DE102010035518A1 - Apparatus and method for the production of energy carriers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) and a method for producing energy carriers from biological material with at least one heating module (2) for heating the biological material and at least one degassing module (4) following the heating module in a transport direction of the biological material for removal of resulting gases, the degassing module (4) having at least one, preferably a plurality of pipes (22) for transporting the biological material, the biological material being conveyable within the pipes (22) and walls (26) of the pipes (22) have a plurality of openings (24) for discharging the gas that is produced.

Description

The present invention relates to a device and a method for producing energy sources of biological material with at least one heating module for heating the biological material and at least one subsequent to the heating module in a direction of transport of the biological material and / or preceding degassing module for the removal of resulting Gases and / or condensate and on a system in which the device is arranged.

For the production of energy sources, especially secondary energy carriers, from biological material, this is converted, for example biochemically in the process of alcoholic fermentation, physico-chemical in the pressing process or thermo-chemically by pyrolysis, gasification or charring. In addition, there are variations in the thermo-chemical material conversion processes in which, for example, only a slow, partial pyrolysis takes place at low temperatures. This process is used to increase the energy density of the biological material and thus its calorific value. However, only studies of possible reaction processes and reactors are known from the prior art.

The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for large-scale industrial use, which increases the calorific value of the supplied biological material, energy savings in the processing of the treated biological material conditionally, low logistics costs, a biological degradation of biological material, such as fungi, prevents and simplifies further processing of the supplied biological material and a procedure for this purpose. The processes can also kill germs, bacteria, etc. In addition, another object of the present invention is to prevent oxygen from returning to the degassing module.

This is inventively achieved by a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 11. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The inventive device comprises for the production of energy sources of biological material to a degassing module, which has a plurality of tubes for transporting the biological material, wherein the biological material is conveyed within the tubes and walls of the tubes a plurality of openings for discharging gas produced and or have condensate.

For the production of energy sources of biological material in the device according to the invention any biological material is suitable, in particular biological mixed material. For example, organic chaff and / or fiber base material such as hay, straw, wood, miscanthus, switch grass, reeds, sorghum, fermentation residues from dry and wet fermentation, wood chips, paper or cotton can be used. Furthermore, mixed biological material can also be used with additives such as vitamins, binders or granules. It is conceivable that the biological material is introduced as bulk material into the device according to the invention or, for example, already compressed as a pressed body, the device according to the invention is supplied. The energy sources produced are preferably used in lighting systems for heat generation and / or energy (in particular electricity) generation. In addition, the material thus produced can also be used as a biological substitute for charcoal.

The biological material is preferably first supplied to the heating module of the device in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere. During transport of the biological material through the heating module, the biological material is heated. This is followed by a transfer of the biological material in the transport direction in a subsequent to the heating module degassing. Preferably, the degassing module on a plurality of tubes through which the biological material is conveyed in the transport direction.

The pyrolytic partial decomposition of the biological material beginning during the heating in the heating module requires not only a mass loss of the biological material but also gas formation, since in an endothermic reaction, ie when energy is supplied, chemical bonds in the biological material are broken and the decomposition process begins, in which case, for example wood whose constituents hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are split and thus decomposed. This requires, for example, the release of water vapor, gaseous carbon monoxide and gaseous carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it would also be conceivable to carry out a corresponding heating of the biological material, for example during the production.

Advantageously, the heating of the biological material in the heating module in oxygen-poor or oxygen-free environment, as is favored by additional oxygen-containing ambient air, the formation of gaseous carbon monoxide and dioxide and thus the carbon content, which is essential for increasing the calorific value, irreversible from the biological material dissipated and no or only a slight increase in the energy density of the treated biological material can be achieved. Advantageously, the entire process according to the invention takes place under an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free environment.

In order to dissipate the gas and / or condensate formed during the heating of the biological material in the heating module, the tubes through which the biological material can be conveyed in the degassing module have a plurality of openings whose course is advantageously continuous perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tubes in their walls are arranged. These openings allow the removal of the resulting hot or hot gases, which can be used, for example, again for the heat in the heating module, and / or of condensate.

The openings are preferably arranged at repeating intervals in the walls in the longitudinal direction of the tubes, but preferably at least two, preferably four to six, openings lie in a plane which is formed perpendicular to the transport direction of the biological material. In the simplest case, along the transport direction of the biological material, a plurality of such parallel spaced planes are arranged.

