DE102009060558A1 - Generating reusable material component made from an expanded, harmful material with hydrocarbons, comprises e.g. bringing together the expanded building materials with hot slag, breaking down the mixture into carbon and water - Google Patents

Abstract

Generating at least one reusable material component made from an expanded, harmful material with hydrocarbon, comprises: (i) bringing together the expanded building material with a hot slag; (ii) breaking down the mixture of slag and building materials or covering the hot slag at least on the building material comprising harmful hydrocarbons into carbon and water and rendering harmless, and at least partially melting the slag with an inert or a mineral material of the building material; and (iii) supplying the cooled slag together with the harmful components of freed building materials. Generating at least one reusable material component made from an expanded, harmful material with hydrocarbon, e.g. oils, fuels, tars, pitches or similar component comprising mixtures of building material, comprises: (i) bringing together the expanded building material with a hot slag from metal smelting as a mixture; (ii) breaking down the mixture of slag and building materials by a high-flash point, sudden impact or covering the hot slag at least on the building material comprising harmful hydrocarbons into carbon and water and rendering harmless without formation of toxic gases, and at least partially melting the slag with an inert or mineral materials of the building material; and (iii) supplying the cooled slag together with the harmful components of freed building materials for further use. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the method, comprising an absorbing form for a hot slag and the expanded building material, an addition device or dosing device and a linkage with at least one of the unit e.g. a suction, a transportation means, a conveying means, a harmful substance elimination device, a process control or a crushing system at the site of attack or processing the slag.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a method and a device for generating at least one reusable substance component from dismantled, harmful substances containing building material mixtures, regardless of where this mixture of building materials come from.

State of the art

Dismantled building materials containing harmful substances fall z. As in so-called Ausbauasphalten from road construction, wherein pitch or similar components and the so-called tars are included, which are generally to be understood as environmentally harmful hydrocarbon compounds.

The expanded material mix such as Ausbauasphalte, also called recycled asphalts, z. B. obtained by milling or luffing of bituminous paving. The reusable components are then used as granules for the Neuasphalte to be produced.

It was already decades ago in accordance with z. As the patents DE 26 23 574 and 36 32 709 for asphalt road construction, in addition to the binder bitumen plasticized coal tar pitches used to obtain more flexible pavements with supposedly better deformation resistance. However, this stated resistance to deformation can not be improved by coal tar pitch, which is not to be further elaborated here.

After the required expansion of these asphalt roads and their reuse as granules to be added to the new asphalt mixture, the experts were concerned, for. B. according to the DE 39 23 693 C2 to provide a process for the environmentally sound recycling of pitched excavated asphalt to reduce the release of pollutants containing the pitches. In the production of Neuasphalte therefore the pitch-containing granules were, inter alia, wrapped with a cationic bitumen emulsion Other solutions saw - such. B. in the DE 197 40 842 A1 discloses - in the reprocessing of polluted road materials, to comminute the building material to a particle size of <4 mm, to mix the comminuted building material in a preferred ratio with sand, to displace this mixture with a defined amount of a scrubbing solution, to mechanically agitate this suspension, Skim off non-soluble constituents and separate the sand from the pollutant-containing suspension.

Despite these measures, the pollutants containing pitch could not be eliminated in an environmentally sound way; they recommence, but must never be reused in asphalt mixing plants in hot mixtures. Since these pitch-laden pollutants release polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), they are classified as hazardous to health. They form a group of hydrocarbon compounds consisting of several interconnected benzene rings.

Currently, pitch-containing upgrading materials u. a. selected from the asphalt cycle and i. d. R. hydraulically installed with cement as a binder in suitable construction measures as support layers eluiersicher. As a result, however, again by the addition of cement a mass increase and eventually these building materials are in turn for expansion and must be disposed of again.

