DE102012000979A1 - Method for connecting e.g. screw with metal sheet workpiece utilized in furniture industry, involves deforming component portion such that material of portion forms fixed connection between attachment element and component - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves bringing an attachment element (1) into a component aperture (7) such that a part of the attachment element is surrounded by a raised component portion. The raised component portion is deformed such that material of the raised component portion is pressed against the attachment element by deformation and forms a fixed connection between the attachment element and a component. A component layer (4) is brought in position with another component layer (5) such that the component aperture and another component aperture (6) of the component layers are aligned with each other. An independent claim is also included for a tool for connecting an attachment element with a component.

Description

State of the art:

In the field of cohesive manufacturing processes, mechanical joining technologies such as joining by assembly or joining by forming are known. The relevant components or workpieces can in particular be connected to defined fastening elements using specially adapted tools. In this case, different material properties of the components involved must be taken into account.

Purpose and advantages of the invention

Object of the present invention is to improve the joining of workpieces with a fastener, in particular with regard to the widest possible use of different materials of the workpieces, such as metals, plastics or composite materials.

This object is solved by the independent claims.

The invention is initially based on a method for connecting a fastening element to a component, wherein the component has a component opening around which on one component side a component portion increased to remaining portions of the component side is present and the fastening element and the component opening are coordinated so that the fastener can be introduced into the component opening.

The shape of the component opening is adapted to the outer shape of the portion of the fastener, which is present in the region of the component opening when connecting, matched. The term component opening is to be understood as meaning both an opening in exactly one component layer of a plurality of component layers forming the component, and the plurality of openings of the component layers being referred to as a component opening.

Preferably, a round component opening is provided for a corresponding cylindrical portion of the fastening element. The diameter of the component opening is advantageously slightly larger than an outer diameter of the relevant portion of the fastener. Thus, the fastener without the risk of sticking or without a tilting problem can be plugged into the component opening.

In particular, the component opening is formed with the raised component portion as a collar passage, hereinafter also referred to as a passage. The passage comprises the opening in the component as well as the raised component portion, also referred to as a collar. The collar is raised or designed to be continuous and forms an opening edge for component opening. Draft is preferably formed in plate-like workpieces or in sheets in a stamping process with a punch in cooperation with a punching die.

Advantageously, the passage is converted by means of an applied tensile pressure load from an originally flat or plate-like component, for example, from a sheet metal material. Preferably, the passage is made in a one-step process. The collar typically has a smaller thickness or wall thickness than the thickness of the starting component or the sheet metal workpiece prior to the production of the passage.

The component may comprise exactly one component layer or multiple component layers, the term component in the following being to be understood generally and not always being distinguished between the cases.

A first essential aspect of the invention is that the fastening element is introduced into the component opening such that at least part of the fastening element is surrounded by the raised component portion, and the raised component portion is deformed such that material of the raised component portion by deformation of the fastener is pressed and forms a solid in particular a positive and non-positive connection between the fastener and the component. The compound can be solvable or insoluble.

In this way, especially connecting tasks with regard to modern lightweight structures can be realized advantageously. So far, such materials can not be connected with the known joining techniques or only with great effort. The materials in question include, in particular, fiber-reinforced plastics and ultra-high-strength steel materials. With the method according to the invention, the field of application of mechanical joining techniques can also be extended to cases in which the materials mentioned are used.

The component may be in one piece or in one piece or in several parts. A multi-part component can from different component layers such. B. sheet metal layers, wherein at least one component layer of the plurality of component layers includes the passage with the raised component portion. Except for a variant according to the invention discussed below, as a rule, all component layers have before Connecting operation on an opening for reaching through the fastener. It is also not excluded that more than one component layer of the multiple component layers have a passage.

The fastener used is preferably adapted to the method according to the invention, in terms of shape, dimensions and material properties. However, it is also possible to use proven fastening elements from other applications, for example screws or rivets with circumferential elevations and / or depressions or grooves in a shaft section.

In the relevant process of connecting or deforming the raised component portion by pressing or molding it on the outside of the fastening element, the fastening element takes in particular a defined or predeterminable position relative to the component, advantageously a mechanical stop position. Furthermore, the fastener can be put under tension during molding, to introduce a bias in the compound. Preferably, a fastener is used with a setting head, a head portion or a flat head geometry and an adjoining shaft portion, wherein external dimensions of the head portion exceed the outer dimensions of the shaft portion.

With the method according to the invention, in particular, a non-detachable or nondestructive releasable connection is created. Alternatively, such fasteners can be used, for. As screws with which a detachable connection can be realized.

For example, in the abutment position, a part of the head section, for example a flat underside of the head, abut surface on an upper side of the component, with the upper side of the side facing the raised component section. By pressing against each other of the head portion and the component, the stop position is secured. For example, the fastener is pressed against the fixed held component in the component opening until reaching the stop position.

