DE102010031289B4 - Hybrid or electric vehicle with different operating programs - Google Patents

Hybrid or electric vehicle with different operating programs Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102010031289B4
DE102010031289B4 DE102010031289.4A DE102010031289A DE102010031289B4 DE 102010031289 B4 DE102010031289 B4 DE 102010031289B4 DE 102010031289 A DE102010031289 A DE 102010031289A DE 102010031289 B4 DE102010031289 B4 DE 102010031289B4
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battery
vehicle
operating
state
driver
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DE102010031289A1 (en
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Jakob Unterforsthuber
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/082—Selecting or switching between different modes of propelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/085—Changing the parameters of the control units, e.g. changing limit values, working points by control input
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/62—Vehicle position
    • B60L2240/622—Vehicle position by satellite navigation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/215—Selection or confirmation of options
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2710/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2710/244—Charge state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Fahrzeug, mit – einem Verbrennungsmotor, – einer elektrischen Maschine, – einer Batterie, die dazu vorgesehen ist, die elektrische Maschine mit Strom zu versorgen, wenn diese als Elektromotor betrieben wird, oder von der elektrischen Maschine gelieferte elektrische Energie zu speichern, wenn diese als Generator betrieben wird, – einer Elektronik, in der mehrere Betriebsprogramme zum Betreiben der elektrischen Maschine und zum Laden-/Entladen der Batterie gespeichert sind, – einer Anwahleinrichtung, über die der Fahrer eines der Betriebsprogramme als momentan aktives Betriebsprogramm auswählen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorgesehen ist, dass ein Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm vorgesehen ist, in dem, wenn es ausgewählt ist, das Fahrzeug so betrieben wird, dass der Ladezustand der Batterie mindestens oder exakt auf ein vorgegebenes oberes Ladezustandsniveau gebracht oder auf einem vorgegebenen oberen Ladezustandsniveau gehalten wird, wobei das vorgegebene obere Ladezustandsniveau vom Fahrer in vorgegebenen Stufen oder stufenlos anwählbar ist, und/oder ein Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm vorgesehen ist, in dem, wenn es ausgewählt ist, ein Entladen der Batterie bis auf ein vorgegebenes unteres Ladezustandsniveau zugelassen wird, wobei das vorgegebene untere Ladezustandsniveau vom Fahrer in vorgegebenen Stufen oder stufenlos anwählbar ist.A vehicle comprising - an internal combustion engine, - an electric machine, - a battery intended to supply power to the electric machine when operating as an electric motor, or to store electrical energy supplied by the electric machine, if such A generator, in which a plurality of operating programs for operating the electric machine and for charging / discharging the battery are stored, a selection device, via which the driver can select one of the operating programs as currently active operating program, characterized in that provided that a full battery operating program is provided in which, when selected, the vehicle is operated so that the state of charge of the battery is at least or exactly brought to a predetermined upper state of charge level or maintained at a predetermined upper state of charge level, wherein the predetermined upper Ladezus level is selected by the driver in predetermined levels or infinitely variable, and / or a battery-empty operating program is provided, in which, when selected, a discharge of the battery is allowed to a predetermined lower state of charge level, wherein the predetermined lower state of charge level Driver in predetermined levels or infinitely selectable.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiges Fahrzeug ist aus der US 2009/0101421 A1 bekannt. Zum relevanten Stand der Technik gehören ferner die US 2008/0275644 A1 , die DE 10 2006 045 824 A1 , FR 2928122 A1 , DE 10 2007 011 739 A1 , WO 2008/076418 A1 sowie die DE 10 2006 049 727 A1 .Such a vehicle is out of the US 2009/0101421 A1 known. The relevant state of the art further includes the US 2008/0275644 A1 , the DE 10 2006 045 824 A1 . FR 2928122 A1 . DE 10 2007 011 739 A1 . WO 2008/076418 A1 as well as the DE 10 2006 049 727 A1 ,

