DE102010063528B4 - Method for connecting bus lines to buses and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for connecting at least three bus participants (TN1, TN2, TN3) with a connecting element (VE) which has a first state machine (ZA1) and a second state machine (ZA2) and a bus which is designed with dominant and recessive levels, the the first bus subscriber (TN1) is connected to the connecting element (VE) by means of a first bus line and the second bus subscriber (TN2) is connected to the connecting element (VE) by means of a second bus line, the second bus subscriber (TN2) being connected to the first state machine (ZA1 ) is connected and the third bus subscriber (TN3) is connected to the connecting element (VE) by means of a third bus line, the third bus subscriber (TN3) being connected to the second state machine (ZA2), a first one from the first state machine (ZA1) dominant level, which is sent by the first bus subscriber (TN1) on the first bus line, on at least one further bus line is reproduced and after changing the first level from dominant to ...

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 10.

Buses in the context of this invention are exclusively buses that are designed with dominant and recessive levels. An example of such a bus is the CAN bus. The recessive level is the default state of the bus. Each bus user transmitting a dominant level overwrites the recessive level. If two bus subscribers transmit on the same bus at the same time, one sending a dominant level and another a recessive level, the bus assumes the voltage of the dominant level and the recessive level is lost. Each transmitting bus subscriber must supply the voltage present on the bus compare with its own transmit signal to see if its sent recessive level is overwritten by a dominant level. During arbitration, this collision detection is used to decide on the basis of a message identification code which bus subscriber is allowed to send a message next. This method of the bus access method is called CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Avoidance). It is used, for example, for CAN buses and is described in the publication "Bus Systems in Automotive Engineering: Protocols and Standards; with 89 tables / Werner Zimmermann; Ralf Schmidgall. - 1. Aufl .. - Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 2006, ISBN 3-8348-0166-6 "on page 20 described.

Buses of the type mentioned are preferably used in automobiles and are used for connecting a plurality of bus subscribers in particular control devices, sensors and / or actuators to a network. During the development and testing of such networks, simulators will also be integrated into these networks. The possibility of flexibly connecting subnets made up of one or more interconnected bus subscribers to multiple independent buses is particularly desirable in development and testing.

From the publication EP 0698980 A2 a serial bus system is known which operates according to the carrier sense multiple access access method (CSMA) with bitwise arbitration, wherein the bus system consists of at least two single bus systems, which are connected to a star coupler, all connected individual bus systems so interconnects to an entire bus system that an arbitration takes place involving all connected individual bus systems.

From the publication "Controller area network: CAN; Foundations and Practice / Wolfhard Lawrenz (ed.). - 4th, revised. Aufl. - Heidelberg: Hüthig, 2000, ISBN 3-7785-2780-0 "on page 362f and the point 7.2.3.2. is a CAN repeater known. A CAN repeater is a device having a first state machine for connecting at least three bus subscribers to a bus which is designed with dominant and recessive levels, the first bus subscriber being connected to the device by means of a first bus line and the second bus subscriber being connected by means of a second bus subscriber Bus line is connected to the device and the third bus subscriber is connected by means of a third bus line to the device, and from the first state machine, a first dominant level, which is transmitted from the first bus subscriber on the first bus line is reproduced on at least one further bus line and after a change of the first level from dominant to recessive, only recessive levels are transmitted for a predetermined period of time by the first state machine on the first and the at least one further bus lines.

An exemplary configuration is in 6 shown. 6 shows a first bus subscriber TN1, a second bus subscriber TN2, a third bus subscriber TN3 and a CAN repeater with an implementation of a state machine ZA1. The first bus subscriber TN1 is connected to the CAN repeater CR via a first bus line, the second bus subscriber TN2 is connected to the CAN repeater CR via a second bus line, and third bus subscriber TN3 is connected to the CAN repeater CR via a third bus line.

The CAN repeater CR reproduces a dominant level received on one bus line on all other connected bus lines and pays attention to a change of the received dominant level to a recessive level. For level matching, a state machine ZA1 is typically implemented in a CAN repeater CR. Transceivers, not shown in the figure, convert the voltages on the bus line into input signals for the CAN repeater and output signals of the CAN repeater into voltages on the bus line and ensure that dominant levels override recessive levels on the bus lines. By using different transceivers, different variants of CAN buses can be interconnected by means of the CAN repeater.