The fastening element can be matched to the component or the passage that after completion of the compound which is present at the passage end of the fastener recessed, flush or superior to the protruding pressed-on component section is present. In the superior case of the fastener, this part can be used particularly advantageous for a further function of the connected fastener. Alternatively or additionally, the head of the fastening element can provide a further function.

When connecting the fastening element to the component, in particular no deformation of the fastening element or of sections of the fastening element takes place. However, it is also possible that a deformation of the fastener takes place or desired and / or permissible. Even areas of the component outside the elevated component portion are not or only slightly deformed or pressed against the fastener. Thus, the component can remain unchanged in its essential form. In particular, only a local deformation of the component takes place around the component opening or at the connection point. The compound can be formed especially as a point connection.

By a local deformation of the component or a component layer, work hardening can be introduced, which positively influence the strength of the connection.

The deformation of the material of the raised component portion can be done in different ways. In the case of a fixed component together with a fastener introduced, the deforming means can be used, for example, to push on an adapter piece or a die of a corresponding tool according to the invention on the raised component portion in order to deform the raised component portion. Alternatively, it can be pulled at a free end of the fastener or the shaft and thereby the shank are pulled through an opening of the fitting or the die of a corresponding tool, the die comes to bear against the outside of the raised component portion and thereby the deformation of the component material ,

It is also a pliers-like movement of, for example, die jaws of the tool conceivable, which deform in a closing movement of the raised component portion or the pull-through collar from the outside radially inwardly pressed and pressed against the radially inner existing shaft portion of the fastener.

The fastening element may be designed solely for connection to the component or additionally have a function that goes beyond the connection function. A trained as such a functional element fastener may have as other functions in the connected state on the component, for example, a usable thread or a joint or bearing function, for example, a ball joint with a spherical body at one end of the fastener.

An advantageous variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the fastening element for producing the component opening in the component is used to form a component section which is elevated on a component side to form remaining sections, so that after the component opening has been produced, the fastening element (FIG. 21 ) is introduced into the component opening and is held in a position relative to the component, in which at least a part of the fastening element is surrounded by the raised component portion, and the raised component portion is deformed such that material of the raised component portion is pressed by deformation of the fastener and forms a firm connection between the fastener and the component. It is particularly preferred that the opening with the raised component portion is created as a collar passage in a one-step punching operation with the fastening element. The fastening element is preferably designed as a punch rivet, for example, as Halbhohlstanzniet or punch.

Thus, it is advantageously possible to create the connection more effectively. In particular, the preparation of the passage in the component does not have to take place with a separate punching operation or, if necessary, with a tool necessary for this purpose prior to the introduction of the fastening element, but the preparation of the passage and the actual connection between the fastening element and the component can take place in one Procedure or done with exactly one tool.

Thus, the production of the passage can be made in particular immediately before connecting the fastener to the component by the fastener itself.

This is also advantageous because a procedure for connecting can be shortened or optimized in terms of time if necessary. In particular, the location of the connection of the fastener to the component prior to punching and joining need not be exactly predetermined, as is the case with a prepared pull-through. In addition, in a pre-existing passage, the fastener must be positioned exactly spatially positioned in the component opening to z. B. does not rest on the edge of the component opening. The tool must therefore be precisely guided to the appropriate location, which can adversely affect temporally or control technology.

For the formation of the passage with the fastening element this must be formed in particular with a corresponding punching contour in the shaft portion. About a formed at the front region or free end of the shaft portion punching contour with a punch cutting the punching of the component can be done advantageously. For receiving a stamped out of the component punching material or a Stanzbutzens, it is advantageous if the fastening element comprises a hollow contour lying inside the punching contour and is designed under the head with a groove. An inventive tool must also have a matched to the punching fastener mold part to form a desired shaped passage can. The vote must be made in particular with regard to the shape and dimension of the component opening and the protruding component section. In this case, parameters such as the height of the protruding component portion to remaining portions of the relevant component side, the wall thickness of the raised component portion and the shape of the transition from the component in the raised component section are relevant.

The fastener can dive when punching in a recess of the female part of a corresponding die of a tool according to the invention, wherein it is advantageously possible in conjunction with a mandrel-like part of the die, that the punched punching of an end face of the mandrel-like part by its immersion in the hollow region of the fastener is pushed in the further connection process in the hollow area and remains there permanently. Advantageously, therefore, no punched neck removal on the tool must be provided. In addition, the punched slug accommodated in the hollow region may, if appropriate, advantageously influence the stability of the connected fastening element, which particularly concerns a risk of plastic deformation of the punching contour or of the shaft section.

As a rule, it is the case that the fastening element remains plowed through the component in this or in the region of the passage after punching through of the component, and in particular immediately thereafter or in a continuous method step the raised component portion is pressed against the fastening element.

The female part is advantageously designed in such a coordinated manner that, when the material of the raised component section is pressed against the outside of the fastening element, the transition from the relevant component side into the raised component section is formed in a defined manner. For example, a trough-shaped or concave transition can be formed or another transition. Preference is given to the pressed-on elevated component portion formed by embossing with portions of the female part recessed impression or a closed circumferentially formed indentation in the component or formed on the component side. This essentially determines the pressing process.

