DE102011013950A1 - Burner and method for operating a burner - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a burner (1) for generating at least two separate flames (2) and a method for operating a burner. The burner comprises at least one fuel supply (3) having an outlet side (4) and an oxidizing agent supply (5) surrounding the at least one fuel supply (3) with an outlet opening (6). A nozzle section (7) with at least one first outlet opening (8.1) and a second outlet opening (8.2) is formed on the outlet side (4) of the at least one fuel supply (3). The first exit opening (8.1) lies essentially in a first exit plane (9.1) and the second exit opening (8.2) lies essentially in a second exit plane (9.2), the first exit plane (9.1) and the two exit planes (9.2) at a first angle Include (10) of at least 5 °. With the burner 1 according to the invention, the installation of several burners for heating two adjacent points can be dispensed with. In addition, the area where the flames are directed is more accessible for maintenance.

Description

The present invention relates to a burner for producing at least two separate flames and to a method for operating a burner. The burner includes a fuel supply and an oxidant supply that surrounds the fuel supply. Preferably, such a burner and such a method for heating a flow opening of an enamel oven and the liquid enamel are used.

For the production of enamel, a mixture comprising glass-forming oxides is usually finely ground and melted in an enamel oven. The mixture is first preheated in the enamel oven with a first main burner and melted with a second main burner. The molten mixture flows out of the enamel oven through a flow opening and into a water bath along a wall below the passage opening. In order to heat the passage opening and the wall, at least one burner is arranged on the side opposite the throughflow opening of the enamel oven, the flame of which is directed onto the passage opening. It has been found that a single burner is not sufficient to keep the mixture in the molten state until it enters the water bath. It has therefore been proven to direct a second burner on the wall below the passage opening and thus to further heat the molten mixture. These burners are known as door burners and are usually operated with air as the oxidant.

It has now been found that the known door burners do not necessarily provide sufficient energy to keep the molten mixture in a liquid state. In order to maintain a smooth operation of the enamel furnace, it is also necessary to regularly mechanically clean the passage opening. Here, the arrangement of two door burners opposite the passage opening of the enamel furnace is unfavorable, since at least one door burner has to be switched off to clean the passage opening.

Object of the present invention is therefore to solve the problems described with reference to the prior art, at least partially. In particular, a burner and a method for operating a burner are specified, which make it possible to provide a high heating power at several adjacent locations.

These objects are achieved with a burner and a method according to the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments and a preferred use of the invention are specified in the dependent formulated claims. It should be noted that the features listed individually in the dependent claims can be combined with each other in any technologically meaningful manner and define further embodiments of the invention. In addition, the features specified in the claims are specified and explained in more detail in the description, wherein further preferred embodiments of the invention are shown.

• – mindestens eine, eine Auslassseite aufweisende Brennstoffzuführung,
• – eine die mindestens eine Brennstoffzuführung umgebende Oxidationsmittelzuführung mit einer Auslassöffnung, wobei

an der Auslassseite der mindestens einen Brennstoffzuführung ein Düsenabschnitt mit mindestens einer ersten Austrittsöffnung und einer zweiten Austrittsöffnung ausgebildet ist, wobei die erste Austrittsöffnung im Wesentlichen in einer ersten Austrittsebene und die zweite Austrittsöffnung im Wesentlichen in einer zweiten Austrittsebene liegt und die erste Austrittsebene und die zwei Austrittsebene einen ersten Winkel von mindestens 5° [Grad], bevorzugt mindestens 15° einschließen.The object is achieved by a burner for producing at least two separate flames, comprising

• At least one fuel supply having an outlet side,
• An oxidant supply with an outlet opening surrounding the at least one fuel supply, wherein

at the outlet side of the at least one fuel supply, a nozzle portion is formed with at least a first outlet opening and a second outlet opening, wherein the first outlet opening substantially in a first exit plane and the second outlet opening is located substantially in a second exit plane and the first exit plane and the two exit plane a first angle of at least 5 ° [degrees], preferably at least 15 °.

