DE102011085120A1 - Hybrid collector e.g. hybrid absorber, for integrating in watercraft for combined utilization of solar energy by photovoltaic and solar thermal energy systems, has conduit system for guiding fluid medium and made from flexible material - Google Patents

Abstract

The collector (100) has multiple solar cells (3) arranged between two transparent disks (1, 4) and embedded in a film such as silicone film, where the transparent disks are designed as chemical hardened glass disks. A fluid conduit system (5) guides a fluid medium by the collector, and is made from a flexible material. The conduit system and/or an insulating layer (6) and/or a frame (7) consist of a fiber matrix composite such as glass or carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The conduit system partially comprises a meander-like arranged spacer that is connected with one of the transparent disks. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a hybrid collector.

Description

The invention relates to a hybrid collector for the combined use of solar energy by photovoltaic and solar thermal energy in mobile applications, especially for land or water vehicles.

The invention further relates to a method for producing a hybrid collector for the combined use of solar energy by photovoltaic and solar thermal energy in mobile applications.

The invention further relates to the use of a hybrid collector in mobile applications.

The use of solar energy for power generation by photovoltaic means of solar or photovoltaic modules is known. Furthermore, the use of solar energy by solar thermal energy for heating fluid media by solar panels is known. In hybrid collectors or hybrid absorbers, also called PVT systems, an attempt was made to combine the two types of use. However, these hybrid collectors are characterized by a complex structure and complex interactions between the photovoltaic and the solar thermal component, which can lead to decreasing efficiencies, for example. The practicality of hybrid collectors is therefore limited to a few areas and has not prevailed in width.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a hybrid collector which reduces or eliminates one or more of the disadvantages mentioned. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid collector usable for mobile applications. In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid collector which is simpler and less expensive to manufacture. Another object of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method for such a hybrid collector.

According to a first aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by a hybrid collector for the combined use of solar energy by photovoltaic and solar thermal in mobile applications, especially for land or water vehicles, comprising the following components: a first translucent pane, a second translucent pane, or a plurality of solar cells arranged between the two disks, a fluid conduit system for guiding a fluid medium through the hybrid collector, an insulating layer and a frame, wherein the fluid conduit system is formed of a flexible material.

The invention is based on the finding that it would be desirable to use hybrid collectors in mobile applications. Under mobile applications are understood in particular land or water vehicles, such as trucks, trains, cars, campers, camping vehicles, construction vehicles, mobile housing containers, sailing or motor yachts, freighters, ferries, marine vehicles, cruisers or other offshore applications.

These mobile application areas have in common that the space for attaching solar modules or solar collectors is limited and at the same time, in contrast to, for example, house roofs, has a heterogeneous surface shape, for example, with bulges or interrupted by structures. The proportion of flat surfaces is very low in mobile applications, in particular for land or water vehicles. The small footprint and heterogeneous surface geometries make the application of known hybrid collectors in mobile applications, both in terms of initial equipment and retrofitting, however, difficult or even impossible. In addition, for example, aerodynamic properties of land or water vehicles can be degraded. The attachment of the hybrid collectors on land or water vehicles makes special demands, so that a secure attachment both in all possible applications in the field (for example, in accidents) and in special conditions and environmental conditions (for example, strong wind or wave flashover) is guaranteed and in particular no damage can be caused by dissolving hybrid collectors.

It has been recognized that these requirements can be met by a hybrid collector having the structure according to the invention. On the one hand, the hybrid collector according to the invention has the solar cells required for a combined use of solar energy by photovoltaics and solar thermal energy and the fluid conduit system for the heating of a fluid medium. The fluid conduit system of a hybrid collector according to the invention is formed of a flexible material. Thus, the advantage is achieved that, in particular with respect to fluid conduit systems made of metal, an almost arbitrary adaptation to surface geometries can be carried out by the fluid line system. In particular, both planar and curved surfaces, for example spatially curved shell sections, can be imaged. In particular, in fluid line systems made of metal, a realization of spatially curved shapes would be connected if at all only with a considerably higher cost.

In addition, the hybrid collector according to the invention has the advantage that the solar cells are cooled by the heat dissipation via the fluid flowing through the fluid conduit system and thus a high efficiency of solar energy utilization can be achieved by photovoltaic.

