DE102010005325B4 - Arrangement for aligning machine axes of different machine systems - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrangement for aligning machine axes of different machine systems to one another, in which a fixed machine system (1) has at least one movably mounted machine element (12) with a machine axis (11) that is rigidly aligned within a housing part (13) and a machine system (2) to be adjusted with a The machine axis (21) to be aligned in a defined manner to the first machine axis (11) is adjustable by a joint (3) movable in three degrees of freedom of rotation, characterized in that - the joint (3) as a sleeve package (4) with at least two nested sleeves (41, 42 , ...) formed within a rotationally symmetrical recess (232) of a housing part (23) carrying the machine axis (21) to be adjusted, and an alignable adjustment axis (51) is present inside the sleeve package (4), - the at least two sleeves (41 , 42, ...) each have an opening (415; 425) with an opening symmetry axis (411; 421) of the inner surface (41 3; 423) of the sleeve (41; 42) and an outer contour with an axis of contour symmetry (412; 422) of the outer surface (414; 424) of the sleeve (41; 42), with ...

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement for aligning machine axes of different machine systems to each other. It is preferably used for the defined alignment of drive components, such as gears, couplings, screw drives and any other machine elements for force, torque or momentum transfer, especially in side / Höhenrichtantrieben and drive or generator connections in rail vehicles.

In mechanical engineering, there are many possibilities for power transmission. The state of the art of force, torque, or momentum transfer form clutches, gears, screw drives, etc. and transitions between complete drive, gear and motor / generator components. Depending on the requirements of the specific application, there are different ways of storage for aligning with axial deviations between drive and output shaft z. B. on adjustable bearings, joints and flexible elements.

For example, from the DE 36 06 073 A1 a rotary joint for torque transmission, in which in a joint sleeve with rectilinear, partially spherical recesses, an inner joint part with balls allows a relative axial movement.

Other solutions, in which a certain end position is to be fixed, set to adapt the alignment of the axis to housing bearing different fittings, such. B. US Pat. No. 4,307,583 A and EP 016 270 A1 , or make adjustment of an axial offset of eccentric bushings (eg. GB 222 059 A ) Use.

For setting a specific orientation of axes within a storage location are further off US Pat. No. 2,926,032 . US 2,985,474 such as GB 825 265 A special bearing bushings have become known, which have different orientations of their cylindrical inner and outer surfaces, and result in nesting of three such bushings a resilient, arbitrarily alignable and fixable bearing point for rotating shafts or rotating parts.

All of the aforementioned solutions have the disadvantage in common that they can not be used simply and flexibly when assembling machine systems with one another, in which gear engagements do not depend only on rotational degrees of freedom.

The selection of a specific type of storage also depends on various factors, such as the existing forces, the required setting accuracy, the weight, the size or freedom of movement during operation.

The basic technical problem of the invention is shown in a schematic representation of 2 shown in the form of two machine systems ( 1 . 2 ), between which an arbitrarily executed ball joint ( 3 ) as a replacement system for a different alignment of two machine shafts ( 12 . 22 ). Between the machine systems ( 1 . 2 ) takes place at the transfer office ( 24 ) a force, torque and / or momentum transfer instead. For this reason, the machine axes ( 11 . 21 ) be aligned with each other.

In most cases, an alignment of the machine axes ( 11 . 21 ) be required parallel to each other. The machine axes to be aligned ( 11 . 21 ) can - depending on the principle of power transmission - either aligned along a common primary axis or parallel to each other. Likewise, the machine axes ( 11 . 21 ) But also be arranged at a predetermined angle to each other. In any case, a defined force, moment or momentum transfer is to be achieved, in which the machine axes ( 11 . 21 ) and fix each other.

The invention is therefore based on the object to find a new way to align machine axes for force, torque, and / or momentum transfer, with which set the machine axes to be aligned easily adjusted during assembly, d. H. Even with external installation constraints (eg due to base, flange or housing connections) simply move in their desired orientation and then fix it.

According to the invention the object is in an arrangement for aligning machine axes of different machine systems to each other, in which a fixed machine system has at least one movably mounted machine element with rigidly aligned within a housing part machine axis and a machine system to be aligned with a machine axis to be aligned aligned machine axis by a in three degrees of freedom of movement movable joint is achieved, characterized in that the joint is formed as a sleeve package with at least two nested sleeves within a rotationally symmetrical recess of the machine axis to be adjusted bearing housing part and in the interior of the sleeve package a Justierzapfen with alignable alignment axis is present and that at least two Sleeves each having an opening with an opening axis of symmetry of the inner surface of the sleeve and an outer contour with a Contour symmetry axis of the outer surface of the sleeve, wherein the opening axis of symmetry and contour axis of symmetry intersect at a defined angle of inclination and that the machine axis to be aligned movably disposed with fixed alignment within the supporting housing part and is separated from the Justierachse and the Justierachse of a in a rigid positional relationship with the Housing part of fixed fixed machine system connected adjusting pin is fixed, the sleeve package between the Justierzapfen and the rotationally symmetrical recess in which the aligned machine axis bearing housing part of the machine system to be aligned is arranged so that with progressive rotation of at least one of the sleeves to the Justierzapfen and within the housing part located recess to be aligned machine axis is aligned over a tumbling motion of the housing part carrying it.