The burner generally extends from a supply side to a flame side, wherein a fuel is conducted from the supply side to the flame side in at least one, preferably exactly one fuel supply. The fuel is guided from the so-called inlet side on the supply side to the outlet side. The necessary for the combustion of the fuel oxidant is fed from the supply side to the flame side in the oxidant supply. The opening in the oxidant supply through which the oxidant exits the oxidant supply is referred to as the outlet port.

According to the invention, the oxidant supply surrounds the fuel feed, which means that the fuel feed is arranged in the oxidant feed. In order to space the at least one fuel supply in the oxidant supply, spacers may be provided on the outside of the fuel supply and / or the inside of the oxidant supply.

The nozzle section is formed on the outlet side of the at least one fuel supply and is thus likewise flowed through during operation of the fuel. The nozzle section is in particular the area in which a Modified flow parameter of the fuel in the fuel supply. This change can be in particular in a reduction of the flow diameter and / or in a change in direction of the flow. In this case, the region in which the fuel leaves the nozzle section and thus from the burner is referred to as the outlet opening. After the outlet opening, the fuel mixes with the oxidizing agent and can react with it exothermically.

According to the invention, each outlet opening can be assigned a separate fuel feed. However, it is preferred that exactly one fuel supply is present and the outlet openings are formed in exactly one component of the nozzle section. A limitation of the outlet opening determines the exit plane. If the boundary does not lie in a plane, the exit plane is preferably to be understood as a compensation plane which tangentially touches the border in at least two points, the distance of the border to the compensation plane being minimal at all points of the border. Furthermore, an exit plane is preferably defined such that it is normal to the respective main flow direction of the fuel jet respectively exited through the exit opening, ie to the main flow direction of the fuel produced by the nozzle section with the exit opening. The burner has at least two outlet planes, in each of which at least one outlet opening is formed. The at least two exit planes are aligned with each other so that they intersect at a first angle of at least 5 °, taking the acute angle as a reference. It is not necessary for the first angle to coincide with the angle included by the corresponding two flames, but this is preferred.

Due to the inventive design of the nozzle section, two fuel jets are formed when flowing through the outlet openings of the fuel supply, which include an angle which is preferably greater than 5 °. In the exothermic reaction of the fuel of the two jets with the oxidant surrounding the fuel substantially as it exits the exit port of the oxidant supply, two separate flames are formed which also enclose an angle of preferably greater than 5 ° to each other.

In this context, a flame is understood as the region in which the fuel reacts exothermically with the oxidizing agent and is emitted from the light from the visible spectral range. Thus, two separate flames are understood to mean that there are two distinct non-contiguous regions in which the fuel exothermically reacts with the oxidant and each emits light from the visible spectral region.

With the burner according to the invention it is thus possible to heat two separate areas arranged with only one burner. It is compared to known from the prior art solutions only a supply system for the fuel, the oxidizing agent and control lines to the one burner necessary. Further burners are no longer needed if separate adjacent areas are to be heated.

According to a preferred embodiment of the burner according to the invention, the nozzle portion is detachably connected to the at least one fuel supply. A releasable connection can be realized for example by a thread, wherein a pin bore is provided, with which the nozzle portion can be fixed in a predetermined position on the fuel supply. It is thus easily possible to replace the nozzle portion quickly, wherein differently designed nozzle sections can be provided so that, for example, the number of flames or the flame distribution is changed by replacing the nozzle portion. This is particularly simple especially with exactly one fuel supply.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the burner according to the invention, a cross-sectional area of the first outlet opening differs from a cross-sectional area of the second outlet opening. By cross-sectional area is meant in particular the area defined by the boundary of the outlet opening. The cross-sectional areas of the different outlet openings can therefore differ, inter alia, in their shape and / or in their area size. The cross-sectional area essentially determines the shape, the size and / or the intensity of a flame, at least in comparison to the other flames. Thus, by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first outlet opening to the cross-sectional area of the second outlet opening, a different heating power of the two flames can be set.