The state machine ZA1 is typically implemented in one or more FPGAs and / or one or more ASICs.

Changing the connection of the bus users to a network always requires a change of the wiring. Each bus line whose bus assignment is to be changed must be connected to another CAN repeater, which entails the disadvantage of a necessary rewiring.

The object of the invention is to develop the state of the art.

The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 10. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims.

The first object of the invention relates to a method for connecting at least three bus subscribers to a connection element which has a first state machine and a second state machine and a bus which is designed with dominant and recessive levels, wherein the first bus subscriber by means of a first bus line with the Connecting element is connected and the second bus subscriber is connected by means of a second bus line to the connecting element, wherein the second bus subscriber is connected to the first state machine and the third bus subscriber is connected by means of a third bus line to the connecting element, wherein the third bus subscriber connected to the second state machine in which, from the first state machine, a first dominant level transmitted by the first bus subscriber on the first bus line is reproduced on at least one further bus line and after a change of the de For example, at the first level from dominant to recessive, only recessive levels are sent from the first state machine on the first and at least one other bus lines for a predetermined period of time, and from the second state machine, a second dominant level sent by the first bus user on the first bus line is reproduced on at least one further bus line and after a change of the second level from dominant to recessive for a predetermined period of time from the second state machine on the first and the at least one further bus line only recessive levels are sent, the connecting element a first multiplexer, which is connected to the first state machine, the second state machine and the first bus subscriber, and the first bus user is connected by the first multiplexer to the first state machine or the second state machine to connect the first bu to the second bus subscriber or to the third bus subscriber.

The second object of the invention relates to a device having a first state machine and a second state machine for connecting at least three bus users to a bus which is designed with dominant and recessive levels, wherein the first bus subscriber is connected to the device by means of a first bus line and the second bus subscriber is connected to the device by means of a second bus line, wherein the second bus subscriber is connected to the first state machine and the third bus subscriber is connected to the device by means of a third bus line, the third bus subscriber being connected to the second state machine, of which first state machine, a first dominant level, which is transmitted from the first bus subscriber on the first bus line, reproduced on at least one further bus line and after a change of the first level from dominant to recessive for a vorbesti mmth time from the first state machine on the first and the at least one further bus line only recessive levels are sent and reproduced by the second state machine, a second dominant level, which is sent from the first bus on the first bus, on at least one other bus line and after a change in the second level from dominant to recessive for a predetermined period of time, only recessive levels are sent from the second state machine on the first and at least one further bus lines, a first multiplexer connected to the first state machine, the second state machine, and the first state machine Bus subscriber is provided, are provided, and the first bus subscriber is connected by means of the first multiplexer with the first state machine or the second state machine to establish the connection of the first bus subscriber to the second bus subscriber or to the third bus subscriber s.

One advantage of the method according to the invention is that the implementations of a plurality of state machines, as also used in CAN repeaters, are combined with a multiplexer in a connection element. The multiplexer connects individual or multiple bus users connected by bus lines with the implementations of the state machines. Several bus subscribers are connected to a network by means of an implementation of a state machine. With the multiplexer, it is possible to change the connection of the first bus user with the state machine at any time, without any change to the hardware must be performed, which is account-intensive and error-prone.

Another advantage of the invention is that no rewiring in a change of Bus topology is needed. The first bus subscriber can be connected by a new circuit of the multiplexer with another state machine and thus another bus subscriber.

Another advantage of the invention is that changes to the topology can be made at any time and very quickly. Thus, a bus subscriber can be decoupled during operation from a state machine or coupled to a state machine.

Another advantage of the invention is that it can be used both for buses on which a CAN protocol is used, as well as for other bus protocols, which operate with dominant and recessive levels.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the connecting element has a second multiplexer and the second bus subscriber is connected via the second multiplexer to the first state machine or the second state machine.

