DE102010026667A1 - Welding process comprises providing a first component to be welded, pressing a welding pin extending along a first direction against the first component along the first direction and rotating the welding pin around the first direction - Google Patents

Abstract

The welding process comprises providing a first component to be welded, pressing a welding pin (100) extending along a first direction against the first component (20) along the first direction and rotating the welding pin around the first direction so that the first component is plasticized in the area of the welding pin and a recess is formed in the component. The welding pin is formed as a connection means that remains in the area of the welding pin in each recess after the plasticizing of the first component. The welding pin is connected in the recess with the first component. The welding process comprises providing a first component to be welded, pressing a welding pin (100) extending along a first direction against the first component (20) along the first direction and rotating the welding pin around the first direction so that the first component is plasticized in the area of the welding pin and a recess is formed in the component. The welding pin is formed as a connection means that remains in the area of the welding pin in each recess after the plasticizing of the first component. The welding pin is connected in the recess with the first component in detachable manner or the welding pin is detachably connected with each component so that the welding pin is removable from the recess. The welding pin is mounted for pressing against the first component and for rotating at a welding tool (10). The welding tool rotates around the first direction along a second direction and the welding tool is guided along the first direction in the direction of the first component in order to press the welding pin against the first component. The welding pin is removable from the welding tool after the formation of the recess. The welding pin protrudes by a scapular of the welding tool, where each scapular is arranged to plant at an edge area of the first component adjacent to the recess. The welding pin is pressed along the first direction in the first component. The connection means is formed through a screw or bolt with an external thread, where the screw or the bolt is pressed or rotated against the first component and a corresponding internal thread is formed at the recess. The connecting means is formed as bolt or nut. The second component (20) is arranged related to the first component so that a surface (21) of the first component extending along the third direction lies at the surface of the second component extending along the third direction. The welding pin is pressed against both components and is guided along the third direction from the first position into a second position. Both components are plasticized in the area of the associated surfaces and are welded to each other along the third direction. The recess is formed in the second position. The welding pin in the second position is pressed along the first direction deeper in both components than external of the second position. An independent claim is included for a device for carrying out a welding process.

Description

The invention relates to a welding method according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out a welding method according to the preamble of claim 10.

Such a connection method has at least the following steps: providing at least one first component to be welded, which in particular consists of a metal, such as a metal. Aluminum, pressing a welding pin extended along a first direction onto the at least one first component along the first direction, and rotating the welding pin about the first direction (as the axis of rotation), so that the at least one first component in the region of the welding pin soft ( flowable) and a recess is formed in the at least one component.

Such welding methods are known from the prior art and are also referred to as friction-point welding (solid-phase joining method).

In this case, furthermore, the rotating welding pin, which is also referred to as Rührpin and protrudes from a cylindrical shoulder of a rotatable welding tool, are pressed into a butt joint of two components in the form of sheets, wherein the rotating welding tool together with the non-rotatably fixed welding pin then after a defined time while the frictional heat is generated, is propagated along the butt weld of the sheets.

The process flow is essentially divided into three steps. In the first step, a rotating welding tool with the welding pin is pressed with high force into the joint gap until the shoulder of the welding tool comes to rest on the component surface. During the second step, the rotating welding tool together with welding pin lingers for a few seconds at the immersion point. Due to the friction between the tool shoulder and the joining partners, the material heats under the shoulder to just below the melting point. This increase in temperature results in a decrease in strength, whereby the material is plasticized and a mixing of the joining zone is possible. With the onset of the feed movement begins the third step, in which the rotating welding tool is moved with high contact pressure along the joint line. The pressure gradient between the front and the back of the welding pin and its rotation caused by the advancing movement cause the transport of plasticized material of both components around the welding pin, which mixes there and forms the subsequent seam. At the end of the seam, the tool is pulled out of the joining zone.

Due to this characteristic process sequence shown here by way of example, friction stir welding is very well suited for aluminum alloys. Problems caused in the fusion welding of aluminum alloys by the phase transition, such. As the Heißrissproblematik and pore formation, do not occur in friction stir welding due to the absence of a liquid or vapor phase.