In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that exactly one fuel feed is provided, wherein the nozzle portion has a conical outer surface. With the outer surface of the nozzle portion is meant in particular the surface in which the outlet openings are arranged. Elite cone-shaped outer surface is particularly easy to manufacture with simple manufacturing measures. The exit plane of the outlet openings in the conical outer surface is the tangential surface the conical outer surface containing the center of the outlet opening and thus is identical to the level of compensation described above.

Another development of the invention is characterized in that the first outlet opening and the second outlet opening are realized as bore openings of bores. With holes particularly simple structures in the nozzle section can be introduced, with which the fuel can be performed. It is particularly preferred if the holes have bore axes and the bore axes include a second angle of 20 ° to 40 °, preferably from 25 ° to 35 °. The bores thus form channels, are deflected by the original flow direction of the fuel in the fuel supply in the flow direction of the exiting fuel. The second angle thus preferably corresponds to the angle which the flames include during operation. By adjusting the second angle, the flame distribution can thus be adapted to the given operating conditions.

Preferably, a cross section of the outlet opening of the oxidant supply has a circular cross-section. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-section of the oxidant feed outlet has a first length in a first direction and a second length in a second direction, the second direction being orthogonal to the first direction and the quotient of the first length and second length is not equal to 1, preferably greater than 1.2. This means in particular that the cross section of the outlet opening of the oxidant supply is not circular. The cross section is for example elliptical or oval. By cross-section is meant a section through the burner orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the burner and thus also substantially orthogonal to the fuel supply and the oxidant supply. Preferably, the first length is in the plane in which, when two flames are formed, the angle enclosed by the flames lies. Thus, it should be ensured that the oxidizing agent is preferably conducted into the area of the flames.

The burner according to the invention preferably has a device for detecting the flames. The device for detecting the flames is preferably connected to a control device, so that the operation of the burner according to the invention can be monitored from a control station. In this context, it is also advantageous if the burner has an automatic ignition device.

• – Führen von Oxidationsmittel durch eine Oxidationsmittelzuführung,
• – Führen von Brennstoff in mindestens einer Brennstoffzuführung, die von der Oxidationsmittelzuführung umgeben ist,
• – Führen des Brennstoffs durch mindestens eine erste Austrittsöffnung und eine zweite Austrittsöffnung aus der Brennstoffzuführung, um mindestens zwei Brennstoffstrahlen zu erzeugen, so dass mindestens eine erste Flamme und eine zweite, von der ersten Flamme getrennte Flamme entstehen, wobei die erste Flamme und die zweite Flamme einen dritten Winkel von mindestens 5°, bevorzugt zwischen 20° und 40° einschließen. Die zwei Flammen können aber auch einen dritten Winkel von bis zu 90° einschließen.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for operating a burner, in particular a burner according to the invention, comprising at least the following steps, is proposed:

• Passing oxidant through an oxidant feed,
• Leading fuel in at least one fuel supply, which is surrounded by the oxidant supply,
• Passing the fuel through at least one first exit opening and a second exit opening from the fuel supply to produce at least two fuel jets so as to produce at least a first flame and a second flame separate from the first flame, the first flame and the second flame a third angle of at least 5 °, preferably between 20 ° and 40 ° include. The two flames can also include a third angle of up to 90 °.

The two fuel jets react with the surrounding oxidant and thus form the at least two flames in an exothermic reaction. By way of operating parameters such as volume flow and / or pressure of the oxidizing agent and of the fuel and their relationships with one another, parameters of the at least two flames can be changed. For example, when increasing the pressure of the fuel, an extension of the flame is possible.

It is particularly advantageous if the oxidizing agent comprises at least 30% by volume, particularly preferably at least 50% by volume, very particularly preferably at least 90% by volume of oxygen. Such an oxidizing agent is given for example by oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen. A high oxygen content oxidant can produce a very high flame temperature in the exothermic reaction with the fuel. Thus, at least two separate flames, each with a very high flame temperature, can be generated which heat separated regions more effectively.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the fuel is a combustible gas mixture, natural gas, liquid gas, biogas, acyltelene, propane or hydrogen.