Preferably, the first and / or the second disc may also be formed according to the desired shape of the hybrid collector, for example as a planar construction or as spatially curved shell sections. In this case, the flexible fluid conduit system of the desired, and already realized by the discs shape can be adjusted.

Also, the insulating layer and the frame are preferably formed so as to allow a desired shape of the hybrid collector according to the invention.

With the inventive construction of a hybrid collector, it is thus possible to provide both planar and spatially curved hybrid collectors, which can be tailored to individual surface geometries in mobile applications.

The structure of a hybrid collector according to the invention is preferably a layered structure. In particular, it is preferred that a first composite is formed by the first and the second transparent disk and the solar cells arranged therebetween. A second composite is preferably formed from the fluid conduit system, the insulating layer and the frame. The first and the second composite are preferably connected to the hybrid collector according to the invention, preferably so that a closed, sealed, in particular fluid-tight, construction is formed.

The hybrid collector according to the invention further preferably has a connection for the removal of generated current, a connection for the supply of fluid to be heated and a connection for the removal of heated fluid. The fluid used is preferably a liquid, such as, for example, water or a heat transfer fluid specially tailored to the field of application. It can also be a gas, such as air used.

The thickness of the hybrid collector is small in relation to its other dimensions. In particular, it is preferred that the thickness of the hybrid collector is less than 50 mm, in particular less than 40 mm. Particularly preferred is a thickness of 38 mm. Preferably, a hybrid collector according to the invention has a surface area of about 2 to 4 square meters.

For the formation of the hybrid collector according to the invention in particular lightweight materials with high strength are preferred to provide in the mobile application areas for the lowest possible additional weight while ensuring a long service life.

The invention can be further developed in that the hybrid collector has a shape which corresponds to a spatially curved shell section.

Preferably, the shape of the hybrid collector is adapted to the shape of the respective field of application, for example a car roof or a yacht deck. In particular, have proven simple, double or arbitrarily spatially curved shell sections.

Further, it is particularly preferred that the fluid conduit system and / or the insulating layer and / or the frame, a fiber-matrix composite, preferably glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced plastic, comprise or consist of.

In particular, it is preferred that the fluid conduit system be made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic and the frame of glass fiber reinforced plastic.

The use of fiber composites, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic, has the advantage that high strengths are combined with low weight. However, it has also been found that, in particular with a fluid conduit system made of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, improved heat removal via the fluid flowing in the fluid conduit system can be achieved. This is particularly advantageous for transferring the heat arising in the hybrid collector quickly and reliably to the fluid and removing it from the hybrid collector in order not to adversely affect the efficiency of the solar cells due to excessive heat.

At the same time, fiber composite materials, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic, make it possible to ensure the desired flexibility, in particular of the fluid conduit system, and to combine it with material properties which ensure a long service life and resistance of the hybrid collector, especially in mobile application areas.

Preferably, the invention is further developed in that the fluid line system one, preferably at least in sections Has meandering, line, which is preferably connected to the second disc.

In this further development form, the fluid line system has a pipeline in the form of a hollow tube or hollow cylinder.

The line is preferably fluid-tightly connected to the second disc, preferably with one side of the second disc facing away from the solar cells. The connection is preferably fluid-tight, for example produced by adhesive bonding. Particularly preferred is the use of a thermally conductive compound, for example by Wärmeleitklebstoffe to improve the heat transfer from the glass to the fluid conduit system and the fluid flowing therein. Preferably, the line is at least partially meander-shaped or formed in harp shape.

This further development has the advantage that the heat dissipation can be improved value and on the other hand, the height of the hybrid collector is reduced.

The invention can be further developed in that the hybrid collector has at least one curved edge side.

To further improve the adaptability of the hybrid collector according to the invention, it is preferred that the hybrid collector does not necessarily have a rectangular basic shape with four straight edge sides, but at least one of the edge sides is at least partially arcuate or rounded. Particularly preferred is, for example, a basic shape with two straight edge sides and three corners, wherein two of the three corners is formed by an at least partially curved edge side. In a preferred embodiment, therefore, a circumference of the hybrid collector does not have more than three corners. Also possible is a variant in which a circumference of the hybrid collector has four corners and has one or more curved edge sides.

The invention can be further developed in that two, several or all of the components are connected to one another in a material-bonded and / or fluid-tight manner, preferably by gluing.