In friction stir welding, on the one hand, the material is compressed by a force directed vertically to the workpiece surface while introducing heat and, on the other hand, by the geometry of the rotating tool, the partially plastic material is forced downwards by swirling. The result is an extrusion channel that reaches to the seam root (also called a welding nugget). The components to be joined stand still. A special shape of the seam before welding is not necessary.

The welding tool preferably has a shoulder which is perpendicular to the welding pin and has a larger diameter than the welding pin itself. The shoulder may be in the form of a half-shell intended to isolate the ambient air from the weld. The welding pin is responsible for the swirling of the material. The inclination of the tool or the welding pin to the surface of the components to be joined is preferably about 2 ° to 3 ° in a piercing arrangement. The welding pin itself has a low wear, it must be replaced to maintain the quality after about 3 km weld.

The known method described above can also be used for local property improvement and for closing pores in cast structures. It is then often instead of FSW (English: Friction Stir Welding, German: friction stir welding) of FSP (English: Friction Stir Processing, German: Rührreibbearbeitung) spoken.

Challenges in the use of friction stir welding exist in the relatively high process forces, depending on the alloy and component thickness of about 1 kN to well over 20 kN, the limited 3D capability through the necessary contact between the tool shoulder and the component to be machined, the end craters at the end of the weld by the exit of the tool (welding pin), which however can be avoided by automatically retractable welding pins (English: "Retractable Pin Tool", RPT, RPT- Technology, German: tool with retractable pin).

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) can be used to join sheets of various materials, in particular metals, to a depth of more than 30 mm. The achievable welding depths and welding speeds depend strongly on the material to be joined and generally decrease with increasing strength and hardness. The process forces increase strongly with increasing strength and hardness of the material. Therefore, the method is mainly used for aluminum. Furthermore, a joining of metal foams is possible.

The FSW is mainly used for welding large components. Application examples are the aerospace industry, aerospace, shipping, rail vehicle construction, but now also increasingly in smaller applications of automotive or medical technology.

The rapid development of friction stir welding for aluminum alloys and its successful implementation for commercial products has motivated its application to other non-ferrous metals (magnesium, copper, titanium, and their alloys) as well as to steel and thermoplastics.

Another example is the rear doors of the Mazda RX-8. Here no seam but only points are welded. This is also called friction spot welding or FSSW welding (English: Friction Stir Spot Welding). The tool only performs a vertical movement here.

Conventionally, the FSW uses special machines that have been specially designed or retrofitted to meet the requirements of the process. Chance also Tricept robot systems are used. Meanwhile, traditional FSW production tools are being used to reduce costs and increase flexibility. For example, the FSW process has now been implemented on machine tools or standard industrial robots. One hybrid variant of friction stir welding is LAFSW welding (laser assisted friction stir welding). In this variant, additional thermal energy is introduced by a laser beam, which leads directly to the rotating tool, the welding pin. This is to achieve, inter alia, a reduction in the vertical force when inserting the FSW tool into the component and an increase in the welding speed. However, this process variant is associated with increased costs because of the laser.

Starting from the above-described prior art, the present invention is based on the problem to provide a welding method and an apparatus for performing a welding process, which further simplify and improve the welding or joining of components.

This problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 1.

Thereafter, it is provided that the welding pin is formed as a connecting means which remains after said plasticizing the at least one first component in the region of the welding pin permanently in that recess, wherein the welding pin welded in the recess with the at least one first component during plasticizing or Alternatively, the welding pin is not welded or permanently connected to that component, so that the welding pin can be removed from the recess without destroying the configuration of the recess (detachable connection).

An inseparable connection is thus characterized in particular as a compound which can be solved only by destroying, so permanently changing the first component and / or the connecting means. A detachable connection can, for. B. be solved by unscrewing the connecting means, such as when the connecting means is designed as a screw, as explained in more detail below.

