DE102011107883A1 - Method for manufacturing cylindrical or conical pressure-accumulator device used as tower for wind power plant, involves filling binder in intermediate spaces between inner wall and outer wall of pressure-accumulator device - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves producing a tubular element (13) i.e. spiral-like tubular element, and arranging the tubular element in an end position. The tubular element is filled with binder e.g. concrete. An inner wall (14) of a pressure-accumulator device is arranged within the tubular element, so that the tubular element is arranged between the inner wall and an outer wall (12) that surrounds the tubular element. Intermediate spaces (15) between the inner wall and the outer wall are filled with the binder. Annular elements e.g. helical spirals, are arranged on top of each other.

Description

The invention relates to a pressure storage device for compressible gases.

For energy storage, it is possible to compress gases or gas mixtures such as air and store them in pressure storage devices. In order to generate electrical energy from the stored compressed gas, it would then be possible to operate a generator with the aid of a corresponding turbine device. By providing suitable pressure storage devices, it would thus be possible to buffer energy in order to compensate for energy fluctuations. The storage of large amounts of gas is not economically possible with the help of known pressure bottles. Known pressure bottles have a relatively small capacity and are also heavy. The use of a variety of such pressure bottles for storing large amounts of gas is not economically appropriate.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a pressure accumulator for compressed gases, with which also large amounts of compressed gas can be stored.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a pressure storage device according to claim 1 or 8.

The pressure storage device for compressed gases according to the invention has a double-walled pressure vessel. The double-walled pressure vessel has an inner wall of gas-tight material. Between the inner wall and an outer wall, a binder layer is provided for stiffening. In such a construction according to the invention of a double-walled pressure vessel, it is possible to produce the inner wall and the outer wall from a relatively thin layer, for example a metal sheet. These thin walls would not withstand a correspondingly high internal pressure. The pressure vessel is therefore stiffened according to the invention by a binder layer. This can be used as a binder, a low-cost material such as cement or concrete. Due to the inventive construction of the double-walled container made of especially high-quality gas-tight material on the inner wall, a stable outer wall, which may not necessarily be made of gas-tight material, and a binder layer of inexpensive material, it is possible to create very large pressure vessel at low production costs. In particular, the binder layer may comprise reinforced concrete. Furthermore, the binder layer may also be formed as an insulating layer. This can be realized by the provision of insulating material, such as glass, in the binder layer.

It is particularly preferred to connect the inner wall with the outer wall via stiffening elements, such as stiffening struts with each other. This is particularly possible in a simple manner, when both the inner wall and the outer wall are made of a weldable metal. The stiffening elements may for example also be formed as a honeycomb structure. By stiffening a dimensionally stable framework-like structure of inner wall, outer wall and stiffening struts is formed. This can then be filled in a further process step with a binder, such as concrete. As a result, an extremely pressure-resistant container can be realized at very low production costs. It can be made by this cylindrical or tubular pressure vessel of great length. In particular, pressure vessels can be produced, which are constructed according to an overseas pipeline. In particular, this pipeline can also be laid in a circle with several spirals. Such pressure vessels may extend over several hundred meters or even several kilometers and be arranged for example in shafts on the seabed or the like. Such tubular pressure vessels can be manufactured in a kind of endless process, so that large lengths can be realized. For example, such a pressure vessel has an inner wall and an outer wall made of a metal such as steel. The thickness of the steel wall may be in the range of a few millimeters, wherein the inner wall may be made thinner than the outer wall. The binder layer disposed between the two walls preferably has a thickness in the range of 40-100 mm. Already hereby pressure vessels can be realized, in which gas pressure of about 200 bar can be stored. In a somewhat more massive design and pressure vessel can be realized in which gas can be stored at a pressure of about up to 400 bar.

Since the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel is essentially realized by a binder layer which can be produced from cost-effective material, double-walled pressure vessels with large volumes can be realized. In particular, it is possible to build pressure vessels having a volume of more than 25 l, in particular more than 1,000 l and particularly preferably more than 100,000 l.

Due to the construction according to the invention as a double-walled pressure vessel, it is possible to store within the vessel a gas, such as air, with a pressure of more than 200 bar, in particular more than 400 bar.

The inner wall of gas-tight material may have a plastic layer and be formed as a plastic container. In particular, this is a substantially circular cylindrical container.