In particular, it is preferred that the two disks and the solar cells arranged therebetween are formed as a laminate. It is further preferred that the fluid conduit system is glued to the insulating layer on the frame. Furthermore, it is preferred that these two composite parts are also glued together, so that in particular a line of the fluid line system is connected to a side facing away from the solar cell of the second disc.

The invention can be developed by the fact that the solar cells are embedded in a foil, preferably a silicone foil.

The embedding of the solar cells in a, preferably flexible, film, for example a silicone film, has the advantage that this film can also very easily assume a desired, spatially curved shape with the solar cells. Furthermore, it is thus advantageously possible to produce a desired composite, in particular a laminate, from the two panes and the film with the solar cells.

The invention is further preferably characterized by a, preferably as a screen printing applied to one of the two panes, UV protection layer, which is designed and arranged such that it does not hinder UV light incidence on the solar cells.

The UV protective layer serves to cover the surface of the hybrid collector which is not covered by solar cells and is constructed, for example, in the manner of a grid, so that a uniform, matrix-like arrangement of the solar cells between the grid strips of the UV protective layer is possible. Particularly preferred is an application to one of the solar cells facing side of one of the two panes, preferably on the solar cell facing side of the first disc.

The invention can be further developed in that the first and / or the second translucent disc is or are formed as a glass pane, preferably as a hardened, in particular chemically hardened, glass pane.

The use of tempered glass has the advantage that these disks can be bent in fabrication to form a desired spatially-curved hybrid collector geometry. If both slices are made correspondingly curved, the solar cells, in particular if they are embedded in a foil, can be arranged therebetween and laminated together with the two slices so as to form a first bond with the desired spatial curvature.

It is preferable to use disks having a thickness of 1 to 19 mm, particularly preferred for certain applications being a thickness of less than 10 mm, in particular of 2 mm facing the sun.

The invention can be further developed in that the fluid conduit system, preferably the previously described conduit, and the insulating layer are designed and arranged such that the fluid conduit system, preferably the previously described conduit, is arranged substantially inside the insulating layer.

The insulating layer is preferably adapted to the fluid line system, that the fluid conduit system can be arranged in the insulating layer, that the combined height of fluid conduit system and insulating layer substantially corresponds to the height of the insulating layer alone. This can preferably be produced by the insulating layer having recesses which are adapted in their shape to the fluid conduit system, so that the fluid conduit system can be received in the recesses of the insulating layer. Preferably, the recesses extend over the entire height of the insulating layer, so that the insulating layer is arranged substantially only between, for example meandering arranged, sections of the fluid conduit system.

The invention may be further developed in that the frame is designed as a shell with a rear wall and an edge, wherein preferably a surface extent of the rear wall substantially corresponds to a surface extent of the hybrid collector and a height extent of the edge substantially corresponds to a perpendicular to the surface extent height extent of the hybrid collector.

In this embodiment, it is preferred that the components are arranged in layers so that their combined height or thickness corresponds to the height or height extent of the frame edge. In this way, a closed and sealed construction can be produced in an advantageous manner. Furthermore, this further development form, in particular also in combination with the further development form described above, has the advantage that the rear wall of the frame represents a stable surface for supporting the insulating layer and the fluid line system.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a hybrid collector system with a hybrid collector according to the invention or one of its developments described above and at least one control unit, which is designed to selectively connect a connection of the hybrid collector to the discharge with a current consumer or to a current storage device and / or a connection the hybrid collector for discharging heated fluid optionally with a system for using the heat energy, such as a water heater, or a storage to store the heat energy to connect.

Particularly in mobile applications, it is preferred that the power generated be either directly consumed or stored and / or heated fluid used directly or indirectly, for example for hot water preparation or storage, for example by transferring the heat of the heated fluid via heat exchange a storage medium. For this purpose, a control unit is preferably provided, which performs the switching, for example by manual, time or event-triggered release. Alternatively, two separate control units can be provided.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method for producing a hybrid collector, in particular a hybrid collector according to the invention described above or one of its further developments, for the combined use of solar energy by photovoltaic and solar thermal in mobile applications, comprising the steps: producing a first composite of two translucent sheets having one or more solar cells interposed therebetween, forming a second composite of a frame, an insulating layer, and a fluid conduit system of a flexible material for conducting a fluid medium through the hybrid collector, joining the first and second interconnections.