According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided an enamel oven having a flow passage for liquid enamel, a wall formed under the flow opening and a burner according to the invention, wherein the burner is oriented so that in operation one flame is applied to the flow opening and another flame is applied to the Wall is directed. In operation, thus, the melt heated by at least one main burner is passed through a flow opening occur, wherein the flowing through the flow passage melt and then flowing down along the wall melt is heated by the burner according to the invention.

A flame produced according to the invention preferably has a length of 40 cm [centimeters] to 100 cm, particularly preferably 50 cm to 90 cm.

Preferably, the burner is operated with a heating power of 100 kW [kilowatt] to 200 kW, preferably from 130 kW to 170 kW.

In order to enable a quick cooling of the fuel supply after switching off the burner, preferably cooling air is supplied to the burner.

The details and advantages disclosed for the device according to the invention can be transferred and applied to the method according to the invention and vice versa.

The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. The figures show particularly preferred embodiments, to which the invention is not limited. In particular, it should be noted that the figures and in particular the illustrated proportions are only schematic. They show schematically:

1 a burner according to the invention,

2 : a nozzle section of a burner according to the invention in sectional view,

3 a view from below of the nozzle section according to 2 .

4 : the nozzle section according to 2 .

5 an enamel oven with a burner according to the invention,

6 : a cross section through the burner according to the invention according to 1 ,

1 schematically shows a burner according to the invention 1 with a fuel supply 3 and one the fuel supply 3 surrounding oxidant feed 5 for producing two flames 2.1 . 2.2 , The flames 2.1 . 2.2 close a third angle 18 one. The fuel supply 3 has an outlet side 4 on, at the one nozzle section 7 is attached. The oxidant feed 5 has an outlet opening 6 on the side of the burner 1 on, at the flames 2.1 . 2.2 form. The oxidant feed 5 has at least in the region of the outlet side of the fuel supply 3 a cross section 15 on that in 6 is shown.

In operation, a fuel is through the fuel supply 3 and an oxidizer through the oxidant feed 5 directed. The nozzle section 7 through which the fuel from the fuel supply 3 exit and related to 2 to 4 is described in more detail, is designed so that two jets of fuel, so that in an exothermic reaction of the fuel with the oxidant two flames 2 train that a third angle 18 lock in.

2 to 4 show a nozzle section 7 who in 2 and 4 is shown in a sectional view and in 3 is shown in a view from below. The nozzle section 7 includes a conical outer surface 24 in which a first outlet opening 8.1 and a second exit opening 8.2 are formed. The first outlet 8.1 and the second exit opening 8.2 be through a hole 12 with a bore opening 11 educated. The first outlet 8.1 lies in a first exit level 9.1 , wherein the first exit plane 9.1 tangential to the first exit opening 8.1 is applied. The first exit level 9.1 but is also parallel to a fictitious level of compensation through the exit opening 8.1 , The second outlet 8.2 is accordingly in a second exit level 9.2 , The first exit plane and the second exit plane intersect at a first angle 10 ,

The holes 12 have a bore axis 13 up, with a second angle 14 cuts. The second angle 14 is of a similar size as the third angle 18 the flames 2 during operation.

5 shows schematically the use of a burner 1 with an enamel oven 19 , The burner 1 includes at least one fuel supply and one oxidant supply 5 , A melt from the enamel oven 19 passes through a flow opening 20 out and flows along a wall 21 down. The area of the flow opening 20 and the wall 21 be from the burner 1 with two separate flames 2 heated, a third angle 18 lock in. By the use of the burner according to the invention 1 Thus, the installation and operation of two separate burners superfluous. Only one supply line to the one burner according to the invention 1 must be provided. When using only one burner 1 it is possible the flow opening 20 To clean mechanically during operation, since the holding devices and supply lines to an otherwise required second burner are not available.