Of course, the inner wall can also be made of composite material. It is essential that it is a gas-tight material or a material with a gas-tight layer or coating. The outer wall serves to form a cavity between inner wall and outer wall, to receive the binder layer of a hardening and / or setting material. The outer wall does not have to be made of a gas-tight material. In particular, for reasons of stability, it is preferred that the inner wall and / or the outer wall are made of a metal sheet, in particular a metal sheet. This makes it possible, for example, to connect the inner wall with the outer wall via webs, such as reinforced concrete, to realize a further increase in rigidity. In particular, this can be realized as a reinforced concrete binder layer. Furthermore, in the region between the inner and the outer wall, if appropriate, reinforcements connected thereto may be provided. Between the inner wall and the outer wall and other intermediate walls may be provided, so that a multi-walled container is realized.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner wall is composed of individual tubular elements. These are connected to each other in particular annular joints, for example by welding (reinforced concrete), gluing or screwing. It is also possible to disguise a composite, for example, by such items inner wall with a gas-tight film or liner. It is particularly preferred to provide such tubular elements with a circumferential thread, so that by screwing together two or more tubular elements, a very large pressure vessel can be realized.

Furthermore, when storing large quantities of compressed gas, there is a requirement that these be stored at the highest possible pressure of preferably more than 200 bar, in particular more than 400 bar. This is necessary to store the largest possible amount of energy per unit volume.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of pressure vessels are combined. Here, a main pressure vessel is provided. Within the main pressure vessel at least one secondary pressure vessel is arranged, wherein both the main pressure vessel and the at least one secondary pressure vessel are constructed as described above. Such an arrangement of a plurality of pressure vessels arranged one inside another has the advantage that an internal secondary pressure vessel with a comparatively high pressure of, for example, 400 bar and a secondary pressure vessel surrounding main pressure vessel can be filled with a lower pressure of for example 200 bar. This has the advantage that the container wall of the secondary pressure vessel can be designed to be weaker or thinner and thus more cost-effective, since the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the container wall is relevant for the design of the container wall. In the above example, the pressure difference is only 200 bar, so that the container wall of the secondary pressure vessel can be made significantly thinner and cheaper than the container wall of a container in which a high pressure of 400 bar is stored and the container is surrounded by atmospheric pressure.

The filling and emptying of such nested pressure vessel is in this case preferably controlled such that the pressure differences between a container inner wall and a container outer wall do not exceed the allowable for the corresponding construction pressure difference.

For example, it is possible to arrange a plurality of pressure vessels concentric with each other. Also, a plurality of individual pressure vessels may be arranged independently in an outer main pressure vessel or surrounded, for example, an inner pressure vessel.

In order to fill a pressure vessel of a pressure storage device with gas, another, an independent invention performing pressure storage device comprises at least one pressure vessel for storing the compressed gas and a pressure generating means. The pressure generating device has a pressure piston arranged in a cylinder. The pressure piston, which may be formed as a free piston, divides the interior of the cylinder into a hydraulic chamber and a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber is connected for example via one or more lines to the at least one pressure vessel. The movement of the pressure piston takes place by supplying hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic chamber. It is thus possible to compress the gas by, in particular, continuously supplying hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic space. The conveying of the hydraulic fluid can be effected by a pump. The drive of the pump can be done mechanically, for example by water power or wind power or electrically, for example by solar energy. The in the at least one pressure vessel by compression of the gas stored energy can be converted into electrical energy if required. This can be done in a simple manner by using the compressed gas to drive a turbine or the like connected to a generator. By such a storage device with at least one pressure vessel and a pressure generating device, it is thus possible, energy in the form of. To store compressed gas and then, for example, to compensate for fluctuations in the power grid or to catch temporary high energy demand for power generation. Furthermore, it is possible to realize power generation by using the pressure generating device in reverse operation.

The cylinder of the pressure generating device is constructed in a particularly preferred embodiment according to the double or multi-walled pressure vessel. For the production of large-volume long cylinder, it is preferred here to connect individual cylindrical tubes with each other. This can be realized in particular by circumferential threads at the connection points. The connection via circumferential thread in this case has the significant advantage according to the invention that a cylinder with a large length can be realized, wherein a constant diameter is also realized at the connection points. Deformations due to the connection of the cylinders are thereby excluded. This is necessary to realize a reliable sealing between the pressure piston and the inner wall of the cylinder.