A further advantage of the invention is that the second bus subscriber can be connected to another state machine by a new circuit of the second multiplexer. A rewiring is not necessary.

By extending the connecting element with other state machines and / or multiplexers, the flexibility can be further increased.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a CAN bus protocol is used on the bus.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the connecting element has a configuration logic and the configuration of the multiplexer is controlled by the configuration logic.

Another advantage of the invention is that only the information about the circuit of the multiplexer is supplied to the connecting element and no switching signals for the multiplexer. This information may, for example, originate from a higher-level control unit, for example a PC or a bus subscriber, and be communicated to the connection element by means of the bus or a standard interface such as the Serial Peripheral Interface or the Universal Serial Bus.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a bus is connected to at least two bus users via a common bus line with a connecting element.

A further advantage of the invention is that not every bus user requires a separate bus line for connection to the connecting element.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the signals transmitted by means of the connecting element are monitored by a monitoring unit.

A further advantage of the invention is that the monitoring unit controls the transmitted signals. The monitoring unit can be both a bus subscriber, as well as integrated as functionality in the connecting element.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, bus lines on which signals which are outside the specification of the bus protocol are detected by the monitoring unit and disconnected from the bus.

A further advantage of the invention is that a further disturbance is prevented by incorrectly transmitting bus subscribers.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the monitoring unit changes levels on the connected bus lines in order to generate messages or to simulate errors.

A further advantage of the invention is that messages can be generated in a simple way and errors can be simulated.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a first message transmitted by the connecting element and transmitted by the first bus subscriber on the first bus line and corresponding to at least one predetermined criterion is recognized by the monitoring unit and reproduced on the at least one further bus line reproduced.

A further advantage of the invention is that messages transmitted by the first bus subscriber can be detected and changed and the first bus subscriber is not aware of this change.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first message is detected by the monitoring unit by means of a message identification code.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first message is recognized by the monitoring unit by means of evaluation of the transmission time.

In an advantageous embodiment, the multiplexers are implemented on one or more programmable hardware elements, such as an FPGA or ASIC.

Another advantage of the invention is that components can be saved, which saves money and resources.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the multiplexers are implemented together with the state machine on an FPGA or ASIC.

A further advantage of the invention is that the combination of state machine and multiplexer can save hardware and reduce the size of the structure.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a configuration logic for the multiplexer is implemented with on the FPGAs or ASICs.

A further advantage of the invention is that only the information for the logic circuit of the multiplexers is to be transmitted.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device has a galvanic isolation in the connection to the first bus subscriber.

A further advantage of the invention is that the other bus connections are protected in particular against voltage peaks.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the change of the level changes on the bus lines is delayed and thereby a longer bus line is simulated.

Another advantage of the invention is that the correct operation of the bus is tested for long line lengths and no long lines are needed.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to several advantageous embodiments. The embodiments are shown schematically in the drawings. It shows, the

1 , a device according to the invention in a schematic representation,

2 , a preferred configuration of an exemplary network with an embodiment of the device according to the invention,

3 , a further preferred configuration of an exemplary network with an embodiment of the device according to the invention,

4 , a state diagram of a state machine as used both in known CAN repeaters and as one of the components of the method according to the invention,

5 , a flowchart of a state machine, as in 4 is shown

6 , a configuration according to the prior art.

1 shows a device according to the invention in a schematic form. Shown are eight output ports TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8, eight input ports RxD 1, RxD 2, RxD 8, eight output multiplexers Mux 1, Mux 2, Mux 8, eight input multiplexers Demux 1, Demux 2, Demux 8, four state machines ZA1, ZA2, ZA4 and a configuration logic Conf. Each input terminal RxD 1, RxD 2, RxD 8 is fixedly connected to an input multiplexer Demux 1, Demux 2, Demux 8. Each output terminal TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8 is permanently connected to an output multiplexer Mux 1, Mux 2, Mux 8.

Each input multiplexer and each output multiplexer connects to a maximum of one state machine, with the possibility of changing the connection at any given time. The configuration logic Konf has an external port and eight configuration ports Cfg 1, Cfg 2, Cfg 8 for the eight output multiplexers Mux 1, Mux 2, Mux 8 and the eight input multiplexers Demux 1, Demux 2, Demux 8. In the illustrated variant, an input multiplexer and an output multiplexer are each connected to a common configuration connection of the configuration logic.