It is also conceivable that the openings are formed differently in their cross-section. Thus, for example, the course of the opening from the inside of the wall, which is arranged directly adjacent to the conveyed biological material adjacent to the outside of the wall, conically expand. Preferably, however, the openings are in the form of a circular cylinder and thus form a round cross-section on the inside of the pipe walls and also a round cross-section with the same dimensions on the outside of the tubes.

Advantageously, the edges of the openings on the inside of the walls are flattened or rounded, so that the transported past the openings biological material, does not get caught / tilted in the openings and these clogged. Moreover, it is advantageous if the openings in the walls of the tubes are smaller in cross-section than the smallest, individual components of the biological material, such as fibers or fine material, so that these components do not clog the openings and cause a delay of the gas flow. and / or drain condensate. The inner cross sections of the openings preferably have sizes in the range from 6 to 50 mm, particularly preferably a range from 10 to 25 mm.

The biological material treated / heated in the device preferably has a volumetrically higher energy density and a lower oxygen content or a reduced ratio of oxygen / carbon when discharged from the device than untreated biological material. In addition, the heated biological material shows hydrophobic, so water-repellent properties, whereby storage and transport of the biological material can be simplified. In the device treated biological material absorbs almost no water from the environment, such as air or condensation during transport, and therefore does not need to be pre-dried before the end use, so for example, the supply to a lighting system.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating module has a multiplicity of tubes, which in the simplest case are preferably designed as bores, for heating the biological material, wherein the biological material can be transported within the bores. By transporting the biological material through the holes of the heating module, which are formed in their walls advantageously continuous closed, there is a heating of the biological material, wherein heating rates, residence time and thus the transport speed of the biological material in the heating module and the maximum temperature of the heating module in dependence of the biological material. For example, wet, grassy biological material is heated differently than wood chippings with a residual moisture content of 20% by weight.

By the heat supply of the heating module transported through the holes arranged in the heating module biological material is heated so that a partial pyrolysis of the biological material begins, and thus the biological material is deliberately deprived of oxygen and carbon-rich residue of the biological material remain. These carbon-rich residues have a reduced mass compared to natural biological material and are characterized by a higher calorific value. This means that the heating power of corresponding high-carbon residues is higher than with untreated, biological material.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the tubes are arranged continuously by means of carriers for holding the tubes in the heating and degassing module, wherein the degassing module has at least one carrier. Advantageously, the pipes through which the biological material is transported, designed to be continuous, so that no transport delays in the transition of heating module and degassing or vice versa become. The carriers, which advantageously serve to stabilize the tubes, are connected to the degassing module on the input and output side in the transport direction of the biological material in a detachable manner. The carriers are preferably designed such that the tubes are feasible through predetermined openings in the carriers in the transport direction. For example, it is conceivable that the number of tubes (bores) in the heating and degassing module can be changed depending on the transported biological material. The support for holding the tubes are arranged correspondingly interchangeable and are preferably screwed to the modules.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that in the case of heating and degassing modules which are long in the transport direction of the biological material, such carriers for guiding and holding the tubes are also arranged within the heating and degassing module.

In the simplest embodiment, the heating module of a block of material, for example of thermally conductive metal, integrally formed, wherein the block of material instead of the above-mentioned tubes, holes, which are arranged in the transport direction of the biological material and through which the biological material is conveyed. Such bores advantageously have the same cross section as the tubes running in the degassing module. Tubes and bores are preferably arranged fixedly to one another, for example by means of welding, so that a transport of the biological material through the heating module as well as through the degassing module takes place without delays, for example due to material jams. Such holes are advantageous because the heat is released through the metal surface of the channels to the biological material.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that pipes and holes are releasably connected to each other and, for example by means of a coupling element, for. B. a carrier, communicate with each other.