It is also advantageous that, prior to connecting the fastening element to the component, a first component layer having a component opening is brought into position relative to another component layer such that the component openings of the component layers are aligned with one another, wherein the fastening element is introduced into the component openings aligned with one another, and the raised component portion is pressed against the fastening element on one of the two component layers. The component therefore has the first component layer and the second component layer. The two component layers are preferably configured as separate component layers before the fastener is connected to the component. Thus, the component layers can be variably selected from different materials or in different dimensions.

Alternatively, all of the several component layers may be unperforated prior to joining and according to the invention punched through with the fastening element and connected thereto.

In particular, the mutually aligned openings have identical or at least almost identical opening dimensions or opening diameters. The openings of the different component layers can also be shaped or dimensioned differently. However, it is also possible for the openings of the component layers to be aligned symmetrically with respect to one another and to form a through-passage for the fastening element.

With the introduction into the opening and the connection of the fastener advantageously the two previously unconnected component layers can be interconnected. Because with the pressing of the raised component portion on one of the component layers on the fastening element, a fixation of the two component layers to each other at the connection point is established.

In addition, different component layers, in particular component layers consisting of different materials, can be advantageously connected. The component position with the passage further component position, which bears opposite to the side of the passage, may in particular consist of a difficult-to-form material or a high-strength steel sheet, a fiber-reinforced plastic or an aluminum-based sheet. The component layer with the raised component portion, however, preferably consists of a comparatively easily deformable material, for example, from a standard sheet material.

It is also advantageous that, prior to connecting the fastening element to the component, a plurality of component layers, each having a component opening, are brought into position relative to one another in such a way that the component openings of the component layers are aligned with one another, wherein the fastening element is introduced into the component openings aligned with one another and the raised one Part section of the relevant component position is pressed against the fastener. The method according to the invention can advantageously be used for a plurality of, in particular, different component layers.

With the always necessarily present component position with the component opening and the associated elevated component portion, two or more further component layers, in particular plate-like component layers, can be connected in this way. For example, three or more flat or sheet-like component layers can be connected to one another in a sandwich-like or stacked manner using the method according to the invention.

Again, it is particularly advantageous if the respective openings have identical or almost identical internal dimensions in all component layers. However, there are also different inner dimensions of the openings of the respective different component layers possible. The component layers can then be positioned on one another in such a way that their openings are aligned with one another or, if necessary, aligned adjacent to one another and the fastening element can be introduced perpendicular to the component side into the through-channel formed by the openings or their walls. One of the two outer component layers has the passage, so that its elevated component portion is subsequently deformed and pressed against the shank portion of the fastening element. In this case, the other outer component layer is in particular fixed in a clamping manner to the other component layers by the head section of the fastening element which is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft section and which abuts in the stop position on the outer component layer.

The outer component layer of the comparatively easily deformable material, even in the presence of further provided with one opening each component layers can be provided only by the trained as a punch fastener with the passage, as already explained above. The fastener must be tuned for use in multiple component layers in the length of the shaft portion on the component layers to be joined together or their entire thickness in the direction of insertion of the fastener. This includes both flush and non-flush states of the component connecting introduced fastener that can survive on the component in particular.

The component layers to which the passage further component layers are formed, for example, as a pre-punched plate or sheet-like component layers, ie in particular without elevated part of the component or without passage. However, it is not excluded that at least one of the further component layers is likewise provided with an elevated component section or with a passage. However, the further passages are not deformed when connecting to the fastening element as a rule. With the raised component sections on the further component layers, it is possible, for example, to set up permanently existing or precisely predefinable distances in the region of the increase between component parts sides of adjacent component layers and possibly positively influence the connection properties.

A further advantageous variant of the invention is characterized in that the deformation of the raised component portion and the contact pressure of the material of the raised component portion is performed on the fastener after the fastener is inserted into the opening of the component with the raised component portion and the stop position relative to Component takes. For a position-exact insertion of the fastener is ensured in the component. Furthermore, a mechanically stable attachment point can be set up between the fastening element and the component.

In a further advantageous variant of the method according to the invention, the stop position of the fastening element is secured by the application of retaining means on the fastening element and / or the component for connecting the fastening element with the component. Thus, the fastening element can be brought into a precisely desired position relative to the component and held permanently over the period of the connection process. The holding means are in particular realized by parts of punch and / or die arrangements of corresponding tools. This comparatively high deformation and / or contact forces can be realized without the fastener can perform an evasive movement.

As a holding means are on a tool according to the invention, for example, on the upper side and / or lower side to the component can be arranged punch or die parts conceivable.

An advantageous variation of the invention is characterized in that the raised component portion is deformed by deformation means and pressed against the fastener. The deformation means may comprise a rigid part, with which the raised component portion is crushed. Also, a tool part formed from at least two mutually movable parts of the connecting tool for deforming the raised component portion can be used.

