DE102010005344A1 - Wind driven small energy generator has rotor which is arranged in building material of building, where rotor generates electric current through revolution by oscillator - Google Patents

Abstract

The wind driven small energy generator (1) has a rotor (2) which is arranged in a building material (5) of a building. The rotor generates electric current through revolution by an oscillator (4). An inner side of the building material is adjusted at an outer circumference of the rotor. The rotor is a cross-flow impeller. An independent claim is also included for a method for utilizing wind energy in surface height.

Description

The present invention relates to a wind powered small power generator.

The use of regenerative energies has increased on the one hand due to the recognition of the necessary reduction of emissions, on the other hand due to financial aspects more and more in many areas. The trend here is towards ever larger wind-driven generation plants. While a plant such as the former Growian plant was able to gain initial insights into blade geometries, rectifier designs and other electrical and mechanical engineering issues, today wind-driven energy producers as an offshore solution with outputs of more than one megawatt are state of the art.

Object of the present invention is to provide a power generator, which manages without consuming infrastructure measures for the operation of the power generator and in particular is also used in urban areas.

This object is achieved with a wind-driven small energy generator with the features of claim 1 and with a method with the features of claim 10. Further advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the respective subclaims.

It is proposed wind-powered small energy generator, which is arranged in a building material to be installed or already installed. By arranging the small energy generator in the building material itself, for example, a construction to be set up with an actually different primary function can additionally be used to create a space corresponding to the generation of energy. Contrary to the trend to create ever larger wind turbines and corresponding installations with foundations, gondolas and towers, the proposal is therefore to the effect not to provide a wholesale solution but a small solution. This small solution is particularly advantageous because it can be integrated as a single solution but also as a multiple solution, for example in a building such as a wall, a housing wall, a boundary, a post or other structural design. A building according to the solution proposed here is therefore not a tower or a gondola of a conventional wind power plant with rotor blades that are free in the area.

Furthermore, a method for the utilization of wind energy near the ground, preferably from 0.5 meters, particularly preferably in a range between 0.5 meters and for example a maximum of 4 meters in height, preferably at most 3 meters in height, in particular at most 2 meters in height proposed , in which the wind energy is used by means of a cross-flow impeller. The crossflow impeller preferably drives a generator. The Querstromlaufrad is preferably arranged to extend horizontally.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that the wind-driven small energy generator has a wind-driven rotor which generates electrical current by rotation by means of a generator. Here, the wind-driven rotor can be coupled directly to the generator. Also, multiple rotors may be connected together in a row and eventually coupled to a single generator. For example, it is provided that a rotor of the generator is arranged directly on the shaft of the rotor. However, there is also the possibility that a transmission is provided, for example, a planetary gear or other transmission gear. This allows to change a generator speed, which differs from the speed of the rotor. There is also the possibility that the rotor shaft is not coupled to an electric generator but to a drive train. The powertrain is coupled to a consumer of mechanical energy. This may be, for example, a pump by means of which, for example, irrigation takes place. It is also possible, for example, to couple an electrical as well as a mechanical load with the rotor shaft. For example, a clutch may be interposed therebetween so that only one of the two consumers is selectively used. However, both consumers can be driven simultaneously according to one embodiment.

The wind-powered small power generator is preferably provided with a diameter which is not greater than a wall thickness or other dimensioning of a building, in which the wind-powered small energy generator is to be introduced. For example, if a brick or a concrete block is used to make the structure, a corresponding module adapted to the dimension of this brick or concrete block or other material, for example by means of a rack or cage, can be used instead of such a building block. In this module is the small energy generator by means of at least the wind-driven rotor and preferably also an associated generator. Preferably, the entire rotor is attached to the structure. An embodiment provides that the rotor protrudes partially out of the structure. However, there is also the possibility that the module has only the rotor and a corresponding bearing. This embodiment has, for example, the possibility that different rotors can be coupled to one another and, for example, the coupling with a generator takes place in a terminating module, for example. Also, a generator may be arranged on such a coupling of two or more rotors on each side of the rotor shaft. An arrangement of two generators to a wind-driven rotor is also possible.