6 schematically shows a cross section of the burner according to the invention 1 , The cross section of the fuel supply 3 is circular while the cross section 15 the oxidant feed is elliptical. The cross section 15 the oxidant supply thus has a first length 22 in a first direction 16 extending from a second length 23 in a second direction 17 different. By such a cross section of the burner 1 oxidant is preferably distributed in the plane in which the two flames 2.1 . 2.2 the third angle 18 lock in.

With the burner according to the invention 1 can be dispensed with the installation of multiple burners for heating two adjacent locations. In addition, the area where the flames are directed is better accessible for maintenance.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

burner

2

flame

3

fuel supply

4

outlet

5

Oxidant supply

6

outlet

7

nozzle section

8.1

first exit opening

8.2

second exit opening

9.1

first exit level

9.2

second exit level

10

first angle

11

bore opening

12

drilling

13

bore axis

14

second angle

15

cross-section

16

first direction

17

second direction

18

third angle

19

Enamel oven

20

Flow opening

21

wall

22

first length

23

second length

24

outer surface

Claims (11)

Burner ( 1 ) for producing at least two separate flames ( 2 ), comprising - at least one, an outlet side ( 4 ) having fuel supply ( 3 ), - one the at least one fuel supply ( 3 ) surrounding oxidant feed ( 5 ) with an outlet opening ( 6 ), whereby at the outlet side ( 4 ) of the at least one fuel supply ( 3 ) a nozzle section ( 7 ) with at least one first outlet opening ( 8.1 ) and a second exit opening ( 8.2 ), wherein the first outlet opening ( 8.1 ) substantially in a first exit plane ( 9.1 ) and the second exit opening ( 8.2 ) substantially in a second exit plane ( 9.2 ) and the first exit plane ( 9.1 ) and the two exit levels ( 9.2 ) a first angle ( 10 ) of at least 5 °. Burner ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle section ( 7 ) releasably connected to the at least one fuel supply ( 3 ) connected is. Burner ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cross-sectional area of the first outlet openings ( 8.1 ) of a cross-sectional area of the second outlet opening ( 8.2 ) is different. Burner ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, in which exactly one fuel feed ( 3 ) is provided, wherein the nozzle section ( 7 ) has a conical outer surface. Burner ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the first outlet opening ( 8.1 ) and the second exit opening ( 8.2 ) as bore openings ( 11 ) of bores ( 12 ) are realized. Burner ( 1 ) according to claim 5, wherein the bores ( 12 ) Bore axes ( 13 ) and the bore axes ( 13 ) a second angle ( 14 ) from 20 ° to 40 °. Burner ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a cross section ( 15 ) of the outlet opening ( 6 ) of the oxidant supply ( 5 ) a first length ( 22 ) in a first direction ( 16 ) and a second length ( 23 ) in a second direction ( 17 ), wherein the second direction ( 17 ) orthogonal to the first direction ( 16 ) and the quotient of the first length ( 22 ) and the second length ( 23 ) is not equal to 1. Method for operating a burner ( 1 ), comprising at least the following steps: - passing oxidant through an oxidant feed ( 5 ), - guiding fuel in at least one fuel supply ( 3 ) derived from the oxidant feed ( 5 ), - passing the fuel through at least one first outlet opening ( 8.1 ) and a second exit opening ( 8.2 ) from the fuel supply ( 3 ) to produce at least two fuel jets so that at least one first flame ( 2.1 ) and a second, from the first flame ( 2.1 ) separate flame ( 2.2 ), the first flame ( 2.1 ) and the second flame ( 2.2 ) a third angle ( 18 ) of at least 5 °. The method of claim 8, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises at least 30% by volume of oxygen. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the fuel is natural gas. Enamel Furnace ( 19 ) with a flow opening ( 20 ) for a melt, one below the flow opening ( 20 ) trained wall ( 21 ) and a burner ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the burner ( 1 ) is aligned so that in operation a flame ( 2 ) on the flow opening ( 19 ) and another flame ( 2 ) on the wall ( 21 ).

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