In this context, it is also advantageous that the raised component portion is deformed under a relative movement between the deformation means and the raised component portion, wherein the relative movement is related to a height direction of the raised component portion. Thus, for example, only the deformation means can be moved, or alone the component with the introduced fastener.

Advantageously, the deformation of the raised component portion is carried out so that no deformation of the fastener takes place. It may alternatively also be advantageous that a certain deformation of the raised component section takes place or is permissible. For this purpose, the applied forces and / or the strength of the fastener are designed accordingly.

It is also advantageous if the fastening element is introduced and secured in exactly one component with a passage, which has a component opening with a component section which is elevated to remaining sections of a component side, in the region of the passage.

According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the fastening element is introduced and secured in exactly one component without a passage, wherein the fastening element in the exactly one component forms a passage in the component during the connection process.

It is also advantageous if the fastening element is introduced into a plurality of component layers, wherein all component layers are perforated and at least one lowermost component layer has a passage which has a component opening with a component section raised to remaining sections of a component side and the raised component section is pressed against the fastening element ,

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the fastening element is introduced into several component layers, wherein all component layers are perforated except for a lowermost component layer and the lowermost component layer is unperforated, in which the formed as a punching element fastener during the connection process forms a passage in the component, wherein the passage a component opening having a raised to remaining portions of a component side component portion.

Finally, it is advantageous that the fastening element is introduced into a plurality of component layers, wherein all component layers are unperforated and punched during punching element formed as a punching element fastening element punched through the upper component layers and forms a passage in the bottom component, the passage a component opening with a remaining Having portions of a component side elevated component portion.

An advantage can also be seen in that the material of a collar of the passage or the material of the raised component portion is formed on the fastener by a tensile force is applied to the inserted in the component fastener and / or a relative movement between the tool and the Component takes place.

The invention also relates to a tool for connecting a fastening element to a component, wherein the component has a component opening around which on one component side to a remaining portions of the component side elevated component portion is present and the fastener and the component opening are coordinated so that the fastener into the component opening can be introduced to connect the fastener with the component. The gist of this aspect of the invention is that deformation means are provided for deforming the raised component portion to press the raised component portion against the fastener. In this way, the advantages set out above for the connection method according to the invention can be achieved with the proposed tool. In particular, the tool is designed to carry out the connection method discussed above. Advantageously, retaining means for fixing the component and the fastening element introduced into the component opening in a desired connection position are also present to one another.

An advantageous variant of the tool is characterized in that a die element is provided with a matched to the raised component part die opening, with a relative movement between the die element and the raised component portion, a wall portion of the die opening can be brought outside in contact pressure on the raised portion of the component and wherein with a progression of the relative movement perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane of the die opening of the raised component portion is deformable.

With the tool, for example, by slipping over the die element including the die opening on the raised part of the component, for. B. with a front in the direction of movement widening opening edge of the die opening, the raised component portion squeezed and pressed against outer regions of the fastener. Accordingly, the deformation can advantageously be effected solely by a linear movement of a tool part provided by the tool. Thus, the tool according to the invention can be easily integrated or adapted in known press or riveting systems with reciprocating tool parts.

It is also advantageous that holding means are provided for holding the component and / or the introduced in the component opening in the stop position fastener.

This is advantageous for fixing the fastening element in the opening in a desired connection position. For example, a tool part is present, in which an opening or depression is present, which is designed to fit exactly for a positive retention of the fastener or a head portion of the fastener. The head section can for example be held so that the fastener is secured against rotation and longitudinal displacement in the desired insertion or connection position in the component opening.

An advantageous embodiment of the tool according to the invention is characterized in that on a die side of the tool hold-down means for fixing the components or component layers during the joining process and / or Abstreifmittel on a die side of the tool for lifting the compound or components are provided after the joining process.

figure description

Further advantages or features of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to different schematically illustrated in the figures embodiments. In detail shows:

1 a sectional view in the region of an introduced into openings of two component layers of a component fastener, during the connection method according to the invention with a tool according to the invention in a state before a deformation process of a collar pass,

2 a sectional view in the region of the two component layers according to 1 in a connection state completed according to the invention,

3 a sectional view in the range of two component layers of a component with a fastener, during an alternative inventive connecting method with a Tool according to the invention in a state immediately before a method step for creating a collar pass in a component position,

4 starting from the view according to 3 a later process step of the alternative joining method according to the invention after the creation of the collar pass, and

5 one with the alternative method or tool according to the invention in the 3 and 4 shown process steps completed compound.

In the figures, greatly enlarged and fragmentary schematic or simplified sectional views in the region of a fastener with two component layers of a component are shown, wherein different process steps for the preparation of the compound or the completed connection are shown. The thickness of the component layers can be arbitrary, can typically be, for example, in the lower single-digit millimeter range for a component location, in particular between less than about one millimeter and up to 2 to 6 millimeters. The fastener is advantageously matched accordingly.