It proves to be advantageous if the sleeves have different angles of inclination between the respective opening symmetry axis and the contour axis of symmetry, wherein the total of the angles of inclination allows a normal orientation of the machine axis at a defined predetermined angle at which the housing part to be adjusted at exactly one adjustment of the sleeves by the defined predetermined angle deviates from the orthogonal plane to the alignment axis.

In another embodiment of the invention, in which the machine axes of different machine systems are to be aligned parallel to one another, the sleeves expediently have such different angles of inclination between the respective opening symmetry axis and the contour axis of symmetry that the entirety of the inclination angles permits a zero alignment of the machine axis exactly one setting of the sleeves that matches the machine axis to be adjusted bearing housing part with an orthogonal plane to the alignment.

In both aforementioned cases, the sleeves expediently have pairs of matching inclination angles between the respective opening symmetry axis and the contour axis of symmetry.

For all sleeves, the respective opening symmetry axes and contour symmetry axes advantageously have intersection points in the same point of the alignment axis. However, the respective opening symmetry axes and contour axes of individual sleeves can also have points of intersection at different points in or outside the alignment axis.

It is also expedient that the sleeves have orthogonally oriented end faces either to the opening axis of symmetry or to the contour axis of symmetry. In this case, at least one sleeve may have mutually parallel end faces.

However, it may also be expedient for at least one sleeve to have differently oriented end faces.

In an advantageous embodiment, the sleeve package contains at least one purely eccentrically shaped sleeve, in which the opening symmetry axis and the contour axis of symmetry are arranged offset from each other in parallel

For a reversible fixation of the adjusted machine axis, it is expedient if the housing part is composed of two subcomponents, wherein in each subcomponent part of the recess for the Hulsenpaket is formed so that when inserted sleeve package between two sub-components, a gap is present in its reduction by pressurizing orthogonal to the cleavage plane, the sleeve package is clamped within the recess

In a further reversible fixation variant, the housing part is advantageously composed of a base housing part and a pressure plate, wherein in the base housing part, the recess for the Hulsenpaket is conically shaped and the pressure plate has a pressure surface which rests at least on the end face of the innermost sleeve, so that when pressure is applied Pressure plate parallel to the adjustment axis, the sleeves are clamped in the conical recess into each other.

The invention is based on the basic assumption that machine axes of two or more machine components must be aligned with each other and a defined storage between the components to be permanently secured, which is often a permanent rotational movement about a machine axis to be made possible depending on the design. Although the axes to be aligned are usually coaxial or parallel in the ideal state, this can not be achieved in every case - be it by manufacturing tolerances or by linking different machine systems. In such cases it is useful - to avoid unnecessarily high Justieraufwandes or complex reworking of connecting flanges, etc. - useful to arrange adjustable guides in Gehausekomponenten that allow a largely customizable alignment of the machine axes of two machine components and then fixing the guides. Likewise, a later readjustment is possible.

The invention solves the problem by the use of a plurality of sleeve-like bodies, which are suitable because of their special shape - because their respective cylindrical or conical inner and outer surfaces have different non-parallel axis positions - machine elements, such. As input and output shafts for power and torque transmission, defined and permanently adjustable to align each other by the sleeve-like body are rotatable and allow in a housing part (or a chassis or flange or other component) a variable axis alignment. The desired defined axis alignment can then be rigidly fixed by releasable or permanent connections (screwing, pinning, bonding, soldering or welding, etc.) of the sleeve-like body with each other and within the housing part. With a corresponding selection of the angles of the axial positions to each other, the invention can connect the functionality of eccentric bushings, which are only suitable for parallel axis displacement, with an additional angular orientation of machine axes

With the present invention, a coaxial or angular alignment of machine axes for force, torque, and / or momentum transfer can be realized with which set the machine axes to be aligned defined easily during assembly, d. H. even with external installation constraints (eg due to base, flange or housing connections) simply move in their desired orientation and then fix it.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to embodiments and drawings. Showing:

1 FIG. 2: a schematic representation of the invention for aligning a machine axis with respect to an alignment axis using two sleeves, FIG.

2 : the replacement scheme of the underlying problem for coaxial alignment of two machine axes,

• a) an einer orthogonal zur inneren Hülsenbohrung ausgerichteten Stirnfläche,
• b) im Hulseninnern zwischen zwei orthogonal zur inneren Hulsenbohrung ausgerichteten Stirnflachen und
• c) im Hülseninnern zwischen zwei unterschiedlich (nicht orthogonal) zur inneren Hülsenöffnung ausgerichteten Stirnflächen der Hülsenanordnung,

3 three embodiments of the invention with two sleeves, in which the axes of symmetry of inner and outer surfaces of the sleeves intersect at different points, with the intersection of machine axis and Justierachse

• a) on an orthogonal to the inner sleeve bore aligned end face,
• b) in Hulseninnern between two orthogonal to the inner Hulsenbohrung aligned end faces and
• c) in the sleeve interior between two different (not orthogonal) to the inner sleeve opening aligned end faces of the sleeve assembly,