Internally known are currently thermal recycling plants in which the pitch-containing expansion materials in an annealing drum at about 400-650 K gassed and destroyed in a post-combustion at 850-1500 K, the resulting pollutants. In another system, the aromatic hydrocarbons are destroyed at temperatures of about 850 K.

Although it is possible to eliminate the said pollutants to a certain extent, but with a high technological, constructive and energetic effort.

Nevertheless, it seems sensible to supply these expansion materials described above to a thermal utilization in order to eliminate the pollutant and Pechanteile.

A look at the additives added to the asphalt mixtures shows that for years crushed slag from the metal smelting u. a. To increase the grip of the asphalt mixtures is added in a proven manner.

For example, in the published patent application DE 28 55 277 indicated that mixed broken blast furnace slag with a bitumen dispersion mixed. Possibly. this must first be heated to at least 100 ° C.

Another look at the exploitation of high slag temperatures shows only that these energetically z. B. were used as waste heat for different processes.

Dismantled building materials containing harmful substances may also be incurred during the dismantling / dissolution of gas stations, tank farms or storage facilities of media, where the underfloors to be removed, sands, foundations, etc. Contaminated contaminants such. As so-called mineral oil hydrocarbons (MKW) included, which may not get back into the reprocessing process or environmentally friendly to destroy or dispose of.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention is based on the object from dismantled building material mixtures containing pollutants such as hydrocarbons in general, as z. B. as pitch-containing components in Ausbauasphalten or as degraded, contaminated subsoils, sands, foundations occur, at least one reusable substance component without emission of pollutants with low technological, constructive and energetic effort to win.

Since according to the analyzed state of the art with regard to an environmentally friendly reuse of degraded building materials with pollutants, the use of energy resources from high slag temperatures so far played no role, the invention is basically a fact that according to the process a developed, harmful substances containing mixture of a building material hot slag add or covered with the hot slag to reuse at least one reusable substance component of the building material in the already occurring processing, reuse or further processing of slag and on the other hand to destroy the harmful substances environmentally friendly by shock-like combustion and integrated chemical conversion.

• • in einem ersten Schritt ein ausgebauter, Teere, Peche oder ähnliche Komponenten enthaltende Baustoff wie Ausbauasphalt mit Schlacke, die bei jeglicher Metallverhüttung anfällt, wie hoch-, elektrofenheiße Schlacke oder heiße Schlacke bei der Kupfergewinnung möglichst mit den hohen Temperaturen nach dem Metallabstich wie z. B. im Bereich von ca. 1300°C–1800°C als Gemenge zusammengebracht wird,
• • dabei in einem zweiten Schritt infolge des chemischen Reaktionsablaufs gemäß der Beziehung C₁₄H₁₀ + 16,5O₂ 14CO₂ + 5H₂O und entsprechend der Strukturformel eines Kohlenwasserstoffs wie konkret Anthracen
  
  die schädlichen Komponenten ohne Entstehung giftiger Gase schlagartig umweltunschädlich verbrannt, das Gemenge aus abgekühlter Schlacke und Baustoffen frei von schädlichen Komponenten wird und
• • in einem dritten Schritt die abgekühlte Schlacke zusammen mit den von Schadstoffen befreiten Baustoffen einer üblichen Weiterverwendung zugeführt wird.

Surprisingly, it was found out that this method can be used concretely for practical application, if

• • In a first step, a developed, tars, pitches or similar components containing building material such as reclaimed asphalt with slag, which is obtained in any metal smelting, such as high-temperature, slag or slag hot slag in the copper extraction as possible with the high temperatures after the metal tapping such. B. in the range of about 1300 ° C-1800 ° C is brought together as a mixture,
• • in a second step due to the chemical reaction sequence according to the relationship C ₁₄ H ₁₀ + 16.5O ₂ 14CO ₂ + 5H ₂ O and according to the structural formula of a hydrocarbon such as anthracene concrete
  
  the harmful components are burned without generating harmful gases abruptly environmentally harmless, the mixture of cooled slag and building materials is free from harmful components and
• In a third step, the cooled slag, together with the building materials freed of pollutants, is passed on to a customary further use.

