DE102011083020A1 - Loading device, in particular for motor vehicles, methods and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a charging device, in particular for motor vehicles, having at least two power input terminals, which are coupled to each other different electrical energy sources, with a power output terminal which can be coupled to a battery, in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery, and with a controllable switching device, which is adapted is to turn on and / or interrupt an electrical connection between at least one of the power input terminals and the power output terminal. Further, the present invention discloses a method and a vehicle.

Description

The present invention relates to a loading device, in particular for motor vehicles. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for loading, in particular for motor vehicles, and a motor vehicle. The loading of vehicle batteries is for example from the DE 10 2009 028 500 A1 known.

State of the art

Vehicles have at least one traction drive which is e.g. drives the wheels of a vehicle to allow the vehicle to travel. Typically, this traction drive consists of a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine.

Since lowering fuel consumption and emissions of polluting exhaust gases in the development of automobiles is one of the major goals of a development engineer today, in modern automobiles, the internal combustion engines are assisted or replaced by electric propulsion systems. For example, if a vehicle is powered by an electric motor, it will not produce any emissions during operation. Therefore, a low-emission or emission-free operation of an automobile with an electric drive system is possible.

To manufacture an automobile with an electric drive system, e.g. a hybrid or electric vehicle to operate, it is necessary to carry an energy store for electrical energy in the vehicle, which can supply the electric drive system with electrical energy. As electrical energy storage for hybrid vehicles or the like today batteries, battery packs are used.

When used in an electric vehicle e.g. a battery used as an electrical energy storage, this battery must be charged before the electric vehicle can be moved. In a hybrid vehicle, it is also advantageous if the battery is already charged at the start of the journey, since otherwise it has to be charged by the internal combustion engine. This in turn means increased fuel consumption and higher emissions.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention discloses a loading device with the features of claim 1, a method with the features of claim 10 and a motor vehicle with the features of claim 15.

Accordingly, it is provided:
A charging device, in particular for motor vehicles, having at least two power input terminals, which can be coupled to each other different electrical energy sources, with a power output terminal which can be coupled to a battery, in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery, and with a controllable switching device, which is adapted to an electrical Turning on and / or interrupting connection between at least one of the power input terminals and the power output terminal.

A method of charging, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising the steps of providing at least two power input terminals, providing a power output which can be coupled to a battery, in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery, and switching on and / or interrupting an electrical connection between at least one of the power input terminals and the power output terminal ,

A motor vehicle, in particular an automobile, with a charging device according to one of claims 1 to 9 and with a vehicle battery, in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery, which is coupled to the charging device.

Advantages of the invention

The insight underlying the present invention is that different energy sources can be used to charge the battery of an automobile, particularly a plug-in hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle.

The idea underlying the present invention is now to take this knowledge into account and to provide a charging device for vehicles, which can be coupled with different energy sources in order to charge a battery.

The energy sources can deliver different currents at different voltages. Further, the power sources may provide DC or AC power.

If a charging device is provided which can use different energy sources to charge the battery of a vehicle, a flexible use of such a vehicle becomes possible. For example, at different locations, eg at a place of residence and at a workplace, different energy sources may be present. Integrated into a vehicle, a charging device, which is designed to the battery To load the vehicle with these different energy sources, you can load the vehicle, for example, overnight at home and load during the day at an energy source, which is available at the respective workplace. As a result, the greatest possible range for the vehicle is always available.

Such a charging device may have a controllable switching device, with which the different energy sources can be connected to the battery such that a DC voltage for charging the battery is safely available.

Furthermore, an integrated charging device according to the invention can be constructed very simply and inexpensively, since a plurality of components can be used multiple times. For example, in a vehicle having a charging device according to the invention, which can be charged via two different energy sources, certain sections of the wiring must be installed only once in the vehicle. Likewise, a control device must be installed only once in the vehicle. This one control device can control the charging with different energy sources. Advantageous embodiments and further developments emerge from the dependent claims and from the description with reference to the figures.

In one embodiment, a first power input terminal which is connectable to a DC power source, a second power input terminal which is connectable to a household power source, and a third power input terminal which is coupleable to a wireless power source are disposed in the charger. This makes it possible to charge the battery of a vehicle with electric power from three different power sources. There may be a fast charge of the battery via the DC high-energy source with e.g. 50 kW occur when such an energy source is present. Further, the vehicle may be powered by a household power source, e.g. be charged with 3.3 kW. Finally, the vehicle may be e.g. at parking lots that provide a wireless charge to be charged by a wireless power source without the driver of the vehicle would need to connect a cable to the vehicle. This allows a very flexible charging of the vehicle and allows the battery to be charged in different situations, e.g. Parking in the owner's garage, parking at a mall or by a friend's acquaintance to load. For example, the vehicle may be regularly charged by means of a wireless power source and charged in emergencies via a household power outlet.