Bei Hybridfahrzeugen unterscheidet man sogenannte „Mild-Hybrids” von sogenannten „Full-Hybrids”. Mild-Hybrids weisen einen Verbrennungsmotor und eine elektrische Maschine auf, die in Schubphasen zum Rekuperieren von Bremsenergie genutzt wird und in Beschleunigungsphasen zur Unterstützung des Verbrennungsmotors eingesetzt werden kann. Demgegenüber sind Full-Hybrids mit einer leistungsfähigeren elektrischen Maschine und einer leistungsfähigeren Batterie ausgestattet und ermöglichen wahlweise rein verbrennungsmotorischen Antrieb, rein elektromotorischen Antrieb oder gleichzeitig verbrennungsmotorischen Antrieb unterstützt durch den elektromotorischen Antrieb.In hybrid vehicles, a distinction is made between so-called "mild hybrids" and so-called "full hybrids". Mild hybrids have an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, which is used in deceleration phases for recuperation of braking energy and can be used in acceleration phases to support the internal combustion engine. In contrast, full hybrids are equipped with a more powerful electric machine and a more powerful battery and allow either purely internal combustion engine drive, purely electric motor drive or simultaneously internal combustion engine drive supported by the electric motor drive.

Hybridfahrzeuge weisen üblicherweise eine sehr komplexe Hybridbetriebsstrategie auf, die in Abhängigkeit einer Vielzahl von Fahrzeug- und Fahrzustandsparametern ein geeignetes Betriebsprogramm wählt. Für den Fahrer ist dabei nicht immer ersichtlich, nach welchen Kriterien die Hybridbetriebsstrategie ein bestimmtes Betriebsprogramm gerade auswählt.Hybrid vehicles typically have a very complex hybrid operating strategy that selects a suitable operating program in response to a variety of vehicle and driving condition parameters. For the driver, it is not always clear according to which criteria the hybrid operating strategy currently selects a specific operating program.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Fahrzeug zu schaffen, das hinsichtlich der Betriebsprogrammwahl eine hohe Fahrerakzeptanz aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a vehicle which has a high driver acceptance with regard to the selection of the operating program.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

Ausgangspunkt der Erfindung ist ein Fahrzeug, mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einer elektrischen Maschine, sowie einer Batterie, die dazu vorgesehen ist, die elektrische Maschine mit Strom zu versorgen, wenn diese als Elektromotor betrieben wird bzw. von der elektrischen Maschine gelieferte elektrische Energie zu speichern, wenn die elektrische Maschine als Generator betrieben wird. Ferner ist eine Elektronik vorgesehen, in der mehrere Betriebsprogramme zum Betreiben der elektrischen Maschine und zum Laden bzw. Entladen der Batterie gespeichert sind.The starting point of the invention is a vehicle, with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, as well as a battery, which is intended to supply the electrical machine with electricity, if it is operated as an electric motor or to store electrical energy supplied by the electric machine, when the electric machine is operated as a generator. Furthermore, an electronic system is provided in which a plurality of operating programs for operating the electrical machine and for charging or discharging the battery are stored.

Der Kern der Erfindung besteht darin, dass eine „Anwahleinrichtung” vorgesehen ist, über die der Fahrer von sich aus, d. h. proaktiv eines der vorgesehenen Betriebsprogramme als momentan aktives Programm auswählen kann. Der Begriff „Anwahleinrichtung” ist dabei äußerst breit zu interpretieren. Der Begriff umfasst prinzipiell alle Arten von Eingabe- bzw. Schalteinrichtungen wie etwa elektromechanische Schalter, softwarebasierte Schaltmöglichkeiten, einen Druck-/Drehknopf in Verbindung mit einem Display, wie er derzeit bei verschiedenen Fahrzeugen der Marke BMW eingesetzt wird, Touchscreen-Technologien etc.The essence of the invention is that a "selection device" is provided, over which the driver on his part, d. H. proactively select one of the scheduled operating programs as the currently active program. The term "voting device" is to be interpreted very broadly. The term includes in principle all types of input and switching devices such as electromechanical switches, software-based switching options, a push / turn knob in conjunction with a display, as it is currently used in various BMW brand vehicles, touchscreen technologies, etc.