• • Variante 1: Der granulierte schadstoffhaltige Baustoff wird in einer Aufnahmeform wie abgegrenztem Schlackenbeet in einer dünnen homogenen Schicht gleichmäßig aufgebracht und mit ca. 1300°C–1800°C heißer Schlacke übergossen oder abgedeckt, wobei die Schichtfolge Baustoff – Schlacke in vorgegebenen Anteilsverhältnissen wiederholt werden kann.
• • Variante 2: Der granulierte schadstoffhaltige Ausbauasphalt wird während des Abfüllens der heißen Schlacke in eine Aufnahme wie Schlackenkübel in einem vorgegebenen Verhältnis zudosiert.

The process can be carried out in the following variants:

• Variant 1: The granulated pollutant-containing building material is uniformly applied in a receiving mold such as delimited slag bed in a thin homogeneous layer and covered with about 1300 ° C-1800 ° C hot slag or covered, wherein the layer sequence building material slag are repeated in predetermined proportions proportions can.
• • Variant 2: The granulated, polluted expansion asphalt is metered into a receptacle, such as slag tubing, at a specified ratio during the filling of the hot slag.

In principle, in the second method step, the sudden action due to the high temperature of the slag divides the harmful hydrocarbon compounds contained in the dismantled building material into carbon and water and render them harmless.

The cooling slag melts in the second step at least partially with the inert materials such as minerals from the building material mixtures, in particular Ausbauasphalten.

Thereafter, the cooled or cooling and fused slag mineral material is then taken up, as hitherto the slag crushed to a chippings material and the chippings material thus obtained used for the production of new building materials, especially Neuasphalten.

• • ein Schlackenbeet oder einen Schlackenkübel und
• • eine Zugabe- oder Dosiervorrichtung für die Beimengung der ausgebauten, Schadstoffe enthaltenden Baustoffe.

The device for carrying out the method generally comprises

• • a slag bed or a slag bucket and
• • an addition or metering device for the admixture of the dismantled building materials containing pollutants.

The device is connectable to at least one of the aggregates, such as suction, transport, conveyance, pollutant eliminating, process control or crusher, at the place of slag seizure.

The device can predominantly use components from any existing parts of the system. Thus, the cost of new investments can be kept low. In no case achieved the technological and design effort of a device according to the invention the above-described thermal recycling plants in which the pitch-containing expansion materials in an annealing drum at about 400-650 K gasified and destroyed in an afterburner at 850-1500 ° K, the resulting pollutants or at other system, the aromatic hydrocarbons are destroyed at temperatures of about 850 ° K.

The invention can also be applied analogously in connection with a slag arising from the production of copper from ores, where sand and minerals are already used as slag formers anyway.

In addition, opens up with the invention, an application for developed subsoils, sands, foundations, etc., the contaminants contaminated such. B. so-called mineral oil hydrocarbons (MKW) z. B. in the area of gas stations, which the inventive method an environmentally friendly destruction of pollutants and together with the slag the recovery of z. As sands secures.

Best way to carry out the invention

The invention will be explained by way of example, with other examples with corresponding configurations and adapted sequences being possible, and as such, as they result readily from the application of the teaching of the main claim.

A prepared expansion asphalt is approached with appropriate means of transport such as wheel loader to the place of the attack of slags from a blast furnace and possibly stored.