In further embodiments, a charging device according to the invention may have more than three power input terminals. For example, an interface for charging with high voltage alternating current can be arranged in the charging device.

In a further embodiment, the third power input connection can be coupled to a wireless energy source by means of an inductive interface and / or a capacitive interface and / or a light interface, in particular a laser interface. If different wireless energy sources and energy transmission types are provided, a flexible adaptation of the charging device to different applications becomes possible. For example, inductive energy sources can transmit energy to a vehicle by conductor loops embedded in the ground or lying on the ground. Thus, a vehicle may e.g. be charged during the stance phase at a traffic light when an induction loop is embedded in the ground in front of the traffic light. When the electrical energy is inductively transmitted to the vehicle, a receiver conductor loop may be mounted in the vehicle, for example under the front axle of the vehicle. In a further embodiment, the receiver conductor loop may be arranged in the region of the rear axle of the vehicle or in the roof of the vehicle.

A light interface, for example, allows energy transfer by means of a laser. This electrical energy is converted into a laser light and converted back into electrical energy in the vehicle. With a laser electrical energy can be transmitted usually over greater distances than by means of an inductive or capacitive energy transfer.

In a further embodiment, a wireless energy transmission to the vehicle can also be effected by microwaves.

In one embodiment, at least one power input terminal has a conversion electronics which is designed to convert the electrical energy obtained from an electrical energy source into a suitable electrical energy for charging the battery, wherein the conversion electronics in particular a rectifier and / or a voltage converter and / or an inverter of an electric vehicle drive, which serves in a driving operation of the motor vehicle to convert the DC voltage of the battery into an AC voltage for an electric motor of the motor vehicle has. This makes it possible to use any power source to charge the battery of the vehicle. A battery usually requires a direct current for charging or a DC voltage of a certain strength. If the charging device is coupled to a power source that supplies eg alternating current, the battery can not be charged directly from this energy source. In one embodiment, the electrical voltage of the energy source can be converted into a DC voltage by means of a conversion electronics which is designed as a rectifier. In a further embodiment, a DC voltage, which has a higher or a lower voltage than is necessary for charging the battery, by a voltage converter electronics, such as a buck-boost converter, are converted to a voltage which is necessary for charging the battery , In one embodiment, an inverter, which generates an alternating current for operating the electric motor of the vehicle from a direct current of the vehicle when the vehicle is driving, can generate a DC voltage for charging the vehicle battery during charging operation from an alternating current of a voltage source.

In other embodiments, a single rectifier may be used for a variety of AC sources. In particular, synchronous rectifiers are suitable for this, since in these rectification of an input AC voltage can be carried out by a suitable control for different frequencies. Such an embodiment can therefore be operated with alternating voltage sources of different frequencies.

In yet another embodiment, a single transducer electronics is provided for all power input terminals. Such a converter electronics is arranged between the power input terminals and the switching device and has a controllable rectifier and a controllable voltage converter. As a result, both DC voltages and AC voltages of different levels can be converted into a DC voltage required for charging the battery. In particular, the inverter, which is used in a driving operation of the vehicle to convert the DC voltage of the battery into an AC voltage for the electric motor of the vehicle, can be used to convert a voltage applied to the power input terminals into a voltage suitable for charging the battery. This allows an integration of different charging subsystems in a single charging device and thus a very simple, less complex and therefore inexpensive construction of a charging device according to the invention. In one embodiment, the conversion electronics are not disposed in a power input terminal but disposed in the power output terminal.

In a further embodiment, the switching device is configured to respectively couple a single power input terminal to the power output terminal, wherein the switching means couples that power input terminal to the power output terminal coupled to an electrical energy source and through which the largest electrical power is receivable. If only one power input terminal is coupled to the power output terminal in each case, a very simple control of the switching device is made possible.

In one embodiment, the switching device is configured to simultaneously couple those power input terminals to the power output terminal, which are coupled to an electrical power source. When each of the power input terminals is coupled to the power output terminal which is coupled to a power source, a larger amount of electric power can be transmitted to the vehicle. This makes faster charging of the battery possible.

In a further embodiment, the switching device has two switches for each power input terminal, and the switching device has a control device which is designed to control the switches, the control device being designed to control the switches in dependence on which of the power input terminals is connected to a power source, and / or whether a load command has been given by a user. If two switches are provided for each power input terminal, which are controlled by a single control device, a very simple construction of the switching device is possible. Furthermore, a single control device can be used to perform all control tasks in the switching device. This reduces the complexity and cost of a charging device according to the invention.