4 two Justierzustande a design form of the invention as a two-sleeve execution concentric arrangement of the outer surface of the outer sleeve to the inner surface of the inner sleeve a) in normal position, so-called zero alignment, the alignment axis and b) at maximum adjustable tilt angle of the contour axis of the second sleeve after the outer sleeve has been twisted 180 °;

5 an embodiment of the invention with four shells, provided in tight spatial distance specifications for the parallel alignment of the machine axis to the alignment axis, shown at zero alignment of the four sleeves),

6 a further embodiment of the invention with four sleeves, provided at tight spatial distance specifications for the alignment of two machine axes at a defined angle to each other,

7 three possible adjustment states of a guide bushing for a machine shaft at a) exactly parallel, b) convergent and c) divergent real position of the axial direction of the machine shaft to the alignment axis,

8th two variants for fixing the adjusted sleeve package by mechanical jamming between a) separate subcomponents of the housing part, which are braced orthogonal to the adjusting axis, and b) a base housing part with a conical recess and a pressure plate orthogonal to the adjusting axis, which are clamped along the adjusting axis

To explain the technical problem, we will first refer to the schematic diagram in 2 Be referred.

Between two machine systems 1 and 2 , each own rotating or sliding, but directionally fixed along the machine axes 11 respectively. 21 stored waves 12 and 22 as well as rigidly predetermined housing components 13 and 23 be at a (unspecified) transfer point 24 implemented a force, torque and / or momentum transfer. For a low-shear and low-voltage coupling, the machine axes must 11 and 21 be aligned with each other.

In most cases, gearboxes are to be coupled with each other by machine technology 12 and 22 (Such as drive shafts, bearing shafts, transmission shafts, etc.) aligned coaxially or parallel to each other.

According to the schematic diagram of 2 should be the machine shafts to be aligned 12 and 22 on the same machine axis 11 can be aligned, but could also be aligned in parallel to be aligned 11 and 21 different machine systems 1 and 2 but also be aligned at any angle to each other.

For the purpose of the desired alignment of the machine axes 11 and 21 is in 2 for the necessary directional adjustment between the housing parts 13 and 23 a stylized ball joint 3 installed as a "replacement module" for possible mobility in all three rotational degrees of freedom. This results in the axis assumed to be fixed 11 lying orthogonal plane 34 Free pivoting movements around the center of the ball joint 3 leading to a similar pivotal movement of the machine axis 21 of the machine system to be adapted 2 leads.

This illustration only serves to facilitate understanding that the adjustment method according to the invention basically exists between several machine systems 1 . 2 etc. takes place, even if in the following only the orientation of a machine axis 21 of the machine system 2 opposite a reference axis (in 2 , Swivel pin 31 ) in parallel position to the machine axis 11 of the machine system assumed to be fixed 1 is treated. The orientation in "parallel position" is considered as an example and can in a broader sense also an orientation under an arbitrarily defined angle to the fixed machine axis 11 mean. Through the ball joint 3 from 2 (As a universal replacement system for axis movements in the three rotational degrees of freedom) is the mechanically problem to solve in the alignment of machine axes 11 and 21 any systems 1 and 2 are shown to each other

The ball joint axis 31 In doing so, one of them is anchored to the fixed machine system (eg via a flange connection) 1 (only with low translational tolerance) predetermined or established connection, the fixed to the machine system 1 rigidly attached joint foot 32 of the ball joint 3 ("Replacement module") corresponds. The condyle 33 then puts over a housing part 23 (or multiple linked components) of the machine system 2 the free mobility of the machine axis 21 ago.

The ball joint axis 31 - In the following explanations of the invention as Justierachse 51 is always located in annahernder parallel position to actually aligned machine axis 21 and in absolutely rigid - with coaxial or parallel alignment of machine axes 11 and 21 - Exact parallel position to (as firmly assumed) machine axis 11 ,

Depending on the desired execution of the mobility of the storage of machine shafts 12 and 22 within the housing components 13 and 23 is thus a permanent translatory or rotary movement around the machine axes 11 and 21 possible, with the set orientation of the "replacement module" ball joint 3 should be rigid fixable. This usually fails the simple ball joint 3 especially if the orientation of the machine axes 11 and 21 for large force application, shock load or multiple readjustments (eg gear, bearing change) should be suitable.

The inventive arrangement consists in its basic structure - according to the representation in 1 - from a sleeve package 4 with several nested sleeve-like bodies, which are subsequently simplified as Hulsen 41 . 42 , ... etc. and in an alignable machine axis to be aligned 21 leading housing part 23 in a rotationally symmetrical (cylindrical to conical) recess (recess 232 - only in 5 - 7 designated) are embedded.

The pods 41 and 42 for adjustment have cylindrical or slightly conically shaped inner and outer surfaces, wherein the sleeves 41 and 42 rotatable into each other and each with respect to an inner and an outer adjustment body, the sleeve package 4 touch inside or outside, are rotatably arranged

The inner adjusting body is an adjusting pin 5 , such as As a wave or a bolt 52 (not in 1 referred to), and the outer adjustment body usually a housing part 23 in which the machine axis to be aligned 21 is stored. The housing part 23 stands only for a theoretical minimum configuration, which can also be a construction of several components

The basic shape of the sleeves 41 and 42 is in 3 and 4 for a two-sleeve execution of the sleeve package 4 shown.