A bearing of the wind-driven rotor is preferably via rolling bearings, preferably a ball bearing. Both axial and radial bearings can be used, including combinations thereof. In addition to ball bearings also roller, barrel, needle roller bearings or other bearings can be used. For example, deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, axial deep groove ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, spherical roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings can be used. The bearings are preferably self-lubricating or maintenance-free. It can also be used plain bearings. Preferably, maintenance-free plastic plain bearings are used. Plain bearings can be hydrostatic as well as hydrodynamic. In addition to plastic and metal, such as a sintered metal can be used for storage. A magnetic bearing as well as an air bearing may also be used. The bearing may have bearing bushes, bearing shells, bearing cages and other components. According to one embodiment, a shaft of the rotor is mounted at least on both sides. For example, if a vertical arrangement of the rotor shaft provided, but a one-sided storage may be provided. Multiple storage is also possible. It is also possible to provide two movable bearings and a thrust bearing. According to one embodiment, provision is made for the rotor shaft to be supported via the generator itself. For example, this can be integrated with a storage. According to one embodiment, provision is made for the rotor of the generator to be arranged on the rotor shaft itself, and rotor shaft with rotor and generator rotor are then likewise introduced into the housing. For example, the stator is arranged such that it is connected to the bearing of the rotor shaft.

Preferably, a module in which the small energy generator is arranged, at the same time also provided as protection. This protection can be of a variety of nature, for example, against external influences such as moisture, moisture, temperature fluctuations, cold and heat, against acting on the building external forces, against internal forces acting in the building, as a backup for internal components or other. This protection should, for example, avoid direct contact with the wind-driven rotor and thus a risk of injury. The protection may be, for example, a grille cover or other device preventing access to the wind-driven rotor, but which is sufficiently wind-permeable. For example, this cover is securely removable, so that a replacement of the small power generator after removal of the cover is readily possible. The module has, for example, a frame with either fixed side panels and / or with at least demountable side panels. The frame can be made for example by means of pipes, in particular also consist of hollow profile material such as drawn pipes. But it can also be used carriers to which the side panels can be attached. Preferably, metallic material is used for this outer shell, in particular stainless steel. However, it is also possible to use plastics as well as natural materials or even concrete as well as various materials for different areas of the module. The module may be provided with a space for arranging components of the small power generator. But there may also be separations in the module, for example, for storage, for the separation of components or for other reasons. Also, drainage may be provided to exit the module by means of the liquid or condensed water entering the module.

The wind-powered small power generator is preferably coupled to an accumulator. There is the possibility that the electrical energy generated by the small power generator is stored. This storage allows the operation of electrical loads even at times when the small power generator can provide no or insufficient electrical energy available. For example, the wind-driven small producer can be used alone or combined with one or more other similar or similar wind-driven small producers as well as other, preferably regeneratively designed, energy producers in an isolated solution. The island solution allows, for example, the operation of lighting systems. For example, a cellar, a garage, a path, a sign or something else can be illuminated. Also pumps can be operated with it. This can, for example, a heat pump, a water pump, z. B. in the garden, or other loading or drainage systems. There is also the possibility that a pump is operated directly by means of the generated electrical energy instead of an intermediate storage in an accumulator. This pump, for example, pump liquid, preferably water, upwards and thus fill a storage power plant with a memory. This can also be done in addition to the use of the battery.

Preferably, the mini-plant is used under such wind conditions in which only very small wind currents are present. Preferably, the small power generator has a turn-on wind speed of 40 to 60 cm / s. Due to this low switch-on wind speed, it is possible to be able to use the small energy generator, in particular also in and on buildings and in urban planning. Wherever, for example, through urban canyons wind currents occur or prevail by air conditioning or other ventilation in buildings such as garages, especially underground garages, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, or other areas corresponding wind speeds, thus the small energy generator can be used.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that a 12 V, 24 V or 48 V DC battery charge is made possible. If, for example, an alternating current is generated via the generator, corresponding direct current can be generated via a rectifier. For example, if a charge controller is present, the DC power can be supplied to the associated battery. There is also the possibility that a feed into a power grid, in particular in a 230 V AC network takes place. For this purpose, for example, a ballast as well as a corresponding power inverter is required. If an energy storage in conjunction with, for example, one or more photovoltaic modules or other wind turbines, for example, a corresponding hybrid charge controller can be used to provide the accumulator with DC can. For example, if the accumulator used as an emergency power supply, for example, a voltage converter can be provided, which converts from low volts to high voltages and automatically switches, for example, from mains operation to battery operation or vice versa. A further development provides that the voltage converter, for example, also has a charging function. This can be configured, for example, such that when the charging current is too low via the regenerative power generation, recharging beyond a certain limit is additionally set up automatically via a mains voltage of, for example, a domestic network or another power supply. The accumulator used can also provide lower voltages. This may be useful, in particular, if it is intended to supply power to LEDs, which are operated, for example, via a voltage of 3 V or 6 V or a voltage lower than 12 V. Of course, there is also the possibility to allow voltage adjustment in other ways. Also, various voltage networks may be present, to which the small energy generator is directly or indirectly coupled.