In the aforementioned manner, a Reibreibschweißenverfahren (Festphasengesgeverfahren) with remaining "tool" is provided, which with advantage over the prior art, a one-step process for producing a high-strength, releasable positive and / or non-positive connection or a indissoluble, cohesive connection between the connecting means and at least one first or possibly more components represents. The usual sequence of welding, tube / threading and bolt or screw threading is reduced to one step. In this way, on the one hand, an increased quality of an inseparable connection between the connecting means and the recess (first component) may be created by possibly integral joining below the material melting temperature and thus a high load capacity of the connection and on the other hand a precise, detachable connection between the recess and the Connecting means z. B. be provided in the form of intermeshing thread.

In the method according to the invention, the welding pin is preferred for pressing against the method at least one first component and for rotation on a welding tool defined or protrudes from a perpendicular to the pin extending shoulder of the tool, in particular the welding tool is rotatable about the first direction along a second direction, and in particular the welding tool together with welding pin along the first Direction towards the first component is moved to press the welding pin against the at least one first component, so that it can immerse in plasticizing the first component in this. In order for the welding pin, which according to the invention represents a connecting means, to remain in the at least one first component, it is preferably detachably fixed to the welding tool, and is preferably released from the welding tool after the connection between the first component and the connecting means and possibly further components has been established ,

Preferably, the welding pin protrudes from an end face of the welding tool, wherein that end face is brought to rest against the edge of the at least one first component when forming the recess, in order to push back plasticized material during the shaping of said recess. Possibly. The welding pin is pressed even deeper into the respective component.

It is also conceivable that the end face of the welding tool or its shoulder is formed on the pin itself, d. h., Is integrally formed on the welding pin. The welding tool then carries this welding pin, which has a free end portion which protrudes from a perpendicular thereto extending shoulder or end face of the welding pin (in one piece).

In a variant of the method, the connecting means is formed by a screw or a bolt / stud with an external thread, wherein the screw is pressed against the at least one first component and rotated, that when immersed in the (plasticized at this point) component the recess is formed an internal thread corresponding to the external thread. A stud may in particular be a screw without a screw head. As a rule, a stud bolt with a thread is screwed into a (usually higher quality) part, which has been provided for this purpose with a corresponding thread. This threaded part is usually not moved / solved. The other threaded end of the stud bolt is used to attach a further part to be flanged, the z. B. can be determined with nut and washer.

The above type of thread forming is particularly advantageous since, in contrast to thread cutting no material is lost, but is completely retained by forming. The material fiber is not severed, but compacted at the root of the thread. As a result, such shaped threads are more resilient and have a very smooth surface. The higher speed and feed rate compared to cutting additionally increases productivity. Thread forming can be used in particular in materials with good cold workability. In addition to steel and stainless steel, these are also light metals and light metal alloys with a yield strength of 1200 N / mm ² . In principle, in particular materials that are long-chipping during drilling, come into consideration for the thread forming.

Furthermore, in view of the above-described type of thread forming advantageous that depending on the pressure with which the welding pin against the at least one first component is pressed and the rotational speed of the welding pin, the self-locking of the formed thread (female thread of the recess) continuously to maximum for welding with the base material (first component) can be increased. As a result, the usual thread locking lacquer (eg Loctite) may also be omitted.

Thus, the method of the invention makes it possible to increase the fatigue strength and fatigue strength of such a compound. Furthermore, the pores of the first component can be closed in the region of the formed thread. In particular, with detachable connections between the molded outer and inner thread suitable adapted "thread forms" are possible (eg round thread, etc.).

In a further variant of the method, the connecting means is designed as a bolt without thread or a rivet. In particular in the case of permanent connections between the connection means and the at least one first component and possibly further components, "stud shapes" adapted to the material or component are possible (eg undercuts, etc.). Such connecting means may, for. B. be formed with an undercut, such as in the form of a relative to the rivet shank / bolt shank broadened rivet or bolt head or any other widened portion of the z. B. can engage behind the first component or possibly another component. In particular, a plurality of components can be interconnected (eg, crankcase with main bearing cap, connecting rod with connecting rod cap, etc.) In a further variant of the method according to the invention, a second component is provided in addition to the first component, wherein the second component with respect to the first component is arranged so that a surface of the first component extending along a third direction bears against a surface of the second component which extends along the third direction, the welding pin being pressed against the two components in the region of a joint gap defined by the two end faces, and is rotated is moved along the third direction from a first position to a second position, that the end face of the welding tool rests in particular on the two surfaces facing the welding tool of the two components and the two components are gradually plasticized in each case in the region of the associated end faces and in this case at least sections are welded together along the third direction by the plasticized material of the two components taken from the rotating welding pin and mixed around the welding pin with each other. Here, said recess, in which the welding pin remains at the end, is formed in the second position.