1 shows a method step of a variant of a method according to the invention for connecting a bolt 1 trained fastener with two sheet-like component layers 4 and 5 a component, wherein the two component layers 4 . 5 each can still extend beyond the area shown in the cutout on both sides. In 1 is achieved by previously performed process steps, a state in which the bolt 1 , the one flat head 2 and an adjoining shaft 3 through, through openings 6 and 7 the component layers 4 and 5 is pushed through. The bolt 1 is in a stop position on the component or on the component position 4 , This is achieved in that a shaft-side flat bottom 2a Of the head 2 flat rests on an equally flat surface top 4a the component location 4 , The to a connecting axis S, which with the longitudinal axis of the positioncorrect in the openings 6 . 7 plugged in 1 coincides, symmetrical bolts 1 has a larger outer diameter in the area of the head 2 opposite a significant outer diameter in the region of the shaft 3 on. The head 2 may be cylindrical on the outside or have a non-cylindrical, for example, a polygonal base in order to hold the head against rotation can. The shaft 3 is advantageously in an upper to the head 2 subsequent shaft section 3a cylindrical in its outer shape. A subsequent shaft section 3b is profiled on its outer or shell side or provided with respect to the relevant outer diameter recessed formed areas. The shaft section 3b is exemplary with a uniform groove structure 8th with parallel, transverse to the longitudinal axis S of the bolt 1 aligned semi-circular shaped grooves provided. In the example shown, four are similar circumferentially continuous grooves 9 . 10 . 11 and 12 available.

Alternatively, various other structures in the shaft are conceivable, for example with non-uniform grooves and / or structures extending in the longitudinal direction of the shaft in the shaft, for example longitudinal grooves.

Shape, orientation and number of grooves 9 to 12 in the shaft section 3b can be variable or deviate from the groove structure shown, also fundamentally differently shaped recesses may be present. For example, with thread-like or helically extending grooves outside of the shaft portion 3b , The between adjacent recesses or grooves 9 to 12 existing and to a recess bottom of the grooves 9 to 12 elevated areas or webs are in their height by the relevant outer diameter of the shaft 3 limited.

The two component layers 4 and 5 are designed differently in the pre-punched area shown and may consist of similar or different materials, for example of metal materials.

Metal materials are preferably present on the die side. Other materials may be provided on the die side or in particular stamp side, such as plastics, wood or fabric such as fabrics or carpets. This can be applications such. B. in the furniture industry to realize, for example, wood surfaces with visible rivet heads on metal sheets.

The opening 6 in the upper head-side component position 4 has a diameter that is slightly larger than a diameter of the opening 7 in the underlying component position 5 ,

Both diameters of the openings 6 . 7 are each only slightly larger, for example in the range of fractions of a millimeter, than the relevant outer diameter of the shaft 3 , so that in a previous connection suitable positioning of the two component layers 4 and 5 the bolt 1 or its shaft 3 without problems in the openings 6 . 7 can be introduced. It is assumed that the two openings 6 . 7 are aligned with each other so that they are positioned concentrically about the common connecting axis S, as this 1 shows.

In the connection-suitable positioning of the two component layers 4 and 5 are also flat flat sections of a bottom 4b of the component 4 and flat planar sections of a top 5a the component location 5 in contact with each other. In principle or alternatively, the sections of the component layers which come into mutual contact can also be provided with a structure.

The component position 4 is formed as a pre-punched plate-shaped workpiece, for example of a high-stiffness aluminum sheet or a plastic material, for example a fiber-reinforced plastic.

The component position 5 is in the connection area with a collar passage or passage 13 provided, which the opening 7 includes. The passage 13 also has an elevated component portion or a collar 14 on. In this case, a wall thickness a of a front part of the collar 14 typically less than the thickness b of the component layer 5 where a is, for example, on the order of a third of the component thickness b of the component layer 5 lies.

The component position 5 In particular, it is likewise metallic or made of a plastic, in particular of a comparatively readily deformable material, ie not of a high-strength or stiff and poorly deformable material. This allows the passage in the component position 5 form advantageous.

Before or during the fixation of the bolt 1 on the component 4 . 5 in accordance with 1 shown insertion position of the loose in the openings 6 . 7 plugged in 1 come holding means in the form of a support element 15 and further not shown means for fixing or supporting the component layers 4 . 5 for use. The support element 15 indicates the shape and dimension of the head 2 coordinated deepening 16 in which, in the supporting state according to 1 the trained as a flat head head 2 of the bolt 1 adjacent to lateral walls and a bottom of the recess 16 contacted recorded and held. The support element 15 is controlled via not shown tool parts of a corresponding tool according to the invention in the direction of P1 and in the direction of the top 4a the component location 4 subjected to force and in Andrückposition on the bolt 1 , so the bolt 1 with the bottom 2a against the top 4a the component location 4 is pressed.