Inside the sleeves 41 . 42 there is a respective cylindrical opening 415 . 425 (eg a hole) whose axis of symmetry (opening axis of symmetry) 411 . 421 with a second symmetry axis (contour axis of symmetry 412 . 422 ) of the outer contour (outer surface 414 . 424 ) of the sleeve 41 . 42 a defined angle (inclination angle 417 . 427 )

The respective intersection 416 . 426 the opening symmetry axis 411 . 421 and contour symmetry axis 412 . 422 can be such that it is outside or - as in 3a and 3c chosen - within the sleeve 41 . 42 or exactly in their frontal plane, as in 3b shown, lies.

The tilt angle 417 . 427 , under which the respective opening symmetry axis 411 . 421 and the contour symmetry axis 412 . 422 can cut each sleeve 41 . 42 etc. arbitrarily and for the individual Hulsen 41 . 42 etc. are chosen differently large. They depend on the axis inclination of the machine axes to be realized 12 and should take into account that the axis pitch - if a parallel position of the machine axis 21 to the alignment axis 51 is specified as "standard state" - also "to zero" must be adjustable. Is the angle of inclination 417 between opening and contour axis of symmetry 411 and 412 the first sleeve 41 different from the angle of inclination 427 between opening and contour symmetry axis 421 and 422 the second sleeve 42 , so let a "zero setting" as a standard state only by adding at least one other Hulse 43 ( 44 etc.)

Bleed when using only two sleeves 41 and 42 (according to 1 . 3 and 4 ) both openings 415 respectively. 425 the sleeves 41 . 42 at the same angles of inclination 417 respectively. 427 to the respective contour axis of symmetry 412 respectively. 422 , the adjustability is from 0 ° to a maximum of twice the inclination angle 417 . 427 possible.

When using multiple sleeves 41 . 42 . 43 , etc. in a sleeve package 4 as it is in 5 and 6 is shown, a multiplication of the setting options occurs. Adjustments of the machine axis 21 are then multiple and independent within the plane of the drawing and perpendicular to it, ie in the cutting plane of the Justierzapfens 5 along the alignment axis 51 as well as the orthogonal plane 53 to the alignment axis 51 , possible.

5 and 6 show the use of four pods 41 to 44 , In the orientation AA are the hulsen 41 to 44 oriented so that the alignment axis 51 and the machine axis 21 are arranged in parallel. With a twisting of the hulls 42 . 43 and 44 The machine axis tilts 21 in the plane of the drawing and also out of the plane of the drawing 5 , in which the opening, angle and axis designations 4 are to take over, the inclination angle 417 . 427 . 437 etc. of the openings 415 . 425 . 435 etc. (ie the opening symmetry axes 411 . 421 , ... to the associated contour axes of symmetry 412 . 422 , ...) are coordinated with each other so that they become a "zero alignment", ie a parallel position of the machine axis 21 to the alignment axis 51 , can compensate.

The same applies analogously for 6 , where here the "zero" orientation to a defined (deviating from the parallel position) standard position of the machine axis 21 to the alignment axis 51 is related.

The four-sleeve versions expand the adjustment space compared to the use of two sleeves 41 and 42 , With four sleeves 41 to 44 can the machine axis 21 in two Cartesian levels completely independent and steplessly aligned.

Also useful is a combination with one or two pure eccentric sleeves (not shown) for the lateral displacement (offset) of the machine axis 21 within the orthogonal plane 53 and at least two more pods 42 . 43 , ... for angular alignment (tilting) of the machine axis 21 ,

With a cylindrical shape of the inner surfaces 413 . 423 . 433 etc. and the outer surfaces 414 . 424 . 434 etc. of the hulsen 41 . 42 . 43 etc., a stepless adjustability is ensured. However, it is also possible to choose frustoconical, polygonal, toothed or other cylinder-like shaped inner and outer surfaces. Likewise, a multi-part execution of the sleeves 41 . 42 . 43 etc., for example as Hulsenhälften possible.

Inside the cylindrical opening 415 the first sleeve 41 may be a rotating or oscillating or longitudinal movement of a machine shaft 22 occur. Depending on the load profile and application, the contact surface in the opening 415 on which the movement takes place, with or without lubrication.

The arrangement according to the invention is not limited to certain materials, but the choice of material is made depending on the load in the concrete application. Conceivable materials are plastics, metals, eg. As iron, copper, aluminum and their alloys and any other suitable materials. There are also material combinations within a sleeve package 4 possible.

Based on 1 Now the execution of the components in the use of two adjusters (sleeves 41 and 42 ). The following elements with function assignments are used

For the embodiment of the adjustment axis 51 becomes an adjusting pin 5 for storage and eventual rotational movement of the housing part 23 used, which is rigid with a machine periphery, z. B. the assumed machine system 1 (as 2 as a machine part 13 shown) is connected.