In the second position, the welding pin can be pushed even deeper into the two components along the first direction.

In a further variant of the method, a second component is preferably provided, wherein the second component is arranged with respect to the first component so that the two components lie one above the other along the first direction, wherein the welding pin for connecting the two components along the first direction also in the second component is pressed and this plasticized in the region of the welding pin, so that the recess extends through the first component and into the second component.

Of course, two components with their front sides can be placed against each other and a third component can be arranged along the first direction below the joint gap defined by the two end faces. Here, the two components can be welded together and the third component can be connected via the connecting means as a welding pin with the other two components.

Furthermore, the problem underlying the invention is solved by a device for carrying out a welding method having the features of claim 10.

Thereafter, it is provided that the device according to the invention has a welding pin extended along a first direction, which is movable along the first direction to press against at least one to be welded first component, wherein the welding pin is rotatable about the first direction, so that the at least a first component in the region of the welding pin is plasticized and a recess is formed in the at least one component, wherein the welding pin is formed as a connecting means, which is adapted after said plasticizing the at least one first component in the region of the welding pin in that recess to remain, wherein the device so presses and rotates the welding pin against the at least one first component, that the welding pin is inextricably connected or welded in the recess with the at least one first component or is detachably connected to that component (not welded is), so that the welding pin from the recess is removable without destruction.

In summary, the method according to the invention or the corresponding device is distinguished by the fact that no additional materials are required during the production of the said compounds, high weld strengths can be achieved, no inert gas is required, the process sequence is comparatively simple, a broad spectrum of mixed connections is possible and relatively low temperatures (in aluminum about 550 C on the weld surface) and thus little distortion are possible.

Further features and advantages of the invention will be explained in the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures.

Showing:

1 a partial sectional view of a welding tool with a protruding welding pin before immersion in a component surface;

2 a sectional sectional view of the welding tool according to 1 with welding stud immersed in the component surface;

3 a variant of the in the 1 and 2 shown method; and

4 a through the in the 1 and 2 illustrated method produced thread.

1 shows in connection with 2 a cylindrical welding tool 10 with one of them projecting along a first direction B cylindrical welding pin 100 , concerning the welding tool 10 is arranged coaxially. Here is the welding pin 100 over a shoulder 11 of the welding tool 10 and has a first free end area 101 on which he can be solved on the welding tool 10 is fixed and a second free end 102 , the first free end area 101 along the first direction B, the can coincide with the vertical Z, is opposite. The welding pin 100 also has a circumferential outside, along the first direction 104 on, as well as a welding tool 10 along the first direction B remote end face 103 for attachment to a surface 21 a first component to be welded 20 in the form of a sheet extending along the XY plane in this embodiment.

Along the first direction B may be below the first component 20 another second component 30 be arranged in the form of a sheet, with the first component 20 to be connected. In this case, the second component 30 with a surface also along the XY plane 31 on a surface facing away from the welding tool 22 of the first component 20 lie flat.

The welding pin 100 will now be immersed in the first metallic component 20 along a second direction R set in rotation so that it has a predeterminable rotational speed and along the first direction B perpendicular to the surface 21 in the direction of the first component 20 lowered, giving it a predefined force against the first component 20 suppressed. Here are the pressure and the rotational speed of the welding pin 100 depending on the material of the welding pin 100 and the first or second component 20 . 30 such that the first component 20 and optionally a second component disposed thereunder 30 in the area of the dipping welding pin 100 by means of the welding pin 100 and possibly the shoulder 11 generated frictional heat is plasticized and a corresponding recess 200 is trained.