Durch Betätigen der Anwahleinrichtung kann der Fahrer gezielt eines der Betriebsprogramme anwählen, sofern aktuell vorliegende Randbedingungen, wie z. B. der Ladezustand der Batterie, die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit, dem Fahrzeug bekannte Routenplanung etc. dies zulassen.By pressing the selection device, the driver can selectively select one of the operating programs, if currently present boundary conditions, such. As the state of charge of the battery, the vehicle speed, the vehicle known route planning, etc. allow this.

Im Unterschied zu herkömmlichen Hybridfahrzeugen, bei denen das momentan aktive Betriebsprogramm durch die im Fahrzeug implementierte Hybridbetriebsstrategie ausgewählt und dem Fahrer vorgegeben wird, hat der Fahrer bei einem Fahrzeug gemäß der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, gezielt Einfluss auf die Auswahl eines bestimmten, momentan aktiven Betriebsprogramms zu nehmen, was die Akzeptanz des Fahrers für das Fahrzeug deutlich verbessern dürfte.In contrast to conventional hybrid vehicles, in which the currently active operating program is selected and predefined by the hybrid operating strategy implemented in the vehicle, the driver in a vehicle according to the invention has the possibility of specifically influencing the selection of a specific, currently active operating program , which should significantly improve the driver's acceptance of the vehicle.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist ein sogenanntes „Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm” vorgesehen. Hat der Fahrer das Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm als momentan aktives Betriebsprogramm ausgewählt, wird das Fahrzeug so betrieben, dass der Ladezustand der Batterie mindestens oder exakt auf einem vorgegebenen oberen Ladezustandsniveau von z. B. 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% oder mehr gehalten wird. Wird das Fahrzeug im Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm betrieben, so wird eine besonders hohe bzw. die maximal mögliche elektrische Reichweite vorgehalten. Beabsichtigt man beispielsweise in den Citybereich einer Großstadt einzufahren, so kann es sinnvoll sein, wenn der Fahrer bereits vor Erreichen der Stadtgrenze manuell das Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm anwählt, um bei Erreichen der Grenze zur City die maximal mögliche elektrische Reichweite zur Verfügung zu haben und innerhalb der City ausschließlich elektrisch fahren zu können. Im Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm zu fahren bedeutet nicht notwendigerweise, dass bei einem Hybridfahrzeug ausschließlich verbrennungsmotorisch gefahren wird, sondern lediglich, dass der Fahrzeugantrieb so eingestellt wird, dass der Ladezustand der Batterie auf dem vorgegebenen Ladezustandsniveau gehalten wird bzw. auf das vorgegebene obere Ladezustandsniveau gebracht wird.According to a development of the invention, a so-called "full battery operating program" is provided. If the driver has selected the battery full operating program as currently active operating program, the vehicle is operated so that the state of charge of the battery at least or exactly at a predetermined upper state of charge level of z. 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or more. If the vehicle is operated in the full battery operating program, a particularly high or the maximum possible electrical range is kept available. Intended to enter, for example, in the city area of a city, so it may be useful if the driver manually before reaching the city limits, the battery full operating program selects to have the maximum possible electrical range available when reaching the border to the city and to be able to drive only electrically within the city. Driving in the battery full operating program does not necessarily mean that in a hybrid vehicle is driven exclusively internal combustion engine, but only that the vehicle drive is adjusted so that the state of charge of the battery is maintained at the predetermined state of charge level or brought to the predetermined upper state of charge level becomes.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass das vorgegebene obere Ladezustandsniveau fest vorgegeben ist oder dass der Fahrer die Höhe des oberen Ladezustandsniveaus über eine Eingabeeinrichtung in fest vorgegebenen Stufen oder stufenlos anwählen kann. It can be provided that the predetermined upper state of charge level is fixed or that the driver can select the height of the upper state of charge level via an input device in fixed predetermined levels or continuously.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu dem Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm kann ein sogenanntes „Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm” vorgesehen sein. Arbeitet das Fahrzeug im Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm, wird ein Absinken des Ladezustandsniveaus der Batterie auf ein vorgegebenes unteres Ladezustandsniveau toleriert. Ist man beispielsweise auf dem Weg nach Hause, so kann es sinnvoll sein, manuell das Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm anzuwählen und ausschließlich oder zu einem hohen Anteil elektromotorisch zu fahren, mit der Folge, dass der Ladezustand der Batterie entsprechend absinkt. Beispielsweise kann in das Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm umgeschaltet werden, so dass man bei Erreichen des Fahrziels ein sehr niedriges Ladezustandsniveau erreicht. Sofern das Fahrzeug eine elektrische Schnittstelle für einen Anschluss an ein öffentliches oder privates Stromnetz aufweist, kann die Batterie dann während des Parkens aus dem Stromnetz gespeist wieder aufgeladen werden.Alternatively or in addition to the full battery operating program, a so-called "battery-empty operating program" may be provided. When the vehicle is operating in the battery-empty operating program, a decrease in the state of charge level of the battery to a predetermined lower state of charge level is tolerated. If you are on the way home, for example, it may be useful to manually select the battery-empty operating program and drive exclusively or to a high proportion of electric motor, with the result that the state of charge of the battery drops accordingly. For example, can be switched to the battery-empty operating program, so that when reaching the destination reaches a very low state of charge level. If the vehicle has an electrical interface for connection to a public or private power grid, the battery can then be recharged while parked from the mains.

