DE102010022883A1 - Method for sintering of material for lithium electrode, involves heating mixture of lithium containing compound granules and material containing one of iron, cobalt, phosphorus, nickel, manganese and carbon at different temperatures - Google Patents
Method for sintering of material for lithium electrode, involves heating mixture of lithium containing compound granules and material containing one of iron, cobalt, phosphorus, nickel, manganese and carbon at different temperatures Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010022883A1 DE102010022883A1 DE102010022883A DE102010022883A DE102010022883A1 DE 102010022883 A1 DE102010022883 A1 DE 102010022883A1 DE 102010022883 A DE102010022883 A DE 102010022883A DE 102010022883 A DE102010022883 A DE 102010022883A DE 102010022883 A1 DE102010022883 A1 DE 102010022883A1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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Abstract
Description
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
(a) Bereich der Erfindung(a) Field of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft das Sintern eines Lithium enthaltenden Elektrodenmaterials wie es in Lithiumbatterien eingesetzt wird.The invention relates to the sintering of a lithium-containing electrode material as used in lithium batteries.
(b) Beschreibung des derzeitigen Standes der Technik(b) Description of the current state of the art
Beim Sintern von Elektroden für Lithiumbatterien wird derzeit im Allgemeinen ein Tigel aus hochreinem Aluminiumoxid eingesetzt, was zu einigen Einschränkungen und Unbequemlichkeiten führt. Eine davon ist, dass es nicht einfach ist Dichtheit zwischen Tiegel und Deckel zu gewährleisten. Eine weitere Schwierigkeit kommt daher, dass beim Absenken der Temperatur die Temperatur des Schutzgases nicht genau der Temperatur des Tiegels folgt und es deshalb leicht zu Schäden am Tiegel kommt. Noch ein weiteres Problem liegt darin, dass bei plötzlicher Absenkung der Tiegeltemperatur dieser beschädigt wird. Es muss deshalb eine langsame Abkühlung vorgenommen werden, was wegen der langen Zeit zu einem hohen Verbrauch an Schutzgas führt und eine Kostensenkung verhindert.When sintering electrodes for lithium batteries, a tiger of high purity alumina is currently generally used, resulting in some limitations and inconveniences. One of them is that it is not easy to ensure tightness between the crucible and the lid. Another difficulty is that when lowering the temperature, the temperature of the protective gas does not follow exactly the temperature of the crucible and therefore it is easy to damage the crucible. Yet another problem is that if the crucible temperature is suddenly lowered, it will be damaged. It must therefore be made a slow cooling, which leads to a high consumption of inert gas due to the long time and prevents cost reduction.
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention
Hauptziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Sintern von Material für Lithiumelektroden. Das Verfahren benötigt wenig oder kein Schutzgas und erlaubt durch die verkürzte Verfahrenszeit eine Kostensenkung, wodurch es für die einschlägige Industrie von großer Bedeutung ist.The main object of the present invention is a method of sintering material for lithium electrodes. The process requires little or no shielding gas and, due to the shortened process time, allows a cost reduction, which makes it very important for the relevant industry.
Zum Erreichen des oben beschriebenen Ziels verwendet die Erfindung ein Granulat aus einer Lithiumverbindung und M, wobei M Eisen, Phosphor, Kobalt, Nickel, Mangan, Vanadium oder Kohlenstoff in elementarer Form, als Oxid oder als chemische Verbindung sein kann. Die Materialien werden vermischt und dann in einem zweistufigen Verfahren in einem metallenen Gefäß auf 300 bis 700°C bzw. 500 bis 900°C erhitzt. Das Produkt dieses Prozesses wird anschließend gemahlen, worauf man das gewünschte Material erhält.To achieve the above-described object, the invention uses granules of a lithium compound and M, wherein M may be iron, phosphorus, cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium or carbon in elemental form, as an oxide or as a chemical compound. The materials are mixed and then heated in a two-stage process in a metal vessel at 300 to 700 ° C and 500 to 900 ° C, respectively. The product of this process is then ground to obtain the desired material.