The tubes and bores preferably have a round cross-section, which is slightly larger than the volume of the biological material transported through the cross-section, so that material jams and blockages are avoided. If, for example, already compressed biological material is transported through the pipes or bores, it is advantageous if the cross section of the compacts is slightly smaller than the cross section of the pipes or bores, so that transport takes place without blockages. If the cross-section of the tubes or holes is too large in relation to the cross-section of the compacts, they can tilt during transport and cause material jams. In addition, the shape of the cross section of the tubes or the bores is adapted to the shape of the cross section of the compacts, wherein preferably both cross sections are round or circular.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the tubes are arranged parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction. The tubes advantageously have mutually parallel sides over the entire length, which leads to a uniform cross section. This allows a constant transport of biological material under constant pressure conditions of the promotion and consistent product quality. Advantageously, the tubes are mutually identical, at least two pipes each being arranged in the heating and degassing module. At the same time, the highest possible number of tubes is used, the number of tubes preferably being in a range of 1-250, more preferably in a range of 10-200 and especially, particularly preferably in a range of 50-1500, especially 60-120 , The same applies to the holes of the heating module in the simplest embodiment.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the tubes have an internal cross section through which the biological material can be carried out. Preferably, the inner cross section of the tubes, through which the biological material is transported in the transport direction, slightly larger than the volume of the transported material through. This is advantageous because thus material jams are avoided and a constant transport process is made possible. The same applies to the holes of the heating module in the simplest embodiment.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the tubes are at least partially and / or arranged in sections in the circumferential direction spaced from each other. This is particularly advantageous in the degassing module, since thus the gas and / or condensate exiting through the openings of the tube walls expands within the degassing module and can be easily removed. If the tubes are arranged closely adjacent to one another or have a common contact surface, the removal of the gases produced during the heating is made more difficult, which reduces the product quality of the biological material. The arrangement of the tubes is preferably cubic or hexagonal.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the tubes are arranged in a housing. This is advantageous because the heat generated in the heating module is held by a housing surrounding the heating module in this. The housing acts as a heat insulator and prevents the heat transfer to the environment of the device. moreover Preferably, the degassing module also has a housing which surrounds the tubes provided with openings. This is advantageous since the gases and / or condensates produced by the heating of the biological material, which may also be harmful or toxic in some cases, are arranged in the degassing module and are removed from the degassing module only by targeted removal, thereby reducing the risk of Employees is reduced. Both the housing of the heating and the degassing separate the environment of the arranged inside the device reaction spaces, so that no gas exchange is conditional. This is advantageous because it results in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free environment within the device, which favors the thermo-chemical conversion process of the biological material. The same applies to the holes of the heating module in the simplest embodiment.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating element has a detachable heating jacket for heating the biological material. Preferably, the biological material is indirectly heated during transport by the heating module. The heating module has a releasable heating sleeve, which is designed to be removable, for example, by means of tension locks and folding hinges. The heating jacket can be formed both single-layer, as well as multi-layer, preferably the inwardly directed position, which is thus arranged directly adjacent to the tubes or channels, consists of a material with high thermal conductivity and the outer surface of the heating jacket forming outer layer preferably having heat-insulating material, so that as little heat energy is released to the environment and as much heat energy is fed indirectly to the transported biological material. This heat sleeve is preferably operated by electric current.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that at least one temperature sensor is arranged within the heating module in order to determine the temperature in the interior of the heating module and to regulate it preferably automatically via a control device connected to the temperature sensor.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the degassing module has at least one outlet connection, through which the gas and / or condensate discharged through the openings arranged in the walls of the tubes can be removed from the degassing module. Preferably, the outlet connection is formed as an opening of the degassing module. This is advantageous since the warm or hot gases are thus removed from the biological material and their waste heat can be utilized, for example, for further heating processes of the biological material by introducing the discharged gases into the heating module via a heat-insulated line system, preferably via a feed line be there to heat the biological material transporting tubes or holes. The heating module also advantageously has a discharge line to remove the gases and / or condensates. Advantageously, a valve element is arranged at the opening of the degassing module, for example a check valve, by means of which the flow direction of the gas and / or condensate is determined so that only from the degassing module can be discharged, but can not come back into this.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a suction device is arranged on the degassing module, which discharges gas and / or condensate formed therefrom through the outlet connection in the degassing module and / or is in flow communication therewith. This is advantageous because the resulting gas and / or condensate is selectively removed by the suction device, which is designed for example as a fan or vacuum pump, thereby preventing oxygen-rich ambient air or already discharged reaction gas and / or condensate from entering the degassing module again ,

Furthermore, it is conceivable that heating modules and degassing modules can be arranged as desired.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing energy sources of biological material with at least one heating module for heating the biological material and at least one subsequent in a transport direction of the biological material to the heating module degassing module for the removal of gases produced under Oxygen exclusion supplied biological material is transported in at least one and preferably a plurality of tubes through the heating module, wherein the biological material undergoes heating and the resulting gas in a subsequent arranged on the heating element degassing module exits through openings in the tube walls and during transport of the biological material is removed.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a plant for the production of fuels from biological material of a device according to the invention and a device for producing pressed bodies of biological material and a feeding device for feeding the compressed biological material to the device. The feeder serves to transport the biological material through the device according to the invention.

Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the accompanying drawings. Show:

1 a spatial representation of a device according to the invention;

2 a Teilxplosionszeichnung a device according to the invention;

3 a part of a device according to the invention;

4 an exploded view of a device according to the invention;

5 a further illustration of a device according to the invention;

6 a further illustration of a device according to the invention;

1 shows a schematic, spatial representation of a device according to the invention 1 consisting of a heating module 2 and in the transport direction T connect the degassing module 4 , The heating module 2 has on the input side an enlarged first cross-section 6a and on the output side in the transport direction T a second enlarged cross-section 6b on, which for fixing the heating module 2 , In addition, on the outer surface of the preferably integrally formed heating module 2 , which for example by a detachable heating jacket 16 is formed, at least one power supply element 18 arranged over which, for example, with electric current, the heating jacket 16 and thus also the housing (not shown) of the heating module 2 is heated.

The heating sleeve 16 is advantageously arranged detachably, for example by at least one closure element 20 , which is designed in the simplest case as a metal clamp lock, clamp closure or magnetic closure. The connection between heating module 2 and degassing module 4 in the transport direction T of the biological material is carried by the second enlarged cross-section 6b and the carrier 7a , which are preferably arranged on screw connections (not shown) in the transport direction T to each other detachably.

In the transport direction T is followed by the heating module 2 the degassing module 4 to whose housing 12 a through the housing wall continuously arranged outlet connection 14 which is preferably formed as an opening and through which in the heating of the biological material in the heating module 2 resulting gas and / or condensate from the degassing module 4 is dissipated. In addition, the degassing module on the output side in the transport direction T another carrier 7b on, which at the degassing module 4 detachably, for example by means of screwing, is arranged. It is advantageous between the housing 12 the degassing module 4 and the input and output carriers 7a and 7b arranged a sealing element, which the interior of the degassing module 4 liquid and gas tight separated from the environment. Such sealing elements are formed for example as elastic flat or ring seals, which are changeable by pressurization in their shape and thereby seal.

The carrier 7b is an example of all other carriers used 7 the device 1 which all have a variety of passes 10 which, in the transport direction T in the carriers 7 are arranged and through which in the degassing 4 arranged tubes (not shown) are feasible. The arrangement of the passages corresponds to the arrangement of the inner tubes. About fixation openings 8th , which preferably have an internal thread, become the carrier 7a and 7b the degassing module 4 with its housing 12 releasably connected. The tubes can be inserted into the passages and, for example, by gluing, welding or screwing on the carrier 7 be releasably and / or firmly fixed. For this purpose, the passages may have extended receiving areas for the tubes, whose inner cross sections are preferably adapted to the outer cross sections of the tubes

2 shows an exploded view of a device according to the invention 1 , which is a heating module 2 and a degassing module connected thereto in the transport direction T of the biological material 4 having. Inside the case 32 of the heating module 2 is a variety of pipes or holes 30 arranged (not shown), through which the biological material is transported in the transport direction T.

In addition, the housing 32 of the heating module 2 advantageous from a heating jacket 16 detachably enclosed. The heating sleeve 16 is used for temperature control and heating of the heating module 2 subsidized biological material. The heating sleeve is preferred 16 arranged such that they in the closed, ie in the fixed state, the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical heating module housing 32 encloses and by means of closure elements 20 is releasably fixed. In addition, the heating jacket has 16 an upper section 17a and a lower section 17b on. By operation of the closure elements 20 For example, when opening the buckles, there is a pivoting movement of the upper portion 17a and the lower section 17b along the Swivel axis A, for example, by guide elements 34 , Which are preferably designed as pivot hinges, whereby a one-sided opening of the heating sleeve 16 is conditional and this of the housing 32 is removable.

