes are considerably simplified by the use of a decontamination solution for carcinogenic fibers. The time required for the decontamination of one square meter of contaminated construction is reduced to 15% of the previously calculated time requirement. Costly construction site equipment, which are required for example in a blasting process, eliminated. Apart from the carcinogenic fiber masses impregnated with decontamination solution for carcinogenic fibers, no further fractions fall within the scope of the invention, which have to be disposed of.
Claims (1)
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DE201210006763 DE102012006763B4 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | Method for removing coatings from carcinogenic fibers |
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DE201210006763 DE102012006763B4 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | Method for removing coatings from carcinogenic fibers |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2017071675A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | Katrin Rudolphi | Reconstruction solution for removing coatings of carcinogenic fibers using an organic or inorganic contrast agent for visualizing the penetration of hydrochloric acid into carcinogenic fibers |
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GB432464A (en) * | 1934-06-23 | 1935-07-26 | Bela Gaspar | An improved method for the production of combined sound and kinematograph films |
DE944232C (en) * | 1951-08-31 | 1956-06-07 | Tru Colour Film Ltd | Process for producing colored images |
DE19529930A1 (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-02-06 | Witega Angewandte Werkstoff Forschung Gemeinnuetzige Gmbh Adlershof | Fertiliser from waste contg. the hazardous material asbestos - produced by treatment e.g. with heat or acid |
WO1997027902A1 (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1997-08-07 | Hja-Engineering Oy | Method of decomposing asbestos-containing wastes |
JP2007296416A (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-11-15 | Kourousha:Kk | Detoxifying method for asbestos |
JP2008272564A (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-11-13 | Daio Kensetsu Kk | Asbestos detoxification treatment method and its apparatus |
US20110101267A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-05-05 | Institut National Polytechnique De Toulouse | Acid treatment under low temperature and pressure of waste containing asbestos |
-
2012
- 2012-03-29 DE DE201210006763 patent/DE102012006763B4/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB432464A (en) * | 1934-06-23 | 1935-07-26 | Bela Gaspar | An improved method for the production of combined sound and kinematograph films |
DE944232C (en) * | 1951-08-31 | 1956-06-07 | Tru Colour Film Ltd | Process for producing colored images |
DE19529930A1 (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-02-06 | Witega Angewandte Werkstoff Forschung Gemeinnuetzige Gmbh Adlershof | Fertiliser from waste contg. the hazardous material asbestos - produced by treatment e.g. with heat or acid |
WO1997027902A1 (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1997-08-07 | Hja-Engineering Oy | Method of decomposing asbestos-containing wastes |
JP2007296416A (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-11-15 | Kourousha:Kk | Detoxifying method for asbestos |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2017071675A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | Katrin Rudolphi | Reconstruction solution for removing coatings of carcinogenic fibers using an organic or inorganic contrast agent for visualizing the penetration of hydrochloric acid into carcinogenic fibers |
CN108290064A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-07-17 | 卡特琳.鲁道夫 | Visualization for removing infiltration of the removing solution, hydrochloric acid with organic or inorganic contrast medium of carcinogenic fiber coat in carcinogenic fiber |
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