In a first step according to the invention, this expansion asphalt containing the tars, pitches or similar components is metered with the resulting slag at temperatures of about 1300 ° C-1800 ° C during the filling of the hot slag in a slag bucket in a predetermined ratio, so that a Mixture of slag and maturing asphalt is produced.

wobei die schädlichen Komponenten analog dem Anthracen ohne Entstehung schädlicher oder giftiger Gase schlagartig und umweltunschädlich verbrannt werden, so daß das Gemenge aus abgekühlter Schlacke und Baustoffen frei von Pechen oder schädlichen Komponenten wird.In a second step, possibly accompanied by control of a process control, a chemical reaction sequence according to the relationship C ₁₄ H ₁₀ + 16.5O ₂ → 14CO ₂ + 5H ₂ O and according to the structural formula of anthracene takes place

wherein the harmful components are burned analogously to the anthracene without the formation of harmful or toxic gases abruptly and environmentally harmless, so that the mixture of cooled slag and building materials is free of pitch or harmful components.

It is typical here that the harmful effects due to the high temperature of the slag, the hydrocarbon compounds harmful in the pitch-redevelopment asphalt are split into carbon and water and rendered harmless.

Possibly. For example, in this process step of the abrupt and environmentally harmless combustion, a device which removes or eliminates the exhaust gases or an exhaust system can assist the process of the above-described chemical reaction sequence of the destruction of the harmful hydrocarbon compounds.

In a third step, the cooled slag, together with the dismantling asphalt, which has been freed of pitch or similar components, is then passed on for further use by comminution in a comminution plant such as crusher, which was customary until now. As before, the slag is thus comminuted into a chippings material and the chippings material thus obtained are also used as hitherto for the production of new building materials such as new asphalts, but without environmentally harmful components.

• • die in der Regel vorhandene Aufnahmeform wie Schlackenbeet oder Schlackenkübel,
• • eine Zugabe- oder Dosiervorrichtung für die Beimengung der ausgebauten, Peche oder ähnliche Komponenten enthaltenden Baustoffe,
• • eine übliche Zerkleinerungsanlage für die Aufbereitung des erkalteten oder erkaltenden und verschmolzenen Schlacke-Mineralstoff-Gutes zu einem Splittmaterial in vorgegebene Korngrößen,
• • entsprechende Fördermittel,
• • ggf. eine Absaugung und/oder eine Schadstoffe eliminierende Einrichtung,
• • eine Prozeßsteuerung sowie
• • ein mobiles Transportmittel wie z. B. Radlader.

The device for carrying out the method comprises a maximum

• • the usually existing absorption form such as slag beds or slag tubs,
• A metering or metering device for admixing the built-up materials containing pitch or similar components,
• A conventional crushing plant for the treatment of the cooled or cooled and fused slag mineral material to a chippings material in predetermined grain sizes,
• • corresponding funding,
• If necessary, a suction and / or a pollutant-eliminating device,
• • a process control as well
• • a mobile means of transport such. B. wheel loader.

The device can predominantly use components from any existing parts of the system. Thus, the cost of new investments can be kept low.

The technological, constructional and energy expenditure of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention remains considerably below that of the thermal utilization plants described above.

The invention is based on extensive and unobvious considerations, which came to the conclusion that under the conditions described the mixing or covering of expansion asphalt with about 1600 ° C hot slag in the ratio of z. B. 1:20 combustion of the harmful components (pitches, tars) can take place.

Although it is known from the literature that aromatic hydrocarbons burn under soot formation, that is to say they are not ideal and do not burn completely.

However, in order to burn, a substance must be gaseous. Decisive is the flashpoint. A permanent burning is possible at the firing temperature, which is about 30 ° C above the flash point. If there is no spark, autoignition takes place at the respective ignition temperature. Since generally the ignition temperature decreases with increasing molecular size, this should therefore be at distilled off tars, pitch rather something below 600 ° C.

For pitches, tars and anthracene, a typical PAH in it, the following data are decisive: Flash point [° C] Ignition temperature [° C] Bad luck, tar 90 600 anthracene 121 538 bitumen 205 400

The relatively low flash point for pitches, tars indicates that these data are not measurable for a distilled product as used in road construction. It must therefore be assumed in distilled pitches, tars, to find there rather higher-boiling PAHs with larger molecules.