A further embodiment provides that the wind-driven small energy generator by means of a Abschottungssystems, for example by means of a flap system or other cover against wind currents can also be at least partially sealed off. In this way, for example, an activation of the small energy generator can be omitted or reduced if too high wind currents are detected for this. For example, it is provided that a rotational speed of the rotor is determined. If a limit speed is reached, for example, a foreclosure can be triggered. Instead of a foreclosure, for example, but also a brake may be provided. This prevents further rotation of the rotor or a faster rotation. A braking can also be generated by the fact that a higher load to be driven is present, for example switched on. A development, in turn, provides that a freely inflowable cross-section of the wind-driven small energy generator and in particular of the rotor can be changed by means of the cover. In this way, it is possible to only partially enable a Windanströmung and to avoid a supply of wind speed. For example, can be changed by means of variable in position fins of the flow cross-section as well as the flow itself. The same applies to an outflow. For example, it may be provided that an outflow is prevented. Due to the accumulating air flow, there is no further flow and the wind-driven small energy generator is not operated further. By reducing the cross-sectional area available for outflow, throttling and reducing the rotational speed of the small-scale power generator can also be achieved. Also, different inflow and / or outflow can be available according to a development, whereby the wind speed is set on the rotor. For example, it is also possible to provide a bypass system, should be too high wind speeds. The bypass can, for example, open and close independently, for example by means of spring force, which must be overcome by the wind pressure.

The rotor is preferably made of metal or plastic. It is also possible to use material mixes, for example a metal frame, a plastic blade or else. Glass fiber reinforced plastics can also be used for carbon fiber reinforced plastics or other lightweight construction materials such as aluminum. Preferably, a particularly lightweight material is used. In this way, a startup speed can be reduced. This is supported by a particularly smooth bearing. One embodiment provides that a cross-flow impeller is used as the rotor. Querstromlaufräder are known for example in fans. There it is used in particular in columns or tower fans. But you can now be used instead of ventilation as a drive. Cross-flow wheels are used, for example, by the company Punker in Eckernförde. Also from the DE 1 291 868 as well as from the DE 78 961 go cross-flow wheels, however, with respect to the use as impellers.

A further embodiment provides that the rotor of the small energy generator can also be used as a fan. For this purpose, for example, provided that the generator can also be used as a motor. As a result, the rotor shaft is driven and the rotor itself ventilated. This can be used for example in ventilation systems, in particular those in which a natural ventilation is present, which is also used to operate the small energy generator. If the natural ventilation does not suffice, then the small energy generator can act as a fan, for example. If, for example, it is determined via a flow sensor or another measuring receptacle that there is sufficient flow in the ventilation system due to structural conditions, energy can be generated by switching the rotor as an energy generator, for example. If, on the other hand, it is determined that there is no adequate ventilation in the building, e.g. B. present in a basement, a garage or other area, on the other hand, a switch can be made. In this case, the rotor works as a fan and supplies air.

As already explained above, the building material to be installed, in which the wind-driven small energy generator is arranged, is a module, for example a cage. In this cage, for example, the small energy generator can be used prefabricated, for example, a storage is already arranged in the building material to be installed. A further embodiment provides that the building material is divisible. Thus, for example, be used in this way the small energy generator and then assembled by assembling the building material this then. Preferably, it is possible in this way to produce building blocks which are arranged above and / or next to one another and in this way enable a coupling of the individual small energy generators. A coupling can be done for example by electrical connection. A coupling is also possible by a mechanical connection of the respective rotors and rotor shafts with each other. Preferably, the small power generator is interchangeable. If the small power generator is produced, for example, by plug-in parts, an exchange can also be made possible only by individual parts of the small power generator. For example, if it is provided that the small-scale generator used in a block, according to one embodiment, a replacement is made possible only by destruction of the already existing small energy generator. In this way it is ensured that essential components are replaced when it comes to a repair of the small energy generator. There is also the possibility of being able to coordinate the lifetime of individual components of the small energy generator with one another so that the service life of these components is adapted and approximated. This makes it possible to allow a complete replacement using construction components that do not have to be high-priced but are adapted to the lifetime of the weakest link.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that the wind-powered small energy generator is connected to a monitoring system. In particular, when used in houses, buildings or other facilities in which such monitoring and control is already provided, such. B. in an intelligent house, it can be tapped on an operating condition or other information, a defect in the small energy generator can be detected as well as a state of electrical energy in the accumulator are monitored. It is also possible to enable control of further components cooperating with the wind-driven small energy generator. This can be, for example, blinds that change the flow of air to the small power generator, in particular can shut off. Also, additional other components such as photovoltaic modules, voltage converters and the like may also be included in this monitoring.