The number of terminals varies in different embodiments of the device according to the invention. Transceivers convert the voltages of the bus line into signals for the RxD 1, RxD 2, RxD 8 input terminals and the TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8 output terminals into voltages on the bus line and ensure that dominant levels are on the bus line overwrite. The device sends levels via the eight output terminals TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8, and the device receives levels via the eight input terminals TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8. One output port and one input port each TxD 1 / RxD 1, TxD 2 / RxD 2, TxD 8 / RxD 8 lead to the same bus line. Each bus leads to a bus subscriber or several bus subscribers connected via the bus line. Each of the eight output terminals TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8 is connected by means of one of the eight output multiplexers Mux 1, Mux 2, Mux 8 with a maximum of one of the four state machines ZA1, ZA2, ZA4. Each of the eight input terminals RxD 1, RxD 2, RxD 8 is connected to one of the eight input multiplexers Demux 1, Demux 2, Demux 8 with at most one of the four state machines ZA1, ZA2, ZA4. The ratio of the number of state machines to terminals is not relevant and varies in different embodiments of the device according to the invention. One of the eight input terminals RxD 1, RxD 2, RxD 8 and one of the eight output terminals TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8 lead to the same bus line and are connected to the same state machine by means of the input multiplexers and output multiplexers. All bus lines connected to the same state machine, together with the bus users connected to them and the state machine, form a bus. Inputs of the state machines, which are not connected to any bus line, are preferably supplied with a permanent recessive level. This prevents malfunctioning of state machines ZA1, ZA2, ZA4 due to undefined levels on open ports. Output terminals of the device TxD 1, TxD 2, TxD 8 are preferably subjected to a permanent recessive level.

The mode of operation of the state machines ZA1, ZA2, ZA4 is identical and will be explained later.

According to the invention, the configuration of the input multiplexer and the output multiplexer can be changed at any time. In a preferred variant, the configuration of the input multiplexer and the output multiplexer is controlled by a configuration logic Konf. The configuration logic controls the configuration of the input multiplexers and the output multiplexers via the terminals Cfg 1, Cfg 2 to Cfg 8. In each case an input multiplexer and an output multiplexer establish the connection between a bus line and a state machine and are connected to the configuration logic via the same configuration connection Cfg 1, Cfg 2 to Cfg 8. The criteria according to which the configuration logic controls the configuration is obtained, for example, via an external connection HxD from a higher-level control unit, for example a PC or a bus subscriber. For example, a standard interface such as the Serial Peripheral Interface or the Universal Serial Bus can be used as an interface between the PC or the bus subscriber and the configuration logic.

2 shows a preferred configuration with a device according to the invention. The device consists of a first state machine ZA1, a second state machine ZA2 and a first multiplexer Multi. A first bus subscriber TN1 is connected via the first multiplexer Mult1 to the first state machine ZA1 or the second state machine ZA2. The first multiplexer Mult1 consists, as in 1 from an output multiplexer for the output port and an input multiplexer for the input port. The configuration logic for the multiplexer has been omitted for clarity. The second bus subscriber TN2 is connected to the first state machine and the third bus subscriber TN3 is connected to the second state machine. On the bus lines to the bus participants are transceivers, which are not shown.

The first bus subscriber TN1 can be connected to the second bus subscriber TN2 or the third bus subscriber TN3.

In the 2 The configuration shown can be expanded to include additional bus users, multiplexers and state machines.