The adjusting pin 5 surrounds a first sleeve 41 , due to their shape when rotated around the adjusting pin 5 to tilt for alignment the machine axis 21 used housing parts 23 opposite the adjusting pin 5 (and thus with respect to the machine system 1 ) leads.

A second sleeve 42 that the first sleeve 41 surrounds, carries by rotation around the first Hulse 41 also for tilt adjustment of the housing part 23 at.

The housing part 23 surrounds the second sleeve 42 and represents the machine system 2 , whose machine axis 21 to the machine axis 11 of the machine system 1 (only in 2 drawn) to be aligned, and serves as storage and management of the machine shaft to be aligned 22 ,

In the already mentioned above zero alignment both sleeves become 41 and 42 by turning against the adjusting pin 5 aligned so that the machine axis 21 parallel to the alignment axis 51 extends

The housing part 23 is with a hole 232 provided, wherein in zero alignment, the axis of symmetry 231 the bore 232 and the alignment axis 51 of the adjusting pin 5 run parallel. The outer surface 424 the second sleeve 42 is in this embodiment of the invention, a straight circular cylinder, suitable for drilling 232 in the housing section 32 ,

Within the second hulse 42 was (eg by shaping, drilling, cutting process o. Ä.) An opening 425 generated, whose axis of symmetry 421 on the contour axis of symmetry 422 the outer surface 424 the sleeve 42 begins and then at a defined angle of inclination 427 to the contour axis of symmetry 422 runs. In addition, the second Hulse 42 perpendicular to the axis of symmetry 422 be executed slotted.

Adapted to the opening 425 in the second sleeve 42 has the first sleeve 41 a complementary cylindrical outer surface 414 on. The opening 415 the first sleeve 41 is suitable for the diameter of the cylindrical adjusting pin 5 executed.

The adjusting pin 5 is - as already mentioned above - on a peripheral machine system 1 attached. But he can also be one directly on the machine system 1 or any cylindrical component formed on any machine periphery.

On the adjusting pin 5 the sleeves sit 41 and 42 , against each other and against the adjusting pin 5 are rotatable so that the housing part 23 and thus the fixed machine axis 21 with progressive rotation of the sleeves 41 and 42 a wobbling movement with respect to the alignment axis 51 To run.

Possibilities for basic design of the sleeves 41 . 42 are in 3 and 4 shown. The hulks 41 and 42 are each with an opening 415 . 425 Mistake. As in below 3a -C shown, there are many ways of arranging the openings 415 . 425 , According to the drawing 3a to 3c There are some possibilities for the principal execution of the pods 41 . 42 etc. presented as adjustment axis 34 and machine axis 12 set appropriately and as the faces of the sleeves 41 . 42 to be elected.

The 3a and 3b show for the pods 41 . 42 different positions where the symmetry axis 411 the inner surface 413 the first pulse 41 the axis of symmetry 422 the outer surface 424 cuts. Furthermore, in 3c the orientation of the faces of both sleeves 41 and 42 varied. The tilt angle 417 and 427 between the symmetry axes 411 and 412 the first sleeve 41 and the axes of symmetry 421 and 422 the first pulse 42 are in 3a and 3b equal. Furthermore, the opening symmetry axes also intersect 411 . 421 the inner surfaces 413 . 423 the two sleeves 41 . 42 in the same point with the alignment axis 51 Conceivable, however, are also implementations in which the intersections 415 . 425 the opening symmetry axes 411 . 421 the interior surfaces 413 . 423 not in a common point on the alignment axis 51 meet and / or lie outside the body.

In 3b is the opening 415 the first sleeve 41 additionally from the contour axis of symmetry 412 shifted laterally. Through this positioning of the opening 415 arises during the rotation of the sleeves 41 . 42 to each other a lateral displacement of the machine axis 21 , The machine axis 21 can therefore in addition to their tilting 54 infinitely shifted and locked in the desired position.

In 3c is the orientation of the faces 451 and 542 the hulks 41 . 42 across from 3a and 3b , which at the zero alignment to each other plane-parallel faces 451 and 542 have changed. The first frontal area 451 is orthogonal to the contour axis of symmetry 422 the second sleeve 42 arranged and the second end face 542 has an orthogonal orientation to the contour axis of symmetry 412 the first sleeve on.

Further, the inclination angles 417 . 427 the openings 415 . 425 in both cases 41 and 42 same, the opening symmetry axes 411 . 421 the two sleeves 41 . 42 intersect at the same point with the alignment axis 51 ,

However, implementations are also possible, in which the intersections 416 . 426 the opening symmetry axes 411 and 421 the sleeves 41 and 42 not in a common point on the alignment axis 34 cutting, whereby the shape and size of the setting space can be changed and adapted to specific requirements.

In 4a right is a top view of the front pages 541 the two sleeves 41 and 42 and on the left is a longitudinal section along the contour axis of symmetry 412 the first sleeve 41 with the integration into the machine part 23 In this illustration are the Hulsen 41 and 42 locked so that the contour axis of symmetry 422 the outer surface 424 the second sleeve 42 and the alignment axis 51 parallel to each other and a minimum lateral offset relative to the contour axis of symmetry 422 the sleeve outer surface 424 in the zero alignment (in parallel position of the machine axis 21 to the alignment axis 51 ) is available.