Furthermore, it is provided that the building material itself is designed so that any resulting noise is not forwarded through the storage. For example, a bearing as such may have damping. Vibrations due to the drive of the rotor are thereby not forwarded for example in the building as such. A noise development by the rotation of the rotor and the vibrations thus generated in the air flow can be influenced for example by the corresponding geometry of the rotor itself, by the material used of the rotor, a corresponding inflow and adjustment of the flow as well as an outflow and adjustment of the outflow. It is also possible to provide additional sound-influencing components such as damping materials in the region of these small-energy generators.

A further embodiment provides that, in particular when using a rotor made of a metallic material, a surface which is as non-reflective as possible is present. This can be done, for example, by applying paint, by coloring the material used, by appropriate surface treatment and thus preventing targeted reflection in one direction. By means of one or more of these means, there is the possibility that a shadowing or a disturbing reflection is prevented or at least reduced. In this way, use of the small energy generator is also suitable in external areas of buildings that are visible. A development sees, for example, that the surface of the small energy generator is provided in particular with the use of, for example, a Querstromlaufrades with a targeted color. In this way, effects can be created using different colors or color environments. These effects may, for example, specify a direction for emergency exits, draw attention of an observer and in some other way z. B. be used as advertising space.

According to a further embodiment of the small energy generator, it is provided, for example, that this can be arranged in a pole-like structure. A post-like structure is for example part of a fence, in a Wegführung or used as a marker z. B. as a roadside marker. Likewise, such a post-like structure can be used as a post, as a bollard, as a lamp post, as a street sign holder or in any other way. This allows, for example, to provide lighting in a self-sufficient manner. Preferably, an LED or another low-energy consumer is used for this purpose, which is powered by a rechargeable battery. This lighting can be triggered, for example, with a time delay or depending on the lighting conditions. It is also possible, for example, to use another electrical consumer, for example a transmitter and / or the receiver of information, for example an emergency telephone. An additional energy supply of a self-sufficient system can for example be done using one or more additional photovoltaic elements.

A further embodiment provides that the small energy generator is used as a retrofit or as a subsequent cultivation in, for example, buildings. For this purpose, arranged in the component small energy sources, for example, at the same time also have the accumulator and the electrical load with. By retrofitting ensures that the self-sufficient power supply itself ensures and the functionality of the electrical load, such as lighting, is possible without much additional effort. In this way, for example, on houses, an installation of such a small energy generator, as well as the use of garden fences, garages in particular underground garages, in the area of large residential complexes but also in infrastructures distant areas, such. As in mountainous regions, remote areas or along roads such as highways, highways but also dirt roads. For example, in addition to stationary use, there may also be transient use, for example on a ship, for power generation, for example, of an electrically operated scarecrow in a field or for other applications requiring electrical energy or propulsion energy. For example, the building itself can be movable and thus the small energy generator can be used and used anywhere.

Further advantageous embodiments and developments will become apparent from the following figures. However, the individual features shown in each case are not limited to the individual figure or design. Rather, one or more of the features shown there can be linked to other features of the figures as well as from the above description to further embodiments. The embodiments resulting from the figures are furthermore not to be construed restrictively but serve to exemplarily explain various possibilities of use as well as the design of the small energy generator. Show it:

1 : A first schematic representation of a small energy generator arranged in a building material to be installed,

2 A further schematic embodiment of a small energy generator arranged in a building material to be installed,

3 : Several interconnected small energy producers in a self-sufficient island solution in schematic view,

4 in a schematic view of an installation order of the wind-driven small energy generator in a post,

5 FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a crossflow impeller as a rotor of a small energy generator. FIG.

6 a further embodiment of a rotor,

7 a further embodiment of a rotor,

8th a possible blade geometry in a rotor, in particular a cross-flow impeller,

9 FIG. 2: another possible geometry in a schematic view of rotor blades, in particular in the form of a cross-flow rotor,

10 a possible inflow and outflow of a small energy generator in the building material to be installed,

11 : a further schematic inflow and outflow of a small energy generator in built-up building material,

12 : a schematic exemplary arrangement of a flap system as a cover of the small energy generator for controlling an inflow and outflow,

13 FIG. 1 shows a further embodiment of a small energy generator with a cross-flow impeller, FIG.

14 FIG. 2: an exemplary further embodiment of a cross-flow impeller, FIG.

15 : an open design of a module,

16 : a further embodiment of a wind module,

17 a sidewall in the form of a lid, and

18 a rotor in the form of a cross-flow impeller.