Furthermore, it would also be conceivable that the upper section 17a and the lower section 17b only over a number of closure elements 20 are arranged releasably to each other, in this example, then both the upper portion 17a as well as the lower section 17b Have at least one energy supply element, which are preferably simultaneously controlled via a control device.

Advantageously, the inside of the heating sleeve 16 , which in the closed state directly to the housing 32 is disposed adjacent, a flexible material, which also has high thermal conductivity properties and the free space between the outer housing surface 32 and the inner surface of the heating sleeve 16 so seals, so that no heat-insulating air cushion arise in this space, which is a local disturbance of the heating effect of the heating jacket 16 require.

Preferably, the heating jacket tempered 16 that through the heating module 2 in the transport direction T transported biological material to a temperature in the range of 200 to 450 ° C.

The degassing module 4 has eingangsseifig in the transport direction T of the biological material a carrier 7a on, which on the degassing module housing 12 For example, by means of screwing is arranged detachably. The housing 12 therefore advantageously has corresponding fixation openings 9 on, which on both top surfaces of the tubular degassing module housing 12 are arranged radially and Favor have an internal thread.

Inside the tubular housing 12 the degassing module 4 runs a variety of pipes 22 , which are preferably aligned parallel to each other. The pipes 22 have an inner cross section 28 on, through which the heated biological material is transported in the transport direction T. The inner cross section 28 is preferably formed slightly larger than, for example, by him transported in the transport direction T through compacts of biological material. Preferably, the inner cross section 28 Dimensions in the range of 6 to 50 mm, more preferably a range of 10 to 25 mm.

The walls 26 the pipes 22 have a variety of continuous through the wall openings 24 on, by which an exit of the resulting by the heating of the biological material gas and / or condensate from the inner volume of the tubes 22 he follows. To allow removal of these gases and / or condensates, the pipes are 22 at least partially spaced apart from each other. In the best case, none of the tubes 22 a common contact surface with a tube adjacent to it 22 on. This is advantageous since the gas and / or condensate thus emerges radially and is removed. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the tubes 22 either horizontally or vertically over their walls 26 are interconnected, between the thus forming, mutually parallel horizontal planes or the forming, mutually parallel vertical planes, free spaces are due, and the wall openings 24 the pipes 22 are arranged to these open spaces, so that the resulting gas continues from the degassing module 4 can be dissipated and not in the pipes 22 concentrated.

The pipes 22 , which are preferably rectilinear, are through the passages 10 the carrier 7 guided or plugged into these passages, which are provided for their spacing from each other and their fixation. The carrier 7b is preferred by screwing the output side of the degassing module housing 12 detachably arranged.

The passages 10 can be designed such that they have sections of the same cross-section as the tubes 22 Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the carrier 7a and 7b which the pipes 22 the degassing module 4 Stabilize and fix firmly with the degassing module housing 12 are connected.

3 shows a part of an exploded view of a device according to the invention 1 with a heating module 2 and a subsequent degassing in the transport direction T degassing 4 , The heating module 2 is here in the closed state, so even with a closed heating sleeve 16 represented. The heating sleeve 16 is preferably formed multi-layered, so that the outer surface 19 preferably consists of a heat-insulating material. The heating module housing 32 , which is formed in a circular cylindrical configuration, is completely from the heating jacket 16 enclosed. Only the two enlarged on the input and output cross sections 6a and 6b be from the heating cuff 16 not covered. In the heating module housing 32 is a variety of pipes 30 (Holes) arranged, which are formed for the simplest example case as holes and through which the biological material is conveyed in the transport direction. Advantageously, a detachable Fixation of the heating module 2 with the degassing module 4 by screwing the cross section 6b with the directly adjacent thereto arranged carrier 7a ,

In contrast to the pipes already described 22 which within the degassing module 4 are arranged, have the preferred holes 30 of the heating module 2 no openings in the walls. The walls are thus closed in their course continuously against liquid or gas outlet. Advantageously, the holes 30 of the heating module 2 and the pipes 22 the degassing module 3 a same inner cross section 28 on, allowing the transport of biological material, which is inside the tubes 22 or drilling 30 done without material jams. Preference is given to the tubes (bores) 30 and pipes 22 via releasably connected by pressure or temperature self-sealing connectors or coupling elements together. This is advantageous if the device according to the invention, for example, to further heating modules 2 or further degassing modules 4 is designed expandable.