Below the passage 13 with the bolt inserted in it 1 is a matrix element 17 present, which also belongs to the tool according to the invention and not shown corresponding tool parts exactly for passage 13 positioned and held and in accordance with the double arrow P3 movable vertical up and down is displaceable. The template element 17 has a passage opening 18 trained recording 19 on. The shape of the picture 19 is on the collar 14 or whose outer shape is tuned such that after a deformation process of the collar 14 with the die element 17 a desired contour of one of the deformed collar 14 formed material 14.1 arises or a corresponding flow of material is effected and the connection is completed, which is off 2 is apparent. With the deformation of the collar 14 It will reach all areas of the grooves 9 to 11 completely in the depth or over the entire extent in the circumferential direction with the deformed material 14.1 of the original collar 14 fill out. This is a firm connection with a Verhakungsmechanismus by pressing the deformed collar material 14.1 outside on the shaft section 3b or its profiling with the grooves 9 to 11 and the webs formed between two adjacent grooves.

A compound can also work with only partial filling of the grooves 9 to 11 be set up admissible.

Will the bolt 1 for part thicknesses slightly larger in thickness 4 and or 5 or at a higher projecting collar 14 In addition, the groove can be used 12 with pressed material 14.1 be filled and thus a correspondingly stronger anchoring can be achieved.

At the top to the bolt 1 or for passage 13 directed end of the cylindrical passage opening 18 of the die element 17 this is with a funnel-like widening edge area 20 provided, which is convex or formed with a radius. The end or largest diameter of the passage opening 18 at the edge 20 corresponds almost to the outer diameter of the collar 14 at its protruding end.

To connect in the openings 6 . 7 introduced bolt 1 on the component layers 4 and 5 takes place from 1 a relative movement between the die element 17 and the component layers 4 . 5 with bolts 1 instead of. Preference is given to held component layers 4 . 5 with bolts 1 the die element 17 moved linearly or starting from a connection-correct orientation parallel in the direction of the connecting axis S and in the direction of the arrow P2, for which a Kraftbeaufschlagung the Matrizenelements 17 in the direction of P2 is necessary.

This squirts the die element 17 the collar 14 or its material, wherein the die element 17 or its front 17a so is moved far, until this at a bottom 5b the component location 5 is pending. After that, the die element becomes 17 again against the direction P2 of the component position 5 moved away and also the support element 15 from the head 2 away. The connection between the bolt 1 and the component layers 4 and 5 is finished ( 2 ). This will also be the two component layers 4 and 5 fixing together or non-positively and / or positively connected.

In the connected state according to 2 an overhanging section c ( 2 ) of the bolt 1 , the outside of the pressed material 14.1 survives, if necessary for an additional function of the bolt 1 be used in the connected state. This end part of the shaft 3 this can be specifically designed to suit, z. B. have an external thread or a ball head.

The 3 . 4 and 5 show a variant of the method according to the invention for connecting a hollow punch 21 designed fastener with a component consisting of two component layers 30 and 31 for which a corresponding tool according to the invention is used.

Starting from 3 becomes the punch 21 , which can be regarded both as a temporary part of the tool and as a fastener, after the connection process in the component layers 30 and 31 remains permanently, initially to form a circumferential collar pass 38 with a collar 38a ( 4 ) used.

The punch 21 has a head 22 and one to the head 22 smaller diameter shank 23 with a cylindrical section 24 and a profiled section 25 with four identical parallel grooves 25a on. The punch 21 and a template interacting with it 32 are tuned so that in a particular one-step stamping and deformation process without opening or not vorgelochte deformable plate-like component layer 31 according to 3 is punched through and then material around an opening formed thereby 37 bent around and to the collar passage 38 is deformed. To a bottom 31b the component location 31 protruding material forms the annular collar 38a of the collar passage 38 , Subsequently, the connection of the punch takes place 21 with the component layers 30 . 31 by deforming and pressing the collar passage 38 or its collar 38a to the shaft 23 of the punch 21 , which is basically similar to the connection method according to the 1 and 2 he follows. In firmly connected or insoluble state according to 5 are all four grooves 25a almost complete with pressed material of the deformed collar 38a filled.

The upper punch-side component location 30 that z. B. consists of a poorly deformable material is pre-punched with an opening 29 Mistake. A corresponding connection is possible with an unperforated upper punch-side component location. To create the collar 38 and the subsequent solid connection become the punch 21 and the matrix 32 to the opening 29 in the correct position according to 3 exactly aligned or brought into connection position. Subsequently, the punch is 21 controlled and kraftbeaufschlagt about not shown tool parts in the direction P4 along a connecting axis S1, with the central longitudinal axis of the punch 21 matches, on the die 32 moving towards. Basically, the matrix can also 32 including the component layers supporting it 30 and 31 in the direction of the stationary punch 21 be moved or the movements of the punch 21 on the one hand and the parts 30 . 31 and 32 On the other hand, superimposed or simultaneously take place.