1 shows a schematic view of a possible arrangement of a wind-powered small power generator 1 which is shown only schematically. This has a rotor 2 , a rotor shaft 3 and connected to it a generator 4 on. The small energy producer 1 is completely in the building material in this way 5 accommodated. The building material is for example a cuboid block. The geometry of the building material depends in particular on the geometry of the other similar building materials, which can be assembled together in a building. An arrangement of the rotor 2 at this first small energy producer 1 is vertical, for example. Will the rotor 2 when it flows, it displaces the rotor shaft 3 in rotation, causing the generator 4 generates a current. This current can then be made available to an electrical memory (not shown here).

2 shows a further embodiment of a second small energy generator 6 in a schematic view. The second small energy producer 6 surrounds the rotor 7 in turn prefers completely and also takes the generator 8th with its generator rotor 8.1 and its generator stator 8.2 on. Furthermore, a first storage 9 and second storage 10 indicated schematically. This can be a fixed-lot storage. According to one embodiment, these can be corresponding ball bearings, for example axial as well as axial / radial ball bearings. The use of other bearings is also possible, for. B. sliding bearings as well as mixed forms of different storage options on the rotor shaft 11 , The rotor is, for example, aligned horizontally according to an arrangement of the building material 12 in a building. The building material 12 may be divisible, for example. This is exemplified by a parting line 13 shown schematically. The respective halves of the building material 12 Thus, for example, they can be inserted into one another. Preferably, these are positively connected to each other. There is also the possibility that a frictional connection exists. These can also be interconnected by appropriate securing means, for. B. by a corresponding flange, by screw, rivet, by gluing or in any other way. Preferably, a compound is non-destructively releasable again. This allows depending on the arrangement in a building a complete exchange, provided that the building material is arranged detachable from the building. This can be made possible for example by appropriate use in a prepared opening and there nondestructive redetachable connection. However, the building material can also be secured so that a release from the building is made possible again only by destroying a retaining fuse. Preferably, an electrical supply and discharge is provided in the building material. A further embodiment may provide that an electrical memory in the building material itself is also arranged with. The same can also apply to an electrical consumer itself.

3 shows a possible embodiment of a use of a plurality of small energy producers 14 , As shown, the respective rotor shafts of each small energy generator 14 be connected to each other. In this way, for example, only a single generator 15 Use with an electrical storage 16 , preferably an accumulator, is connected. The accumulator may comprise an AGM supply battery, a gel supply battery or a common lead-acid supply battery. Any additional necessary electrical or electronic components are not shown in this schematic representation. In particular, these are possible Voltage transformers, voltage-adapting components, fuses, etc. With the electric storage 16 Furthermore, for example, another regenerative module is connected. The regenerative module in this case is a photovoltaic system 17 , The use of the wind-powered small energy generator 14 together with a photovoltaic system 17 in island operation has the advantage that, as a rule, when there is little or no sufficient light for the use of the photovoltaic system 17 is available for generating electrical energy, there is a sufficient wind flow. In this way, both regenerative energy producers can complement each other and provide the same electrical storage with electrical energy. But it can also be used different electrical energy storage. Only an example is an electrical consumer 18 shown in the form of a lighting. Will with the small energy generator 14 For example, generates so much energy that so that lighting in an underground car park or in its other environment can be generated, preferably a lighting means is used, which allows high illumination with low wattage. These can be LEDs in particular.

4 shows a further exemplary arrangement of a small producer 19 in a post-like structure, in particular in a post, a post, a bollard or the like. Here is the small energy generator 19 arranged, for example, in an upper region, in particular in the uppermost region, but can also be arranged at a distance from the bottom, preferably at least 30 cm thereof. The rotor 20 is completely contained in the post. A sheath that is wind permeable, z. B. in the form of a grid provides protection against intervention in the rotor rotation range. Furthermore, there is a generator 21 as well as an accumulator 22 in the post-like structure also arranged with. In this way, a self-sufficient island solution allows, which can be built later, z. B. on roadsides, sidewalks or other areas. In addition, for example, a photovoltaic module may be arranged with, for. B. on a surface of the border of the post-like structure as well as on a peripheral surface.