3 shows an expanded configuration with a device according to the invention. A first bus subscriber TN1, a second bus subscriber TN2, a third bus subscriber TN3, a fourth bus subscriber TN4 and a fifth bus subscriber TN5 are connected to the device VE. The device consists of a first multiplexer Multi, a second multiplexer Mult2, a third multiplexer Mult3 a first state machine ZA1 and a second state machine ZA2. The first bus subscriber TN1 is connected to the first multiplexer Mult1. The second bus subscriber TN2 is connected to the second multiplexer Mult2. The third bus subscriber TN3, the fourth bus subscriber TN4 and the fifth bus subscriber TN5 are connected via a common bus line to the device VE and in this connection to the third multiplexer Mult3. The first multiplexer Multi, the second multiplexer Mult2 and the third multiplexer Mult3 each establish a connection to the first state machine ZA1 or the second state machine ZA2. It is not necessary for each bus user to provide their own multiplexer for connection to the state machines. However, this limits the flexibility since the third bus subscriber TN3, the fourth bus subscriber TN4 and the fifth bus subscriber TN5 are only connected together with the first state machine or the second state machine.

In 4 is a state diagram of a state machine as used both in the above-described CAN repeater and as one of the components of the method of the invention. In the following, a state machine is always understood as a real implementation. It is known to the person skilled in the art by means of which hardware and optionally software components a state machine implementation can be provided. The following explains the individual states of the state machine.

The possible states of the automaton are a first state R, a second state T and a state group DX, consisting of eight states D1, D2, D3, D8. The number of states in the state group DX varies in different embodiments of the device according to the invention.

After initialization, the state machine is in the first state R. In the first state R, the state machine sends a recessive level to all bus lines. As soon as a bus subscriber on one of the bus lines connected to the state machine generates a dominant level and the dominant level is registered by the state machine, the state machine changes state.

The eight states of the state group DX are referred to below as 1-state D1, 2-state D2, 3-state D3 to 8-state D8. In the 1 state D1, the state machine on the first line listens for level changes and transmits a dominant level on all other connected lines. In the 2-state D2, the state machine on the second line listens for level changes and transmits a dominant level on all other connected lines. In general, when in the n state, the state machine on the nth line listens for level changes and transmits a dominant level on all other connected lines.

In the second state T, the state machine sends recessive levels to all bus lines connected to it. The second state T serves to give time to decay previously transmitted dominant levels. The time span for which the state machine remains in the second state T varies in different embodiments of the device according to the invention, but is to be dimensioned such that previously transmitted dominant levels decay sufficiently strongly in the concrete application case before the state machine changes to the first state R.

5 shows a flowchart of the states of the state machine, which in 4 , is shown. In a first step 302 the state machine is in the first state R. The state machine remains in the first state R until a dominant level is registered by the state machine on a bus line. If a dominant level is transmitted on several lines connected to the state machine, the level which is the first to be registered by the state machine as the dominant level is decisive.

Registers the state machine in a second step 304 a dominant level on the nth line, the state of the state machine changes from the first state R in a third step 306 in the n state from the state group DX. In the n state, the state machine remains until a recessive level is registered by the state machine on the nth line.

If the state machine is in the n state, it registers on the nth line in a fourth step 308 a recessive level, the state of the state machine changes in a fifth step 310 in the second state T. In the second state T, the state machine remains in a sixth step 312 for a fixed period of time. The exact length of the time varies in different embodiments of the device according to the invention as a function of the lines used, the number of connected bus subscribers and other parameters, in particular of the electrical properties of the interfaces of the bus subscribers. After the expiration of the time period, the state of the state machine changes to the first state R and the flowchart starts again with the first step 302 ,

If the state machine is in the first state R, then it registers a recessive level on all connected bus lines. If the state machine is in one of the states from the state group DX, then the state machine registers a dominant level on one line, which has been generated by another bus user, and a dominant level on all other connected bus lines, which the state machine itself generates, and thus altogether connected lines a dominant level. If the state machine is in the second state T, it sends a recessive level on all connected lines, which however can be disturbed by possible reflections of the previously transmitted dominant level.