In a preferred embodiment of the pressure-storage device according to the invention a plurality of pressure vessels are provided, which are filled with a single pressure generating device. In this case, it is preferable for the connection between the pressure-generating device and the individual pressure vessels to take place via a branched line, valve device preferably being arranged in the line. By a corresponding activation of the valve devices, it is possible to fill the individual pressure vessels one after the other. This has the particular advantage that individual pressure vessels are first filled to a desired pressure before a next pressure vessel is filled. This has the particular advantage that a completely filled pressure vessel can be used as needed to drive a turbine or the like for power generation.

In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of pressure vessels are arranged such that they surround the pressure generating device. As a result, short lines between the pressure generating device and the individual pressure vessels can be realized. It is also possible that the pressure-generating device is arranged within a pressure vessel, so that the pressure vessel surrounds the pressure-generating device.

The pressure vessels are preferably cylindrical or conical. It is also possible to arrange a plurality of pressure vessels and possibly also the pressure generating device within an example conical housing.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure chamber of the pressure generating device is connected to a gas supply line in which a valve is arranged. This makes it possible to fill the pressure vessel by a plurality of strokes of the pressure piston and to increase the gas pressure continuously. The valve, which is preferably a check valve, is designed in such a way that during a decompression stroke of the pressure piston gas, which is preferably nitrogen, flows into the pressure chamber. In a subsequent compression stroke of the pressure piston, the valve is closed, so that the gas flows from the pressure chamber into the pressure vessel or a buffer. The gas supply line is preferably connected to a gas reservoir in which, in particular, the nitrogen to be delivered is arranged.

In the case of very large pressure reservoirs, which in particular extend over a great length, a plurality of pressure-generating devices can be provided within the pressure reservoir in the longitudinal direction.

Instead of the hydraulic pressure generating device provided in a preferred embodiment, the pressure generating device may also be constructed such that a gas, in particular a gas mixture such as air, is pumped into the pressure accumulator with the aid of a piston moved in a cylinder. This again takes place preferably with the interposition of a corresponding valve. In this embodiment, it is particularly preferred to arrange the pressure generating device within a pressure accumulator, so that the heat generated during the compression is not delivered to the environment, but to the compressed gas. This reduces the heat loss due to compression.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the pressure storage device, the pressure generating device described above is combined with at least one pressure vessel, wherein the pressure vessel is constructed according to the above-described double or multi-walled pressure vessel.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Show it:

1 a schematic, sectioned schematic diagram of a double-walled pressure vessel,

2 a schematic, perspective, sectional view of a pressure storage device according to a first embodiment,

3 a schematic, perspective, sectional view of a pressure storage device according to a second embodiment,

4 a schematic sectional view of a pressure storage device according to a third embodiment, and

5 - 7 different schematically illustrated embodiments nested pressure accumulator.

An invention as a double-walled pressure vessel 10 formed container for storing compressed gases has an outer wall 12 as well as an inner wall 14 on. The inner wall 14 is made of gas-tight material or, for example, on its inside 16 coated with a gas-tight material. Through the inner wall 14 is thus a pressure room 18 formed, to which a compressed gas can be supplied via an inlet, not shown.

For stiffening the particular columnar pressure vessel 10 is between the inner wall 14 and the outer wall 16 a cavity filled with a hardenable and / or settable material 20 educated. Between the two walls 12 . 14 Thus, a binder layer is provided. The binder layer 20 has, for example, cement and / or concrete.

The outer wall 12 , which need not be gas-tight, is preferably made of a metal sheet, glass or the like.

Between the two walls 12 . 14 Reinforcing iron, stiffening struts and the like may be provided.

In particular, in a cylindrical configuration of the pressure vessel, this is composed of a plurality of tubular elements. The connection of two adjacent tubular elements, in particular along the circular connecting line can be effected by welding, gluing and / or screwing.

In a first preferred embodiment of a pressure storage device ( 2 ) is a pressure generator 22 with a pressure vessel 10 via a supply line 24 connected. Here is the pressure vessel 10 as based 1 explained as a double-walled pressure vessel formed. The pressure-generating device also has a preferably double-walled cylinder 24 on, which is also constructed according to the pressure vessel and thus has an inner wall and an outer wall, between which a binder layer is arranged. Inside the cylinder 24 is a pressure piston 26 arranged. Through the pressure piston 26 is the interior of the cylinder 24 in a hydraulic room 28 as well as a pressure room 30 divided.