5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a rotor in the form of a cross-flow impeller 23 , The cross-flow impeller 23 has a variety of blades 24 on. The blades extend inwardly from the outer circumference toward an axis of rotation 25 of the crossflow impeller 23 , The cross-flow impeller 23 can be flowed radially, wherein the air flow is passed through the Querstromlaufrad therethrough. For example, the air flow can emerge opposite again but also be deflected laterally, so that it flows off axially. This is indicated by dashed lines as an example. The cross-flow impeller 23 can be made of plastic, for example. It is also possible to make this aluminum. It can be an injection molded part. It can also be a composite component. For example, different components may consist of different materials. According to one embodiment, for example, a compound of metal and plastic is provided. Here, for example, a support structure is produced by means of the metallic material, while the blades are made of plastic. In this case, use can be found of all plastics which are customary, for example, by injection molding. Also, for example, provided that parts are produced by injection molding, which are subsequently connected to other parts. A further embodiment provides that the Querstromlaufrad 23 is placed on an axle. In this case is in the cross-flow impeller 23 integrated a storage. The storage can be introduced, but can also be formed by materials of Querstromlaufrades itself. Another embodiment provides that the Querstromlaufrad 23 seated on a shaft, which in turn is placed in a storage. Preferably, axle or shaft are part of the cross-flow impeller. These may extend through the entire cross-flow impeller. However, it may be provided as the respective section and only in the front region of the cross-flow rotor axis or shaft.

6 shows a further embodiment of a rotor. The rotor blades 25 as well as a rotor bearing and a connection to a generator 26 is such that starts even at lower wind speeds of the small power generator. It is preferred here that the generator of the diameter is not only smaller than the rotor diameter. It is even preferable that the generator is so spaced from the rotor, that a flow through the rotor by the air flow is not obstructed or hindered. Rather, the generator can 26 Also be arranged separately from the rotor in the component, but also be present in a chamber of the component. There is also the possibility of having a generator 26 only from the outside to the component is arranged.

7 shows a further possible embodiment of a rotor. By way of example, a diameter D as well as a length L are shown schematically on the one hand. The cross-flow impeller shown here 27 according to one embodiment has a larger diameter D than a length L. According to another embodiment, the length L is greater than the diameter D.

8th shows a possible embodiment of a tread design of an impeller example of a cross-flow wheel to be used. These are, for example, backward curved blades.

9 shows in contrast to 8th another curvature of the possible blades. These are forward curved blades that can also be used.

10 shows an exemplary embodiment, a component, such as a building block. This is, for example, flows along the side, wherein a discharge takes place transversely. In the building material itself, for example, a correspondingly dimensioned rotor, for example a cross-flow impeller, may be arranged.

11 shows another inflow and outflow. In this case, both longitudinal sides are flown and driven about the arranged in the building material Querstromlaufrad.

12 again shows a possible embodiment of another additional cover in the form of slats. The lamellar position is variable, for example, which can be the arrival and Abströmungsverhältnisse change. In this way, for example, a control of a rotational speed of the rotor can be made. The slats thus serve as throttling. In principle, such a variable cross-sectional change can be provided according to an embodiment only on one side. As shown, there is also the possibility to provide this at the arrival as well as outflow. Such a change in cross section may also be integrated in the building material itself or as shown here, as an additional component to be arranged on the building material. An operation of the fins in this case, for example, can be done mechanically. For example, this can also be performed via an actuator. Also, for example, this can be done depending on the rotor rotation speed. For example, this may be a coupling between the drive of the slats and the shaft of the rotor and a corresponding fly control. Another possibility for influencing a rotational speed of the rotor consists, for example, of a flywheel regulator arranged on the shaft of the rotor. This can finally be triggered by appropriate deflection of the flyweight controller with increasing rotational speed, a brake that solves again only when an allowable maximum speed is reached.

13 shows a schematic and exemplary view of a further embodiment in which, for example, a following structure of a cross-flow impeller is used:
In a body of the device is a ball-bearing Querstromlaufrad. The body of the module has two side parts, a top part, a bottom part and two end pieces. At the end piece, the longitudinal parts are connected together. Center is located in the respective end piece a receptacle, preferably a hole. In the hole, a bearing is arranged, which is for example buffered, preferably by means of a rubber buffer stored. By means of the buffered storage, the transmission of vibrations and thus the emission can be reduced, if not suppressed as far as possible. On the side of the first side part, in an upper area, there is a wind flow input area, on the opposite side of the second side part, preferably at a different height to the wind flow input area, a wind flow exit area. Preferably, this is completely shifted downwards compared to the input. In front of the flow outlet is a flap that opens from the inside to the outside, preferably depending on the internal air pressure and the wind speed. For this example, adjustable tension springs are provided. As well as in other ways, a self-sufficient operation of a flow change device without electrical energy source can accomplish.

According to one embodiment, the flap directed inward, for example, a straight surface, but may also have a different geometry. On the outside, the flap has a, in particular a conductive profile, supporting the wind flow, for example in the form of a semicircle. The profiling an inflow to the Querstromrad is at least supported, if not increased. The proposed embodiment has the advantage that it can be used from two different directions. If the mow power generator is placed in such a way that it points in the respective main wind directions, it can thus come to particularly high hours of use. A further embodiment provides that the wind is captured via flow guidance paths and supplied to the small energy generator.

