DE102012005488A1 - Composite-operational amplifier e.g. single-step difference trans-conductance amplifier, has connector formed as amplifier's inverted input, and main-forward signal path whose input is connected with output of auxiliary-forward signal path - Google Patents
Composite-operational amplifier e.g. single-step difference trans-conductance amplifier, has connector formed as amplifier's inverted input, and main-forward signal path whose input is connected with output of auxiliary-forward signal path Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102012005488A1 DE102012005488A1 DE201210005488 DE102012005488A DE102012005488A1 DE 102012005488 A1 DE102012005488 A1 DE 102012005488A1 DE 201210005488 DE201210005488 DE 201210005488 DE 102012005488 A DE102012005488 A DE 102012005488A DE 102012005488 A1 DE102012005488 A1 DE 102012005488A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45076—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
- H03F3/45179—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier using MOSFET transistors as the active amplifying circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/34—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45076—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
- H03F3/45179—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier using MOSFET transistors as the active amplifying circuit
- H03F3/45183—Long tailed pairs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45466—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the CSC being controlled, e.g. by a signal derived from a non specified place in the dif amp circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45644—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the LC comprising a cross coupling circuit, e.g. comprising two cross-coupled transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45702—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the LC comprising two resistors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1. Einleitung: Die Erfindung betrifft einen für den Einsatz in der Audiotechnik bevorzugten VF-(voltage feedback)-Komposit-Operationsverstärker mit paralleler oder serieller Architektur mit aktiver Aufhebung von Nichtlinearitäten. Die beiden Architekturen sind mit identischen Bauelementen ausgestaltet, intern jedoch unterschiedlich beschaltet. Der Komposit-Operationsverstärker setzt sich aus zwei schaltungsidentischen, spannungsgesteuerten Differenzverstärkern und aus einem Feedforward-Spannungsfolger mit zwei emittergekoppelten Transistoren in Kollektorschaltung zusammen. Die parallele und serielle Architektur besitzen verschiedene Schleifenverstärkung, sodass der Einfluss vom Parameter „Schleifenverstärkung” auf nichtlineare Verzerrungen mit einer Vergleichsmessung genauer untersucht werden kann. In der Audiotechnik kommen heute diverse monolitische integrierte Schaltungen mm Einsatz, welche als „Audio-Operationsverstärker” bezeichnet werden. Der hier in Betracht gezogene Audio-Operationsverstärker ist für typische Anwendungen gedacht, d. h. wenn der gewünschte Verstärkungsfaktor mit der negativen Gegenkoppelung auf einen Wert zwischen 1 und 10 eingestellt wird (Aktivfilter, Spannungsfolger, Verstärkerstufe usw.). Besondere Sorgfalt bezüglich der Stabilität muss auf den Schaltungsentwurf bei einem Verstärkungsfaktor gleich eins verwendet werden.1. Introduction: The invention relates to a VF (voltage feedback) composite operational amplifier with parallel or serial architecture with active cancellation of non-linearities which is preferred for use in audio technology. The two architectures are designed with identical components, but internally wired differently. The composite operational amplifier is composed of two circuit-identical, voltage-controlled differential amplifiers and of a feedforward voltage follower with two emitter-coupled transistors in the collector circuit. The parallel and serial architectures have different loop gain, so the influence of the loop gain parameter on non-linear distortion can be more accurately examined with a comparative measurement. Various monolithic integrated circuits mm are used in audio technology today, which are referred to as "audio operational amplifiers". The audio op-amp considered here is intended for typical applications, i. H. when the desired amplification factor with the negative feedback is set to a value between 1 and 10 (active filter, voltage follower, amplifier stage, etc.). Particular care for stability must be applied to the circuit design with a unity gain.