In order to be able to advance to the inventive solution, therefore, not only theoretical and experimental data and relationships had to be re-analyzed and taken into account, but so far devious steps had to be considered, such as using a hot slag for a shock-like combustion process in order to exploit the main effect of the invention, namely the destruction of a pollutant by high-temperature combustion to achieve.

Only then could it be concluded from an idealized reaction equation-as disclosed above-that the complete combustion of a pollutant, with respect to anthracene, as disclosed by the process according to the invention.

Thus, the task with respect to the elimination of pollutants, such as harmful substances containing hydrocarbons, oils, fuels, tars, pitches or similar components containing mixtures of a degraded building material surprisingly redissolved by the inventive blending or covering with hot slags in terms of development of their energy resources become.

Industrial Applicability

• • technologisch, konstruktiv, baulich, energetisch und logistisch in ihrem Aufwand gering gehalten werden kann,
• • einen überraschend neuen Effekt für die umweltschonende Aufbereitung und Wiederverwendung von ausgebauten, schadstoffhaltigen Baustoffen zeitigt und
• • eine neuartige Nutzung energetischer Ressourcen von heißen Schlacken bewirkt,

verspricht die gewerbliche Nutzung eine hohe volkswirtschaftliche Effizienz durch die Aufdeckung von Material und Energieressourcen sowie Entlastung der Umwelt.As the invention

• • technologically, structurally, structurally, energetically and logistically can be kept low in their effort,
• • a surprisingly new effect for the environmentally friendly treatment and reuse of degraded, pollutant-containing building materials zeitigt and
• • causes a novel use of energetic resources of hot slags,

Commercial use promises high economic efficiency by detecting material and energy resources and relieving the burden on the environment.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 2623574 [0004]
• DE 3632709 [0004]
• DE 3923693 C [0005]
• DE 19740842 A [0005]
• DE 2855277A [0012]

Claims (11)

A process for producing at least one reusable substance component from a degraded, harmful substances containing hydrocarbon mixtures of a building material, wherein the building material is added to a hot slag or covered with hot slag, which slag is processed for further use. A process for producing at least one reusable substance component from a degraded, harmful substances with hydrocarbons, such as oils, fuels, tars, pitches or similar components containing mixtures of a building material, in which In a first method step, the removed building material is brought together with hot slag from the metal smelting as a mixture, - In a second process step without the formation of toxic gases, the mixture of slag and building materials by a high-flash-point or sudden action or coverage of the hot slag at least the harmful hydrocarbon compounds contained in the building material split into carbon and water and rendered harmless and at least partially the Slag with inert or mineral parts of the building material melts and - In a third step, the cooled slag is fed together with the freed of harmful components building materials re-use. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that blast furnace, electro-furnace hot or obtained in the copper recovery slag is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the second step in a process according to the reaction sequence according to the relationship C ₁₄ H ₁₀ + 16.5O ₂ → 14CO ₂ + 5H ₂ O and corresponding to the structural formula of anthracene

controlled or controlled process the environmentally harmful components are removed from the building material. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the first and second process step, the slag in the temperature range of 1300 ° C-1800 ° C is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the removed building material is introduced or covered in a receiving form such as slag bed with the hot slag at least in layers alternately. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the degraded building material is metered in granulated form of the hot, in a receiving form such as slag bucket incoming slag. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a layer of the building material is about 10 cm Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the introduction takes place in a ratio of building material to slag of about 1:20 based on the mass fractions. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cooled and at least partially fused or blended slag mineral material is taken up and comminuted to a chippings material and the chippings material thus obtained is used for the production of new building materials. Means for carrying out the method, comprising a receiving mold for a hot slag and a degraded building material, an adding or metering device and the linkage with at least one of the aggregates, such as • Extraction, • Transport, • Conveying, • Pollution eliminating equipment, • Process control or • Crushing plant at the place of seizure or slag processing.