Im Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm zu fahren bedeutet nicht notwendigerweise, dass das Fahrzeug ausschließlich elektromotorisch betrieben wird. Die Intention dabei ist lediglich, dass verstärkt oder primär mit der in der Batterie gespeicherten elektrischen Energie gefahren wird, um bei Erreichen des Fahrziels die Batterie über das Stromnetz wieder aufzuladen.Driving in the battery-empty operating program does not necessarily mean that the vehicle is operated exclusively by an electric motor. The intention is only that is driven or primarily with the stored in the battery electrical energy to recharge the battery via the mains when reaching the destination.

Auch beim Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm kann vorgesehen sein, dass das untere Ladezustandsniveau, auf das die Batterie maximal entladen wird, vom Fahrer anwählbar ist, z. B. in vorgegebenen Ladezustandsniveaustufen oder stufenlos.Even with the battery-empty operating program can be provided that the lower state of charge level to which the battery is discharged to the maximum, can be selected by the driver, eg. B. in predetermined state of charge levels or continuously.

Ferner kann ein Elektroantriebsprogramm vorgesehen sein, in dem, wenn es angewählt ist, und der Ladezustand der Batterie es zulässt, das Fahrzeug ausschließlich elektromotorisch angetrieben wird.Further, an electric drive program may be provided, in which, when it is selected, and the state of charge of the battery allows it, the vehicle is driven exclusively by an electric motor.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann es sich bei dem Fahrzeug um ein Hybridfahrzeug handeln, das alternativ rein verbrennungsmotorisch oder rein elektromotorisch oder verbrennungsmotorisch und gleichzeitig elektromotorisch antreibbar ist. Ein derartiges Fahrzeug wird auch als „Voll-Hybridfahrzeug” bezeichnet.As already mentioned, the vehicle may be a hybrid vehicle which, alternatively, can be driven purely by internal combustion engine or purely by electric motor or internal combustion engine and at the same time by an electric motor. Such a vehicle is also referred to as a "full hybrid vehicle".

Alternativ zu kann es sich bei dem Fahrzeug auch um ein Elektrofahrzeug handeln, das ausschließlich elektromotorisch antreibbar ist, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor als sogenannter „Range-Extender” fungiert, d. h. ausschließlich oder primär zum Laden der Batterie über einen Generator vorgesehen ist. Alternativ dazu kann die vom Generator erzeugt elektrische Energie auch direkt in den Elektromotor (d. h. nicht erst in die Batterie) eingespeist werden.Alternatively, the vehicle may also be an electric vehicle that can only be driven by an electric motor, the internal combustion engine acting as a so-called "range extender", ie. H. is provided exclusively or primarily for charging the battery via a generator. Alternatively, the electrical energy generated by the generator may also be fed directly into the electric motor (i.e., not into the battery).