Furthermore, it would also be conceivable that a connection of the tubes (holes) 30 of the heating module 2 with the pipes 22 the degassing module 4 in the execution of the pipes 22 in the passages 10 the carrier 7 he follows. For example, it is conceivable that in the passages 10 the carrier 7 elastic sealing elements are arranged, in which the free pipe ends 31 the pipes 22 can be inserted and thus sealed for example by means of temperature or pressure. However, it should be noted that when using such sealing elements preferably the inner cross section of the tubes 22 the internal cross-section of the tubes (bores) 30 corresponds, otherwise material jams or leaks are caused.

For static devices according to the invention 1 it is conceivable that the pipes 22 and drilling 30 , For example, by means of welding, are fixed together.

The in the transport direction T to the heating module 2 arranged degassing module 4 , shown here as a partial exploded view, shows in the degassing module housing 12 arranged pipes 22 with the corresponding wall openings 24 , In addition, shows the longitudinal section of a tube 22 in the transport direction T the interior 25 of the pipe 22 through which the biological material is transported. The pipes 22 are spaced from each other, so that between the mutually parallel tubes 22 Free rooms 27 be conditioned, in which the gas and / or condensate formed during the heating of the biological material can escape and from which this gas or condensate through the outlet opening 14 is removed from the degassing module.

The enlarged cross sections 6 of the heating module 2 can recesses 35 having enlarged cross section, in which the ends of the tubes 22 can be inserted.

4 shows a section of a device according to the invention 1 , with a heating module 2 to its housing 32 a heating cuff 16 is detachably arranged. The same components as in the preceding figures have the same reference numerals and will not be explained again. At the enlarged cross section 6 which is fixed to the Heizmodulgehäuse 32 is arranged, closes in the transport direction T1, a matrizenartiges element 36 which allows the removal of the thermally treated biological material. Furthermore, it would also be possible to use the in 4 illustrated portion of the device 1 to be inserted such that through the female member 36 the biological material of, arranged in the transport direction T2, device 1 is supplied, preferably under oxygen-reduced or oxygen-free environment. The matrix-like element 36 is preferably made of corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant material, such as ceramic or metal, and is for example by means of screwing to the heating module 2 the device 1 attached. Advantageously, the matrix-like element on insertion bevels (not shown), which are formed, for example, a truncated cone, so that the introduction of the biological material is simplified.

5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the device 1 , which several heating modules ( 2a . 2 B . 2c . 2d ) as well as several degassing modules ( 4a . 4b ) having. The arrangement of the heating modules ( 2a . 2 B . 2c . 2d ) and the degassing modules ( 4a . 4b ) is variable and adaptable to the biological material transportable by the modules. An advantage of such a row-shaped arrangement is the preferably separate control of the heating modules ( 2a . 2 B . 2c . 2d ), which may each have different temperature ranges. For example, it is conceivable that the first heating module 2a is intended only for drying the biological material and has a temperature in the range of 100 to 160 ° C, first to remove the water contained in the biological material. In the transport direction T arranged subsequent degassing 4a First, the water vapor is removed via the outlet connection. The biological material is transported further into further heating modules 2 B and 2c which heat the biological material to a temperature range up to 450 ° C, the temperatures of the heating modules 2 B and 2c may be formed differently from each other. Im to the heating module 2c connected degassing module 4b Then, the resulting gases, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, and / or condensates are discharged via the outlet connection. The subsequent subsequent fourth heating module 2d heats the transported biological material again. Depending on the supplied biological material and the desired carbon content of the resulting solid, more or fewer modules 2 and 4 in the device 1 arranged, wherein an arrangement can take place alternately or a plurality of modules of one type can be arranged one behind the other in the transport direction T of the biological material.

6 shows a further exemplary arrangement of the heating modules ( 2a . 2 B . 2c . 2d ) and the degassing modules ( 4a . 4b ) of a device according to the invention 1 , The same components as in the preceding figures are provided with the same reference numerals and will not be explained again. The plate-like element 40 has a square opening 42 with preferably rounded corners, which is formed perpendicular to the transport direction T. In this opening 42 for example, a die can be used as described in the previous patent application no. 10 2010 012 838.4-14 for the production of compacts. The disclosure of this application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into the disclosure content of the present application. The biological material pressed by the die (not shown), due to a punch, gets into the device every time it is pressed 1 transported. The first heating module is preferred 2a over the carrier 6a with the plate-like element 42 connected, preferably by a detachable screw.