2. Stand der Technik: Wie aus der Feedback-Theorie bekannt, wirkt eine zu große Leerlaufverstärkung (etwa 120 dB) bei herkömmlichen monolithischen Operationsverstärkern derer Stabilität entgegen, wobei nichtlineare Verzerrungen durch eine starke Gegenkopplung nicht vollständig neutralisiert sondern teilweise stark unterdrückt werden. Abgesehen vom Stabilitätsproblem besitzen Standard-OV, sowohl monolithische als auch diskret aufgebaute Schaltungen, keine Mechanismen zur Reduzierung von Nichtlinearitäten am Ort ihrer Entstehung. Eine der wenigen Ausnahmen ist der FET-OV Typ OPA2604 von Texas Instruments oder der BJT-OV Typ AD797 von Analog Devices, siehe [1]:
Eine Kreuzanordnung mit zwei Transistoren jedoch ohne Basis-Widerstände ist aus der Patentschrift [7]:
Der Erfindung liegt die Hauptaufgabe zur Grunde, optimale Schaltungsanordnung des eingangs genannten Audio-Operationsverstärkers zu definieren, wobei induzierte Nichtlinearitäten aktiv reduziert werden, ohne große Schleifenverstärkung anwenden zu müssen. Ein rückgekoppelter VF-Operationsverstärker mit optimaler Architektur für Audioanwendungen soll möglichst exakt folgende Eigenschaften besitzen, aufgelistet nach ihrer Wichtigkeit: 1. geringe nichtlineare Verzerrungen im Wechselstrombetrieb, 2. eine Open-Loop-Übertragungsfunktion in Form einer 1-Pol-Funktion (dominanter RC-Pol) für bedingungslose Stabilität, 3. hohe Gleichtakt-(CMRR) sowie Versorgungsspannungsunterdrückung (PSRR) und 4. geringe Offsetspannung und einfache Realisierung.The main object of the invention is to define an optimal circuit arrangement of the aforementioned audio operational amplifier, wherein induced non-linearities are actively reduced without having to apply large loop amplification. A feedback VF operational amplifier with optimal architecture for audio applications should have the following properties as precisely as possible, listed according to their importance: 1. low non-linear distortion in
Die Aufgabe ist mit einem Komposit-Design und mit einer Feedforward-Architektur der Ausgangstufe gelöst: Bei den Komposit-Verstärkern werden generell mindestens zwei konventionelle Operationsverstärker so beschaltet, dass gesamte Performance besser werden, als wenn jeder einzelne Operationsverstärker die Funktion allein hätte übernehmen müssen. Also frequenzgangkompensierte
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung der Hauptaufgabe ist durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gegeben. Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 4 enthalten vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The inventive solution of the main task is given by the characterizing features of
3. Beschreibung der Erfindung: Die Zeichnung
Grundgedanke der Erfindung zur Aufhebung von Nichtlinearitäten am Eingang besteht darin, die beiden Eingänge von zwei nahezu identischen Differenzverstärkern immer in Reihe miteinander zu beschalten, jedoch in Bezug auf Polarität entgegengesetzt, damit die Spannungen zwischen den beiden Eingängen in Summe voneinander abgezogen werden können. Zwei mögliche Architekturen mit dem Designmerkmal sind gefunden, abhängig davon, wie jeweilige Vorwärtssignalpfade von den beiden Differenzverstärkern intern beschaltet sind: parallel,
Ein Differenzverstärker mit Bipolar-Transistoren erzeugt Verzerrungen durch kubische Kennlinie, wodurch im Signalspektrum die ungeradzahligen Harmonischen (k3, k5, k7 usw.) enthalten sind, siehe
A differential amplifier with bipolar transistors generates distortions due to cubic characteristic, which in the signal spectrum, the odd harmonics (k3, k5, k7, etc.) are included, see
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- US 5166637 [0002] US 5166637 [0002]
- JP 3284004 A [0002] JP 3284004 A [0002]
- US 5113147 [0003] US 5113147 [0003]
- DE 19614996 A [0016] DE 19614996 A [0016]
- US 6788148 B2 [0016] US 6788148 B2 [0016]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- ABS Preprint 3231, Wurcer Scott, „An Operational Amplifier Architecture with a Single Gain Stage and Distortion Gancellation” [0002] ABS Preprint 3231, Wurcer Scott, "An Operational Amplifier Architecture with a Single Gain Stage and Distortion Gancellation" [0002]
- William H. Gross, „Source Resistance Induced Distortion in Op Amps”, Design Note 84. Tests für „output linearity” [0002] William H. Gross, "Source Resistance Induced Distortion in Op Amps," Design Note 84. Tests for "output linearity" [0002]
- Samuel Groner, „Operational Amplifier Distortion”, October 19, 2009 [0002] Samuel Groner, "Operational Amplifier Distortion", October 19, 2009 [0002]
- Johan H. Huijsing „Operational Amplifiers, Theory and Design”, Seite 271–272, ISBN 0-7923-7284-0 [0003] Johan H. Huijsing "Operational Amplifiers, Theory and Design", pages 271-272, ISBN 0-7923-7284-0 [0003]
- Standard-OV wie Typ LM833 (dual) oder LM837 (quad) von National Semiconductor oder Typ NE5534 [0005] Standard OV such as type LM833 (dual) or LM837 (quad) from National Semiconductor or type NE5534 [0005]