In a further embodiment, the control device has a program-controlled device and / or a microcontroller and / or a configurable logic module and / or an FPGA and / or a CPLD and / or an application-specific integrated circuit and / or a computer and / or an embedded computer , If different possibilities are provided to execute the control device, a flexible adaptation of the control device to different requirements and applications becomes possible.

In a further embodiment, the switches have relays and / or semiconductor relays and / or semiconductor switches and / or FETs and / or MOSFETs and / or IGBTs. Become provided different ways to perform the switch, a flexible adaptation of the charging device to different requirements and applications is possible.

The above embodiments and developments can, if appropriate, combine with each other as desired. Further possible refinements, developments and implementations of the invention also include combinations, not explicitly mentioned, of features of the invention described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.

For example, a charging device according to the invention can also be used in aircraft and spacecraft, boats and the like or in other objects than vehicles.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments indicated in the schematic figures of the drawings. It shows:

1 a block diagram of an embodiment of a charging device according to the invention.

2 a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.

3 a block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention.

In all figures, the same or functionally identical elements and devices - unless otherwise stated - have been given the same reference numerals.

Embodiments of the invention

1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a charging device according to the invention 1 ,

The loading device 1 in 1 has two power input terminals 2 . 3 and a power output terminal 5 on, between which a controllable switching device 6 is coupled. Furthermore, in the charging device 1 one as a microcontroller 15 trained control device 15 arranged, which with the switching device 6 is coupled to control these.

The power input terminals 2 . 3 are each with an energy source 20 . 21 coupled to the charging device 1 supply with electrical energy. Further, the power output terminal is 5 with a vehicle high-voltage battery 17 coupled.

In the illustrated embodiment, the microcontroller is 15 adapted to the switching device 6 such that each one of those power input terminal 2 . 3 with the power output connector 5 is coupled, its energy source 20 . 21 the largest electric power supplies. Furthermore, the switching device 6 Relay as a switch on.

In further embodiments, the control device 15 be implemented as a configurable logic device or an FPGA or CPLD, an application-specific integrated circuit or an embedded computer. Furthermore, the switching device 6 than switches also have semiconductor relays, semiconductor switches, FETs, MOSFETs and / or IGBTs instead of relays.

2 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.

In a first step S1, at least two power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 provided. In a second step S2, a power output 5 provided, which with a battery 17 , in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery 17 , can be coupled. Finally, in a third step S3, an electrical connection between at least one of the power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 and the power output connector 5 switched on and / or interrupted.

For example, an electrical connection between at least one of the power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 and the power output connector 5 be turned on when at least one of the power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 with an electrical energy source 20 . 21 . 22 is coupled and a driver a command to charge the battery 17 gave. In other embodiments, the battery 17 Also charged if the driver does not have a command to charge the battery 17 has given, but the battery 17 not fully charged.

3 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention 18 ,

The vehicle 18 in 3 has a vehicle high-voltage battery 17 on, which with an embodiment of a charging device according to the invention 1 is coupled.

The loading device 1 has three power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 on, one each with an energy source 20 . 21 . 22 coupled is. The power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 are each about two separate electrical lines with a switching device 6 coupled. In this case, the switching device 6 two switches each 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 for each of the power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 on. On the output side is the switching device 6 with a power output connection 5 coupled, in each case the lines of the switches 9 . 11 . 13 and the switch 10 . 12 . 14 to a common point and then to the power output connector 5 be coupled. Finally, the power input terminals 3 and 4 one conversion electronics each 8th in the form of a rectifier 8th on.

In 3 is the power input connection 2 with a DC power source 20 coupled. Further, the second power input terminal 3 with a household power source 21 coupled. Finally, the third power input connector 4 with a wireless power source 22 coupled. In further embodiments, other energy sources, such as wind turbines, three-phase power sources, or the like may be connected to the power input terminals 2 . 3 . 4 be coupled.

In still other embodiments, a single combined conversion electronics 8th be provided, which has a controllable rectifier and a voltage converter. This conversion electronics can the switching device 6 upstream or eg also in the power output connection 5 to be ordered. With such a conversion electronics 8th can the charger 1 to different energy sources 20 . 21 . 22 be connected, which have different types of voltages, such as DC voltage (AC) and AC voltage (AC), and different voltages, eg 230 volts AC, 400 volts DC, 110 volts AC or the like.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto, but modifiable in a variety of ways. In particular, the invention can be varied or modified in many ways without deviating from the gist of the invention.