By a rotation of the second sleeve 42 by 180 °, the two representations of 4b (again as a top view of the face 451 and maintaining axial section plane along the contour axis of symmetry 412 the first sleeve 41 ). From the sole 180 ° turn of the second sleeve 42 according to the left axial section of 4b results opposite the opening symmetry axis 411 the first sleeve 41 a desired tilting of the contour axis of symmetry 422 the second sleeve 42 to which the machine axis to be aligned 21 - Forced by the machine part 23 - lies in parallel direction. As a result, results for the stationary in the housing part 23 guided machine axis 21 a tilt angle 54 opposite the orthogonal plane 53 to the alignment axis 51 , The tilt amount 428 the contour symmetry axis 422 the second sleeve 42 about whose length is in the right top view of 4b expelled

As seen from the right top view of 4b can be seen, arises at the sole 180 ° rotation of the second sleeve 42 but also an offset 429 the contour symmetry axis 422 the second sleeve 42 opposite the opening symmetry axis 411 the first sleeve 41 , at the same time the alignment axis 51 represents.

In this design of the sleeves 41 and 42 according to 4a and 4b At the same time, an axis offset occurs at each defined sleeve rotation, so that with different angular settings of the sleeves 41 and 42 in each case the axial offset 429 (in amount and direction) can be influenced. This coupled setting of tilt angles 54 and misalignment 429 is useful if the maximum compensation space is limited to the setting, but a maximum angle adjustability is required.

In the presentation of 7a are the pods 41 and 42 oriented so that the alignment axis 51 and the machine axis 21 parallel in space. Also considered in the representation plane, alignment axis run 51 and machine axis 21 parallel to each other With this setting, the zero alignment is realized and it can be a stepless alignment of the machine axis 21 up to a maximum tilt angle 54 be made The tilt angle 54 , in the magnitude and spatial direction by the current position of the (in this example: same selected) angle of inclination 417 and 427 between opening and contour axes of symmetry 411 . 412 respectively. 421 . 422 the sleeves 41 and 42 is determined, results in continuous systematic rotation of the sleeves 41 and 42 to each other and posted the recess 232 of the machine part 23 a wobble about the zero alignment of the machine axis 21 out.

The latter statement applies in the same way also for Hulsenpakete 4 with more than two pods 41 . 42 . 43 , etc., wherein thereby the spatial direction of the desired amount of the tilt angle 54 better decoupled let adjust.

By a rotation of the first sleeve 41 180 ° results in the axis orientation according to 7b , The machine axis 21 is there, with respect to the plane of the drawing, to the alignment axis 51 maximally inclined. All adjustment angles between 0 ° to 180 ° or 180 ° to 360 ° become in interaction with the second sleeve 42 realized. Will the first sleeve 41 not completely turned up to 180 °, the machine axis became 21 tilt out of the plane of the drawing, this tendency can be by turning the second sleeve 42 be compensated

To the housing part 23 in a different position, now becomes the second sleeve 42 also 180 ° from the location 7a twisted This turns the orientation accordingly 7c one in which the machine axis 21 according to the orientation according to 7b , with reference to the zero alignment of 7a , is swung opposite.

With these figures, the operation of the inventive arrangement should be apparent. In the same way, the housing part 32 also be inclined vertically with respect to the plane of the drawing by 90 ° and 270 ° twisting of the sleeves 41 and 42 from the zero alignment ( 7a ).

So that the desired setting position of the machine axis 21 After its desired alignment by suitable rotation of the sleeves 41 . 42 . 43 etc., is maintained permanently, the sleeves used for alignment 41 . 42 . 43 , etc. and the housing part 23 (eg housing, flange, bearings, etc.) for storing the machine shaft 22 finally locked firmly to each other. The housing part 23 and the sleeves used 41 . 42 . 43 etc. are after completion of the adjustment of the machine axis 21 in the desired position by suitable fixing measures rigidly connected to each other A readjustment with subsequent re-fixation can be provided when reversible fasteners are selected.

A possibility of secure locking against unwanted twisting of the sleeves 41 . 42 , ... consists in the use of polygon surfaces (not drawn) as inner surfaces 413 . 423 , ... and external surfaces 414 . 424 , ... or their teeth (not shown) and in a resulting stepwise latching axial insertion of the sleeves 41 . 42 etc. in the equally shaped recess 232 , In such an embodiment of the sleeves 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 is in addition the already mentioned above (only in 7 and 8b drawn) conical basic shape of the inner and outer surfaces 413 . 423 etc. 414 . 424 etc. can be used advantageously.

Further fixation measures for the hulsen 41 . 42 etc. are given by pinning, screwing, jamming etc. (reversible) or can be done by gluing, welding, soldering or similar irreversible material connections, combinations of which are possible.