As can be seen from the figure, a hollow rail in quarter-round format is attached to an upper edge of the wind flow entrance. This serves as an influx aid for the Windanströmung. In the hollow rail connecting lines for one or more generators, batteries, electrical loads, information and signal lines or other can be arranged. On the second side part is below a comparable structure to what is present at the top on the first side. Thus, the Querstromlaufrad used here can always run in the same direction. Opposite the hollow rail of the first side part is a square tube on the second side part. Such a square tube is arranged, for example, also on the first side part below. The square tube serves to reinforce a stack of small energy producers. Preferably, it can also be used to allow a connection in the longitudinal region of the small power generator with each other.

A wind flow hits the cross-flow impeller preferably in the opening area of the blades, i. H. in an upper or lower portion of the diameter of the Querstromlaufrades. Preferably, a flow is aligned so that it takes place in about about one third of the diameter of the cross-flow impeller. For this purpose, a flow line can be arranged specifically in Maumaterial. Preferably, a wind tunnel is formed, which exerts a flow-guiding and preferably also an accelerating function on the wind stream. For example, it is provided that there is a clearance between a wheel ring of the cross-flow impeller and an upper surface opposite to the cross-flow impeller. According to one embodiment, this distance is between 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably between 1.5 cm and 3.5 cm in size.

A further development provides that at least partially, preferably completely around the rotor, a gap geometry matched to this is present within the building material. For example, an approximately constant, varying gap, in particular a decreasing gap may be present at least along a portion of the circumference of the rotor.

In the illustrated cross-flow impeller, opposing inner surfaces of the building material, in this case the module used with the top and bottom are formed equal to the circumferential course of the cross-flow impeller. In this way, it is possible to transfer the wind flow energy to the crossflow impeller. If in this case a nozzle effect additionally used, for example by means of a cross-sectional constriction, there is an even better transmission of energy from the wind to the cross-flow impeller.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that the rotor is arranged together with storage in a module and the generator in a second module of the building material, preferably the same component. Both modules can be coupled with each other. Likewise, several modules can be coupled, which for example each have a rotor and / or a generator. Also, one or more electrical consumers as well as other components may be accommodated in the building material and in particular in a module. Thus, according to a development, a generator module in height and width equal to the dimensions of a rotor module. This allows, for example, to build a plug-in system. The generator module can be used, for example, horizontally as well as vertically. For example, a generator module, in which the generator is introduced, differ only ur by the dimensions, for example, depending on the arrangement of the generator module due to the dimensions of the generator itself. Preferably, a generator module on a ventilation, so are for example in a generator module one or more ventilation openings, arranged in particular ventilation slots.

Another embodiment provides that, for example, two or more modules are connected together. A generator can be arranged between the modules, so that the coupled rotors of the modules drive the generator together. For this purpose, for example, a module with a generator can also be arranged at one end of a module row or a module stack, for example also at each end of such a stack or such a row a generator, as well as additionally one or more generators in between. This depends, for example, on a height of a module stack or a module row and the energy generated thereby, the desired efficiency, a starting speed and other parameters.

A construction of a coupling of several rotors with a generator can, for example, be designed as follows: three rows of wind modules are connected as a package to a larger generator. The body of each of the three modules is a module that does not differ from the other two. However, due to the coupling of the modules with each other and thus the rotor shafts as well as due to the connection of the generator by means of, for example, another module a top plate as well as a bottom plate for the modules containing the rotors can be the same. A lateral tail is different in each case, or may possibly be omitted. The generator module preferably has only one opening through which the generator can be maintained as well as exchanged. The opening can be closed, for example, by means of a rattle.

Another way of coupling the rotors or rotor shafts, in addition to a direct coupling via the waves, for example, take place in that in each case a toothed belt pulley is arranged on a rotor shaft. Via the toothed belt pulley, a toothed belt is guided over which in turn a generator shaft can be driven. The toothed belt pulleys are driven, for example, by a toothed belt having a width between 2 cm and 0.5 cm, preferably the width is 0.8 cm. The diameter of the Timing belt pulleys are adapted to the starting torque of the generator. The toothed belt is held under pressure by means of one or more toothed belt tensioners. A toothed belt tensioner is located, for example, above a generator between a first and a second wheel, while a drive pulley of the generator is arranged, for example, between the second and a third wheel.

Instead of a toothed belt, another power transmission can take place, for example via a chain drive, by means of friction wheels, via various types of toothing, a planetary gear. It can be a clutch provided, for example, a centrifugal clutch. This can, for example, trigger at too high rotational speeds and lead to a separation of waves. Also, a freewheel can be used. Thus, for example, a co-driving of non-moving rotors, which are connected to each other via the rotor shafts, avoided and these are not entrained.