The heating modules 2 , whose housing and the tubes (holes) arranged therein 30 are preferably made of a thermally conductive material, such as metal, which allows a rapid heating of the biological material. Only the outer jacket of the heating jacket 16 has a heat-insulating material to reduce the energy output to the environment. The degassing modules 4 whose housing 12 as well as their pipes arranged therein 22 consist of an abrasion-resistant material, which may be formed of metal or ceramic composite materials.

Advantageously, the biological material, as already mentioned above, in an oxygen-poor atmosphere of the device 1 fed. This is achieved, for example, by the introduction area, in which the biological material in the device 1 is introduced, with a protective gas, such as nitrogen, is applied, so that no oxygen-rich ambient air into the device 1 is introduced.

The Applicant reserves the right to claim all features disclosed in the application documents as essential to the invention, provided they are novel individually or in combination with respect to the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

2

heating module

4

degassing

6

enlarged cross-section

6a

first enlarged cross-section

6b

second enlarged cross-section

7

carrier

7a

first carrier

7b

second carrier

8th

Carrier fixing holes

9

Housing fixation holes

10

passage

12

Entgasungsmodulgehäuse

13

fixing element

14

outlet connection

15

suction

16

Heating jacket

17a

upper section

17b

lower section

18

Energy supply element

19

Outer surface of the heating jacket 16

20

closure element

22

Entgasungsmodulrohr

24

wall opening

25

Tube interior

26

wall

27

free space

28

Internal cross-section

30

Heating module tube, bore

31

pipe end

32

Heizmodulgehäuse

34

guide element

35

recesses

36

die-like element

40

plate-like element

42

Opening of the plate-like element 40

A

swivel axis

Claims (12)

Contraption ( 1 ) for the production of energy sources from biological material with at least one heating module ( 2 ) for heating the biological material and at least one subsequent to the heating module in a transport direction of the biological material degassing module ( 4 ) for the removal of resulting gases, characterized in that the degassing module ( 4 ) at least one, preferably a plurality of tubes ( 22 ) to the Transport of biological material, wherein the biological material within the tubes ( 22 ) and walls ( 26 ) of the pipes ( 22 ) a plurality of openings ( 24 ) for discharging generated gas. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating module ( 2 ) at least one, preferably a plurality of tubes ( 30 ) for heating the biological material, wherein the biological material through the tubes ( 30 ) is transportable. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the tubes ( 22 . 30 ) by means of carriers ( 7 ) for mounting consistently in the heating ( 2 ) and degassing module ( 4 ), wherein the degassing module ( 4 ) at least one carrier ( 7 ) having. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes ( 22 . 30 ) are arranged parallel to each other in the transport direction. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes ( 22 . 30 ) have an internal cross section through which the biological material is feasible. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes ( 22 . 30 ) are spaced from each other. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes ( 22 . 30 ) are arranged in a housing. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element ( 2 ) a detachable heating sleeve ( 16 ) for heating the biological material. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the degassing module ( 4 ) at least one exit connection ( 14 ), through which the through the openings arranged in the walls ( 24 ) discharged gas from the degassing module ( 4 ) is removable. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the degassing module ( 4 ) a suction device ( 15 ), which through the exit connection ( 14 ) in the degassing module ( 4 ) discharged gas from this and / or is in flow communication with this. Plant for the production of energy carriers of biological material with a device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims and a device for producing pressed bodies from biological material and a feed device ( 50 ) for feeding the compressed biological material to the device ( 1 ). Process for the production of energy sources from biological material with at least one heating module ( 2 ) for heating the biological material and at least one in a transport direction of the biological material to the heating module ( 2 ) subsequent degassing module ( 4 ) characterized in that the supplied under exclusion of oxygen biological material in one, preferably in a plurality of tubes ( 30 ) is transported through the heating module, wherein the biological material undergoes heating and resulting gas in a subsequent to the heating module ( 2 ) arranged degassing module ( 4 ) through openings ( 24 ) in the walls of the pipes ( 22 ) and discharged during transport of the biological material.

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