In a preferable reversible fixation variant of the jamming of the sleeves 41 . 42 etc., as in 8a for only two pods 41 . 42 is shown - consists of the housing part 23 from several parts (in the example shown: two subcomponents 233 and 234 ), between which the recess 232 for the sleeve package 4 is formed and in the finished adjusted sleeves 41 . 42 , ... all are jammed together The recess 232 is cylindrical in this case, with each subcomponent 233 and 234 Part of the recess 232 is incorporated so that the side of the inserted Hulsenpaket 4 between the subcomponents 233 and 234 A gap 235 remains so that by orthogonal to the cleavage plane on the two subcomponents 233 and 234 applied forces (eg by screwing on both sides of the recess 232 ) the jamming of the Hulsenpaketes 4 is reached.

An alternative design of the sleeve clamping shows 8b in which the recess 232 in a basic housing part 236 is conically shaped and also preferably all sleeves 41 . 42 , ... in the sleeve package 4 have at least one conical outer surface In this embodiment, the sleeves 41 . 42 , ... by means of a pressure plate 237 in the conically shaped recess 232 pressed, with a limited pressure surface 238 the printing plate 237 on the frontal surfaces 45 the sleeves 41 . 42 etc. (preferably only on the innermost first sleeve 41 ). Thus, the entire sleeve package 4 in the base housing part 236 jammed when the pressure plate 237 against the basic housing part 236 is pressed (braced).

The function of the printing plate 237 with the printing surface 238 may also be modified in a modified embodiment by the end face of the head of a Justierbolzens 52 as he is in 7a -C is drawn, (or its countermother) are taken over.

• – große Kraftübertragungsflächen (großer als z. B. bei einem Kugelgelenkt 3),
• – hohe Steifigkeit bei großter Einstellfreiheit des Kippwinkel 54,
• – größere Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Vibration und Stöße (als bei einem Kugelgelenk 3),
• – einfacher Aufbau und einfache Fertigung,
• – einfache Handhabung bei der Justierung durch definierte Hülsendrehungen,
• – Identifikation der Hülsenorientierung durch eine Skala an den Hülsenstirnflächen 541, 542 möglich,
• – ungehinderte rotatorische oder Gleitbewegung der Maschinenelemente 22 in der einjustierten Maschinenachse 21 moglich,
• – weitgehend wartungsfreie Ausführung moglich,
• – einfache Nachrüstung in vorhandenen Maschinensystemen 1, 2 möglich,
• – mehrfache Nach-/Neujustierung möglich.

With the arrangements described above, the following advantages are achieved:

• - Large force transmission surfaces (larger than, for example, a ball steering 3 )
• - high rigidity with great freedom of adjustment of the tilt angle 54 .
• - greater resistance to vibration and shocks (as with a ball joint 3 )
• - simple construction and simple production,
• - easy handling during adjustment by defined tube rotations,
• - Identification of the sleeve orientation by a scale on the sleeve end faces 541 . 542 possible,
• - Unimpeded rotational or sliding movement of the machine elements 22 in the adjusted machine axis 21 possible,
• - largely maintenance-free design possible,
• - Easy retrofitting in existing machine systems 1 . 2 possible,
• - Multiple readjustment / readjustment possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Machine system (fixed)

11

machine axis

12

machine shaft

13

housing part

2

Machine system (to adjust)

21

machine axis

22

machine shaft

23

housing part

231

Symmetry axis (the recess 232 for sleeve package 4 )

232

Recess (for sleeve package 4 )

233, 234

subcomponents

235

gap

236

Basisgehauseteil

237

printing plate

238

pressure Flat

24

transfer Agent

3

ball joint

31

Swivel pin

32

Hinged

33

joint head

34

Orthogonal plane (to the ball joint axis 31 )

4

sleeve package

41, 42

(first, second) sleeve

411, 421

Opening symmetry axis

412, 422

Contour symmetry axis

413, 423

palm

414, 424

outer surface

415, 425

opening

416, 426

Intersection (the opening and contour axes of symmetry)

417, 427

Inclination angle (between opening and contour axes of symmetry)

428

Inclination amount (the contour symmetry axis 422 over the sleeve length)

429

Offset of the contour symmetry axis (at 180 ° rotation of sleeve 42 )

43, 44

(third, fourth) sleeve

45

face

451

first face (s) [of the sleeve (s)]

452

second end surface (s) [of the sleeve (s)]

5

adjusting pin

51

boresight

52

Adjustment Bolts

53

Orthogonal plane (to the alignment axis 51 )

54

Tilt angle (the machine axis 12 )

Claims (13)