For example, the embodiment of a charging device according to the invention 3 be used in other objects than vehicles, which have a battery as a power supply. In this case, the battery can be used as a power supply for any electrical and / or electronic devices that do not necessarily serve to drive an object.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009028500 A1 [0001]

Claims (15)

Charging device, in particular for motor vehicles, having at least two power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ), each with different electrical energy sources ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) can be coupled; with a power output connection ( 5 ), which with a battery ( 17 ), in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery, can be coupled; with a controllable switching device ( 6 ), which is adapted to an electrical connection between at least one of the power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) and the power output terminal ( 5 ) to turn on and / or interrupt. Charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that a first power input terminal ( 2 ), which is powered by a DC ( 20 ), a second power input terminal ( 3 ), which with a household power source ( 21 ) and a third power input terminal ( 4 ), which is powered by a wireless energy source ( 22 ) in the loading device ( 1 ) are arranged. Charging device according to claim 2, characterized in that the third power input terminal ( 4 ) by means of an inductive interface and / or a capacitive interface and / or a light interface, in particular a laser interface, and / or a microwave interface with a wireless energy source ( 22 ) can be coupled. Charging device according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that at least one power input terminal ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) a conversion electronics ( 8th ), which is adapted to receive from an electrical energy source ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) received electrical energy in a for charging the battery ( 17 ) to convert suitable electrical energy, wherein the conversion electronics ( 8th ) in particular a rectifier and / or a voltage converter and / or an inverter of an electric vehicle drive, which serves in a driving operation of the motor vehicle to convert the DC voltage of the battery into an AC voltage for an electric motor of the motor vehicle. Loading device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching device ( 6 ) is adapted to each have a single power input terminal ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) to the power output terminal ( 5 ), the switching device ( 6 ) the power input terminal ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) to the power output terminal ( 5 ) coupled to an electrical energy source ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) is coupled, and over which the largest electric power is receivable. Loading device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching device ( 6 ) is adapted to each of those power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) simultaneously with the power output terminal ( 5 ), which are connected to an electrical energy source ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) are coupled. Loading device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the switching device ( 6 ) for each power input terminal ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) two switches each ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) and a control device ( 15 ), which is adapted to the switches ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ), the control device ( 15 ) is designed to switch ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) depending on which of the power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) with an energy source ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) and / or whether a load instruction has been given by a user. Loading device according to claim 7, characterized in that the control device ( 15 ) comprises a program-controlled device and / or a microcontroller and / or a configurable logic device and / or an FPGA and / or a CPLD and / or an application-specific integrated circuit and / or a computer and / or an embedded computer. Loading device according to claim 8, characterized in that the switches ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) Relay and / or semiconductor relay and / or semiconductor switch and / or FETs and / or MOSFETs and / or IGBTs have. A method of charging, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising the steps of: providing (S1) at least two power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ); Providing (S2) a power output terminal ( 5 ), which with a battery ( 17 ), in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery, can be coupled; Switching on and / or interrupting (S3) an electrical connection between at least one of the power input terminals (S3) 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) and the power output terminal ( 5 ). The method of claim 10, wherein in providing (S1) at least two power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) a first power input terminal ( 2 ), which is powered by a DC ( 20 ), a second power input terminal ( 3 ), which with a household power source ( 21 ) and a third power input terminal ( 4 ), which is powered by a wireless energy source ( 22 ) in the loading device ( 1 ) to be provided. Method according to one of claims 10 and 11, further comprising at least one of the power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) received electrical energy in a for charging the battery ( 17 ) suitable electrical energy is converted, wherein the electrical energy is in particular rectified or voltage converted. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein when switching on and / or interrupting (S3) in each case a single power input terminal (S3) 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) to the power output terminal ( 5 ), wherein the power input terminal ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) to the power output terminal ( 5 ) which is connected to an electrical energy source ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) is coupled and over which the largest electrical power is receivable; and / or wherein at power-up and / or interruption (S3) respectively those power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) simultaneously with the power output terminal ( 5 ), which at the moment of switching on and / or interrupting (S3) with an electrical energy source ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) are coupled. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein at power-on and / or interruption (S3) for each power input terminal (S3) 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) two switches each ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ), the switches ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) are controlled depending on which of the power input terminals ( 2 . 3 ; 2 . 3 . 4 ) with an energy source ( 20 . 21 ; 20 . 21 . 22 ) and / or whether a load instruction has been given by a user. Motor vehicle, in particular automobile, with a charging device ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 9; with a vehicle battery ( 17 ), in particular a vehicle high-voltage battery, which with the charging device ( 1 ) is coupled.

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