Beim oben beschriebenen Verfahren dient der erste Erhitzungsschritt (300 bis 700°C) in erster Linie dazu die Ausgangsmaterialien zu verbacken. Dabei entweicht ein unbekanntes Gas und es bilden sich Körner. Im zweiten Schritt (500 bis 900°C) werden Hohlräume und Buchstellen geschlossen. Während des Sintervorgangs entweichen Kohlensäureradikale und andere gasförmige Stoffe. In dem weitgehend von Hohlräumen freien Material verbleiben diese Gase im Reaktionsgefäß und bilden eine Schutzschicht, so dass keine Gase von außen eindringen können. Das Material im Reaktionsgefäß kommt also nicht mit unbekannten Gasen und Sauerstoff von außen in Verbindung und erzeugt instabile Verbindungen. Während des Temperaturanstiegs wird wegen der Oxidation der Oberfläche des Reaktionsgefäßes und der Wärmedehnung des Metalls auf der Außenseite des Reaktionsgefäßes eine Schutzschicht gebildet, die den Schutz des Inhalts vor Oxidation verstärkt. Dies gilt besonders, wenn sich Eisen im Material befindet. Das Verfahren kommt daher mit wenig oder ohne von außen zugeführtes Schutzgas aus.In the method described above, the first heating step (300 to 700 ° C) serves primarily to cake the starting materials. An unknown gas escapes and grains form. In the second step (500 to 900 ° C) cavities and book locations are closed. Carbonic acid radicals and other gaseous substances escape during the sintering process. In the largely void-free material, these gases remain in the reaction vessel and form a protective layer, so that no gases can penetrate from the outside. The material in the reaction vessel thus does not come into contact with unknown gases and oxygen from the outside and creates unstable compounds. During the temperature rise, a protective layer is formed due to the oxidation of the surface of the reaction vessel and the thermal expansion of the metal on the outside of the reaction vessel, which enhances the protection of the content from oxidation. This is especially true if there is iron in the material. The method therefore comes with little or no externally supplied inert gas.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Detaillierte Beschreibung der bevorzugten AusführungDetailed description of the preferred embodiment
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Sinterung von Material für Elektroden mit Lithiumgehalt wird im Wesentlichen ein Granulat aus einer Lithium enthaltenden chemischen Verbindung mit einem Material M zusammen in ein abgedecktes metallisches Reaktionsgefäß eingebracht und vermischt. Dabei kann das Material M Eisen, Phosphor, Kobalt, Nickel, Mangan, Vanadium oder Kohlenstoff in elementarer Form, als Oxid oder als chemische Verbindung sein. Danach erfolgt eine Erhitzung des Gemisches in zwei Stufen auf 300 bis 700°C und 500 bis 900°C. Das so erhaltene Material wird dann zum gewünschten Produkt zermahlen.In the method according to the invention for sintering material for electrodes with lithium content, essentially a granulate of a lithium-containing chemical compound with a material M is introduced into a covered metallic reaction vessel and mixed. In this case, the material M iron, phosphorus, cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium or carbon in elemental form, as an oxide or as a chemical compound. Thereafter, the mixture is heated in two stages to 300 to 700 ° C and 500 to 900 ° C. The material thus obtained is then ground to the desired product.
Beim oben beschriebenen Verfahren dient der erste Erhitzungsschritt auf 300 bis 700°C hauptsächlich dazu, die Verbindungsstruktur zwischen den pulverförmigen Bestandteilen herzustellen, unbekannte Gase zu entlassen und die Körnungsgröße zu bestimmen. Im zweiten Schritt von 500 bis 900°C werden vor allem nicht erlaubte Hohlstellen und Bruchstellen geschlossen. Die beiden Wärmebehandlungen können getrennt in einem zweistufigen oder direkt aufeinanderfolgend in einem einstufigen Verfahren durchgeführt werden, was zu verschiedenen Produkten führt.In the method described above, the first heating step at 300 to 700 ° C mainly serves to establish the bonding structure between the powdery constituents, to discharge unknown gases, and to determine the grain size. In the second step, from 500 to 900 ° C, in particular unauthorized voids and fractures are closed. The two heat treatments can be carried out separately in a two-stage or directly sequential one-step process, resulting in different products.