For pushing back plasticized material of the first component 20 and for heating the first component 20 becomes the welding pin 100 preferably along the first direction B according to 2 so deep into the first and possibly the second component 30 dipped that shoulder 11 of the welding tool for contact with the surface 21 or for contact with a trained recess 200 bordering border area 23 that surface 21 to come to rest. This can be the shoulder 11 at the same time for mirroring or for processing the bearing or bearing surface (edge region 23 ), which means an additional reduction of the work steps.

It is also possible that the welding pin 100 even the shoulder 11 formed. The welding tool 10 then lies behind that shoulder 11 ,

The welding pin 100 is further adapted and intended to remain permanently in the formed recess as a connecting means. For this purpose, the welding pin 100 be designed as a screw, for example, according to 2 on the outside 104 at the second free end area 102 an external thread 105 can have (cf. 2 ). Furthermore, the welding pin 100 be designed as a bolt, the z. B. at one of the free end portions 101 . 102 may have a protruding portion, so that the bolt 100 the first component 20 (eg in the recess 200 ) or other components 30 can engage. Furthermore, the welding pin 100 also be designed as a rivet or a similar connection means.

Depending on the pressure, the speed of rotation and the materials involved, the welding pin can 100 in the recess 200 fixed in force and / or form fit insoluble or in the recess 200 with the first or second component 20 . 30 cohesively welded by a weld 201 between the first and second component 20 . 30 and the connecting means 100 in the region of the recess 200 is trained (cf. 2 ).

In particular, in a welding pin in the form of a screw with an external thread 105 can during plasticizing in the first and second component, a recess with a corresponding internal thread 202 be created, such that the connecting means after the solidification of the material can be unscrewed out of the recess again. An exemplary example of such an internal thread 202 a first component 60 is in the 4 shown in cross section. Thus, by applying a defined axial contact pressure of the welding pin on the screwing, tightening the screw or the stud bolt with defined torque and rotation angle can be dispensed with and the production of a completely backlash-free thread, in which the upper and lower thread flank abut are possible. Furthermore, the said threads can 202 or bolt 100 absolutely angled, so for example at a right angle to the component surface 21 to be ordered. Further, the pores become in the area of the formed thread 202 locked. In particular, in brittle and porous materials, this allows the increase in the load capacity of threads, z. B. in aluminum (pressure) cast components, sintered metals, metal foams, etc.).

According to 3 can the connecting agent 100 finally, before it in the first or second component 40 . 50 remains to be used for friction stir welding. This z. B. a flat first component 40 and a planar second component 50 be arranged side by side along the XY plane, leaving an end face 42 of the first component 40 extending along a third direction B ', transverse to this third direction B of an end face 52 of the second component 50 opposite, which also extends along the third direction B '. The two front sides 42 . 52 define in this way a joint gap between the two components 40 . 50 that by a weld 201 to be connected.

For this purpose, the welding tool 10 in a first position along the joint gap on the two components 40 . 50 lowered so that the welding pin 100 according to the 2 respectively. 3 in the first and the second component 40 . 50 can submerge, taking the shoulder 11 of the welding tool 10 to the plant to the two the welding tool 10 facing surfaces 41 . 51 of the two components 40 . 50 arrives. By the welding tool 10 including welding pin 100 on the components 40 . 50 transmitted frictional heat plasticize the two components 40 . 50 in the area of the front sides 42 . 52 around the welding pin 100 , and material from the two end faces 42 . 52 gets together due to the rotation of the welding pin 100 mixed. Now by the welding tool 10 or the welding pin 100 along the third direction B ', that is moved along the joint gap in a second position, a filling gap, the two components 40 . 50 interconnecting weld 201 generated. In the second position then the welding pin 100 or the connecting means 100 in the weld 201 in a corresponding recess 200 remain (cf. 2 ), the z. B. at a corresponding connection means 100 an internal thread 202 according to 4 can have.

It is also possible that the lanyard 100 in the second position even deeper along the first direction B in the base material or the two components 40 . 50 dips. This is independent of whether a detachable or non-detachable connection is to be made.

The above-described method and apparatus thus enable increased strength by joining components in the solid phase by only plasticizing the material. In this case, mixed compounds and different materials (eg metals) can be bonded to one another in a material and / or force and / or form-fitting manner. It is a non-cutting process, so that the disposal or storage of process waste is eliminated. The method is also fully automated.