To compress the in the pressure room 30 as well as in the pressure vessel 10 arranged gas is the hydraulic space 28 via a feed opening 32 for example, supplied with the aid of a pump, not shown, a hydraulic fluid. This results in a movement of the pressure piston in 2 up.

To use with the help of in the pressure vessel 10 stored gas to convert energy, the pressure vessel 10 connected via a line, not shown, for example, with a turbine, wherein the turbine can then be connected to a generator for power generation. In particular, the energy conversion can also be done by reversing the function of the pressure generating device.

To a large-volume pressure generating device 22 To create, this is composed of several individual components, as in 2 through the dashed line 23 indicated. For example, the cylinder 24 composed of two parts, which at a separating seam 23 are joined together. The joining takes place in a preferred embodiment by a circumferential thread, so that the two individual parts are screwed together. This allows over the entire length of the cylinder 24 a constant inner diameter can be realized. The individual cylindrical parts for the production of the cylinder 24 have a length of for example 10 m, so that a total of one pressure generating device 22 with a height of 20 m in 2 is shown.

Instead of providing a separate pressure vessel 10 can also be the pressure room 30 itself used for storing gas. The pressure room 30 replaces the separate pressure vessel.

In a further embodiment of the invention 3 ) are similar components identical with the same reference numerals.

This embodiment also has a pressure generating device 10 on that over the line 24 with several pressure vessels 10 connected is. For this purpose, the line 24 several branch lines 34 on, where appropriate valve devices can be arranged.

In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of pressure vessels 10 in a housing 36 arranged, which is conical in the illustrated embodiment.

In a further preferred embodiment ( 4 ) is the pressure generating device 22 inside the pressure vessel 10 arranged. The pressure generating device 22 is according to the particular based 2 constructed pressure generating device described. The pressure room 30 the pressure generating device 22 is via a gas supply line 40 with a gas reservoir, not shown, in which nitrogen is stored in particular, connected. In the gas supply line is a valve designed in particular as a check valve 42 arranged. Furthermore, the pressure chamber 30 via another, preferably also designed as a check valve valve 44 with a compressed gas space 46 of the pressure vessel 10 connected.

The hydraulic room 28 is over a line 52 for supplying hydraulic oil connected to an oil reservoir, not shown, which may have a small volume compared to the nitrogen reservoir.

A pump, not shown, hydraulic fluid through the line 52 from the hydraulic reservoir into the hydraulic chamber 28 pumped. As a result, the pressure piston shifts 26 in 4 upwards, allowing the gas to be pumped out of the pressure chamber 30 in the compressed gas space 46 through the valve 44 is promoted through.

The next step is a decompression stroke in which the pressure piston 26 in 4 is moved down again. As a result, gas from the gas reservoir through the check valve 42 and the gas supply line 40 in the pressure room 30 initiated. By the next compression stroke, in which the pressure piston 26 in 4 is moved back up, there is an automatic closing of the check valve 42 and opening the non-return valve open in the reverse direction 44 , so that the gas, especially the nitrogen, from the pressure chamber 30 back into the compressed gas room 46 is encouraged. This results in a further increase in the pressure in the pressure vessel.

For energy production, in particular for power generation, in a preferred embodiment, a reversal of the compression process. By a corresponding switching of the flow direction in the valve 44 In particular, compressed nitrogen flows out of the compressed gas space 46 in the pressure room 30 , Due to this gas expansion, the pressure piston 26 moved down. This makes it possible, for example, to operate a turbine for power generation with the aid of the fluid.

Instead of compressing nitrogen, it is also possible to compress other gases or gas mixtures, in particular air. When compressing air is the in 4 illustrated arrangement of the pressure generating device 22 inside the pressure vessel 10 particularly preferred, since in this way the heat generated during the compression is released substantially to the compressed air.

Instead of providing a hydraulic space 28 can the pressure piston 26 also be moved over a push rod. The hydraulic room 28 deleted here. The corresponding push rod is connected to a drive device such as a motor.

Based on 5 to 7 different arrangements of pressure vessels are shown schematically, wherein the individual pressure vessels represented by circles corresponding to the pressure vessels 10 As described above, are constructed.

Inside a main pressure vessel 54 are in 5 three secondary pressure vessels 56 arranged. Since the pressure difference between the outside and inside of the container is relevant to the required pressure stability of the walls of the pressure vessel, it is possible, in particular for cost savings, in the main pressure vessel 54 Gas with a pressure of, for example, 200 bar and to arrange in the arranged inside pressure tanks gas at a higher pressure of 300 bar or 400 bar. This arrangement has the advantage that the walls of the secondary pressure vessel 56 only have to be designed so that they have to withstand a relatively small pressure difference of for example 200 bar.