Alternativ dazu kann es sich auch um ein sogenanntes „Plug-in Hybridfahrzeug” handeln, d. h. um ein Hybridfahrzeug, das eine „elektrische Schnittstelle” (z. B. Stecker bzw. Steckerbuchse) aufweist, über welche die Batterie des Fahrzeugs zum Laden an ein stationäres (Wechsel-)Stromnetz angeschlossen werden kann.Alternatively, it may also be a so-called "plug-in hybrid vehicle", i. H. a hybrid vehicle having an "electrical interface" (eg, plug or socket) via which the battery of the vehicle can be connected for charging to a stationary (AC) power grid.

Ferner kann es sich bei dem Fahrzeug um ein Hybridfahrzeug handeln, bei dem der Verbrennungsmotor Räder einer ersten Fahrzeugachse und die elektrische Maschine Räder einer zweiten Fahrzeugachse antreibt.Furthermore, the vehicle may be a hybrid vehicle in which the internal combustion engine drives wheels of a first vehicle axle and the electric machine drives wheels of a second vehicle axle.

Zusätzlich zu den oben genannten Betriebsprogrammen können weitere manuell vom Fahrer anwählbare Betriebsprogramme vorgesehen sein, z. B. ein

  • – Normalbetriebsprogramm,
  • – Economybetriebsprogramm,
  • – Sportprogramm,
  • – Verbrennungsmotorbetriebsprogramm.
In addition to the above-mentioned operating programs, further operating programs that can be selected manually by the driver may be provided, eg. B. a
  • - normal operating program,
  • - Economy operating program,
  • - sports program,
  • - Engine operating program.

Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Normalbetriebsprogramm automatisch einsetzt, wenn das Fahrzeug nach einer längeren Parkzeit (nicht Stopp- and Gobetrieb) gestartet wird.For example, it can be provided that the normal operating program automatically starts when the vehicle is started after a longer parking time (not stop and go operation).

Um dem Fahrer den Umgang mit den verschiedenen Betriebsarten zu ermöglichen, sollte ihm eine einfache, transparente Bedienstruktur bzw. Bedienoberfläche angeboten werden. Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Umschalten von einem Betriebsprogramm auf ein anderes Betriebsprogramm über fest im Cockpitbereich des Fahrzeugs installierte Schalteinrichtungen (Hardkeys) oder über entsprechende Menüpunkte oder über Icons auf einem Touchscreen erfolgt. Das momentan ausgewählte Betriebsprogramm kann auf einer Anzeigeeinrichtung angezeigt und erklärt werden. Ferner kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Fahrer über eine Anzeigeeinrichtung die bei dem momentanen Ladezustandsniveau der Batterie erreichbare elektromotorische Reichweite abrufen kann.In order to enable the driver to deal with the various operating modes, a simple, transparent operating structure or user interface should be offered to him. It can be provided that switching over from one operating program to another operating program takes place via switching devices (hardkeys) permanently installed in the cockpit area of the vehicle or via corresponding menu items or via icons on a touchscreen. The currently selected operating program can be displayed and explained on a display device. Furthermore, it can be provided that the driver can call up the electromotive range that can be reached at the instantaneous charge state level of the battery via a display device.

Beim Fahren in sogenannten „Zero-Emission-Zonen” muss sichergestellt sein, dass das Fahrzeug auch wirklich emissionsfrei, d. h. als reines Elektromobil unterwegs ist. Handelt es sich bei dem Fahrzeug um ein Hybridfahrzeug, so könnte dies schließlich auch verbrennungsmotorisch in einer Zero-Emission-Zone fahren. Deshalb kann bei einem Hybridfahrzeug vorgesehen sein, dass nach außen erkennbar signalisiert wird, wenn das Hybridfahrzeug emissionsfrei fährt. Beispielsweise kann eine außen oder von außerhalb des Fahrzeugs einsehbare Anzeigeeinrichtung vorgesehen sein, z. B. eine Lampe, ein Display o. ä., die bzw. das signalisiert, dass das Fahrzeug emissionsfrei unterwegs ist.When driving in so-called "zero-emission zones" must be ensured that the vehicle is really emission-free, d. H. is traveling as a pure electric car. If the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, this could ultimately also drive combustion engine in a zero-emission zone. Therefore, it can be provided in a hybrid vehicle that is signaled outwardly recognizable when the hybrid vehicle drives emission-free. For example, an externally or externally visible from the vehicle display device may be provided, for. As a lamp, a display o. Ä., Which signals that the vehicle is emission-free.