Claims (10)

Welding method, comprising the steps of: providing at least one first component to be welded ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ), - pressing a welding pin extending along a first direction (B) ( 100 ) against the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) along the first direction (B) and - rotating the welding pin ( 100 ) about the first direction (B), so that the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) in the area of the welding pin ( 100 ) is plasticized and a recess ( 200 ) in the at least one component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ), characterized in that the welding pin ( 10 ) is formed as a connecting means, which after said plasticizing the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) in the area of the welding pin ( 10 ) in that recess ( 200 ), the welding pin ( 100 ) in the recess ( 200 ) with the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 , 50 . 60 ) is inseparably connected, in particular welded, or wherein the welding pin ( 100 ) with that component ( 10 . 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) is releasably connected, so that the welding pin ( 100 ) from the recess ( 200 ) is removable. Welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding pin ( 100 ) for pressing against the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) and for rotating on a welding tool ( 10 ), in particular the welding tool ( 10 ) is rotated about the first direction (B) along a second direction (R), and in particular the welding tool ( 10 ) with welding pin ( 100 ) along the first direction (B) in the direction of the first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) is moved to the welding pin ( 100 ) against the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ). Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the welding pin ( 100 ) after forming the recess ( 200 ) of the welding tool ( 10 ) is solved. Welding method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the welding pin ( 100 ) from one shoulder ( 11 ) of the welding tool ( 10 ), whereby that shoulder ( 11 ) when forming the recess ( 200 ) for engagement with a recess ( 200 ) bordering edge area ( 23 ) of the at least one first component ( 20 ), and in particular the welding pin ( 10 ) thereafter along the first direction (B) even deeper into the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) is pressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting means ( 100 ) by a screw or a stud with an external thread ( 105 ) is formed, wherein the screw or the stud so against the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) is pressed and rotated, that at the recess ( 200 ) a corresponding internal thread ( 202 ) is formed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connecting means ( 100 ) is formed as a bolt or a rivet. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second component ( 50 ), wherein the second component ( 50 ) so with respect to the first component ( 40 ) is arranged such that a surface (3 ') extending along a third direction (B') 52 ) of the first component ( 50 ) in a surface extending along the third direction (B ') ( 42 ) of the second component ( 50 ), wherein the welding pin ( 100 ) so against the two components ( 40 . 50 ) is rotated, and is moved along the third direction (B ') from a first position to a second position that the two components ( 40 . 50 ) in each case in the region of the assigned surface ( 42 . 52 ) are plasticized and at least partially welded together along the third direction (B '), wherein said recess ( 200 ) is formed in the second position. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the welding pin ( 200 ) in the second position along the first direction (B) deeper into the two components ( 40 . 50 ) is pressed as being out of the second position. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a second component ( 30 ), wherein the second component ( 30 ) so with respect to the first component ( 20 ) is arranged, that the two components ( 20 . 30 ) lie one above the other along the first direction (B), the welding pin ( 200 ) for connecting the two components ( 20 . 30 ) along the first direction (B) in the second component ( 30 ) and this in the area of the welding pin ( 100 ), so that the recess ( 200 ) through the first component ( 20 ) also into the second component ( 30 ). Device for carrying out a welding process, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 9, with a welding pin (10) extending along a first direction (B). 100 ) which is movable along a first direction (B) in order to bear against at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ), the welding pin ( 100 ) about the first direction (B) is rotatable, so that the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) in the area of the welding pin ( 100 ) is plasticized and a recess ( 200 ) in the at least one component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ), characterized in that the welding pin ( 10 ) is designed as a connecting means, which is set up and provided, after said plastification of the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ) in the area of the welding pin ( 10 ) in that recess ( 200 ), the device retaining the welding pin ( 100 ) presses against the at least one first component and rotates that the welding pin in the recess ( 200 ) with the at least one first component ( 20 . 30 . 40 , 50 . 60 ) is inseparably connected, in particular welded or detachable with that component ( 10 . 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 ), so that the welding pin ( 100 ) from the recess ( 200 ) is removable.

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