Wie aus
Das beschriebene Verfahren betrifft das Sintern von festen Stoffen. Auf diese Weise hergestellte Materialien für Lithiumelektroden, einschließlich der als Anoden in Lithiumbatterien verwendeten, enthalten Lithiumkobaldioxid (LiCoO2), Lithiummangandioxid (LiMnO2), Lithiumnickeldioxid (LiNiO2), Lithiumeisenphosphat (LiFePO4), Lithium-Nickelkobaldmangandioxid (Li(NiCoMn)O2). Für Kathoden werden Litiumtitanoxid (Li4Ti5O12), Lithiumkohlenstoff (LiC6) oder Lithiumzinnoxid (LiSnOx) verwendet.The described method relates to the sintering of solids. Lithium electrode materials prepared in this manner, including those used as anodes in lithium batteries, include lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium manganese dioxide (LiMnO 2 ), lithium nickel dioxide (LiNiO 2 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), lithium nickel cobalt manganese dioxide (Li (NiCoMn) O 2 ). For cathodes, lithium titanium oxide (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), lithium carbon (LiC 6 ) or lithium tin oxide (LiSnO x ) are used.
Während des Sinterprozesses sondert das Materialgemisch (
In einem Beispiel für dieses Verfahren enthält das zu sinternde Material Lithiumkarbonat (Li2CO3), Lithiumhidroxid (LiOH), Eisenphosphat (FePO4) und Graphit. Die Ergebnisse sind in den untenstehenden Reaktionsgleichungen (4-1) und (4-2) beschrieben.
Dabei gilt:
- nX:
- Reaktionsmischungsverhältnis
- X :
- Reaction mixture ratio
X1, X2: andere an der Reaktion beteiligte Stoffe, wobei gilt:
- X1:
- möglicherweise CO2, CO enthaltend
- X2:
- möglicherweise CO2, CO, H2O enthaltend
- X 1 :
- possibly containing CO2, CO
- X 2 :
- possibly containing CO2, CO, H2O
Aus obigem geht hervor, dass da X1 und X2 während des Sintervorgangs möglicherweise Gase erzeugen, die einen schützenden Innendruck aufbauen, keine Gase von außen eindringen können. Hochoxidierende Stoffe bieten deshalb einen guten Schutz.It can be seen from the above that since X 1 and X 2 may produce gases during the sintering process which build up a protective internal pressure, no gases can penetrate from the outside. Highly oxidizing substances therefore offer good protection.
Laut der obigen Beschreibung der Erfindung können Reaktionsgefäß (
Claims (7)
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DE102010022883A DE102010022883A1 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2010-06-07 | Method for sintering of material for lithium electrode, involves heating mixture of lithium containing compound granules and material containing one of iron, cobalt, phosphorus, nickel, manganese and carbon at different temperatures |
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DE102010022883A DE102010022883A1 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2010-06-07 | Method for sintering of material for lithium electrode, involves heating mixture of lithium containing compound granules and material containing one of iron, cobalt, phosphorus, nickel, manganese and carbon at different temperatures |
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Citations (1)
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DE60133405T2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2009-04-09 | Valence Technology, Inc., Henderson | PROCESS FOR PREPARING LITHIUM METAL COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE AS A CATHODE ACTIVE COMPOUND |
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DE60133405T2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2009-04-09 | Valence Technology, Inc., Henderson | PROCESS FOR PREPARING LITHIUM METAL COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE AS A CATHODE ACTIVE COMPOUND |
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