Arrangement for aligning machine axes of different machine systems to each other, in which a fixed machine system ( 1 ) at least one movably mounted machine element ( 12 ) with within a housing part ( 13 ) rigidly aligned machine axis ( 11 ) and a machine system to be adjusted ( 2 ) with one to the first machine axis ( 11 ) machine axis to be aligned ( 21 ) by a joint movable in three rotational degrees of freedom ( 3 ) is adjustable, characterized in that - the joint ( 3 ) as a sleeve package ( 4 ) with at least two nested sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) within a rotationally symmetric recess ( 232 ) of a machine axis to be adjusted ( 21 ) carrying housing part ( 23 ) and inside the sleeve package ( 4 ) an alignable alignment axis ( 51 ), - the at least two sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) one opening each ( 415 ; 425 ) having an opening symmetry axis ( 411 ; 421 ) of the inner surface ( 413 ; 423 ) of the sleeve ( 41 ; 42 ) and an outer contour with a contour axis of symmetry ( 412 ; 422 ) of the outer surface ( 414 ; 424 ) of the sleeve ( 41 ; 42 ), wherein the opening symmetry axis ( 411 ; 421 ) and contour axis of symmetry ( 412 ; 422 ) at a defined angle of inclination ( 417 ; 427 ), and - the machine axis to be aligned ( 21 ) movable, with fixed alignment within the housing part carrying them ( 23 ) and from the alignment axis ( 51 ) and the alignment axis ( 51 ) of one in a rigid positional relationship with the housing part ( 13 ) of the fixed machine system ( 1 ) connected adjusting pin ( 5 ) is fixed, the sleeve package ( 4 ) between the adjusting pin ( 5 ) and the rotationally symmetrical recess ( 232 ) in which the machine axis to be aligned ( 21 ) carrying housing part ( 23 ) of the machine system to be aligned ( 2 ) is arranged so that as the rotation of at least one of the sleeves ( 41 ; 42 ) around the adjusting pin ( 5 ) and within the housing part ( 23 ) located recess ( 232 ) the machine axis to be adjusted ( 21 ) via a tumbling motion of the housing part carrying it ( 23 ) is aligned. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) different angles of inclination ( 417 . 427 , ...) between the respective opening symmetry axis ( 411 ; 421 ; ...) and the contour axis of symmetry ( 412 ; 422 ; ...), the totality of the inclination angles ( 417 . 427 , ...) at a defined predetermined angle a normal orientation of the machine axis ( 21 ), with exactly one setting of the sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) that the machine axis to be adjusted ( 21 ) carrying housing part ( 23 ) by the defined predetermined angle from the orthogonal plane ( 53 ) to the alignment axis ( 51 ) deviates. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) different angles of inclination ( 417 . 427 , ...) between the respective opening symmetry axis ( 411 ; 421 ; ...) and the contour axis of symmetry ( 412 ; 422 ; ...), the totality of the inclination angles ( 417 . 427 , ...) a zero orientation of the machine axis to be aligned ( 21 ), with exactly one setting of the sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) that the machine axis to be adjusted ( 21 ) carrying housing part ( 23 ) with an orthogonal plane ( 53 ) to the alignment axis ( 51 ) matches. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) pairwise matching angles of inclination ( 417 . 427 ) between the respective opening symmetry axis ( 411 ; 421 ) and the contour symmetry axis ( 412 ; 422 ) exhibit. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective Opening symmetry axes ( 411 ; 421 ) and contour symmetry axes ( 412 ; 422 ) of all sleeves ( 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 ) Intersections ( 416 . 426 ) in the same point of the alignment axis ( 51 ) exhibit. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective opening symmetry axes ( 411 ; 421 ) and contour symmetry axes ( 412 ; 422 ) of individual sleeves ( 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 ) Intersections ( 416 . 426 ) in different points of the adjustment axis ( 51 ) exhibit. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective opening symmetry axes ( 411 ; 421 ) and contour symmetry axes ( 412 ; 422 ) of individual sleeves ( 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 ) Intersections ( 416 . 426 ) outside the alignment axis ( 51 ) exhibit. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) either to the opening symmetry axis ( 411 ; 421 ) or the contour symmetry axis ( 412 ; 422 ) orthogonally oriented faces ( 451 . 452 ) exhibit. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one sleeve ( 41 . 42 , ...) parallel aligned end faces ( 451 . 452 ) having. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one sleeve ( 41 . 42 , ...) differently oriented faces ( 451 . 452 ) having. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve package ( 4 ) at least one purely eccentric sleeve ( 41 . 42 ; 43 . 44 ), in which the opening symmetry axis ( 411 ; 421 ) and the contour axis of symmetry ( 412 ; 422 ) are arranged offset parallel to each other. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing part ( 23 ) consists of two subcomponents ( 233 . 234 ), where in each subcomponent ( 233 ; 234 ) a part of the recess ( 232 ) for the sleeve package ( 4 ) is formed so that when inserted sleeve package ( 4 ) between both subcomponents ( 233 . 234 ) A gap ( 235 ), when it is reduced by pressurizing both subcomponents ( 233 ; 234 ) orthogonal to the cleavage plane the sleeve package ( 4 ) within the recess ( 232 ) is clamped. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing part ( 23 ) from a base housing part ( 236 ) and a pressure plate ( 236 ), wherein in the base housing part ( 237 ) the recess ( 232 ) for the sleeve package ( 4 ) is conically shaped and the pressure plate ( 237 ) a printing surface ( 238 ), which at least on the end face ( 54 ) of the innermost first sleeve ( 41 ) rests, so that when pressure is applied to the printing plate ( 237 ) parallel to the alignment axis ( 51 ) the sleeves ( 41 . 42 , ...) in the conical recess ( 232 ) are stuck together.

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