The punch 21 is at the free end of the shaft 23 with a tapered punching section 26 provided in a punched edge 27 empties. In addition, the shaft has 23 a concentric to the longitudinal axis S1 blind hole 28 on, the axially to about the cylindrical portion 24 enough.

With the punch 21 becomes symmetrical to the opening 29 the opening 37 in the lower die-side component position 31 of the collar passage 38 punched and the collar passage 38 produced. The punch reaches 21 according to 4 Shown stop position under installation of a bottom 22a Of the head 22 on a top 30a the component location 30 , The collar 38a of the collar passage 38 is adjacent to the section enclosing 25 on the shaft 23 ,

On top of the matrix 32 is a flat annular pad 39 formed somewhat overhanging, on which the component location 31 with the bottom 31b rests. The edition 39 surrounds an annular opening 40 the matrix 32 in a Matrizengrundkörper 33 the matrix 32 , The opening 40 is for a connection process according to the 3 positioned concentrically to the connection axis S1.

In the opening 40 is one for opening 40 appropriately designed Matrizenformkörper 34 with a foot section 35 and one concentric with the opening 40 existing cylindrical mandrel section 36 fixed in position.

The spine section 36 extends with its free flat end up to a height of an annular bearing surface 39a the edition 39 , wherein the spine portion 36 a flat front side at the end 36a has, flush or flush with the support surface 39a is. This supports the component position 31 on the underside of the support surface 39a and the circular front side 36a from.

Alternatively, the front side 36a also not be flat or possibly be formed, for example, conical.

The annular opening 40 is radially inward of a consistently cylindrical outer side of the mandrel portion 36 limited. The radially outer wall of the opening 37 has a stepped or variable shape. In a direction of the connecting axis S1 axially innermost opening portion 40a is the opening 40 radially outwardly cylindrical and in an axially top adjoining opening portion 40b conically or axially expanding outwards. In an axially terminal opening section 40c that is axially above the height of the pad 39 extends, has the opening 40 a convex or with a radius widening Wandungsverlauf on.

4 shows the state after punching through the die-side component layer 31 and deforming portions of the component layer 31 for forming the collar pass 38 with the punch inserted in stop position 21 in the openings 29 and 37 , Above lying on the front side 36a of the spine section 36 is a punched joint 41 on, from the component location 31 was punched out and in the blind hole 28 when creating the collar 38 is inserted and fixed there.

5 shows the completed connection after the entire die 32 starting from the state according to 4 in the direction of P5 upwards or in the direction of the component layers 30 . 31 over a distance corresponding to the supernatant of the pad 39 to a base top 33a of Matrizengrundkörpers 33 is moved. This expresses the annular support 39 on the underside in the component position 31 , thus fulfills the function of a stamping ring, and imprints a corresponding annular recess in the bottom 31b , so that at the end of the deformation process in a deeper impression 42 formed. In this case, with simultaneous pressing of the radially outer wall of the opening portion 40b Collar material of the collar 38 deformed and in the grooves 25 firmly pressed. The punching piece 41 is to a bottom of the blind hole 28 pushed and fixed there clamped. The connection according to 5 is finished.

In the 3 and 4 is a the support element 15 according to 1 corresponding support element of the tool in question not shown. The stamp-loading support element (not shown) can be moved back and forth along the connection axis S1 via the tool and serves, in particular, as a punch-end counter bearing or for applying force to the punch 21 ,

Basically, in arrangements according to the invention on a die side of a tool a hold-down system for fixing the components or component layers during the joining process and / or a stripping system on a die side of the tool for lifting the connection or components may be present after the joining process.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

bolt

2

head

2a

bottom

3

shaft

3a, 3b

shank portion

4

component location

4a

top

4b

bottom

5

component location

5a

top

5b

bottom

6

opening

7

opening

8th

groove structure

9

groove

10

groove

11

groove

12

groove

13

Draft

14

collar

14.1

material

15

support element

16

deepening

17

stamper

17a

front

18

Through opening

19

admission

20

border area

21

punch

22

head

22a

bottom

23

shaft

24

section

25

section

25a

groove

26

piercing section

27

punching edge

28

Blind hole

29

opening

30

component location

30a

top

31

component location

31b

bottom

32

die

33

basic die

33a

Base top

34

matrix molding

35

foot section

36

core section

36a

front

37

opening

38

collar passage

38a

collar

39

edition

39a

bearing surface

40

opening

40a

opening section

40b

opening section

40c

opening section

41

slug

42

impressing

Claims (19)