- JAES Vol. 39, No. 3, 1991 March, J. Scott and G. Spears, ”On the Advantages of Nested Feedback Loops [0016] JAES Vol. 39, no. 3, 1991 March, J. Scott and G. Spears, "On the Advantages of Nested Feedback Loops [0016]
- Russel O. Hamm, „Tubes versus Transistors-Is There an Audible Difference?” [0016] Russel O. Hamm, "Tubes versus Transistors-Is There an Audible Difference?" [0016]
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201210005488 DE102012005488B4 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | Composite op-amp with parallel or serial architecture with active cancellation of nonlinearities |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE201210005488 DE102012005488B4 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | Composite op-amp with parallel or serial architecture with active cancellation of nonlinearities |
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DE102012005488A1 true DE102012005488A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
DE102012005488B4 DE102012005488B4 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
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DE201210005488 Expired - Fee Related DE102012005488B4 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | Composite op-amp with parallel or serial architecture with active cancellation of nonlinearities |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4820997A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1989-04-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Differential amplifier circuit |
JPH03284004A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-13 | Toshiba Corp | Emitter-follower circuit |
US5113147A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-05-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Wide-band differential amplifier using gm-cancellation |
US5166637A (en) | 1992-03-16 | 1992-11-24 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Distortion cancellation amplifier system |
US5465072A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1995-11-07 | Linear Technology Corporation | Tunable operational transcondunctance amplifier having high linearity |
DE19614996A1 (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1997-10-23 | Drazenko Dipl Ing Sukalo | Polarity independent differential amplifier |
US6788148B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2004-09-07 | Centellax, Inc. | Voltage-limited distributed current source for ultra-broadband impedance termination |
-
2012
- 2012-03-19 DE DE201210005488 patent/DE102012005488B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4820997A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1989-04-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Differential amplifier circuit |
JPH03284004A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-13 | Toshiba Corp | Emitter-follower circuit |
US5113147A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-05-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Wide-band differential amplifier using gm-cancellation |
US5166637A (en) | 1992-03-16 | 1992-11-24 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Distortion cancellation amplifier system |
US5465072A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1995-11-07 | Linear Technology Corporation | Tunable operational transcondunctance amplifier having high linearity |
DE19614996A1 (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1997-10-23 | Drazenko Dipl Ing Sukalo | Polarity independent differential amplifier |
US6788148B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2004-09-07 | Centellax, Inc. | Voltage-limited distributed current source for ultra-broadband impedance termination |
Non-Patent Citations (11)
Title |
---|
ABS Preprint 3231, Wurcer Scott, "An Operational Amplifier Architecture with a Single Gain Stage and Distortion Gancellation" |
GROSS, W. H.: Source Resistant Induced Distortion in Op Amps. Design Note 84, Linear Technology Corporation, 1994 * |
Huijsing, J. H.: Operational Amplifiers, Theory and Design, ISBN 0-7923-7284-0, S. 271-272 * |
JAES Vol. 39, No. 3, 1991 March, J. Scott and G. Spears, "On the Advantages of Nested Feedback Loops |
Johan H. Huijsing "Operational Amplifiers, Theory and Design", Seite 271-272, ISBN 0-7923-7284-0 |
Russel O. Hamm, "Tubes versus Transistors-Is There an Audible Difference?" |
Samuel Groner, "Operational Amplifier Distortion", October 19, 2009 |
SCOTT, J.; SPEARS G.: On the Advantage of Nested Feedback Loops. Journal Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 39, No. 3, March 1991 * |
Standard-OV wie Typ LM833 (dual) oder LM837 (quad) von National Semiconductor oder Typ NE5534 |
William H. Gross, "Source Resistance Induced Distortion in Op Amps", Design Note 84. Tests für "output linearity" |
WURCER, S.: An Operational Amplifier Architecture with a Single Gain Stage and Distortion Cancellation. AES Preprint 3231, Audio Engeering Society, 92nd Convention, 24-27 März 1992 * |
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