Claims (15)

Method for connecting at least three bus users (TN1, TN2, TN3) to a connecting element (VE) which has a first state machine (ZA1) and a second state machine (ZA2), and a bus which is designed with dominant and recessive levels, the first bus subscriber (TN1) being connected to the connecting element (VE) by means of a first bus line and the second bus subscriber (TN2) being connected to the connecting element (VE) by means of a second bus line , wherein the second bus subscriber (TN2) is connected to the first state machine (ZA1) and the third bus user (TN3) is connected to the connecting element (VE) by means of a third bus line, wherein the third bus user (TN3) is connected to the second state machine (ZA2 ), wherein from the first state machine (ZA1) a first dominant level transmitted from the first bus subscriber (TN1) on the first bus line is reproduced on at least one further bus line and from dominant to recessive after a change of the first level for a predetermined period of time from the first state machine (ZA1) on the first and the at least one we Only the second level (which is sent by the first bus subscriber (TN1) on the first bus line is reproduced on at least one further bus line and after a change of the second level from recessively recessive for a predetermined period of time from the second state machine (ZA2) on the first and the at least one further bus line only recessive levels are sent, characterized in that the connecting element (VE) a first multiplexer (Multi), which with the first State machine (ZA1), the second state machine (ZA2) and the first bus subscriber (TN1) is connected, and the first bus subscriber (TN1) by means of the first multiplexer (Multi) with the first state machine (ZA1) or the second state machine (ZA2 ) is connected to the connection of the first bus subscriber (TN1) to the second bus subscriber (TN2) or to the third bus participant (TN3). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element has a second multiplexer (Mult2) and the second bus subscriber (TN2) via the second multiplexer (Mult2) to the first state machine (ZA1) or the second state machine (ZA2) is connected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a CAN bus protocol is used on the bus. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (VE) has a configuration logic (Konf) and the configuration of the first multiplexer (Multi) by the configuration logic (Konf) is controlled. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bus with at least two bus subscribers (TN3, TN4, TN5) via a common bus line to the connecting element (VE) is connected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signals transmitted by means of the connecting element (VE) are monitored by a monitoring unit. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that bus lines on which signals are sent which are outside the specification of the bus protocol are detected by the monitoring unit and disconnected from the bus. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that are changed by the monitoring unit levels on the connected bus lines to generate messages or simulate errors. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that a means of the connecting element (VE) transmitted first message that is sent from the first bus on the first bus and corresponds to at least one predetermined criterion, recognized by the monitoring unit and changed on the other bus lines reproduced. Device (VE) having a first state machine (ZA1) and a second state machine (ZA2) for connecting at least three bus users (TN1, TN2, TN3) to a bus having dominant and recessive levels, the first bus user (TN1 ) is connected by means of a first bus line to the device (VE) and the second bus subscriber (TN2) is connected by means of a second bus line to the device (VE), wherein the second bus subscriber (TN2) is connected to the first state machine (ZA1) and the third bus subscriber (TN3) is connected to the device (VE) by means of a third bus line, the third bus subscriber (TN3) being connected to the second state machine (ZA2), of the first state machine (ZA1) a first dominant level from the first one Bus subscriber (TN1) is transmitted on the first bus line is reproduced on at least one further bus line and after a change of the first level from dominant to recessive for a predetermined period of time from the first state machine (ZA1) on the first and the at least one further bus line only recessive levels, and from the second state machine (ZA2) a second dominant level transmitted by the first bus subscriber (TN1) on the first bus line is reproduced on at least one further bus line and dominant after a change of the second level recessive for a predetermined period of time by the second state machine (ZA2) on the first and the at least one further bus line only recessive levels are sent, characterized in that a first multiplexer (Multi), which with the first state machine (ZA1), the second state machine (ZA2) and the first bus user (TN1) verbu nden, are provided, and the first bus subscriber (TN1) is connected by means of the first multiplexer (Multi) to the first state machine (ZA1) or the second state machine (ZA2) to connect the first bus user (TN1) to the second bus user ( TN2) or to the third bus participant (TN3). Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the device is provided for implementing one of the methods according to claims 2 to 9 and arranged. Device according to one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the two state machines (ZA1, ZA2) are implemented in one or more FPGAs and / or one or more ASICs. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the first multiplexer (Mult1) is implemented in one or more FPGAs and / or one or more ASICs. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the two state machines (ZA1, ZA2) and the first multiplexer (Mult1) are implemented on the same FPGA or ASIC. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the device has a galvanic isolation in the connection to the first bus subscriber (TN1).

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