In another in 6 illustrated embodiment are within the main pressure vessel 54 two secondary pressure vessels 58 . 60 arranged. The containers 54 . 58 . 60 are arranged concentrically with each other. In this case, the pressure within the individual containers may increase from the outside in, so that, for example, the main pressure container has a pressure of 200 bar, the container located further inside 58 a pressure of 300 bar and the inner container 60 has a pressure of 400 bar.

In a further embodiment of mutually arranged pressure vessels ( 7 ) is inside a main pressure vessel 54 a secondary pressure vessel 60 arranged concentrically. In the between the two containers 54 . 60 provided annular gap is a plurality of individual sub-pressure vessel 70 arranged. In the containers 70 For example, a pressure of 300 bar prevail, wherein in the container 54 a pressure of 200 bar and in the inner container 60 the highest pressure of for example 400 bar prevails. The wall thickness of the individual containers is in turn dependent on the pressure difference. The in 7 illustrated embodiment, the inner preferably having the highest pressure container 60 be formed large volume despite the very high pressure. For example, it is also possible to use the individual secondary pressure vessels 70 To connect, for example via an annular wall with each other to further increase the stability. If in the container 54 For example, a pressure of 200 bar and in the container 70 a pressure of 300 bar prevails, the walls of the containers can 70 be designed relatively thin, since the pressure difference is only 100 bar here.

Claims (14)

Compressed gas pressure storage device, with a double-walled pressure vessel ( 10 ) with an inner wall ( 14 ) of gas-tight material and an outer wall ( 12 ), wherein for stiffening between the inner wall ( 14 ) and the outer wall ( 12 ) a binder layer ( 20 ) is provided. Pressure storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall ( 14 ) and / or the outer wall ( 12 ) is made of sheet metal, in particular sheet metal or glass. Printing memory device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the binder layer ( 20 ) comprises curable and / or setting material. Pressure storage device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressure storage device for receiving compressed gas at a pressure of more than 200 bar, in particular more than 400 bar is suitable. Pressure storage device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inner wall ( 14 ) and the outer wall ( 12 ) are connected to each other via stiffening elements, in particular stiffening struts. Compressed gas pressure storage device with a main pressure vessel ( 54 ) within the at least one secondary pressure vessel ( 56 . 58 . 60 . 70 ), the main pressure vessel ( 54 ) and the at least one secondary pressure vessel ( 56 . 58 . 60 . 70 ) is constructed according to one of claims 1 to 5. Pressure storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one of the secondary pressure vessel ( 56 . 58 . 60 . 70 ) with a higher pressure than the main pressure vessel ( 54 ) is filled. Compressed gas pressure storage device with at least one pressure vessel ( 10 ) for storing the compressed gas, a pressure generating device ( 22 ) with one in a cylinder ( 24 ) arranged pressure piston ( 26 ) located between a hydraulic room ( 28 ) and a pressure chamber ( 30 ) is arranged, wherein the pressure piston ( 26 ) by supplying hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic space ( 28 ) for generating pressure in the pressure chamber ( 30 ) is movable, and the pressure chamber ( 30 ) with the at least one pressure vessel ( 10 ) connected is. Pressure storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of pressure vessels ( 10 ) with a single pressure generating device ( 22 ) in particular via a branched line ( 24 . 34 ) are connected. Pressure storage device according to claim 9, characterized by a in the line ( 24 . 34 ) arranged valve device, in particular for successively filling the pressure vessel ( 10 ) is controllable. Pressure storage device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a plurality of pressure vessels ( 10 ) the pressure generating device ( 22 ) and / or the pressure generating device ( 22 ) Within a pressure vessel ( 10 ) is arranged. Pressure storage device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the pressure chamber ( 30 ) with a gas supply line ( 40 ), in which a valve ( 42 ) is connected, so that during a decompression stroke of the pressure piston ( 26 ) Gas in the pressure chamber ( 30 ) flows. Pressure storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that the valve ( 42 ) is closed during a compression stroke, so that the gas from the pressure chamber ( 30 ) in the pressure vessel ( 10 ) flows. Pressure storage device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that at least one pressure vessel ( 10 ) is constructed according to at least one of claims 1 to 7.

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