Method for connecting a fastening element ( 1 . 21 ) with a component, wherein the component has a component opening ( 7 . 37 ), on which on one component side a component portion raised to remaining portions of the component side ( 14 . 38a ) is present and the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) and the component opening ( 7 . 37 ) are coordinated with each other so that the fastening element ( 1 . 21 ) in the component opening ( 7 . 37 ) can be introduced, characterized in that the fastening element ( 1 . 21 ) in the component opening ( 7 . 37 ) is introduced such that at least a part of the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) is surrounded by the raised component portion, and the raised component portion is deformed such that material of the raised component portion by deformation of the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) is pressed and a firm connection between the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) and the component is formed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening element ( 21 ) for producing the component opening ( 37 ) is used in the component with the formation of a portion of the component that has been raised to remaining sections, so that after the component opening (FIG. 37 ) the fastening element ( 21 ) in the component opening ( 37 ) is held and held in a position relative to the component, in which at least a part of the fastener ( 21 ) is surrounded by the raised component portion, and the raised component portion is deformed such that material of the raised component portion by deformation of the fastener ( 21 ) is pressed and a firm connection between the fastener ( 21 ) and the component is formed. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that prior to connecting the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) with the component a first component layer ( 4 . 30 ) with a component opening ( 6 . 29 ) so in position to another component position ( 5 . 31 ) is brought that the component openings ( 6 . 7 . 29 . 37 ) of the component layers ( 4 . 5 . 30 . 31 ) are aligned with each other, wherein the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) in the mutually aligned component openings ( 6 . 7 . 29 . 37 ) is introduced, and the raised component portion ( 14 . 38a ) on one of the two component layers ( 4 . 5 . 30 . 31 ) to the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) is pressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before connecting the fastening element ( 1 . 21 ) with the component several component layers ( 4 . 5 . 30 . 31 ) each having a component opening ( 6 . 7 . 29 . 37 ) are brought into position to each other in such a way that the component openings ( 6 . 7 . 29 . 37 ) of the component layers ( 4 . 5 . 30 . 31 ) are aligned with each other, wherein the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) in the mutually aligned component openings ( 6 . 7 . 29 . 37 ) is introduced, and the raised component portion ( 14 . 38a ) of the component concerned ( 5 . 31 ) to the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) is pressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformation of the raised component portion ( 14 . 38a ) and the contact pressure of the material of the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) to the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) is performed after the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) in the component opening ( 7 . 37 ) of the component with the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) is introduced and occupies the stop position relative to the component. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the connection of the fastening element ( 1 . 21 ) with the component, the stop position of the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) by applying retaining means to the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) and / or the component is secured. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) by means of deformation ( 17 . 32 ) and to the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) is pressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) under a relative movement between the deforming means ( 17 . 32 ) and the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) is deformed, wherein the relative movement to a Height direction of the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) is related. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformation of the raised component portion ( 14 . 38a ) is carried out so that no deformation of the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) he follows. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element is inserted and fastened in exactly one component with a passage, which has a component opening with a component section which is elevated to remaining sections of a component side, in the region of the passage. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element is introduced and fixed in exactly one component without a passage, wherein the fastening element in the exact component forms a passage in the component during the joining process. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element is introduced into a plurality of component layers, wherein all component layers are perforated and at least one lowermost component layer has a passage which has a component opening with a component sections increased to remaining portions of the component and the elevated component portion the fastener is pressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element is introduced into a plurality of component layers, wherein all component layers are perforated except for a lowermost component layer and the lowermost component layer is unperforated, in which formed as a punching element fastener during the connection process a passage in the component forms, wherein the passage has a component opening with a raised portions of a component side to other parts of the component. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element is introduced into a plurality of component layers, wherein all component layers are unperforated and punched during punching element formed as a punching element fastening element pierces the upper component layers and forms a passage in the bottom component, the passage of a component opening having a raised to remaining portions of a component side component portion. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of a collar of the passage or the material of the raised component portion is formed on the fastening element by a tensile force is applied to the inserted in the component fastener and / or a relative movement between the tool and the component takes place. Tool for connecting a fastener ( 1 . 21 ) with a component, wherein the component has a component opening ( 7 . 37 ), on which on one component side a component portion raised to remaining portions of the component side ( 14 . 38a ) is present and the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) and the component opening ( 7 . 37 ) are coordinated with each other so that the fastening element ( 1 . 21 ) in the component opening ( 7 . 38a ) is insertable to the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) to the component, characterized in that 17 . 32 ) for deforming the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) are provided to the raised component portion ( 14 . 38a ) to the fastener ( 1 . 21 ) to press. Tool according to claim 16, characterized in that a die element ( 17 . 32 ) with a die opening ( 18 . 40 ) is provided, wherein with a relative movement between the die element ( 17 . 32 ) and the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) a wall portion of the die opening ( 18 . 40 ) outside in pressing position on the raised component portion ( 14 . 38a ) and wherein with a progression of the relative movement perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane of the die opening ( 18 . 40 ) the raised component section ( 14 . 38a ) is deformable. Tool according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that retaining means ( 15 . 33 ) for holding the component and / or in the component opening ( 6 . 7 . 29 . 37 ) in the stop position introduced fastener ( 1 . 21 ) are provided. Tool according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that on a die side of the tool hold-down means for fixing the components or component layers during the joining process and / or stripping on a die side of the tool for lifting the connection or components are provided after the joining process.

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