The method according to the invention has the advantage that the production of initially two separate composite structures makes possible and simplifies the production of both planar and spatially curved hybrid collectors. The first composite is preferably produced as a laminate of two panes with solar cells arranged between them, preferably embedded in a foil layer. It is possible, in particular when using glass panes, to create a spatially curved first composite structure. By using a flexible fluid conduit system in the second composite, it is also possible to make this second composite flat or spatially curved, in particular matching the first composite. In particular, if different materials are used in the first and second composite, the separate production of the first and second composite is associated with advantages. These two composite structures, which are preferably designed to match each other in shape, are then also connected to each other, preferably by a material bond, in particular by gluing.

By this manufacturing process can be especially individually shaped Provide hybrid panels with little effort, which can be adapted for example as a retrofit solution for different vehicle types or individual application geometries.

The method according to the invention can be developed in particular in order to produce the above-described forms of further development of the hybrid collector according to the invention. For the advantages, design variants and execution details of these method developments, reference is made to the preceding description of the corresponding device features.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a hybrid collector according to the invention or one of its previously described developments in mobile applications, in particular for a land or watercraft. It is particularly preferred that the hybrid collector is arranged on an outer surface of a land vehicle or watercraft, in particular in retrofit solutions, or, in particular in original equipment, is integrated into the outer surface of a land or watercraft. In this way aerodynamically very favorable structures can be created.

Particularly in the case of retrofit solutions, it is preferable to arrange one or more hybrid collectors according to the invention on a substructure which is arranged on an outer surface of a land vehicle or watercraft and securely connected thereto. In this way, an aerodynamically favorable transition between the outer surface of the land vehicle or watercraft and the surface of the hybrid collectors can be created and, on the other hand, the connection effort, in particular in the case of several hybrid collectors, on the outer surface of a vehicle can be minimized.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:

1 : a three-dimensional exploded view of a hybrid collector according to the invention,

2 a three-dimensional representation of several inventive hybrid collectors on a substructure, wherein one of the hybrid collectors is shown in an exploded view, and

3 : a schematic representation of a hybrid collector system.

The in 1 in a three-dimensional exploded view shown hybrid collector 100 comprises the following components: a first transparent disk formed as a chemically hardened, 1-19 mm, preferably 2 mm, thick, low-iron glass sheet 1 , a lattice-shaped UV protective layer 2 a second translucent second disc formed as a chemically cured, 1-19 mm, preferably 2 mm thick, low-iron glass sheet 4 , a fluid line system 5 for guiding a fluid medium through the hybrid collector 100 , an insulating layer 6 as well as a frame 7 ,

The latticed UV protection layer 2 hinders the incidence of UV light on the solar cells 3 Not. The UV protection layer 2 is preferably on the solar cells 3 facing side of the disc 1 applied by screen printing. The matrix-shaped solar cells 3 are preferably embedded in a flexible film, in particular a silicone film (not shown). The two glass panes 1 . 3 and the solar cells arranged between them 3 are preferably (together with the UV protective layer 2 ) glued or laminated to a first composite.

The frame 7 has a back wall 71 and a border 72 , where the surface area of the back wall 71 essentially the surface area of the hybrid collector 100 and the height extent of the edge 72 essentially corresponds to a perpendicular to the surface extent height extent or thickness of the hybrid collector.

The fluid line system 5 has a conduit of carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The line is arranged meandering. With 51 is a connection for the removal of heated medium or for supplying to be heated medium indicated.

The insulating layer 6 points to the fluid line system 5 adapted recesses 61 on. The pipe system 5 is so in the insulating layer 6 , in particular in the recesses 61 the insulating layer 6 , embedded that the combined height of the fluid conduit system 5 and the insulating layer 6 the height of the insulating layer 6 equivalent. The recesses 61 extend in the illustrated embodiment by the entire height or thickness of the insulating layer 6 ,

The fluid line system 5 , the insulating layer 6 and the frame 7 are preferably adhesively bonded to a second composite before the first and second composites, preferably also by gluing, form a hybrid collector according to the invention 100 be joined together with a closed, sealed, preferably fluid-tight, outer surface. Particularly for the bond between the conduit and the side of the second disc facing away from the solar cells, the use of a thermally conductive compound, for example by thermal adhesive, is preferred in order to improve the heat transfer from the glass to the fluid conduit system and the fluid flowing therein.