Claims (6)

Fahrzeug, mit – einem Verbrennungsmotor, – einer elektrischen Maschine, – einer Batterie, die dazu vorgesehen ist, die elektrische Maschine mit Strom zu versorgen, wenn diese als Elektromotor betrieben wird, oder von der elektrischen Maschine gelieferte elektrische Energie zu speichern, wenn diese als Generator betrieben wird, – einer Elektronik, in der mehrere Betriebsprogramme zum Betreiben der elektrischen Maschine und zum Laden-/Entladen der Batterie gespeichert sind, – einer Anwahleinrichtung, über die der Fahrer eines der Betriebsprogramme als momentan aktives Betriebsprogramm auswählen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorgesehen ist, dass ein Batterie-Voll-Betriebsprogramm vorgesehen ist, in dem, wenn es ausgewählt ist, das Fahrzeug so betrieben wird, dass der Ladezustand der Batterie mindestens oder exakt auf ein vorgegebenes oberes Ladezustandsniveau gebracht oder auf einem vorgegebenen oberen Ladezustandsniveau gehalten wird, wobei das vorgegebene obere Ladezustandsniveau vom Fahrer in vorgegebenen Stufen oder stufenlos anwählbar ist, und/oder ein Batterie-Leer-Betriebsprogramm vorgesehen ist, in dem, wenn es ausgewählt ist, ein Entladen der Batterie bis auf ein vorgegebenes unteres Ladezustandsniveau zugelassen wird, wobei das vorgegebene untere Ladezustandsniveau vom Fahrer in vorgegebenen Stufen oder stufenlos anwählbar ist.A vehicle comprising - an internal combustion engine, - an electric machine, - a battery intended to supply power to the electric machine when operating as an electric motor, or to store electrical energy supplied by the electric machine, if such A generator, in which a plurality of operating programs for operating the electric machine and for charging / discharging the battery are stored, a selection device, via which the driver can select one of the operating programs as currently active operating program, characterized in that provided that a full battery operating program is provided in which, when selected, the vehicle is operated so that the state of charge of the battery is at least or exactly brought to a predetermined upper state of charge level or maintained at a predetermined upper state of charge level, wherein the predetermined upper Ladezus level is selected by the driver in predetermined levels or infinitely variable, and / or a battery-empty operating program is provided, in which, when it is selected, a discharge of the battery is allowed to a predetermined lower state of charge level, wherein the predetermined lower state of charge level Driver in predetermined levels or infinitely selectable. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fahrer durch Betätigen der Anwahleinrichtung gezielt eines der Betriebsprogramme anwählen kann, sofern aktuell vorliegende Randbedingungen dies zulassen.Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the driver can selectively select one of the operating programs by operating the selection device, if current boundary conditions allow this. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Elektroantriebsprogramm vorgesehen ist, in dem, wenn es ausgewählt ist und der Ladezustand der Batterie es zulässt, das Fahrzeug ausschließlich elektromotorisch angetrieben wird.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an electric drive program is provided in which, when it is selected and the state of charge of the battery allows it, the vehicle is driven exclusively by an electric motor. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fahrzeug ein Hybridfahrzeug ist, das alternativ – rein verbrennungsmotorisch, – rein elektromotorisch sowie – verbrennungsmotorisch und gleichzeitig elektromotorisch antreibbar ist.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, the alternative - purely internal combustion engine, - purely electric motor and - internal combustion engine and at the same time driven by an electric motor. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fahrzeug ausschließlich elektromotorisch antreibbar ist, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor ausschließlich oder primär zum Laden der Batterie über einen Generator vorgesehen ist.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the vehicle is driven exclusively by an electric motor, wherein the internal combustion engine is provided exclusively or primarily for charging the battery via a generator. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Anzeigeeinrichtung zum Anzeigen des Ladezustands der Batterie und/oder der elektromotorisch erzielbaren Reichweite vorgesehen ist.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a display device for displaying the state of charge of the battery and / or the electric motor achievable range is provided.
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