The proposed small power generator requires in one embodiment, a wind speed of only about 50 to 60 cm / s to start the operation. Even at wind speeds between 1.5 m / s to 2.5 m / s, a considerable amount of energy is delivered via the generator, which can move between 50 to 100 W.

14 shows a constructive solution of a Querstromrads in a schematic view. The crossflow impeller has stabilizations of the blades that extend radially outward along the axis to the blades. The stabilizations can be permeable to air as well as impermeable to air. Furthermore, the cross-flow impeller has a body to which the blades are attached. These can be attached for this purpose, for example, to a ring, which is then attached to the body.

Preferably, the small power generator is used at a height of at least 70 cm, preferably one meter upwards. For example, a wall may be created with such modules. Further possible use is in the form of racks, which are used for example in wind walls, visual protection and noise barriers, in roadway wind walls, for example in the area of bridges, in wall coverings for example car parks, fences in agriculture, in zoos, in restaurants or also for example with private homeowners.

Another embodiment of a module provides that at a wind speed from about 1.4 meters per second, a power of about 300 W is generated. A development provides that, for example, a module is used in which no automatic or otherwise operated flap and / or sliding system is present. Rather, this module can do without such, for example, by a corresponding open construction, as they are made 15 in exemplary meadow emerges. The illustrated module shows a basic structure, as it can be used also with modules with variable inflow cross section. For example, as shown, a symmetrical free flow cross-section to the shaft or, as indicated by dashed lines, an asymmetrically free cross-section of the impeller.

16 shows in an exemplary embodiment, another wind module with dimensions given by way of example in millimeters. The module can thus be used in principle in various configurations or similarly with different dimensions. Thus, a cover is attached to the two sides, preferably made of stainless metal, aluminum or steel. The lid is attached to each square tube, each forming the longitudinal edges of the module. An upper and a lower side of the module can be completed, for example by plates attached to the square frame. A flap is movably mounted on the square frame and can release or close depending on the location of an opening cross-section. Instead of the flap, a slider mechanism or other movable geometry can be used. A feed, in particular a nozzle-like inflow cross section can be effected, for example, by arranging round rods or correspondingly shaped metal sheets.

17 shows an exemplary embodiment of a side wall in the form of a lid. In this mounting options are provided to fasten the components arranged in the module can. For example, slots are arranged in the lid, which can be used as side passages of, for example connecting nipples. Also, adjacent modules can be connected to each other in this way. The slots shown in the lid are arranged, for example, along an inner curve to form a channel wall. Furthermore, the cover has in its outer regions in each case a fastening possibility, for example a bore, for a flap holder. A centrally arranged in the lid area is designed for example for receiving a storage. For example, as shown, for example, a hole may be provided.

18 shows in an exemplary embodiment, a rotor which is used as or similar as an impeller, for example. The impeller is used by the company Punker for fans. The Impeller may be made of aluminum, for example. The specified dimensions are exemplary, but may differ individually or in total. The Querstromlaufrad is preferably arranged horizontally, ie a rotation axis or shaft of the rotor is approximately parallel to the horizon running. The method of utilizing wind by means of the crossflow impeller preferably employs one or more features of the above description.

Preferably, the rotor has a weight of less than 15 kg, in particular less than 10 kg, more preferably less than 8 kg. A starting wind speed is preferably less than 1 m / s, preferably already from 0.5 m / s, the wind energy is utilized for energy conversion by the start of the rotation of the rotor.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 1291868 [0015]
• DE 78961 [0015]

Claims (10)

Wind-powered small energy generator with a rotor which is arranged in a building material to be installed or installed building material of a building. Wind-powered small energy generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor generates electrical current by rotation by means of a generator. Wind-powered small energy generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an inner side of the building material is adapted to an outer periphery of the rotor. Wind-powered small energy generator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotor is a Querstromlaufrad. Wind power small energy generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of which are arranged adjacent to each other and provide a total electrical power. Wind-driven small energy generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a building in the form of a wall or a post has at least one small energy generator as an ingredient. Wind-driven small generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrical memory and at least one electrical consumer are connected thereto. Wind-driven small generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional regenerative energy source is coupled to the small producer. Wind-driven small generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor is completely surrounded by the building material to be installed, wherein the rotor in the building material of at least two sides can be flowed against. Method for exploiting wind energy near ground level, preferably from 0.5 meters, more preferably in a range between 0.5 meters and for example at most 4 meters high, preferably at most 3 meters high, in particular at most 2 meters in height, by means of a Querstromlaufrads.

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