In 2 are several hybrid collectors 100 of which the middle in a for 1 similar exploded view is shown. Two of the hybrid collectors 101 , b have a non-rectangular basic shape, namely a basic shape with three corners and two straight edge sides and a side edge, in a section 102 , b is curved or bent and in a straight section 103a , b passes. These hybrid collectors 101 , b have a circumference that has no more than three corners.

The hybrid collectors 100 . 101 , b are in 2 on a substructure 200 arranged over which they can be attached, for example, as a retrofit solution on a land or watercraft. The illustrated hybrid collectors 100 . 101 However, b can also be used without a substructure 200 be mounted directly on an outer shell or integrated into this outer shell on a land or watercraft.

Due to the inventive design of the hybrid collectors 100 . 101 , b in a spatially curved shape on the one hand and the non-rectangular shape of the basic shape on the other hand, they can be advantageously used without great aerodynamic losses and adapted to the respective surface geometries in mobile application areas.

3 shows a hybrid collector system with a hybrid collector 100 who has a connection 110 for the removal of electricity generated and a connection 120 has to remove heated fluid. The connection 110 is with a first control unit 300a connected, which is adapted to the connection 110 optionally with a power consumer 111 or with a power storage device 112 connect to. The power consumer can be, for example, a vehicle electrical system, the power storage device may for example be an accumulator.

The connection 120 is with a second control unit 300b connected to the port 120 optionally with a system 121 for direct or indirect consumption of the heat energy generated, for example a water heater or with a memory 122 for storing the generated heat energy.

Alternatively, the two control units 300a , b also be realized by a common control unit, the functionalities of the two control units 300a , b united. There may also be several hybrid collectors 100 be provided, their respective connections 110 and 120 are merged to the respective control units.

Claims (15)

Hybrid collector for the combined use of solar energy by photovoltaic and solar thermal energy in mobile applications, in particular for land or water vehicles, comprising the following components A first translucent pane, A second translucent pane, One or more solar cells arranged between the two disks, A fluid conduit system for guiding a fluid medium through the hybrid collector, - an insulating layer and - a frame, wherein the fluid conduit system is formed of a flexible material. Hybrid collector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the hybrid collector has a shape which corresponds to a spatially curved shell portion. Hybrid collector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the fluid conduit system and / or the insulating layer and / or the frame, a fiber-matrix composite, preferably glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced plastic, comprise or consist thereof. Hybrid collector according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid conduit system has a, preferably at least partially meander-shaped, line, which is preferably connected to the second disc. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hybrid collector has at least one curved edge side. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a circumference of the hybrid collector has not more than three corners. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two, several or all of the components are materially connected to one another and / or fluid-tight manner, preferably by gluing. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar cells are embedded in a film, preferably a silicone film. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a, preferably applied as a screen print on one of the two panes, UV protection layer, which is designed and arranged such that it does not hinder UV light incidence on the solar cell. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or the second translucent disc is formed as a glass sheet, preferably as a hardened, in particular chemically hardened, glass sheet or are. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid conduit system, preferably the conduit according to claim 4, and the insulating layer are formed and arranged such that the fluid conduit system, preferably the conduit according to claim 4, is disposed substantially within the insulating layer. Hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame is designed as a shell with a rear wall and an edge, wherein preferably a surface extent of the rear wall substantially a surface extent of the hybrid collector and a height extent of the edge substantially a perpendicular to the surface extent height extent of the hybrid collector equivalent. Comprising hybrid collector system A hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, - At least one control unit which is adapted to selectively connect a terminal of the hybrid collector for the discharge of electricity generated with a power consumer or with a power storage device and / or a connection of the hybrid collector for discharging heated fluid optionally with a system for using the heat energy, such as a water heater , or to connect a memory for storing the thermal energy. Method for producing a hybrid collector, in particular a hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims, for the combined use of solar energy by photovoltaics and solar thermal energy in mobile applications, comprising the steps: Producing a first composite of two translucent panes with one or more solar cells arranged therebetween, Forming a second composite of a frame, an insulating layer and a fluid conduit system made of a flexible material for guiding a fluid medium through the hybrid collector, - Connecting the first and second composite. Use of a hybrid collector according to one of the preceding claims 1-12 in mobile applications, in particular for a land vehicle or watercraft, preferably integrated on an outer surface of a land vehicle or watercraft or in the outer surface of a land vehicle or watercraft.

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